必修5Unit 1Great scientists
一、单词识记
1. ________ _ n.宇宙; 世界
2. ______ __ n.受害者
3. ________________ n.附近; 邻近
4. _____ __ adj. 严重的, 剧烈的
5. ________________ n.特征; 特性
6. _______ __ vt.照顾；出席；参加
7. ______ ___ vt.吸收；吸引；使专心8. ____ _____ vt.预见；预知
9. ________ _ adj.积极的；肯定的10. _____ __ vt.打败；战胜n.失败
11. __________ n.治愈vt.治愈12. __________ n.柄；把手vt.处理
13. __________ vt.怀疑n.嫌疑犯14. ___________ n.挑战vt.挑战
15. __________ adj.熟练的n.专家16. v t.责备；谴责n．过失；责备
二、单词拓展
(A)单词派生
1. _____ _____ n. 科学_______ ___ n. 科学家_______ ___ adj. 科学的
2. _______ ___ vt. 分析_______ ___ n. 分析
3. _______ __ vt. 污染；弄脏_______ __ adj. 受污染的_______ __ n. 污染
4. ________ ___ vt. 命令；指示；教导____ ________ n. 指示；教导
5. ________ _ __ vt.传染；感染 ____ ____ ___ adj.传染的
6. ___________ __ n. 小心; 谨慎_________ ____ adj. 小心的; 谨慎的
(B)灵活运用
1. He needed more _______ _ (science) experiments to support his theory.
2. She has come to the _________ ___ (conclude) that he does not love her at all.
3. He fell ill because of eating the ____ ____ (pollute) seafood.
4. The _______ _ (analyse) of the food showed the presence of poison.
5. Follow the _________ __ (instruct) when you operate the machine.
三、短语翻译
1. ___________ ___ 提出
2. __________ ____ 讲得通；有意义
3. ______________ 使显露；暴露
4. __________ ____ 将…和…联系起来
5. ________ _____ 除……之外；此外
6. _________ _ _____ 对……严格
7. _____________________得出结论8. ______________导致；引起
9. _______________ 失去控制10. _______________受责备
11. ____________________ 在建设中12. _______________ 结束
四、重点单词
1．conclude vt.&vi.断定；推断出；终止；达成，缔结conclusion n. 结论；结束
[教材原句]Draw a conclusion得出结论
conclude sth. (from sth.) = conclude (from sth) that+从句(从…中)判断出…
conclude sth with sth=conclude by doing sth. 以…结束…
to conclude 最后
come to/ reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion= in a word 总而言之
【牛刀小试】
①He their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。
②He concluded his speech____ ____a famous saying：where there is a will，there is a way. 他以一句名言“有志者，事竟成”结束他的演讲。
③We will have a further discussion before we______________ ________.
我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终结论。
④______ __ conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
最后，我想说我今天过得很开心。
⑤When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to______ __it with important points.
当小组讨论即将结束的时候，要确保用要点来总结讨论的内容。
2．attend vi. 专心；留意；注意vt. 出席，参加；照顾，护理
[教材原句]John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.
约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为维多利亚女王的私人医生。
attend a meeting/wedding/lecture参加会议/出席婚礼/听演讲
attend school/class/church上学/上课/去做礼拜
attend (on/upon) sb.照顾(侍候)某人
attend to处理
【牛刀小试】
①I am the first child in my family to _______ ____college.
我是家里第一个上大学的孩子。
②The meeting will_______ ______by finance ministers from many countries.
很多国家的财政部长将出席会议。
③He has to______________ __.
他不得不照顾生病的儿子。
④I may be late—I have got one or two things_______ ___.
我也许会迟到，我有一两件事要处理。
[比较辨析]
[填一填]
An old Party member who ______ __ the Party in 1949 _______ _ the meeting. He _______ _ our group discussion and encouraged us to ________________ various social activities.
3．expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临
[教材原句]The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.
自来水公司接到指示：不得使人们再受污水的影响。
expose...to 使显露；暴露be exposed to 暴露于……，处于……危险中
expose sth.to sb.向某人揭发某事expose sb.to sth.使某人接触到某物，使面临，使遭受【牛刀小试】
①It is reported that he ____________ the truth of the milk poisoning incident____ __the public. 他向公众揭露了毒奶粉事件的真相。
②Don't expose your skin _____ ___ direct sunlight，or you'll get sunburnt.
不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。
③Take care not to keep your children________ __the bad books and magazines.
注意不要让孩子接触不良书籍和杂志。
④Recently several online rumors have________ _ _____the public on CCTV.
最近央视将几起网络谣言公布于众。
4．cure n. 治愈；痊愈vt. 治愈；治疗；纠正
[教材原句]Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。
a cure for...针对……的治疗(法)
cure sb./a disease治疗好某人/治疗(治愈)某种疾病
cure sb.of...治愈某人的疾病/改掉某人的恶习等
【牛刀小试】
①Is there a certain cure cancer yet?
至今为止，癌症有没有有效的治疗方法？
②The teacher cured him _____ ___ bad habits.
老师纠正了他的坏习惯。
[填一填]
①The doctor____ ____his headache with a new drug but didn't____ ____him.
②The cut on my leg has_____ ___.
5．challenge n．挑战；vt.向……挑战
[教材原句]John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.
约翰·斯诺想直面这一挑战，解决这个难题。
face a/the challenge面对挑战
accept/take up a/the challenge to sth.接受……的挑战
challenge sb.(to do sth.)向某人挑战(做某事)
【牛刀小试】
①Keeping prices from going up too sharply is a ______________ to China as well as the whole world.
抑制物价飞涨既是中国也是全世界的挑战。
②He challenged me _______ _(play) another tennis game.
他向我挑战，要我跟他再打一场网球赛。
6．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；并入，并吞；理解，掌握
[教材原句]The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
第二种看法表明人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。
be absorbed in 全神贯注于;热衷于;
absorb one’s attention吸引某人注意力
【牛刀小试】
①Dry sand water.
干沙吸水。
②Clever children___________ ___ easily.
聪明孩子容易领悟知识。
③He_____________ _writing a letter and didn't even look up when I came in.
他在聚精会神地写信，当我进来时他甚至都没有抬头。
④_______ ___his work，Tom simply forgot food and sleep.
汤姆专心于工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。
⑤His attractive voice has absorbed_______ _________at the concert.
他的吸引人的嗓音在音乐会上引起许多专家的注意。
7．suspect vt.认为；怀疑；n.[C]被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
[教材原句]John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. 约翰·斯诺认为第二个理论是正确的，但他需要证据。
suspect sth.怀疑有某事suspect that...怀疑……；觉得……
suspect sb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(做过)某事suspect sb.to be...怀疑某人是……
be suspicious of/about...对……怀疑
【牛刀小试】
①I there was something wrong with the engine.
我怀疑发动机出了毛病。
②She suspected him_____ ___taking her money.
她怀疑他偷了她的钱。
③We suspect him_____ ___(be)ill.
我们猜想他病了。
8．blame vt. 责备；谴责；把……归咎于n. 过失；责备
[教材原句]It seemed that the water was to blame.
看来水是罪魁祸首。
blame sb.for sth.因某事而责备某人blame sth.on sb.把某事怪到某人头上
be to blame应受责备；应负责任(常用主动形式表示被动意义)
bear/take the blame for...对……负责
lay/put the blame for sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人身上
【牛刀小试】
①They him the accident.
他因为这起事故受到他们的责备。
②Don't always blame your own failure_________ ___.Sometimes you yourself are _________ _____.
不要总把失败归咎于他人，有时该怪你自己。
③You must____________ ______the accident.
你必须承担这次事故的责任。
9．announce vt.宣布；通告
[教材原句]With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.
有了这个额外的证据，约翰·斯诺就能肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。announce sth.(to sb.)(向某人)宣布、通告某事announce that...宣布……；通知……
It is announced that...据宣布……announcement n．通知，通告
【牛刀小试】
①The spokesman the news the reporter.
发言人向记者发布新闻。
②__________ ____that she is going to Japan next week.
据宣布，下个星期她要去日本。
③The bright flowers______ __that spring was here.
鲜艳的花朵显示春天已经来到。
④Attention，please！I have an______ ______.
请注意，我有消息要公布。
[填一填]
①The school office_____ ___that the sports meeting would be put off till the next Monday.
②It was______ __by the government that these small coal mines would be closed. 10．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导
[教材原句]The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. 自来水公司接到指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。
instruct sb.in sth.教授某人某事instruct sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事
as instructed按照指示instruction n．[用复数]说明书；使用指南follow the instructions按照说明(书)；按指示
【牛刀小试】
①He __________________ me to deliver it to a customer.
他吩咐我把东西送给顾客。
②My job is_________ ___ her in English.
我的工作是教她英语。
③She arrived at 10_________ ___.
她依照指示十点钟到达。
④Always________ ____on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
一定要认真读瓶子上的说明再服适量的药。
11．contribute vt.& vi. 捐款；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿
[教材原句]to contribute为了促进
contribute...to...为……捐献……；投稿contribute to有助于；促进；导致contribution n．贡献；捐献
make a contribution/contributions to/towards...对……作贡献；为……作贡献
【牛刀小试】
①I'm sure your suggestion will solving the problem.
我相信你的建议一定有助于问题的解决。
②She___________ _______our magazine.
她给我们的杂志投了一篇稿子。
③Eating too much fat can__________ ____heart disease and cause high blood pressure. 摄入太多的脂肪会导致心脏病和高血压的发生。
④Everyone is willing to _________ _______the homeless people.
每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。
⑤Everyone should make a contribution to_____ ___(protect)the environment.
每个人都应当为保护环境作贡献。
重点短语和句型
1．put forward 提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨
[教材原句]Who put forward a theory about black holes?
谁提出的黑洞理论？
①put aside节省；储蓄；留出；把……放在一边②put away放好；积蓄；将……收起来③put off延期；推迟④put out熄灭；生产
⑤put up举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿⑥put up with容忍；忍受
⑦put through接通电话；完成；使经受⑧put back向后拨；推迟，延期；放回原处⑨put down写下；放下；平定⑩put in安装；添上；花费
【牛刀小试】
①They have the date of their wedding by one week.
他们将婚礼日期提前了一周。
②I'm not going to____________ ____their smoking in the office any longer.
我再也不能容忍他们在办公室抽烟了。
③A notice was__________ __in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time. 为了提醒同学们演讲的时间有变，有人张贴了一则通知。
④At the last moment，Tom decided to ______ __ a new character to make the story seem more likely.
在最后一刻，汤姆决定增加一个新人物，以使故事更可信。
2．apart from此外，除了……之外
[教材原句]Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.
除了上边提到的结构，你也学过下边这些短语。
①in addition(to)/besides除……之外，另外还②but/except除……之外(都)
③except for除……之外(表细节上的“美中不足”)④except that/when/what...除……之外【牛刀小试】
①______________________________the cost，the dress doesn't suit me.
姑且不论价格，这件衣服不适合我。
②It is a good book，_______________ _____the torn cover.
除了封面破了，它是本好书。
[填一填]
①All the students took part in the sports meeting___________Tom.
②We need three more chairs______________these two.
③______________the ending，it's a really good film.
3．make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通
[教材原句]Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。
make sense of理解；明白make no sense没道理；没意义
in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说in no sense决不(位于句首时用部分倒装) common sense常识There is no/little sense in doing sth.做某事没道理
a sense of duty/humor/beauty/direction责任感/幽默感/美感/方向感
【牛刀小试】
①This sentence just ，no matter how you read it.
无论你怎样读这个句子，它还是讲不通。
②________________in getting angry about it.
为此生气是没有意义的。
③________________can we lie to our parents.
我们决不能向父母说谎。
④You are right________________，but you don't know all the facts.
在某种意义上你是对的，但你不了解全部事实。
⑤Can you____________ __ this article?
你能看懂这篇文章吗？
4．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
(1) neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。
(2) 遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：
either...or...不是……就是……not only...but also...不仅……而且……not...but...不是……而是……
【牛刀小试】
①To be honest，I have time money for the ball.
诚实地说，我既没有时间也没有金钱参加舞会。
②Neither my wife nor I myself______ __(be)able to persuade my daughter to change her mind. 我妻子和我本人都没能说服女儿改变主意。
③Not only the nurses but also the doctor_______ _(be) very kind to the patients.
护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。
④Either you or one of your students____ ____(be)to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
5．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
每次暴发霍乱时，都有成千上万的惊恐的老百姓病死。
(1)every time引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，表示“每当……”。
(2)名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有：
each time每当……时候next time下次……时
the＋序数词＋time第……次the＋瞬间名词(moment/minute/instant)一……就……
(3)有些副词，如directly，instantly，immediately也可引导状语从句。
【牛刀小试】
①She let out a cry she saw the snake.
她一看到蛇就叫了起来。
②_________ ___Kobe visits China，he receives a warm welcome from his Chinese fans.
每一次科比来访中国，都会受到中国球迷的热烈欢迎。
③______________ __I climbed onto the wall，I felt very nervous.
我第一次爬到墙上去时，感到很紧张。
6．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。
(1)only if 只有，只要，引导的状语从句在句首时，主句要用倒装语序，即主句中的助动词、情态动词或系动词be置于主语前。
(2)if only 但愿，要是……就好了，引导的状语从句使用虚拟语气，表达对现在、将来的愿望或与过去事实相反的愿望。
【牛刀小试】
①She'll have a chance to get well _______________she has a strong will to live.
唯有她有活下去的坚强意志她才会有机会好起来。
②________________ she were my sister!
如果她是我姐姐该多好啊！
③_____________ in this way, _________________ solve the problem easily.
只有用这种方法，你才能轻松地解决这个问题．
必修5 Unit1 Great scientists 1.explain（vt.）解释;说明;阐明 sth. to sb. Please explain this rule to me. explain + that从句He explained that he had been cheated. +wh- Can you explain how the machine operates? 2.characteristic n. 特征；特性 e.g. Kindness is one of his characteristics. adj.独特的 e.g. I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh. 短语：be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性 e.g. Such bluntness is characteristic of him. 3. put forward 提出（建议等）；提名; 提前，把时钟往前拨 e.g. He put forward a new plan. [归纳拓展] put down 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭put on 穿上 put away 收好put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期 put up 建造；举起；张贴 选词填空（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out） ①The plan that you _____ at the meeting is wonderful. ②Many tall buildings were _____ along the road. ③Firefighters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center. ④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day. ⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow wha t can be done today. 2.draw a conclusion得出结论 1）conclusion作名词，意为―结束，结论 短语：come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后 e.g. I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo. 2）conclude作动词，―结束；断定；决定 to conclude（作插入语）最后,作为总结(= to sum up) e.g. To conclude, I think smoking does more harm than good to us. 4. expert 1）n.专家，能手 an expert in psychology（心理学）an agricultural expert 2）adj.熟练的，有专门技术的 be expert in/at sth 精通…… doing sth. an expert job需要专门知识的工作 e.g. He is expert in / at cooking. 5.attend vt. & vi. 参加，注意，照料 1）attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting 2）attend to (on)伺候, 照顾，看护 e.g. Mother had to attend to her sick son. 3）attend to处理，注意倾听 e.g. Can you attend to the matter immediately? 4. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 1）暴露expose sb/ sth to sth e.g. He exposes his skin to the sun. 2）揭露 e.g.He
按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放 必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly dise ase of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousand s of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted t o face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never b e controlled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera ki lled people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person die d. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed eviden ce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enqu iry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the d eaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 a nd 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. H e immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle f rom the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed d own. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deat hs that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away f rom Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it deliver ed to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drin king the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with ce rtainty that polluted water carried the virus.
Unit 1 1.what do you know about great scientists? 2.high expectations are the key to everything 远 大的理想是开启万物的钥匙 3.face the music 面对命运对你的不公平 4.be absorbed in全神贯注于, 专心致志于 be lost in thought想得出神沉思于… be engaged in 从事于…忙于 be concentrated on 集中注意力… 5.一…就… The moment…瞬间 instant 立刻 the minute second 片刻 6.make a suggestion give an advice make the investigation 7.look into 调查看浏览 8.slow down 减缓 9.relate to 有关涉及 10.two athe deaths 另外两个死者 11.link to 有关联系 12.die out 灭绝 die of 死于 die from死于 13.his career came to an end 他的事业结束了14.develop a severe illness 染上很严重的疾病 15.make a new career 创立新的事业 16.apart from 除了… 17.two more example =another two另外两个 18.make a face 做鬼脸 make one’s way to 转向向…出发，朝…走去 make up one’s mind下定决心 make friends make the bed make sure确定 make room for为..腾空间 19.lead to 领导 20.only 修饰主语不倒装 状语要倒装 If only 但愿要是 Only if只有.. 要到装 Eg.: only if you use this way ,can you … 21.make sense 有意义讲得通 in a sense 有点.. make sense of 搞清楚弄明白 in no sense 绝不；不可能 22. at times 时不时有时 At a time 每一次 From time to time 时而不时的 At one time 曾经一度 For the time being 暂时 Ahead of time 提前 All the time 一直 At all times总是随时 At any time 无论何时 At no time 决不 Out of time 不合时宜的 23.suspect sb of do sth怀疑某人做某事 24.look into 调查 25.look ahead 向前看展望未来 26.look around for 参观四处看看 27. look away from 把目光…从移开 28.look back (at) 回顾回忆 29.look out (for) 留心当心 30.look up to 尊敬钦佩 31.look though 检查浏览 32.go down 下降 33.slow down 慢下来放慢速度 33.knock down 击倒 34.tear down 拆毁拆除 Unit 2 1.keep your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛 2.consist of由…组成 3.leave out省去不考虑遗漏 4.divide into 分成 https://www.doczj.com/doc/b912153851.html,pare A with B 与…比
高中英语必修五课文及翻 译 Final approval draft on November 22, 2020
-必修 5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom Reading PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history. First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup! England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture. The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 人教版高中英语必修5课文原文 . 必修 5 Uni t 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS KING CHOLERA John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather 1/ 2
按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly diseas e of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be contr olled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera kille d people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangero us gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the dis ease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evide nce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his en quiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the de aths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 an d 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he mad e further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 C ambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water f rom the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He imm ediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away fr om Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certaint y that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source o f all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally "King Cholera" was defeated. COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY
1. scientist science scientific 2. know about 了解 know of 听说过 3. find/ find out/ discover/ invent 4. explain sth. to sb 5. be characteristic of sb/ sth 6. pass sth from…从…处传来, 传下 pass by 路过, 经过… pass down 把…传下去 pass on 传递, 传授 7. the way of doing sth = the way to do 做某事的方法 8. put forward 提出建议，推荐某人或者自己任职，提名；时钟往前拨 9. by the way 顺便说 by way of …通过…的方法 lose one’s way 迷路 no way 没门，别想 feel one’s way 摸索着走谨慎从事 on one’s way to…在去……的路上 in this way=by this means =with this method用这种方法 10. put away 抛弃;舍弃 put down 写下来; 记入名单 put on 穿上; 戴上; 增加 put off 耽误; 延期 put out 熄灭(灯); 扑灭(火) put up 建立; 建造 put up with…忍受… 11. arrive at / come to / draw / reach a conclusion 12. win / beat /defeat win “赢得, 获胜”, 后接奖品, 奖金, 名誉, 财产 beat “击败, 战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者对手, 敌人 defeat “击败，战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者 对手, 敌人, (此用法同beat), 疾病等。 expert at/in sth 某方面的专家 14. attend 注意；照看，照顾；参加 attendance n. 照顾, 出席 attend school 上学 attend a lecture 听讲座attend a wedding 出席婚礼 15. attend to 处理, 办理I have some important things to attend to. 照顾, 照料; Are you being attended to 先生, 有人接待你吗 专心, 注意If you don’t attend to the teacher, you’ll never learn anything. 16. expose A to B 使A 暴露于B A be exposed to B A 暴露于B 17. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) deadly adj. 致命的 18. deadly adv. (1)very 极度; 非常; 十分 deadly serious 十分认真 (2)like death 死一般地 deadly pale 死一般苍白 19. every time 每当每次（连词连接句子）注意: immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等与every time一样, 都可以 用作连词引导时间状语从句, 意为“一…..就”。 20. absorb…..into 吸收，理解接受，吞并be absorbed in …被…吸引; 专心于; 全神贯注于某事 21. suggest doing sth 建议做某事 suggest that 建议should + V 暗示该使用什么时态用什么 22. severe 严厉的; 苛刻的; 严格的. 剧痛的, 剧烈的, 严重的, 难熬的 be severe with/on sth 对……严格。 23. be to blame 应该受到责备 blame sb for sth 因……责备某人 blame sth on sb 把sth 归咎于某人 24. look into 向里看；调查，了解 25. suspect sth 怀疑某事 suspect sb of doing sth 怀疑某人做某事 suspect that 从句 26. look on 观看, 面向, 旁观, 看待look out 面朝, 留神, 照料 look over 从上面看, 察看, 检查look around 环顾, 观光, 察看
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. 约翰·斯洛是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病，人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。每次霍乱暴发时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。约翰·斯洛想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。 He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. 斯洛对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖着，像一股危险的气体到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者为止。第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。 John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1845, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighborhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. 斯洛推测第二种说法是正确的，但他需要证据。因此，在1854 年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候，约翰·斯洛着手准备对此进行调研。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，约翰·斯洛就开始收集资料。他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行的很严重，在10 天之内就死去了500 多人。他决心要查明原因。 First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16,37, 38 and 40) . He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. 首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的地方。这提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近（特别是这条街上16、37、38、40 号）。他发现有些住宅（如宽街上20 号和21 号以及剑桥街上的8 号和9 号）却无人死亡。他以前没预料到这种情况，所有他决定深入调查。他发现，这些人都在剑桥街7 号的酒馆里打工，而酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon
高二英语必修五Unit 4课文翻译 Unit 4 Making the news Reading MY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT "Unforgettable", says new journalist 我的第一项工作任务“难以忘怀，”新闻记者说Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist. 周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报纸的第一项工作任务。他同新上司胡欣的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生强烈的影响。 HX: Welcome. We're delighted you're coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions? 胡：欢迎你，非常高兴你来参加我们的工作，你来这里首先就是当助理记者。有什么问题吗? ZY: Can I go out on a story immediately? 周：我可以马上去采访吗? HX: (laughing) That' s admirable, but I' m afraid it would be unusual ! Wait till you' re more experienced. First we'll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.