Part I Multiple Choice(15%)
Directions: There are 15 incomplete statements in this part. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the
best ONE to complete the statement. (1’x 15=15’)
1. According to the rules of writing a title, “__________” is correct.
A. The Way To Improve Our English-Speaking Ability
B. My View on the Negative Effects of Ads
C. the Myth of a Negro Literature
D. the war of Independence
2. Which of the following sentences has punctuation error?
A. The alarm clock sounded, the students got up quickly.
B. The alarm clock sounded; the students got up quick.
C. The alarm clock sounded. The students got up quickly.
D. When the alarm clock sounded, the students got up quickly.
3. __________ does not contain in the principles of “choice of words”.
A. Accuracy
B. Arbitrariness
C. Appropriateness
D. Conciseness
4. What kind of figures of speech(修辞格)is used in the sentence “This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.”?
A. Metaphor
B. Personification
C. Simile
D. Hyperbole
5. During the TV interview, the singer announced that he was going to _____his new album soon.
A.release
B. renew
C. relieve
D. rehearse
6. Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, __________ to find it locked.
A. only
B. just
C. hence
D. thus
7. As I’ll be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate __________ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.
A. hearing
B. to hear
C. to be hearing
D. having heard
8. An introductory paragraph should arouse the reader’s interest and __________ the main idea of the essay.
A. ignore
B. introduce
C. develop
D. emphasize
9. Which of the following sentences contains a dangling modifier?
A. Coming up the hall, I heard the clock struck 10.
B. While Wendy was driving on Greenwood Avenue yesterday afternoon, a tree
began to fall toward her car.
C. When I was ten, my grandfather died.
D. None of the above.
10. Which one is not used as a transition word to give examples?
A. for instance
B. such as
C. likewise
D. namely
11. While making a good sentence, the principles do not contain __________.
A. variety
B. coherence
C. unity
D. duality
12. “__________” is a compound sentence.
A. Her mother would remind her.
B. The rain fell for a week; therefore, every street in the city was flooded.
C. Because the rain fell for a week, every street in the city was flooded.
D. She wanted to make sure that her mother wasn’t watching.
13. __________ is the core sentence of a paragraph.
A. Topic sentence
B. The first sentence
C. Supporting sentence
D. Concluding sentence
14. In the sentence “After the plane took off, Jessica still stood there
crying.”, what is the function of the underlined part?
A. It’s a prepositional phrase, functioning as an adverb.
B. It’s not a phrase, but an adverbial clause.
C. It’s not a phrase, but an independent clause.
D. It’s a prepositional phrase, functioning as the subject.
15. In order to keep a paragraph coherent, we often use the organizational
patterns: __________.
1) time order 2) space order 3) order of importance 4)order of generality
A. 1), 2), and 3)
B. 1), 2), and 4)
C. 2), 3), and 4)
D. 1), 2), 3), and 4)
Part II Correct Sentences (15%)
Directions: The following sentences have some faults and correct them.
(3’x 5 = 15’)
1. There are many students study in the classroom everyday.
2. Feeling hungry, I decided to walk to the village buy some food.
3. A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds.
4. Every man, woman, and child are entitled to join in the group.
5. Jane was trying to keep her balance but finally falls.
Part III Transitions (10%)
Directions:Read the following passage and choose an appropriate transition word or phrase in the box. Write the corresponding word or phrase in the blank. (2’x5=10’)
Another difference among the world’s seas and oceans is that the salinity varies in different climate zones. , the Baltic Sea（波罗的海） in Northern Europe is only one-fourth as saline as the Red Sea in the Middle East. There are two reasons for this. , in warm climate zones, water evaporates rapidly: therefore, the concentration of salt is greater. Second, the surrounding land is dry and, , does not contribute much fresh water to dilute the salty sea water. In cold climate zones, , water evaporates slowly. , the run-off created by melting snow adds a considerable amount of fresh water to dilute the saline sea water.
Part IV Reading for Better Writing (20%)
Passage One
Directions:Read the following paragraph, find out the topic sentence and then identify the irrelevant sentences. Mark the corresponding number on the below. (5’)
① Different people spend their weekends in different ways．② Some enjoy going to the mountains to hike, ski or just relax．③ Water skiing is much more difficult than snow skiing．④ Others prefer going to the beach to enjoy the seashore activities and to get a suntan．⑤ Some of these people work very hard during the week；others have rather relaxing jobs．⑥ Still others like to relax by staying home and reading a good book．
Topic Sentence：________
Irrelevant Sentences：________________
Passage Two
Directions: In the following paragraph the topic sentence is absent, read them
and write an appropriate topic sentence in your own words on the underline. (5’)
It can affect us physiologically. Exciting music can increase our heart rate, our
breathing, and our blood pressure. Calming music can relax our muscles and even
lower our skin temperature. Music can affect us physically too. Everyone has found
themselves tapping their feet or wanting to get up and dance to their favorite
song. Music can definitely affect our mood and emotions. Music is slow and quiet
makes us feel relaxed and less stressed, and stimulating music can energize us
and make us feel playful and alive.
Passage Three
Directions: Rearrange the following sentences so that they will read logically.
Put the letters in proper sequence in the boxes provided below.. (2’x5=10’)
[A] Imitative words are words that sound like the thing or action they stand for.
[B] The other one fifth is made up partly of borrowed words and partly of three
other kinds of words: words from the names of peoples and places; imitative
words; and invented words.
[C] But there are probably more.
[D] The old words which were born centuries ago in the Anglo-Saxon, Germanic and
French languages make up four fifths of the English language.
[E] Scholars guess that English has about 600, 000 words.
[F] There is no need to say anything about these words, for they speak for themselves.
[G] Ampere, volt and watt are all units of electricity, and they are named for
the men who discovered them.
[H] New words continue to come into the language at such a rate that no dictionary
could possibly keep up with them.
Part V Rewrite Sentences (15%)
Directions:Rewrite the following sentences according to the requirements.
(3’x 5 = 15’)
1. (a) Xiaxi Town is not big but beautiful.
(b) It has an area of about 80 square kilometers.(sentence with a
prepositional phrase)
2. (a) Mr. Smith will leave our school．
(b) He is a teacher of history． (sentence with an appositive phrase)
3. (a) The temple is visited by thousands of people every year.
(b) It was built 1, 000 years ago. (sentence with a v-ed phrase)
4.(a) I still remember the day .
(b) I first came to Beijing on that day. (sentence with an attributive clause)
5. (a) He suffered from cancer．
(b) He had smoked too much．(sentence with an adverbial clause)
Part VI Writing (25%)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write an essay on the topic
Getting to Know the World Outside of Campus. You should write about 150
words according to the situation given below in Chinese(Note: please write
the title of your essay): (25’)
1.如今，很多大学生都会通过兼职工作了解校外的世界，这是很必要的；
2.了解校外世界的途径；
3.你了解校外世界的方法。
Reference Answer
Part I Writing Basics (15%)
Directions: There are 15 incomplete statements in this part. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best ONE to complete the statement. (1’x 15=15’)
Part II Correct Sentences (3’x 5 = 15’)
Directions: The following sentences have some faults and please correct them. (3’x 5 = 15’)
1.There are many students study in the classroom everyday.
应为：There are many students who study in the classroom everyday.
2. Feeling hungry, I decided to walk to the village buy some food.
应为：Feeling hungry, I decided to walk to the village to buy some food.
3. A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds
应为：: A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does.
Or A man is judged not only by his words but also by his deeds.
4. Every man, woman, and child are entitled to join in the group.
应为：Every man, woman, and child is entitled to join in the group.
5. Jane was trying to keep her balance but finally falls.
应为：Jane was trying to keep her balance but finally fell.
Part III Transitions (10%)
Directions:Read the following passage and choose an appropriate transition word or phrase in the box. Write the corresponding word or phrase in the blank. (2’x5=10’)
1.For example
2.First of all
3.consequently
4.on the other hand
5.Furthermore
Part IV Reading for Better Writing (20%)
Passage One (5’)
Topic Sentence：____①____
Irrelevant Sentences：____③ _⑤______
Passage Two (5’)
Music affects us in many ways.
Passage Three
Directions: Rearrange the following numbered sentences so that they will read logically. Put the letters in proper sequence in the boxes. (2’x5=10’)
Part V Rewrite Sentences (15%)
Directions:Rewrite the following sentences according to the requirements. (3’x5=15’)
1.Xiaxi Town, with an area of about 80 square kilometers, is not big but beautiful.
2.Mr. Smith, a teacher of history, will leave our school．
3.The temple, built 1, 000 years ago, is visited by thousands of people every year.
-
4.I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing on that day.
5.He suffered from cancer because he had smoked too much．
Part VI Writing (25’)
Open answer.
英语写作试题（一） I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points) The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided. Attaining Success in College Succeeding in college is not only important to getting and education, but also crucial in this day and age to success in the work place. To me, the three most important things for attaining a successful college experience are having smart classroom conduct, taking advantage of campus resources, and making college the first priority. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Making good use of campus resources is also of great importance to college success. The school library has many resources for the growth of the students’ mind. With computers and copy-machines for individual use, computer labs and writing labs are there not just for learning purposes but also for actual help with writing papers. The “office hours” will help the students build a close relationship with their professors and give them access to the professors’ mind. From the professors the students can acquire possible extra information that may put them ahead of their study. All these resources are free, since they are funded by student tuitions. So taking good advantage of the resources can only make the students’ education more attainable. Finally, any students who want to assure success must establish school as the top priority. Personally I have watched some students slowly loosen up; I have seen a pattern of partying and a lack of motivation. Many of the freshmen have no idea why they are in college, and their “eyes” often tell it all. This world is so rich in distractions that it is hard to keep a strong focus, especially if one is just starting his or her academic career. It is said that the first semester is often the most “unsuccessful” one. This certainly rings true for me. I made mistakes in this regard and eventually learned that, to achieve success, school must always be placed above other things. In my college experience, I have observed and learned how to achieve success. I wish someone had told me earlier the importance of having that smart classroom conduct, of fully utilizing the school resources, and of making college my top priority. Then, my college beginnings would not have been so rocky and tough. II. Write an outline (20 points) Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it. Smell Smell, as a means of nonverbal communication, is important. Odor communicates not only when we are face to face with another person, but also when the other personis not present. People from different cultures may have different attitudes toward body odors. Most people in the West respond negatively to what they consider bad odors such as body odor, breath odor, or
商务英语写作（2）（B卷） 考试有关事项说明 考试日期：年月日（星期） 答题时间：120分钟。 考试地点： 考试形式：闭卷 Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks. (15%, 1 point for each blank) (1) Technical writing is a form of , a type of , an interactive that involves writers and readers who response to one another. (2) Some reports might present the to solve a business problem; other reports might record that will be useful to assist in future decision making. Either way, is being “reported” that will be useful in making decisions. (3) Doing a business, it usually includes and replies, , orders and their fulfillment, terms of payment, and , etc. (4) A business report conveys information to assist in . It may be long or short, , public or private, or reported on special occasions. (5) Technical writing has many forms, including letters, , reports, , presentations, and . Ⅱ. Multiple choices (15%, 1.5 point for each one)
A012·00097（通卡） 绝密★启用前 2019年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 外贸英语写作 （课程代码00097） 注意事项： 1.本试卷分为两部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为非选择题。 2.应考者必须按试题顺序在答题卡（纸）指定位置上作答，答在试卷上无效。 3.涂写部分、画图部分必须使用2B铅笔，书写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔。 第一部分选择题 一、单项选择题：本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。 1.He is more talented and active than in our department. A.anyone B.anyone else C.else anyone D.anybody 2.Most people considerto be responsible citizens. A.themselves B.himself C.they D.their 3.If you write checks，your service charges will decline. A.less B.least C.fewest D.fewer 4.Because of air pollution being greatly reduced，this city is still . A.lived in as a good place B.lived as a good place C.a good place to live in D.a good place which to live 5.Of all the books mentioned in the booklist，none available ecently. A.is B.has heen C.are D.have
1. 成功的四个步骤Four Steps to a Successful Four Steps to a Successful The first time in life? Then grasp your chance with your perfect performance o n the dating night, by learning the following principle in heart. Dress properly. While everyone wants to give an impressive debut on the first date, you should avoid wearing something too bizarre to be accepted. If you are st ill in school, a sportswear can fulfill your purpose. For businessman or grownups, c asual clothes are recommended. Never put up your working uniforms,no matter ho w well you like that Armani suit. It is no work. A few accessories such as a pair o f sunglasses or silver loops on the wrist can add up to the romance sphere. Take a bath before dating. And if you like, spray a little perfume, but unless y ou＇re sure that he or she likes the smell,don＇t use ones that are too strong. Watch your manner. You＇re no prince of the Scotland nor Cinderella in the le gend. Proper manners will ensure a lasting relationship while bad ones scare away your sweetheart. And do make sure you do not boast about your fortune, for, not everyone are green addicts. And your way of smiling, or your greatestoath, should neither be "coy" nor "by St. Loy!" after the nun in Chaucer. Be a little sensitive than merely innocent. Do make sure you do not intrude hi s or her privacy on the first date. For there maybe something deeply concealed wit hin the inner core of every heart, of which the owner doesn＇t share often with an yone but his intimacy. Finally, wish you good luck. May you get your hearts combined and start a ne w journey in the miracle of life and love. Stay tuned till a borderline is reached, an d keep on through out the whole way. 简评看来第一次约会真是令人兴奋并紧张期待的。为第一次约会所提出的建议也是仁者见仁、智者见智。王永同学用词简单、结构精炼，读起来节奏快，例如：“Dress Properly．．．．I f you are still in school，a sportswear can fulfill your purpose．For businessman Or growmups，casual clothes are recommended．”这样的文章结构像是在提醒我们时不我待，要抓住机会，抓紧时间。 2. 我的宿舍生活My Dormitory Life My Dormitory Life Compared with the forty year old shabby dormitory I am living in now, the one I lived in for three years in high school was heaven: three students shared o ne brand new suite with air conditioners and a bathroom. In three years time we changed it thoroughly:the color of the floor turned from bright pink into muddy gray, and the closet a hive of insects proliferating among p
期末考试英语作文 导读：Yesterday, I took the final exam of this term. I worked hard to prepare for it, but I was still nervous. I was afraid that I couldn’t do it well. I had three exams, Chinese, math and English. In the morning, it was the Chinese. It was not so difficult for me that I was sure I could be good in it. Then, it was math in the afternoon. It’s the part I was afraid of most. Not surprised, I met some troubles in math exam. But I still hope they wouldn’t be serious. I am good at English, so I didn’t worry about it. I knew I can do well in it. In short, the final exam was not so hard for me and I am quite sure the scores will be perfect. 昨天，我参加了这学期的期末考试。虽然我很努力备考，但是考前我依然很紧张，我怕自己考不好。有三门考试，分别是语文、数学和英语。第一天早上考语文，这对我来说不算难，我相信自己能考好。下午考数学，这是我最怕的一科。不出意料，考试的时候果然碰到难题了，但我希望不会错得太离谱。英语是我的`强项，所以我没有担心英语科目，我知道我会有优异的表现。总的来说，期考对于我来说并不算太难，我相信自己能考出好成绩。 【期末考试英语作文】 1.期末考试的英语日记 2.2015高一英语作文:期末考试话题作文
商务英语写作期末考试模拟题
商务英语写作期末考试模拟题 I. Multiple Choices (单选题). (30%, 2 point each) 1. John is fatter than __________ of the other boys in class. He is the fattest. A. some B. that C. any D. many 2. We ordered the above computers ______ 18 January, and they still have not arrived. A. in B. on C. for D. by 3. –Will you stay for lunch? --Sorry, _________. My brother is
coming to see me. A. I mustn’t B. I needn’t C. I can’t D. I won’t 4. Hundreds of jobs _________ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 5. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People ___________ to ask how I am going to spend the money. A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 6. __________ still for a moment, please? I want to take a photograph of
初中英语期末考试写作40个常考加分句型 1、主语+ cannot emphasize the importance of … too much.(再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。) 例如：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性都不为过。 2、 There is no need for sb to do sth. / for sth.(某人没有必要做……) 例如：There is no need for you to bring more food. 不需你拿来更多的食物了。 3、 By +doing…，主语+can …. (借着……，……能够……) 例如：By taking exercise， we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。 4、… enable + sb.+ to + do…. (……使……能够……) 例如：Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。 5、 On no account can we + do…. (我们绝对不能……)。 例如：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。 6、 What will happen to sb.？(某人将会怎样？) 例如：What will happen to the orphan？ 那个孤儿将会怎样？ 7、 For the past + 时间，主语 + 现在完成式/现在完成进行时…. (过去……时间来，……一直……) 例如：For the past two years，I have been busy preparing for the examination. 过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
大学商务英语写作考试 复习题 https://www.doczj.com/doc/b88680117.html,work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR
商务英语复习题 1.What information should be contained in the first information section of a resume? A.the job objective B.family history and gender identification C.the date D.contect information 2.Which of the following is a “6C” A.Colorfulness B.Concreteness https://www.doczj.com/doc/b88680117.html,fortability https://www.doczj.com/doc/b88680117.html,patibility 3.What is the first thing to appear on a bussiness letter A.the date B.the letterhead C.the inside address D.the attention line 4.When writing the date on a business letter you should take care to do what? A.make sure you always put the year first before the month and day B.always use only numbers in the date field C.make sure you always put the month first before the date and year D.spell out the month 5.How many spaces are needed between the complimentary close of a letter and the typed name of the person writing the letter? A.3 B.2 C.4 D. as many as needed 6.What should you do if you are worried that the reader of a request you are asking will not honor your request? A.write the letter in an indirect style B.write the letter in a direct style C.ask them to please grant your request D.be forceful and demand they honor your request
[0846]《英语写作》 第一次作业 [论述题] Define the following writing terms 1 Outline 2 Thesis sentence 3 Narration 4Description 参考答案： 1. a general explanation or description of the content of a discourse; the details being omitted. Roughly speaking, there are three types of outlines: the topic, the sentence and the paragraph outlines. All entries in a topic outline are nouns, noun phrases, gerund phrases or infinitive phrases. All entries in a sentence outline, however, are complete sentences. These two types must not be mixed. A paragraph outline provides something like the topic sentences of the paragraphs of the discourse. A few rules must be observed when one writes an outline. (1) The thesis must be a complete declarative sentence. It is general and objective. (2) Do not use single subdivisions. If "I” appears, "II” or "III” must also appear. If there is an "A,” there must be a "B” at least. (3) Do not mix a topic outline with a sentence outline. (4) A formal outline follows a strict parallelism. The following is the skeleton of a possible sample outline. Thesis statement: (a sentence stating the controlling idea of the discourse) I. Introduction II. Main idea Sub-idea Sub-idea Supporting detail Supporting detail Fact 1 Fact 2 III. Main idea Sub-idea Sub-idea Supporting detail Supporting detail Supporting detail Sub-idea IV. Conclusion 2. the sentence that states the main thought of the whole essay
大学英语作文优秀范文三篇 下面小编为大家带来大学英语作文优秀范文三篇，欢迎大家学习! 大学英语作文优秀范文：科学技术在现代生活中的位置 Human life can not continue without science and technology. For many years, human society has developed with the advance of science and technology while the development of science and technology has in turn brought the process to mankind. So the life we are living now is more civilized than that of our fore fathers. 没有科学技术，人类的生活不能继续。多年来，随着科学技术的发展，人类社会的发展也在不断地发展，人类社会的发展也给人类带来了过程。所以我们现在的生活比我们的父辈更加文明。 The development of science and technology have brought about many changes in peoples life. For example, the invention of television and space rocket have opened a new era for mankind. Through the use of TV people can hear the sound and learn the events happening thousands of miles away. Owing to the invention of spaceship and rocket, the dream of mans landing on the moon has now come true. 科学技术的发展给人们的生活带来了许多变化。例如，电视和太空火箭的发明为人类开启了一个新纪元。通过电视，人们可以听到声
Part I Multiple Choice(15%) Directions: There are 15 incomplete statements in this part. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best ONE to complete the statement. (1’x 15=15’) 1. According to the rules of writing a title, “__________” is correct. A. The Way To Improve Our English-Speaking Ability B. My View on the Negative Effects of Ads C. the Myth of a Negro Literature D. the war of Independence 2. Which of the following sentences has punctuation error? A. The alarm clock sounded, the students got up quickly. B. The alarm clock sounded; the students got up quick. C. The alarm clock sounded. The students got up quickly. D. When the alarm clock sounded, the students got up quickly. 3. __________ does not contain in the principles of “choice of words”. A. Accuracy B. Arbitrariness C. Appropriateness D. Conciseness 4. What kind of figures of speech(修辞格)is used in the sentence “This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.”? A. Metaphor B. Personification C. Simile D. Hyperbole 5. During the TV interview, the singer announced that he was going to _____his new album soon. A.release B. renew C. relieve D. rehearse 6. Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, __________ to find it locked. A. only B. just C. hence D. thus 7. As I’ll be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate __________ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along. A. hearing B. to hear C. to be hearing D. having heard 8. An introductory paragraph should arouse the reader’s interest and __________ the main idea of the essay. A. ignore B. introduce C. develop D. emphasize 9. Which of the following sentences contains a dangling modifier? A. Coming up the hall, I heard the clock struck 10. B. While Wendy was driving on Greenwood Avenue yesterday afternoon, a tree began to fall toward her car. C. When I was ten, my grandfather died. D. None of the above.
机密★启用前 大连理工大学网络教育学院 大工20春《商务英语写作-精品课程》课程考试 期末考试复习题 ☆注意事项：本复习题满分共：400分 一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分） 1.Please let us know which of our products _______. A. you are interested B. are you interested C. they are interested D. you are interested in 2.We ______ your name and address _______ the Chinese Embassy in Bonn. A. are learning….from B. have learned ….from C. have come to know….of D. have been given ….from 3.We are now enclosing a price list for all the items you _______ in your letter under reply. A. required B. inquired about C. said D. informed 4.If you are prepared to increase your ______ to 15%, we shall be pleased to purchase the complete stock. A. price B. discount C. sales volume D. cost 5. A recent market survey reveals that such articles are no longer __________. A. in demand B. demanded C. on demand D. for demand 6. We will do our best to _______ shipment to meet your requirements in time. A. comply B. make C. expediting D. arranged 7. Any loss or damage noticed when the goods are delivered must be reported to the ______ at the time, otherwise he will not be responsible for it. A. consignor B. consignee C. shipper D. carrier 8. For all the remaining items the stated dates of delivery are approximate, but _______ would these dates be exceeded by more that ten days. A. in no case B. in any case C. by all means D. under any circumstances 9. Your failure to open the L/C in time will ________impossible for us to deliver goods within the
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要(2017宁波模拟) Many Chinese students have studied English for approximately ten years, but most of them cannot even speak English correctly or fluently. In my opinion, there are several obstacles that have caused this to happen. The main obstacle is fear! Another is the habit of mentally translating from Chinese to English and then to change these thoughts into spoken words and sentences. Many of these difficulties are caused by the way Chinese people study and learn the language. We must learn to speak as a child does. When we are learning a second language we need to remember how we learned our native language. Learning to understand and speak a language is one of the first skills a child develops. How does a child learn the language? He listens for a time and then he tries to repeat the words. Parents give great praise for the smallest effort and slightest improvement. Therefore, the child develops courage and is excited about learning. It takes a long time before he knows anything about grammar, spelling or formal sentence structures. As for language teachers, they should avoid criticism and be very encouraging and generous with praise. Criticism or pointing out faults too often causes students to lose self-confidence and develop a fear of speaking. The best way to motivate a student is using praise. The most important aspect of speaking is having good self-esteem. Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself. When most Chinese people are asked how their English is, or they are told their English is very good, they immediately respond by saying, "Oh my English is very poor." If you say this to yourself often enough, you will believe it. When someone compliments（称赞）you, just say "thank you". __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 共（）词