Have的用法
一、have作实意动词。
1.表示“有”的意思。
Look, I have wings, just like you.
He had fair hair and blue eyes.
〔注1〕：其否定和疑问形式变化，在美国通常用助动词do。
〔注2〕：在英国口语中常用have got代替have.
Look, can’t you see I've got teeth, too?
I haven't got any jewelry.
2.have和一些其他名词连用，表示：
(1)一种活动。
We have no classes on Sunday.（上课）
They’re going to have a volleyball match.（举行比赛）
Are we going to have a meeting this week?（开会）
We are going to have a talk this afternoon.（听报告）
(2)患病。
I have got a headache.
I have a bad cold.
(3)发生的情况。
I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.（跌跤）
(4)生育。
The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer.
3.和一与动词同形的名词连用，表示一个动作（have＋a＋由动词转化和名词）。
Are you going to have a swim.
I have a long talk with the teacher.
4.have on sth.或have sth. on，表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)。
I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.
At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on.
5.表示“吃”、“喝”。
I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.
Does she have lunch at home?
6.组成复合结构即“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。
(1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb. do sth.)，表示让、叫某人做某事。
The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.
〔注〕：否定结构表示“不能让…”或“从未有人…”.
We won't have you blame it on others.
She had never had anybody speak to her that way before.
(2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing)，表示让（使）某人做某事。
…the two men had their lights burning all night long….
(3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb. (sth.)done)，表示：
①使（让，请）别人作某事，表示的动作是别人做的。
Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.
…he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.
②遭遇到某事。
Houses near airports sometimes have their windows broken.
Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine.
二、have与to一起构成情态动词，表示“不得不”、“必须”，可用于各种时态。
I have to look after her at home.
三、have做助动词与动词的过去分词一起构成现在完成时和过去完成时。
Great changes have taken place the last two years.
They said that the Arab had stolen their camel.
四、have用于“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的结构，有推测、假设之意。
1.must＋have＋过去分词，表示对过去时间发生的动作或存在的情况的推测，一般用于肯定句。
Her father thought that she must have met a fairy.
You must have left your bag in the theatre.
2.can(could)＋have＋过去分词，表示对过去发生事情的“不肯定”，常用于否定句和疑问句。
He can't have been to your home, he doesn't know your address.
3.should＋have＋过去分词，表示“某事本该早做而实际未做”，用于肯定句。
You should have been here five minutes ago.
五、have用于某些成语，表示固定的意思。
1.have a word(a few words)with sb.，表示和某人说一（几）句话。
Where's Peter? I want to have a word with him.
2.had better＋不带to的动词不定式，表示“…最好…”。
I'd better go and look for him now.
3.have nothing(something)to do with，表示“和…无（有）”关系。
Most of questions had nothing to do with Edison's lessons.
by的用法小结： 1、介词prep. 在…旁；靠近 · Our teacher was sitting by the window. 我们的老师正坐在窗户旁边。 · Stand by me! 站到我的身旁来！ · We spent our holiday by the sea. 我们在海边度假。 2、介词prep. 经过 · He walked by me without speaking. 他走过我的身旁，没有说话。 · My brother goes by the building every day. 我弟弟每天从这楼旁走过。 3、介词prep. 用；靠；通过 using (showing who or what did something) · I know it by heart. 我把它记在心头。 · They can read by touch. 他们可以通过手摸来阅读。 · By getting up early, I can have an hour for reading English in the morning. 靠起得早，我每天早晨有一小时时间阅读英语。 4、介词prep. 不迟于 not later than · I shall be back by 5 o'clock. 最迟五点我一定回来。 · How many English parties had you had by the end of last term? 到上学期末，你们举行了几次英语晚会？ 5、介词prep. 通过；沿着 through; along; over
· We came through the fields, not by the road. 我们是穿过田野而不是沿那条路来的。· to send a letter by post 通过邮局寄信 6、介词prep. （表示作者）被；由 word that shows the author, painter, etc. · Thirty divided by two is fifteen. 三十除以二得十五。 · The child was saved by a PLA man. 这孩子是由一位解放军战士救活的。 · This bridge was built by the soldiers. 这座桥是士兵们造的。 7、介词prep. （指交通等）乘；用 word that shows what kind of transport, etc. · The man came by bus. 那人是坐公共汽车来的。 · They went to Shanghai by air. 他们坐飞机去上海。 8、介词prep. 在…情况下；在…时间during · Do you prefer travelling by day or by night? 你喜欢在白天还是在夜晚旅行？ 9、介词prep. （表示部分）在…部位word that shows which part · She led the child by the hand. 她拉着孩子的手往前走。 10、副词adv. 在旁边
一. time的短语 from time to time 有时 on time 准时寸,in time 及时寸; all the time 始终，一直; at the same time 同时, ahead of time 提前 at no time 绝不 some time 一段时间 sometime在某一时候”可用来指过去或将来 sometimes （at times, from time to time）有时，不时” at a time （a time）
at one time （once） at times ( sometimes) in no time (immediately ) 立刻，马上; have a good/nice time (enjoy on eself) 过的愉快 for the time being 暂时” “ Many a time/many times 多次 take one ' s time容 kill time消磨时间 【活学活用】选出与画线部分意思相同或相近的选项 1. Jim comes to visit us from time to time. That' always the happiest time for the family. A. on time B. sometime
C. at times D. some times 2．At no time ______ study though __ ___great progress. A. should we give up; we have made B. shouldn 'w t e give up; we have made C. we should give up; we have made D. we shouldn 'g t ive up; have we made 3. ---When shall we visit the Science Museum?” --- ________ next week. ” A. Sometime B. Sometimes C. Some time D. Sometimes 答案：1. C2.A 3A 二．time 相关从属连词高考常考点 1. every time / each time 每次Every time I call on him, he is out.
have和has的用法有哪些 1、谓语动词have表示“有”,有两种形式:have和has,前者用于第一人称(I,we),第二人称(you)和第三人称复数(they),后者用于第三人称单数(he,she,it)或单数名词。 如：I have an apple and he has two bananas.我有一个苹果,他有两个香蕉。 2、have/has句型与there be句型的比较:两者都表示“有”,但用法不同。前者表示所属关系,即表示“某人或某物有什么”,而后者表示存在,表示“某地有什么”。 如：They have some new books.他们有一些新书。 3、have/ has的否定句,一般要加助动词do/does,再加not构成,即do not have (don’t have)/does not have (doesn’t have) 如：We don’t have any classes on Saturday.我们星期六没有课。 4、一般疑问句由“助动词Do/ Does + 主语+ have + 宾语”构成,回答用Yes, … do/ does.或者No, … don’t/ doesn’t. 如：--Do you have a big house?他们的房子大吗? 5、特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词+助动词do/does+have(+状语)构成。 如：What do they have?他们有什么? 2have和has的区别 have一般在主语是I,you或主语是复数的时候用，而has在主语是he,she 的时候用，但have都表示“有”。have用于主语是非第三人称单数，如：we/they/you/I等。如：I have a pen.
havesth.done等四种句型用法差异最全面总结 have sth. done，have sb. do , have sb./sth. doing与have sth. to do 等四种句型的区别 Thanks to: 许氏英语教学暨研究工作室 一、Have sth. done可表示四种不同的语法意义 （1）（主语）请/派别人完成某事。 例：①I had(=got) that door painted last week.上星期我请人把那扇门做了油漆。 ②I had(=got) my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我请人补了牙。 （2）（主语）完成某事（可能参与）。 例：①they are going to have (=got) some threes planted.他们打算植些树。 ②we must have (=got) the work finished by Tuesday.我们必 须在星期二以前完成此项工作。 （3）（主语）遭受某种不幸的情况。 例：①I had my hat blown off.我的帽子被（风）吹掉了。 ②I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.下车时我的腿子摔断了。
(4) 用于否定句中，表示“不允许….”“不让”。 例：①I won’t have anything said against her.我不会允许有任何反对她的言论。 ②I won’t have my house turned into a hotel.不不会让我的房子变成一个旅馆。 二、have sb. do表示四种含意 （1）（主语）请/派别人完成某事。可以用“get sb. to do”结构来替换。 例：①I had him repair my bike. （=I got him to repair my bike.）我请他修理自行车。 ②Don’t forget to have him come.别忘了叫他来。 （2）表示主语无意识的行为，这时“have”作“有”解。例：These small animals seem glad to have people visit them. （3）表示主语“经历”某事。 例：He had his mother die.他遭丧母。 （4）在否定句中作“容忍”“允许”解。 例：I won’t have you say such things about her.我不允许你说她这样的话。 三、have sb./sth. doing 表示两种含意或者说一种含意。（1）在肯定句中常表示“让某人做某事”，“让某情况发生”之意，含有动作正在进行之意。 例：①he soon had them all laughing. 他很快让他们都笑了起
with用法小结 一、with表拥有某物 Mary married a man with a lot of money . 马莉嫁给了一个有着很多钱的男人。 I often dream of a big house with a nice garden . 我经常梦想有一个带花园的大房子。 The old man lived with a little dog on the lonely island . 这个老人和一条小狗住在荒岛上。 二、with表用某种工具或手段 I cut the apple with a sharp knife . 我用一把锋利的刀削平果。 Tom drew the picture with a pencil . 汤母用铅笔画画。 三、with表人与人之间的协同关系 make friends with sb talk with sb quarrel with sb struggle with sb fight with sb play with sb work with sb cooperate with sb I have been friends with Tom for ten years since we worked with each other, and I have never quarreled with him . 自从我们一起工作以来，我和汤姆已经是十年的朋友了，我们从没有吵过架。 四、with 表原因或理由 John was in bed with high fever . 约翰因发烧卧床。 He jumped up with joy . 他因高兴跳起来。 Father is often excited with wine . 父亲常因白酒变的兴奋。 五、with 表“带来”，或“带有,具有”，在…身上，在…身边之意
be/get/become used to 习惯于 be related to 与…有关系 be addicted to 沉溺于；对…上瘾 be opposed to 反对 devote oneself to献身于；专心于 be devoted to 致力于；忠诚于 be admitted to 被…录取；准进入 be reduced to 沦为 reduce…to…使…沦为 be attached to附属于；喜欢；依恋 be adjusted to 适应 be sentenced to被判处 be exposed to 暴露于；遭受 be/become/ get accustomed to//accustomed to 惯于；有…习惯be engaged to 与…订婚 get down to 着手做 lead to 导致 object to反对；不喜欢；不赞成 give rise to 引起 stick to 坚持； see to 负责；注意 contribute to对…作贡献；有助于 make contributions to对…作贡献 apply oneself to 致力于 in addition to除…之外 turn to转向；求助于 look up to 尊敬 belong to 属于 take to 喜爱；开始 respond to 回答；对…作出回应 amount to等于 refer to 谈到；参考；查阅 turn a blind eye to对…视而不见 turn a deaf ear to 对…充耳不闻 show honour to向…表示敬意 propose a toast to 提议…… set fire to 放火烧…… occur to sb. 想起；想到 hold to 坚持；抓住 help oneself to 随便用…… hold on to 抓住；固守
have与has都是“有”的意思,但二者用法是有区别的. 在陈述句中,当主语是单数第三人称（he、she、it）时,句子的谓语是“有”时,用has；当主语是其他人称（I、you、we、they）时,句子的谓语是“有”时,用have. 例句：I \ You have an apple . We\They have some apples . He\She has a pen . 但是,在疑问句中,当主语是就单数第三人称提问或否定句时用助动词does 和does not (doesn't),然后把has 变成have 如果不是第三人称,助动词就是do ,否定式do not (don't).特殊疑问句回答照样,该是has 还是has 该是have 还是have 但是当一般疑问句以do 或does开头的时候,只能回答do dont 或者does doesn't 例句： Do you have a book yes ,I do /No ,I don't What does a cat have the cat has a , He doesnt have any coffee. 就是第二种：have本身也可以作为助动词,(作为完成时里的助动词)本身无词义,和do 一样,has 就相当于does 在单三情况下用,主要用于构成各种时态、语态、语气以及否定和疑问结构.（那此时的have还是has就要看具体的人称而定）完成时态是have/had + done (过去分词的形式) I have finished my work,she has finished her work have you finished your work?has she finished her work?在一般疑问句里回答直接用have/has yes,i have/ No ,i haven't Yes,she has/ No,she hasn't(因为这里have/has是助动词) have 是动词原形i have,we have,you have,they have,to have...
在英语单词中，have本身包含具体的词意"有"，还可以用作助动词，这也是广大学生同胞们在做关于have的翻译疑问句时经常纠结的地方。更重要的是have可以和很多单词构成短语，下面我们就为同学全面归纳“have+宾语+非谓语动词”这一结构的用法。 一、have + 宾语+ 不定式 该结构中have的基本意思是“有” 1. 表示有某事要做，其中的不定式为定语。如： She didn’t have the courage to refuse. 她没有勇气拒绝。 2. 表示因为有A结果发生了B，其中的不定式为结果状语。如： I had the luck to find him at home. 我真幸运，找他时他正在家。 二、have + 宾语+ 动词原形 该结构中的动词原形，实为省略了to的不定式，用作宾语补足语，其中的have为使役动词。该结构的主要用法有： 1. 表示叫(请、使、让)某人做某事。如： He had his son clean the car. 他叫他的儿子擦车。 2. 表示容忍或允许某人做某事(用于否定句，尤与won’t, can’t连用)。如：
I won’t have you tell me what to do. 我不能让你对我做的事指手划脚。 三、have + 宾语+ 现在分词 该结构中的现在分词用作宾语补足语，其中的have为使役动词。该结构的主要用法有： 1. 表示使(让)某人(某事物)一直做在做某事或处于做某事的状态之中。如： She had her audience listening attentively. 她使听众听得入神。 2. 表示容忍或允许某人做某事(用于否定句，尤与won’t, can’t连用)。如： I won’t have you smoki ng at your age. 我不能让你在这个年纪就抽烟。 3. 说服或命令某人做某事。如： He had me doing all kinds of jobs for her. 他叫我为她做各种事情。 四、have + 宾语+ 过去分词 该结构的最大特点就是，其中的过去分词与其前的宾语有被动关系。具体说来，该结构有以下主要用法： 1. 表示请(让)别人做某事。如： We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。
I t的用法总结 一. 代词: 1)指代上文 2)指代this/that 3)指代未知性别的婴儿或孩子或身份不明的人 4）指代时间/地点/天气/温度/距离/环境 1.It gets dark very early in the winter. 2.What will you call it if it’s a boy 3.I love spring---It’s a wonderful time of the year. 4.It’s less than 100 kilometres from here to Jinan. 5.When the factory closes, it will mean 500 people losing their jobs. 6.What’s this It’s a cat. 7.It has snowed much this year. (1)The book in your bag is very interesting. Can I borrow (2) The book in your bag is more interesting than ______ on the desk. (3) The weather here is much colder than____ in Nanjing. (4) The books are free. You can take____ free of charge. (5) The books in the bag are better than _____ on the desk.
专题之have 的用法小结 have作实意动词。一、 1.表示“有”的意思。 Look, I have wings, just like you. He had fair hair and blue eyes. 〔注1〕：其否定和疑问形式变化，在美国通常用助动词do。〔注2〕：在英国口语中常用have got代替have. 和一些其他名词连用，表示： (1)一种活动。 We have no classes on Sunday.（上课） they're going to have a volleyball match.（举行比赛） Are we going to have a meeting this week（开会） We are going to have a talk this afternoon.（听报告） (2)患病。 I have got a headache. 发生的情况。(3) I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.（跌跤） (4)生育。 The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer. 3.和一与动词同形的名词连用，表示一个动作（have＋a＋由动词转化和名词）。
Are you going to have a swim. I have a long talk with the teacher. on sth.或have sth. on，表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)。 I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.(SBⅡL6) At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on. 5.表示“吃”、“喝”。 I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs. Does she have lunch at home？ 。”＋宾语＋宾语补足语“have组成复合结构即6. (1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb. do sth.)，表示让、叫某人做某事。 The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. 〔注〕：否定结构表示“不能让…”或“从未有人…”. We won't have you blame it on others. She had never had anybody speak to her that way before. (2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing)，表示让（使）某人做某事。 …the two men had their lights burning all night long…. (3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb. (sth.)done)，表示： ①使（让，请）别人作某事，表示的动作是别人做的。 Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up. …he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for
have 的用法小结 一、have作实意动词。 1.表示“有”的意思。 Look, I have wings, just like you. (JBⅤL1) He had fair hair and blue eyes. (JBⅥL2) 〔注1〕：其否定和疑问形式变化，在美国通常用助动词do。 〔注2〕：在英国口语中常用have got代替have. Look, can’t you see I've got teeth, too,(JBⅤL1) I haven't got any jewelry.(SBⅠL5) 2.have和一些其他名词连用，表示： (1)一种活动。 We have no classes on Sunday.（上课）(JBⅡL11) they’re going to have a volleyball match.（举行比赛）(JBⅢL11) Are we going to have a meeting this week?（开会）(JBⅢL11) We are going to have a talk this afternoon.（听报告）(JBⅢL11) (2)患病。 I have got a headache.(JBⅣL8) I have a bad cold.(JBⅤL3) (3)发生的情况。 I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.（跌跤）(JBⅣL10) (4)生育。 The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer.(SBⅠL14) 3.和一与动词同形的名词连用，表示一个动作（have＋a＋由动词转化和名词）。 Are you going to have a swim.(JBⅢL1) I have a long talk with the teacher.(JBⅣL10) 4.have on sth.或have sth. on，表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)。 I notice d he had on bedroom slippers.(SBⅡL6) At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on. 5.表示“吃”、“喝”。 I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.(JBⅢL10) Does she have lunch at home?(JBⅡL11) 6.组成复合结构即“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。 (1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb. do sth.)，表示让、叫某人做某事。 The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.(SBⅠL17) 〔注〕：否定结构表示“不能让…”或“从未有人…”. We won't have you blame it on others. She had never had anybody speak to her that way before. (2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing)，表示让（使）某人做某事。 …the two men had their lights burning all night long…. (3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb. (sth.)done)，表示： ①使（让，请）别人作某事，表示的动作是别人做的。 Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.(SBⅠL10) …he should have n ew clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.(SBⅠL8)
use的用法小结 1. used to do sth.意为"过去常常做某事"，它表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，而现在已不再发生或存在。这个短语含有今昔对比之意，其否定形式常用used not to或didn't use to。反意疑问句中应该用did/didn't或used/usedn't。例如： I used to swim in this river when I was young.我年轻时常在这条河里游泳。 They used to be good friends, didn't they?他们过去是好朋友，是吗？ 2. be used to sth. / doing sth.意为"习惯、适应某事/做某事"，它表示习惯于某一客观事实或状态，其中to是介词，后面跟名词、代词或动名词；be used可用于多种时态；如强调动作可用get或become替换be。例如： Old people are used to getting up early in the morning.老年人习惯早晨很早起床。 I wasn't used to city life, but now I have got used to living in this city.我以前不习惯都市生活，但现在我已习惯住在这座城市了。 3. be used to do sth.意为"被用来做某事"，其中use表"使用"之意，是被动语态形式，to是动词不定式符号。例如： Wood can be used to make paper.树木可以用来造纸。、 4. be used for...意为"被当做……",其中use表"使用"之意，是被动语态形式。例如： The seal's fur can be used for coats.海豹皮可当做大衣用。
动词have(has)的用法 have用于第一人称（I, we)，第二人称(you), 及第三人称复数（they）；has用于第三人称单数（he, she, it)或单数名词。 1. have的用法总结 （1）have作“有”讲，强调“所属关系”，含有“拥有”之意。其主语一般是人，有时也可以是物。 They have many new books. 他们有许多新书。 Wei Hua has a little brother. 魏华有个小弟弟。 This table has four legs. 这张桌子有四条腿。 （2）have可以作“买”讲。 I want to have a kilo of beef. 我想买一公斤牛肉。 May I have a new pen 我可以买支新笔吗 （3）have作“用、使用”讲 Excuse me, may I have your bike, please 打扰了，我可以用（借用）你的自行车吗（4）have+表示动作的名词（这类名词常由同形的动词转化而来），意为“做（某事）”（=do sth. )。 have a drink (of…) 喝一点（……） have a look(at…) （朝……）看一眼 have a rest 休息一下 have a swim 游泳 这些短语常用于口语，这里的have可以用take替换。 （5）have+表示一日三餐的名词，意为“用餐”。 have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭。 have dinner吃饭，吃晚饭。 （6）have+表示食品、饮料等的名词，意为“吃；喝”（=eat, drink）。 如： have(some) bread 吃面包 have eggs(for breakfast) （早餐）吃鸡蛋 have(a cup of )tea 喝（一杯）茶 这里的have也可以用take替换。 （7）have+表示某种活动的名词，意为“进行；举行”。 如： have a class （学生）上课 have a sports meeting 开运动会 have a party 举行聚会 （8）have+表示疾病的名词，意为“患（病）”，有时也用have got。 have a bad cold 患重感冒 have (got) a cough 咳嗽 have(got) a headache 头痛 （9）have+表示一段时间的名词，表示“经历；度过”。 have a good time 度过快乐的时光，玩得愉快 have a good summer holiday度过愉快的暑假。 （10）have意为“邀请；招待”。 Thank you for having me. 感谢你们邀请我。 We are having friends for dinner. 我们要请朋友们吃饭。 2. have/has的句型转换： （1否定句主语+don't (doesn't)+have +…。 例： We don't have any water here. 我们这儿没有水。
__________________________________________________ 复习：have的用法及否定句、一般疑问句的变法。 ①have的意思是：________，它的单数形式是：_______。have是_______词。 例如：我有许多好朋友。_____ _____ many good friends.他有许多好朋友。_____ _____ many good friends. ②把下列两道题改为否定句： 1、I have many good friends：_____________________________ 总结：have 的句子改为否定句要_____________________________________________________________ __ 2、He has a dog：_________________________ 总结：has的句子改为否定句要_____________________________________ 同样的道理：请将下列两道题改为一般疑问句： I have many good friends：_____________________________ 总结：______________________________________ He has a dog：_________________________ 总结：________________________________________________________ 练习： 一、用have的正确形式填空： 1、He_____two brothers. 2、I_____a beautiful picture. 3、Betty_____ a lovely dog. 4、They_____some friends here. 二、请将下列的句子改为否定句和一般疑问句。 1-3题改为否定句：1、He has two brothers. ___________________________________________________ 2、I have a beautiful picture. ___________________________________________________ 3、Betty has some friends here. ___________________________________________________ 4-6题改为一般疑问句：4、They have a good teacher. _________________________________肯定回答：_________________ 5、I have some cards. __________________________________________否定回答：____________________ 6、Tony has a sister. __________________________________________否定回答：____________________ 三、请用所给词的适当形式填空。 1、I _________ （have）a brother，but I_________ （not have）a
古汉语“然”的用法 一、动词 1.“燃”的古字，本义“燃烧”。《说文解字》：“然，烧也。” 二、形容词。常用于对话之中，意思是“是的”、“对的”。此外，也可用在一般句子中作谓语，一般译为“对”。例如： ①太后曰：“然．。”（《战国策·赵策四》）“是的” ②雍之言然．。（《论语·雍也》）“对” 注意：文言文中，形容词“然”还可以活用作动词，表示赞成或同意，有“以……为然”的意思， 即“认为是”、“认为对”的意思。 ①沛公然．其计,从之。（《史记·高祖本纪》） ②成然．之。（《聊斋志异·促织》） 三、代词。指示代词，相当于“这样”、“如此”等。 ①虽有槁暴，不复挺者，輮使之然．也。（《荀子·劝学》） ②不然．，籍何以至此？（《史记·项羽本纪》） 四、连词 １、表转折 “然”作连词，由指示代词用法虚化而来，主要表示转折关系。一般用于复句中后一分句的开头，可译为“可是”、“但是”等。例如： ①缓曰：“自始合，苟有险，余必下推车。子岂识之？——然．子病矣！”（《左传·成公二年》） ②周勃厚重少文，然．安刘氏者必勃也。（《史记·高祖本纪》） ２、表承接 “然”表示承接关系，一般可译为“那么就”、“就”等。例如： ①吾得斗升之水然．活耳。（《庄子·外物》） 五、助词 １、用在形容词之后，作形容词词尾，表示“……样子”，一般可译为“……地”。例如： ①蒋氏大戚，汪然．出涕曰……（柳宗元《捕蛇者说》） ②杂然．相许。（《列子·汤问》） ２、用在名词或短语之后，前面有“若”、“如”、“犹”等词与之照应，可译为“……的样子”、“……一般”、“……那样”。 ①其人视端容寂，若听茶声然．。（魏学《核舟记》） ②夫子若有不豫色然．。（《孟子·公孙丑下》） ③闵子侍侧，訚訚(yin)如也；子路，行行如也；冉有、子贡，侃侃如也。子乐。若由也，不得其死然．。（《论语·先进》）
复习：have的用法及否定句、一般疑问句的变法。 ①have的意思是：________，它的单数形式是：_______。have是_______词。 例如：我有许多好朋友。_____ _____ many good friends.他有许多好朋友。_____ _____ many good friends. ②把下列两道题改为否定句： 1、I have many good friends：_____________________________ 总结：have 的句子改为否定句要_______________________________________________________________ 2、He has a dog：_________________________ 总结：has的句子改为否定句要_____________________________________同样的道理：请将下列两道题改为一般疑问句： I have many good friends：_____________________________ 总结：______________________________________ He has a dog：_________________________ 总结：________________________________________________________ 练习： 一、用have的正确形式填空： 1、He_____two brothers. 2、I_____a beautiful picture. 3、Betty_____ a lovely dog. 4、They_____some friends here. 二、请将下列的句子改为否定句和一般疑问句。 1-3题改为否定句：1、He has two brothers. ___________________________________________________ 2、I have a beautiful picture. ___________________________________________________ 3、Betty has some friends here. ___________________________________________________ 4-6题改为一般疑问句： 4、They have a good teacher. _________________________________肯定回答：_________________ 5、I have some cards. __________________________________________否定回答：____________________ 6、Tony has a sister. __________________________________________否定回答：____________________ 三、请用所给词的适当形式填空。 1、I _________ （have）a brother，but I_________ （not have）a sister. 2、He _________ （have）a beautiful pen. _________ you_________（have）a pen 3、Lingling _________ （have）an English dictionary. 4、_________ Tony_________（have）a car have got 的用法及否定句、一般疑问句的变法。 ①have got 表示_________________________________ 例：我有一只猫。I have got a cat. have got 的第三人称单数形式是：____________________________ ②have got可以缩写为：_______________ 例如：I have got a cat = ________________________ has got 可以缩写为：_______________ 例如：He has got a cat = ________________________ 练习:请用has got或have got填空。 1、I a bike. 2、He a bike. 3、You a bike. 4、Your sister a bike. 5、We some books. 6、Our
and用法总结： 一、表示并列或对称的关系and可以用来连接语法作用相同的词、短语或句子，可译为“和”、“并”、“又”、“兼”等。如： Lucy and I go to school five days a week. 我和露西每周上五天学。（连接两个并列主语） Y ou must look after yourself and keep healthy.你必须照顾自己并保持身体健康。（连接两个并列谓语） They teach us Chinese and we teach them English.他们教我们汉语，我们教他们英语。（连接两个简单句） 如果连接两个以上的词语，通常把and放在最后一个词语前面；为了强调，可在两者之间分别加上and；把词语连接起来时，通常把较短的词语放在前面。如： I like eggs，meat，rice，bread and milk.我喜欢鸡蛋、肉、米饭、面包和牛奶。 All that afternoon I jumped and sang and did all kinds of things.那天整个下午我又唱又跳，做各种各样的事情。 The apples are big and delicious.苹果又大又好吃。 有些用and连接的词语，次序是固定的，不能随意改变。如： men，women and children男人、妇女和儿童； fish and chips 炸鱼加炸土豆片等。 二、表示目的在口语中，and常用在go，come，try等动词后连接另一个动词，表示目的。此时and相当于to，不必译出。如： Go and see！去看看！ Come and meet the family.来见见这家人。 三、表示条件和结果在祈使句后，常用and连接一个简单句，表示条件与结果的关系，它们在语法上是并列关系，但在意义上却是主从关系，也可译为“如果……就……”。如：Work hard and you will live happily.＝If you work hard，you will live happily.如果你努力工作，你就会活得愉快。 Come early and you will see him.＝If you come early, you will see him.如果你早来的话，你就会见到他。 四、表示承接关系and用在句首，起承上启下的作用，可译为“因此”、“那么”、“于是”等，也可不译。如： And what's this？那么这是什么呢？ And the air today is nice and clean.今天的空气真清新。 五、表示动词的先后关系and常用来连接两个动词或动词词组，后一个动词所表示的动作发生得迟一点。此时and相当于then, 可译为“然后”。如： Then he got out of the lift and climbed up to the fifteenth floor on foot.于是他从电梯里走出来，然后步行爬上第15层楼。 Go along the street，and take the third turning on the right.沿这条街走，然后在第三个路口向右拐。 六、表示动作上的伴随关系and连接两个动词，动作同时发生，前一个动词表示姿势或状态，后一个动词表示伴随动作，and 相当于while，可译为“边……边……”。如：They talked