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A Theory for Observational Fault Tolerance (Extended Abstract)

A Theory for Observational Fault Tolerance (Extended Abstract)
A Theory for Observational Fault Tolerance (Extended Abstract)

to与for的用法和区别

to与for的用法和区别 一般情况下, to后面常接对象; for后面表示原因与目的为多。 Thank you for helping me. Thanks to all of you. to sb.表示对某人有直接影响比如,食物对某人好或者不好就用to; for表示从意义、价值等间接角度来说,例如对某人而言是重要的,就用for. for和to这两个介词,意义丰富,用法复杂。这里仅就它们主要用法进行比较。 1. 表示各种“目的” 1. What do you study English for? 你为什么要学英语? 2. She went to france for holiday. 她到法国度假去了。 3. These books are written for pupils. 这些书是为学生些的。 4. hope for the best, prepare for the worst. 作最好的打算,作最坏的准备。 2.对于 1.She has a liking for painting. 她爱好绘画。 2.She had a natural gift for teaching. 她对教学有天赋/ 3.表示赞成同情,用for不用to. 1. Are you for the idea or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个想法? 2. He expresses sympathy for the common people.. 他表现了对普通老百姓的同情。 3. I felt deeply sorry for my friend who was very ill. 4 for表示因为,由于(常有较活译法) 1 Thank you for coming. 谢谢你来。 2. France is famous for its wines. 法国因酒而出名。 5.当事人对某事的主观看法,对于(某人),对…来说(多和形容词连用)用介词to,不用for.. He said that money was not important to him. 他说钱对他并不重要。 To her it was rather unusual. 对她来说这是相当不寻常的。 They are cruel to animals. 他们对动物很残忍。 6.for和fit, good, bad, useful, suitable 等形容词连用,表示适宜,适合。 Some training will make them fit for the job. 经过一段训练,他们会胜任这项工作的。 Exercises are good for health. 锻炼有益于健康。 Smoking and drinking are bad for health. 抽烟喝酒对健康有害。 You are not suited for the kind of work you are doing. 7. for表示不定式逻辑上的主语,可以用在主语、表语、状语、定语中。 1.It would be best for you to write to him. 2.The simple thing is for him to resign at once. 3.There was nowhere else for me to go. 4.He opened a door and stood aside for her to pass.

because,since,as,for的用法区别

because、since、as、for的用法区别 because、since、as、for这几个词都是表示“原因”的连词,语气由强至弱依次为:because→since→as→for。其中because、since和as均为从属连词,引导原因状语从句;而for是并列连词,引导并列句。 ?because because表示直接原因,它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的,其语气最强。常用来回答why的提问,一般放在主句之后,也可以单独存在例如: (1)Istayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨,我呆在家里。 (2)B ecause Lingling was ill, she didn’t come to school. 玲玲因为生病,没有上学。 (3)—Why is she absent? 她为什么缺席? —Because she is sick. 因为她病了。 (4)此外,在强调句型中只能用because。例如, It was because I missed the early bus that I was late for school. 我上学迟到是因为我错过了早班车。 ?since since侧重主句,从句表示显然的或已为人所知的理由,常译为“因为、既然”,语气比because稍弱,通常置于句首,表示一种含有勉强语气的原因。例如: (1)Si nce he asks you, you’ll tell him why. 他既然问你了,那就告诉他为什么吧。 (2)Si nce everyone is here, let’s start. 既然大家都到齐了,我们就是出发吧。 (3)Since I understood very little Japanese, I c ouldn’t follow the conversation. 我日语懂得不多,因而听不懂对话。 ?as as是常用词,它表示的“原因”是双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因,由于理由不是很重要,含义与since相同,但语气更弱,没有since正式,常译为“由于,鉴于”。从句说明原因,主句说明结果,主从并重。例如:

(完整版)介词for用法归纳

介词for用法归纳 用法1:(表目的)为了。如: They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做? That’s what we’re here for. 这正是我们来的目的。 What’s she gone for this time? 她这次去干什么去了? He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。 【用法说明】在通常情况下,英语不用for doing sth 来表示目的。如: 他去那儿看他叔叔。 误:He went there for seeing his uncle. 正:He went there to see his uncle. 但是,若一个动名词已名词化,则可与for 连用表目的。如: He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。(swimming 已名词化) 注意:若不是表目的,而是表原因、用途等,则其后可接动名词。(见下面的有关用法) 用法2:(表利益)为,为了。如: What can I do for you? 你想要我什么? We study hard for our motherland. 我们为祖国努力学习。 Would you please carry this for me? 请你替我提这个东西好吗? Do more exercise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。 【用法说明】(1) 有些后接双宾语的动词(如buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等),当双宾语易位时,通常用for 来引出间接宾语,表示间接宾语为受益者。如: She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她为她女儿做了件连衣裙。 He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他为我们煮了些土豆。 注意,类似下面这样的句子必须用for: He bought a new chair for the office. 他为办公室买了张新办公椅。 (2) 注意不要按汉语字面意思,在一些及物动词后误加介词for: 他们决定在电视上为他们的新产品打广告。 误:They decided to advertise for their new product on TV. 正:They decided to advertise their new product on TV. 注:advertise 可用作及物或不及物动词,但含义不同:advertise sth=为卖出某物而打广告;advertise for sth=为寻找某物而打广告。如:advertise for a job=登广告求职。由于受汉语“为”的影响,而此处误加了介词for。类似地,汉语中的“为人民服务”,说成英语是serve the people,而不是serve for the people,“为某人的死报仇”,说成英语是avenge sb’s death,而不是avenge for sb’s death,等等。用法3:(表用途)用于,用来。如: Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。 This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。 It’s a machine for slicing bread. 这是切面包的机器。 The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 医生给了她一些感冒药。 用法4:为得到,为拿到,为取得。如: He went home for his book. 他回家拿书。 He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友请教。 She often asked her parents for money. 她经常向父母要钱。

because, since, as与for用法辨析

because, since, as与for用法辨析 1. because的用法 because语气最强,表示直接原因,可用于回答 why 提出的问题、引导表语从句、用于强调句等,而其余三者均不行。如: A:Why didn’t she come? 她为什么没来? B:Because she was very busy. 因为她很忙。 It is because he is clever that I like him. 是因为他聪明我才喜欢他。 2. since与as 两者所表示的原因都是人们已知的,即对已知事实提供理由,而不是表示直接原因。since 比 as 语气稍强,且比 as 略为正式,它们引导的从句通常放在主句之前,有时也放在主句之后。如: As you weren’t there, I left a message. 由于你不在那儿,我留了个口信。 Since you’ve been here a w hile, you might as well stay. 既然你已经来了一段时间,就不妨继续待下去。 另外,since 可用于省略句,而其他三者不行。如: Since so, I have nothing to say. 既然如此,我无话可说。 3. for的用法

for是并列连词,而其余三者为从属连词。for有时可表示因果关系(通常要放在主句之后,且可与 because 换用);有时不表示因果关系,而是对前面分句内容的解释或推断(也要放在主句之后,但不能与because 换用)。比较: The ground is wet,for (=because) it rained last night. 地面是湿的,因为昨晚下过雨。 It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚一定下过雨,你看今天早上地面是湿的。 (此句不能用 because 代 for) 英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法,群里都是说英语,没有半个中文,而且规则非常严格,是一个超级不错的英语学习环境,群里有好多英语超好的超牛逼的人,还有鬼佬和外国美眉。其实坦白说,如果自己一个人学习英语太孤独,太寂寞,没有办法坚持,好几次都会半途而废。只要你加入到那个群里以后,自己就会每天都能在群里坚持学,坚持不停地说和练,由于是付费群,群里的成员学习氛围非常强,每天的训练度都非常猛,本来很懒惰的你一下子就被感染了,不由自主地被带动起来参与操练,不好意思偷懒,别人的刻苦学习精神会不知不觉影响你,EYC英语微信群(群主vx 601332975)可以彻底治好你的拖延症,里面学员都非常友好,总是给你不断的帮助和鼓励,让你学英语的路上重新燃起了斗志,因为每天都在运用,你的英语口语就能得到了迅猛的提升,现在可以随便给一个话题,都能用英文滔滔不绝的发表5分钟以上对这个话题的看法和观点,想提高英语口语的可以加入进来,It really works very well.

常用介词用法(for to with of)

For的用法 1. 表示“当作、作为”。如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。 What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么? 2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如: Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。 3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。 Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。 4. 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如: I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。 We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。 5. 表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如: Let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。 I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。 I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。 6. 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……的”。如: It’s time for school. 到上学的时间了。 Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。 7. 表示“支持、赞成”。如: Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划? 8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如: Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁? For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。 尽管for 的用法较多,但记住常用的几个就可以了。 to的用法: 一:表示相对,针对 be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar) to This injection will make you immune to infection. 二:表示对比,比较 1:以-ior结尾的形容词,后接介词to表示比较,如:superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior 2: 一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词,如equal,similar,equivalent,analogous A is similar to B in many ways.

大学英语四级基础复习讲义.pdf

plete 指完成一件指派或预定的任务,或完 善、完整未完成的部分 gain 指需要做出比 obtain 更大的努力,往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间儿得到所需要的东西end 指一个动作或一件事情的结束或终止 finish 指把一件事或一个动作做完,强调 事情的了结、终止 7、4 、 accurate , correct , delicate , exact,precise 都含有一定的"正确,精确" 之意 acknowledge,admit,concede,confess,rec ognize 都含有一定的"承认"之意acknowledge 着重”公开承认”,常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事accurate 准确的,精确的,指某人或某事 不仅不出错,而且与事实无出入,强调准 确性 admit 是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实,招供(事实,错误等)concede(不情愿地)承认,(在结果确定前)承认失败correct 正确的,指某人或某事合乎事实或 公认的标准或规则,没有错误 delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的 exact 确切的、精确的,语气较 accurate 强, 指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或 标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差 precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准 确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密, 有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义 confess 着重承认自己的过错或罪恶recognize 指正式承认主权、权利等8、affirm,assert,allege,claim 都含有一定的"宣称,断言"之意affirm 断言,肯定,指根据事实坚定不移地宣称,有无可争辩之意assert 宣称,坚持,指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称5、accuse,charge,indict 都含有一定的 "指控,控告"之意 allege 宣称,断定,指在无真实根据情况下宣称,硬说accuseaccusesb.ofdoingsth. 为 … 指 责 某 人,控告某人 claim 声称,主张,往往表示说话者反对或不同意某一观点chargechargesb.withdoingsth. 指 控 某 人… 英语四级温习资料 2(2006-12-1116:02:10)分类:大学英语四六级温习资料征服大学英语四级考试(阅读篇)(一)存在问题6、achieve,acquire,attain,gain,obtain 都含有一定的"获得,达到"之意 achieve 强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后 达到目标 第一,读不懂acquire 指经过不懈努力才获得的技术,知 识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等 attain 正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达 到完美境地所谓读不懂,就是考生拿过文章,满头雾水,即使硬着头皮读文章,也是一知半解。然后匆忙做体,仅凭感觉去蒙,因此做体准确率必然不高。

双宾语 to for的用法

1.两者都可以引出间接宾语,但要根据不同的动词分别选用介词to 或for:(1) 在give, pass, hand, lend, send, tell, bring, show, pay, read, return, write, offer, teach, throw 等之后接介词to。 如: 请把那本字典递给我。 正:Please hand me that dictionary. 正:Please hand that dictionary to me. 她去年教我们的音乐。 正:She taught us music last year. 正:She taught music to us last year. (2) 在buy, make, get, order, cook, sing, fetch, play, find, paint, choose,prepare, spare 等之后用介词for 。如: 他为我们唱了首英语歌。 正:He sang us an English song. 正:He sang an English song for us. 请帮我把钥匙找到。 正:Please find me the keys. 正:Please find the keys for me. 能耽搁你几分钟吗(即你能为我抽出几分钟吗)? 正:Can you spare me a few minutes? 正:Can you spare a few minutes for me? 注:有的动词由于搭配和含义的不同,用介词to 或for 都是可能的。如:do sb a favour=do a favour for sb 帮某人的忙 do sb harm=do harm to sb 对某人有害

英语连接词大全

英语连接词大全 ( 转) 英语写作中常见问题就是如何连接各个句子,使之能够流畅地承上启下,更顺畅地表达出自己的观点。 这份连接词大全,提供了常用、常见的连接词,方便大家在学习、工作上的使用。建议分享收藏,以便需要时可以拿出来用噢~ 1)先后次序关系: atthistime;first;second;atlast;next;previously;simultaneously同时地;eventually;lastbutnotleast;tobeginwith;tostartwith;toendwith;finally;seeing...由于,因为;sincethen;firstofall;afterwards后来;followingthis;preceding先前的;originally最初的ultimate最终的,极限的,根本的 2)因果关系: because;becauseofthis;beingthat(口语)既然,因为;anotherimportantfactor/reasonof...;since;as;for;inthat...;owingto由于,通常负面;dueto由于;forthereasonthat...;inviewof 鉴于,考虑到resultfrom归因于thereasonseemstobeobvious;thereareabout...;forthisreason;asaresultofthis;therefore;...andso...;consequently所以,因此;asaresult;thus 这样,如此,因而;hence因此;so;sothat...;inconsequence结果,结果;asaconsequence;accordingly因此,于是,相应地;inevitably不可避免地;undertheseconditionsthereupon因此于 是upon迫近 3)转折关系: but;evenso;however;though;eventhough;independentof;recklessof不顾;despitethat;inspiteofthat;regardlessof不顾;yet...;andyet;butunless.Nonetheless尽管如此 4)并列关系: and;also;too;aswellas;either...,or...;both...and... 5)(补充)递进关系: furthermore此外,而且;moreover而且,此外;further进一步地,此外;Inthisway;still;notonly...butalso...;not...but...;inaddition(to); additionally,muchmoreinteresting,morespecifically更具体地说,next,besides;asfaras...isconcerned 至于;moreover此外;inotherwords; alongthislineofconsideration;on(the)onehand...在一方面,ontheotherhand...;even;asasayinggoes...;inordertodoit...;meanwhile同时;atthesametime;accordingly因此;Inthefirstplace...,inthesecondplace...;equallyimportant;ofevengreaterappeal. 6)比较关系: similarly;inlikemanner,incomparisonwith;whencomparedwith;comparedwith;wheninfact...;like...;likewise同样地,也;similarlyimportant; apartfrom(doing)...;...ratherthan...,bydoingso;both…and...;inthesameway;notonly...but(also). 7)对照(不同点):

for和to区别

1.表示各种“目的”,用for (1)What do you study English for 你为什么要学英语? (2)went to france for holiday. 她到法国度假去了。 (3)These books are written for pupils. 这些书是为学生些的。 (4)hope for the best, prepare for the worst. 作最好的打算,作最坏的准备。 2.“对于”用for (1)She has a liking for painting. 她爱好绘画。 (2)She had a natural gift for teaching. 她对教学有天赋/ 3.表示“赞成、同情”,用for (1)Are you for the idea or against it 你是支持还是反对这个想法? (2)He expresses sympathy for the common people.. 他表现了对普通老百姓的同情。 (3)I felt deeply sorry for my friend who was very ill. 4. 表示“因为,由于”(常有较活译法),用for (1)Thank you for coming. 谢谢你来。

(2)France is famous for its wines. 法国因酒而出名。 5.当事人对某事的主观看法,“对于(某人),对…来说”,(多和形容词连用),用介词to,不用for. (1)He said that money was not important to him. 他说钱对他并不重要。 (2)To her it was rather unusual. 对她来说这是相当不寻常的。 (3)They are cruel to animals. 他们对动物很残忍。 6.和fit, good, bad, useful, suitable 等形容词连用,表示“适宜,适合”,用for。(1)Some training will make them fit for the job. 经过一段训练,他们会胜任这项工作的。 (2)Exercises are good for health. 锻炼有益于健康。 (3)Smoking and drinking are bad for health. 抽烟喝酒对健康有害。 (4)You are not suited for the kind of work you are doing. 7. 表示不定式逻辑上的主语,可以用在主语、表语、状语、定语中。 (1)It would be best for you to write to him. (2) The simple thing is for him to resign at once.

双宾语tofor的用法

1. 两者都可以引出间接宾语,但要根据不同的动词分别选用介词to 或for: (1) 在give, pass, hand, lend, send, tell, bring, show, pay, read, return, write, offer, teach, throw 等之后接介词to。 如: 请把那本字典递给我。 正:Please hand me that dictionary. 正:Please hand that dictionary to me. 她去年教我们的音乐。 正:She taught us music last year. 正:She taught music to us last year. (2) 在buy, make, get, order, cook, sing, fetch, play, find, paint, choose,prepare, spare 等之后用介词for 。如: 他为我们唱了首英语歌。 正:He sang us an English song. 正:He sang an English song for us. 请帮我把钥匙找到。 正:Please find me the keys. 正:Please find the keys for me. 能耽搁你几分钟吗(即你能为我抽出几分钟吗)? 正:Can you spare me a few minutes? 正:Can you spare a few minutes for me? 注:有的动词由于搭配和含义的不同,用介词to 或for 都是可能的。如: do sb a favou r do a favour for sb 帮某人的忙 do sb harnn= do harm to sb 对某人有害

for__to__of__from的用法

介词for基本可以归纳为以下几点: 1.for"对……来说"(利益) All for one, and one for all. 人人为我,我为人人。 For all the students, for student s’ all. 为了一切的学生,为了学生的一切。 Smoking is not good for the health. 吸烟有害健康。 2. for"由于"(理由,原因) She was angry with him for being late. 她生气是因为他迟到。 3. In 1933, Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA. for"向,往……"(方向,目的地) This ship is for San Francisco. 这艘船是开往旧金山的。 4. ... but asked for very little money. for"目的,追求"(以……为目的,为了得到……) What is this for? 这是做什么用的? She does exercises for her figure. 为了保持身材,她做有运动。 5. He once refused to speak on the radio for $1,000 a minute. for"交换,抵偿报酬"(以……的金额,与……交换……) She took the blouse back to the store and changed it for another. 她把这件短上衣拿回店里换另一件。 I bought this set of coffee cups for $20. 我花了20美元购买这套咖啡杯。 6. Another time, someone saw him using a cheque for $1,500 as a bookmark. for"面值……" She handed me a bill for $100. 她给了我一张100美元的帐单。 介词of用法:1: 表示剥夺,除去Clarify the river of flowing rubbish 2: of接直接宾语Remind sb. of his duties 3: of接间接宾语Ask a question of sb 4: of表示人物的特性,籍贯,特性或出生等He is of Irish descend 5: 固定词组The room smells of stale cabbage. to的用法一:表示相对,针对be strange to 二:表示对比,比较 1:以-ior结尾的形容词,后接介词to表示比较

while、when和as的用法区别

as when while 的区别和用法 as when while的用法 一、as的意思是“正当……时候”,它既可表示一个具体的时间点,也可以表示一段时间。as可表示主句和从句的动作同时发生或同时持续,即“点点重合”“线线重合”;又可表示一个动作发生在另一个动作的持续过程中,即“点线重合”, 但不能表示两个动作一前一后发生。如果主句和从句的谓语动词都表示持续性的动作,二者均可用进行时,也可以一个用进行时,一个用一般时或者都用一般时。 1、As I got on the bus,he got off. 我上车,他下车。(点点重合)两个动作都是非延续性的 2、He was writing as I was reading. 我看书时,他在写字。(线线重合)两个动作都是延续性的 3、The students were talking as the teacher came in. 老师进来时,学生们正在讲话。(点线重合)前一个动作是延续性的,而后一个动作时非延续性的 二、while的意思是“在……同时(at the same time that )”“在……期间(for as long as, during the time that)”。从while的本身词义来看,它只能表示一段时间,不能表示具体的时间点。在时间上可以是“线线重合”或“点线重合”,但不能表示“点点重合”。例如: 1、He was watching TV while she was cooking. 她做饭时,他在看电视。(线线重合) 2、He was waiting for me while I was working. 我工作的时候,他正等着我。(线线重合) 3、He asked me a question while I was speaking. 我在讲话时,他问了我一个问题。(点线重合)

to和for的用法有什么不同(一)

to和for的用法有什么不同(一) 一、引出间接宾语时的区别 两者都可以引出间接宾语,但要根据不同的动词分别选用介词to 或for,具体应注意以下三种情况: 1. 在give, pass, hand, lend, send, tell, bring, show, pay, read, return, write, offer, teach, throw 等之后接介词to。如: 请把那本字典递给我。 正:Please hand me that dictionary. 正:Please hand that dictionary to me. 她去年教我们的音乐。 正:She taught us music last year. 正:She taught music to us last year. 2. 在buy, make, get, order, cook, sing, fetch, play, find, paint, choose, prepare, spare 等之后用介词for 。如: 他为我们唱了首英语歌。 正:He sang us an English song. 正:He sang an English song for us. 请帮我把钥匙找到。 正:Please find me the keys. 正:Please find the keys for me. 能耽搁你几分钟吗(即你能为我抽出几分钟吗)? 正:Can you spare me a few minutes?

正:Can you spare a few minutes for me? 3. 有的动词由于用法和含义不同,用介词to 或for 都是可能的。如: do sb a favor=do a favor for sb 帮某人的忙 do sb harm=do harm to sb 对某人有害 在有的情况下,可能既不用for 也不用to,而用其他的介词。如: play sb a trick=play a trick on sb 作弄某人 请比较: play sb some folk songs=play some folk songs for sb 给某人演奏民歌 有时同一个动词,由于用法不同,所搭配的介词也可能不同,如leave sbsth 这一结构,若表示一般意义的为某人留下某物,则用介词for 引出间接宾语,即说leave sth for sb;若表示某人死后遗留下某物,则用介词to 引出间接宾语,即说leave sth to sb。如: Would you like to leave him a message? / Would you like to leave a message for him? 你要不要给他留个话? Her father left her a large fortune. / Her father left a large fortune to her. 她父亲死后给她留下了一大笔财产。 二、表示目标或方向的区别 两者均可表示目标、目的地、方向等,此时也要根据不同动词分别对待。如: 1. 在come, go, walk, move, fly, ride, drive, march, return 等动词之后通常用介词to 表示目标或目的地。如: He has gone to Shanghai. 他到上海去了。 They walked to a river. 他们走到一条河边。

for的用法完全归纳

for的用法完全归纳 用法1:(表目的)为了。如: They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做? That’s what we’re here for. 这正是我们来的目的。 What’s she gone for this time? 她这次去干什么去了? He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。 在通常情况下,英语不用for doing sth 来表示目的。如:他去那儿看他叔叔。 误:He went there for seeing his uncle.正:He went there to see his uncle. 但是,若一个动名词已名词化,则可与for 连用表目的。如: He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。(swimming 已名词化) 注意:若不是表目的,而是表原因、用途等,则其后可接动名词。 用法2:(表利益)为,为了。如: What can I do for you? 你想要我什么? We study hard for our motherland. 我们为祖国努力学习。 Would you please carry this for me? 请你替我提这个东西好吗? Do more exercise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。 (1)有些后接双宾语的动词(如buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等),当双宾语易位时,通 常用for 来引出间接宾语,表示间接宾语为受益者。如: She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她为她女儿做了件连衣裙。 He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他为我们煮了些土豆。 注意,类似下面这样的句子必须用for: He bought a new chair for the office. 他为办公室买了张新办公椅。 (2) 注意不要按汉语字面意思,在一些及物动词后误加介词for: 他们决定在电视上为他们的新产品打广告。 误:They decided to advertise for their new product on TV. 正:They decided to advertise their new product on TV. 注:advertise 可用作及物或不及物动词,但含义不同:advertise sth=为卖出某物而打广告;advertise for sth=为寻找某物而打广告。如:advertise for a job=登广告求职。由于受汉语“为”的影响,而此处误加了介词for。类似地,汉语中的“为人民服务”,说成英语是serve the people,而不是serve for the people,“为某人的死报仇”,说成英语是avenge sb’s death,而不是avenge for sb’s death,等等。 用法3:(表用途)用于,用来。如: Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。 This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。 It’s a machine for slicing bread. 这是切面包的机器。 The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 医生给了她一些感冒药。 用法4:为得到,为拿到,为取得。如: He went home for his book. 他回家拿书。 He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友请教。 She often asked her parents for money. 她经常向父母要钱。 We all hope for success. 我们都盼望成功。 Are you coming in for some tea? 你要不要进来喝点茶? 用法5:给(某人),供(某人)用。如: That’s for you. 这是给你的。 Here is a letter for you. 这是你的信。 Have you room for me there? 你那边能给我腾出点地方吗? 用法6:(表原因、理由)因为,由于。如:

四因为as_because_for_since用法区别

“SI因为”because for as since because, as, for, since这几个词都是表示“原因”的连词,语气由强至弱依次为:because→since→as→for;其中because, since, as均为从属连词,引导原因状语从句;而for 是并列连词,引导并列句。 1. because表示直接原因,它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的,其语气最强。常用来回答why的提问,一般放于主句之后,也可以单独存在。例如: (1)I stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨我呆在家里。 (2)Because Lingling was ill, she didn”t come to school. 玲玲因病,没有上学。 (3)——Why is she absent? 她为什么缺席? ——Because she is sick. 因为她病了。 此外,在强调句型中,只能用because。例如: (4)It was because I missed the early bus that I was late for school. 我上学迟到是因为我没有赶上早班汽车。 2. since侧重主句,从句表示显然的或已为人所知的理由,常译为“因为”、“既然”,语气比because稍弱,通常置于句首,表示一种含有勉强语气的原因。例如: (1)Since he asks you, you”ll tell him why. 他既然问你,那就告诉他为什么吧。 (2)Since everyone is here, let”s start. 既然大家都到齐了,我们就出发吧! (3)Since I understood very little Jap anese, I couldn”t follow the conversation. 我日语懂得不多,因而听不懂对话。 3. as是常用词,它表示的“原因”是双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因,或者理由不是很重要,含义与since相同,但语气更弱,没有since正式,常译为“由于,鉴于”。从句说明原因,主句说明结果,主从并重。例如:

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