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浙大考博英语真题部分考试
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2016年浙江大学博士生英语 听力 PART A Welcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife. At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at T aylor Slough. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators. Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We'd hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent. Welcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife. At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators. Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We'd hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.----- 文章来源托福听力 听力是托福内容，完型填空是大学英语教程第四册里面的内容~~~
Test One（听力播放） Section A Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. You will hear the question only once. When you have heard the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil. 1. A. He’s worried. B. It’s getting late. C. He heard a noise outside. D. He can’t see out of the window. 2. A. Soon B. In 20 minutes. C. They don’t care. D. They don’t know. 3. A. Here. B. A pass. C. An official. D.A letter of introduction. 4. A. Home. B. To town. C. To his friends. D. To a restaurant. 5. A. She uses coffee. B. She hates coffee. C. She never liked coffee. D. She liked coffee before. 6. A. The pay isn’t important. B. They don’t need the money. C. He wants to save the money. D. He doesn’t like waiting in line for his pay. 7. A. He wants to go to sleep. B. Doctors always tell him lies. C. He doesn’t believe in medicine. D. He needs a rest without being bothered. 8. A. He eats too much. B. He kills chickens. C. He only eats chickens. D. He married a greedy person. 9. A. Buying trees. B. Who owns the tree. C. Their family trees. D. How old the tree is. 10. A. A stranger. B. A ticket seller. C. A train attendant. D. Another passenger. Section B Directions: In this section of the test you will hear three brief talks. You will hear them only once. After each one you will hear some questions. You will hear each question only once. After you hear the question, you will have 15 seconds to choose the best answer from the four choices given. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by blackening the corresponding letter with a pencil.
2015年四川大学考博《英语》真题 (总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟) 一、ⅠReadingComprehension 二、Passage1 Speechissofamiliarafeatureofdailylifethatwerarelypausetodefineit.Itseemsasnatural tomanaswalkingandonlylesssothanbreathing.Yetitneedsbutamoment'sreflectiontoconvinceus thatthisnaturalnessofspeechisbutanillusoryfeeling.Theprocessofacquiringspeechis,insob erfact,anutterlydifferentsortofthingfromtheprocessoflearningtowalk.Inthecaseofthelatt erfunction,culture,inotherwords,thetraditionalbodyofsocialusage,isnotseriouslybrought intoplay.Thechildisindividuallyequipped,bythecomplexsetoffactorsthatwetermbiologicalh eredity,tomakealltheneededmuscularandnervousadjustmentsthatresultinwalking.Indeed,the veryconformationofthesemusclesandoftheappropriatepartsofthenervoussystemmaybesaidtobe primarilyadaptedtothemovementsmadeinwalkingandinsimilaractivities.Inaveryrealsense,th enormalhumanbeingispredestinedtowalk,notbecausehiselderswillassisthimtolearnthear t,butbecausehisorganismispreparedfrombirth,orevenfromthemomentofconception,totake onallthoseexpendituresofnervousenergyandallthosemuscularadaptationsthatresultinwalkin g.Toputitconcisely,walkingisaninherent,biologicalfunctionofman. Notsolanguage.Itisofcoursetruethatinacertainsensetheindividualispredestinedtotalk ,butthatisdueentirelytothecircumstancethatheisbornnotmerelyinnature,butinthelapofasoc ietythatiscertain,reasonablycertain,toleadhimtoitstraditions.Eliminatesocietyandthere iseveryreasontobelievethathewilllearntowalk,if,indeed,hesurvivesatall.Butitisjustasce rtainthathewillneverlearntotalk,thatis,tocommunicateideasaccordingtothetraditionalsys temofaparticularsociety.Or,again,removethenew-bornindividualfromthesocialenvironmenti ntowhichhehascomeandtransplanthimtoanutterlyalienone.Hewilldeveloptheartofwalkinginhi snewenvironmentverymuchashewouldhavedevelopeditintheold.Buthisspeechwillbecompletelya tvariancewiththespeechofhisnativeenvironment.Walkingthenisageneralhumanactivitythatva riesonlywithinarestrictedlimitaswepassfromindividualtoindividual.Itsvariabil ityispurposeless.Speechisahumanactivitythatvarieswithoutassignablelimitaswepassfr omsocialgrouptosocialgroup,becauseitisapurelyhistoricalheritage,theproductoflong-cont inuedsocialusage.Itvariesasallcreativeeffortvaries-notasconsciously,perhaps,butnoneth elessastrulyasdothereligions,thebeliefs,thecustoms,andtheartsofdifferentpeoples.Walki ngisanorganic,instinctivefunction,speechisanon-instinctive,acquired,"cultural"functio n. (1).ThefirstsentenceofParagraphTwo,"Notsolanguage"istheclosestinmeaningto______. " A.thisisnotthecasewithlanguage " B.soislanguageandnotanythingelse " C.nosuchathingexistsinlanguage " D.notsomuchwithlanguage A.√ B. C. D. 解析：细节推理题。Notsolanguage承接首段的最后一句话，将language与walking进行对比，上文提及"行走是人类与生俱来的一种生物功能"，而语言则不是。选项A与文中的意思最接近。故答案为A。
2011年浙江大学考博英语真题听力原文，仅供参考 第一篇 Among my experiences as a college president is the all‐too‐frequent phone call in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake‐up call in Ju ne when it was reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of themselves and afraid of relationships. Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property‐damage and cheating on most campuses. This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the "Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators — are the primary architects. It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have been allowed to or must take part‐time jobs rather than spending time in school, on homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. 31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ( ) . ×正确答案为C [A] it is easy to be a college president [B] a college president has to sit up till midnight [C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus [D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol 32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ( ). ×正确答案为C [A] inspiration [B] stimulation [C] escape [D] relaxation 33. The word "architects" in Para. 2 can be best replaced by ( ). ×正确答案为D [A] artists [B] experts [C] discoverers [D] designers 34. How do parents react to the "Culture of Neglect"?( ) ×正确答案为B [A] Parents have lowered their expectations on children. [B] Parents take little care of the growth of their children. [C] Parents spend too much time watching television.
北京中医药大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析Thirty-two people watched kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows.She was their neighbor.Yet none of the32 helped her.Not one even called the police.Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one's fellow man? Not so,say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane.These men went beyond the headlines to probe the reasons why people didn't act.They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency. Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk.Is he having a heart attack?Is he in a coma(昏迷)from diabetes(糖尿病)? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk? Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi conditioning? Is itsteam pipes?Or is it really smoke from a fire?It's not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second,and more important,the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible.He must feel that he must help,or the person won't get the help he needs. The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around.They had college students in to betested.Some came alone. Some came with one or two others.And some came in large groups.The
2009年语言学理论 一名词解释。 1.配价： “配价”是当今语法理论体系中最重要的问题之一，所谓“价”（valency），是借用化学中的术语，主要考察某一成分有多少个同现成分，亦即某一成分必须有多少个强制性搭配成分。最早把“价”理论引进语法研究领域的是法国语言学家Lucien Tesnuere，当初是为了研究一个动词能支配多少种不同性质的名词性词语，动词的“价”就就定于动词所支配的不同性质的名词性词语的数目。 配价理论思想认为，动词是一个句子的中心（支配词regissant），它支配着句子中别的成分，而动词本身不受其他任何成分的支配。只接受动词支配的的有“名词词组”和“副词词组”，其中名词词组形成“行动元(actant)”，副词词组形成“状态元(circonstant)”。从理论上说，句子中的状态元可以是无限多，但行动元不得超过三个，即主语、宾语1和宾语2。由此可以将动词分为一价动词、二价动词和三价动词。 动词有配价的问题，后来经过研究，发现形容词和名词等也有配价问题。我们可以说：利用动词与不同性质的名词之间、形容词与不同性质的名词之间、名词中隐含谓词与不同性质的名词之间的配价关系来研究、解释语法现象，这种研究和分析的手段就称之为“配价分析”。 根据配价分析理论，汉语中的动词可以分为零价动词，表自然现象的词；一价动词，即一般的不及物动词；二价动词，即一般的及物动词；三价动词，即双宾动词。 在中国最早利用配价理论与方法来研究汉语的是朱德熙先生关于“动词语+的”结构的分析。利用配价理论及方法我们可以对汉语中的一些歧义现象进行分析，也可一解释一些用其他理论不好解释或不能完善解释的语法现象。 关于配价的性质长期以来有几种不同的观点： 一是认为配价是建立在句法基础上的语法范畴。以句法概念来说明
2013浙江大学考博英语阅读试题
学苑教育考博辅导老师为您提供备考建议，希望对您有所帮助。 Today,cigarette smoking is a common habit. About forty-three percent of the adult menand thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettesregularly. It is encouraging to see that millions of people have given upsmoking. It is a fact that men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men andwomen the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is 24-44. Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person’ssmoking habit. City people smoke more than people living on farms.Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes thanmen with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if awell-educated man with a higher income smoked at all, he is likely to smokemore packs of cigarettes per day. The situation is somewhat different for women.(80)There are slightly moresmokers among women with higher family income and higher education than amongthe lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated womentend to smoke more heavily. Among teenagers the picture is similar. There are fewer teenaged smokers fromupper-income, well-educated families, and fewer from families living in farmareas. Children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of theirparents smoke. 1. What do we know from the first paragraph ? A.More and more people take up the habit of smoking. B. There are more smoking women than smoking men in USA. C. It is good news that more people have given up smoking. D. The U.S. has more smoking people than any other country. 2.What factors determine a person’s smokinghabits ?
山东中医药大学历年考博真题 2000年 中医内科 1.请阐述水肿、淋证、癃闭、关格的临床特点及联系。（10分） 2.请论述内伤头痛与肝、脾、肾三脏的关系。（10 分） 3.胸痹的发病基础和病理因素是什么？其病理特点如何？怎样辨别阴寒证、痰浊证、气滞证、血瘀证的不同？各证型治疗要点是什么？（10分） 4.如何理解“治痿独取阳明”的意义？（10分） 5.试述“真中”“类中”的源流考略？（10分） 6.痰饮发病的内在病理基础是什么？为什么?其治则如何？为什么？（10分） 7.消渴病（糖尿病）临床常见哪些急慢性并发症？请写出消渴病（糖尿病）周围神经病变辨证分型（只写分型）、治法、方剂。（10分） 8.如何理解《血证论》提出的治血四法？（10分） 9.调补脾肾为何是治疗虚劳的关键？请论述之。（10分） 10.通窍活血汤方义如何？你在临床应用如何体会？（10分） 2001年 中医内科 1.你对中西医结合治疗风湿病的看法。 2.中风病（中脏腑、中经络）的临床表现。 3.“开鬼门、洁净府”结合心血管（心衰）的应用。 4.胃痞、胃胀、痞满的鉴别诊断。 5.试述扶正治疗肿瘤（祛邪需要扶正，邪去正自安） 6.肝癌、积症的治疗方法，在何时用何法？ 7.石棉在《内经》的论述及其治法（3个） 8.试述“病痰饮者当以温药和之” 9.试述糖尿病的非药物治疗。 10.血府逐瘀汤的组成，能治疗心系的那些疾病？ 2002年 中医内科 1.中医痿证与西医的神经系统哪些疾病有关 2.治痿独取阳明的含义 3.无痰无不作眩的病机含义怎样理解“病痰饮者当以温药合之”高血压如何辨证，降压中药有哪些 4.胸闷病机、症状、治法、代表方剂 5.天王补心丹、朱砂安神丸、黄连阿胶汤、知柏地黄汤心悸如何区别应用，方药组成 6.湿邪困脾的脉症特点 7.活血化瘀在急慢性白血病中如何应用 8.消渴病机、症状，消渴肾脏病时真武汤、济生肾气丸适应症多时什么，方药组成。
浙江大学考博英语复试经验参考 一、题型分析 浙江大学近几年博士生入学考试题型分布： 听力(20分)、词汇(15分)、完型(20分)、阅读(20分)、翻译(25分) 考试时长3个小时。 分析真题的难度，听力、翻译略难于大学英语6级，其他和6级 难度基本保持一致。感觉浙大考博英语听力难度类似于6级阅读理解。 二、近几年分数线分析【总分线（听力线）】 03春：59（10）03秋：53（7） 04春：56（8）04秋：57（8） 05春：53（7）05秋：63（11) 06春：60（11)06秋：58（9) 07秋：50（8）08秋：50（6） 09年：55（8）10年：50（6） 11年：58（7）12年：60（9） 13年：60（10）14年：60（10） 15年：60（10）16年：60（10） 17年：60（12）18年：60 60分达标建议：平时做题听力单选至少要对7个以上，因听写得分很不容易，完型对13个以上，阅读对16个以上，翻译一般同学得 分会为10-15分。
三、评分细则 1.听力听写在宽松判卷情况下，写对关键词得0.5分，时态、单 复数错误只得0.5分。注意：如写的超过规定单词数，即使写的和听 力原文完全一样，也只有0.5分，这时需要想办法去掉不重要的单词，千万不要超过规定单词数。 2.翻译一般以10-15分为基准，亮点多会提升一个档次分数 （15-20分），以此类推，语言比一般同学的还要粗糙恐怕会给10分 以下。如有“低级下流”语句，比如Iis、youis等，可能直接给10 分以下。没写完的得分也会直接降低，如果真没时间写了，注意，赶 紧去写结尾。 一模一样内容，字写得工整整齐可能会高至少3分，总体感觉和 改考研作文一样，同样一个句子，有的同学写出来就是很美的复合句、连贯、浑然一体，有的同学则是简单粗糙、堆砌、上下文断裂，虽然 表达清楚了汉语内容。 四、相对应对策 1.过好词汇关 浙大英语总体词汇量偏重于英语6级，所以选一本6级高频词汇 作为记忆点，应付考试充足。建议上班族用手机里的APP(如扇贝单词、百词斩等)背记;建议应届生还是用高频词汇本。 背单词时，不要幻想背一次就充足了，如果基础好建议背两次， 基础一般的建议背三次，每天根据自己实际情况确定要被单词量先少 后多，词汇会慢慢熟悉起来，记的时候一定要熟读例句，并注重单词 各种形式、用法和读音。到了临考前二周左右，再拿起单词本或者APP 应该能够在一周内全部背完，此时词汇量完全能够应付考试。 此外，要用好真题词汇题。分析发现真题词汇会以不同形式重复 用法，建议每做完一套真题后总结分析词汇题，特别是对自己背过的 单词如果模糊的话，一定要去查，重点注重形近词、意近词和自己不
北中医考博中医内科真题汇总（2008-2017）2008北京中医药大学内科考博试题 内科学试题：100分 一、名词解释（3分/题） 呕吐、泻南补北、培土生金、癫狂痫、跨瘵 二、简答题（5分/题） 1、何谓瘟疫？ 2、一男，50岁，高血压病史5年。今晨起床后，感觉头晕，视物旋转，如坐车船，视一为二。请你作出中医诊断，并对其作出具体诊治。 3、胸痹心痛与胃脱痛的鉴别。 4、血热妄行和气不摄血的机制是什么？二者是否可以并见？ 三、论述题（10分/题） 1、关于水月中的治疗，请你结合古代文献作出论述。 2、治湿有那些方法，并写出代表方剂，及其临床如何应用。 3、结合临床请你谈谈中医药在治疗消渴的优势所在。 4、肺、脾、肾气虚的不同之处在哪里，请结合临床应用分析。 五、病例分析题25分 患者女，73岁，有慢性支气管炎30年，肺心病5年。近三日出现感冒，发 热，咳嗽，咯痰清稀易咯出，胸部膨满，喘息，喉中痰鸣有声。近一日出现咯痰色黄不易咯出，胸闷，渐出现意识模糊……舌淡胖，有瘀斑、瘀点，脉弦细滑。 肺胀，（外感引动，痰热瘀阻，蒙闭心神） 2012北京中医药大学内科考博试题 一、名词解释 痿蹙着痹怔忡霍乱里陕 二、简答 1、试举例说明温肺化饮治法的代表方剂、药物组成、临床适应病症。 2、试从病因病机、临床表现、治法方药等方面比较阴黄、虚黄的异同。 三、论述 1、结合古籍和临床阐述瘀血与消渴的关系，并举出三种常见并发症的病机特点和治法。 2、请结合临床比较分析眩晕、中风、厥证的基本病机、临床特点、治疗法则及转轨预后。 四、病例分析 1、患者，男，76岁，反复发作鼻腔出血5年，每年发作3-4次，近1年来鼻出血次数频繁，且血量多，经治疗可以控制，但经常头晕目眩。3天前因大怒，鼻腔出血复发，并头晕目眩加重，活动后尤甚，遂来我院就诊，刻下症：鼻中出血量多，色鲜红，头晕目眩，活动后加重，心悸神疲，气短乏力，夜难成寐，大便干燥。检查：面色苍白，鼻中隔粘膜溃烂，出血量多，舌红苔薄黄，脉数。
2011年浙江大学浙大考博英语真题听力选择题原文 2011年03月21日星期一15:53 第一篇 Among my experiences as a college president is the all-too-frequent phone call in the night that begins: "One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol poisoning." The whole country got a similar wake-up call in June when it was reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of themselves and afraid of relationships. Students use alcohol as an escape. It's used as an excuse for bad behavior: the insanity defense writ large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, property-damage and cheating on most campuses. This is not the stuff of most presidents' public conversations. Nor can it be explained away as an "underclass" problem; it is found on our most privileged campuses. It is happening because the generation now entering college has experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the "Culture of Neglect," and we — parents, teachers, professors and administrators — are the primary architects. It begins at home, where social and economic factors — such as declining incomes requiring longer work hours — result in less family time. Young people have been allowed to or must take part-time jobs rather than spending time in school, on homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. 31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that () .× 正确答案为C [A] it is easy to be a college president [B] a college president has to sit up till midnight [C] alcohol abuse is quite common on campus [D] it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol 32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ().×