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天坛公园—介绍北京的一处名胜古迹

天坛公园—介绍北京的一处名胜古迹
天坛公园—介绍北京的一处名胜古迹

历史悠久的天坛公园

我要介绍的北京地区的名胜古迹是的天坛公园。了解天坛公园要从它的历史与建立开始。天坛公园是1961年国务院公布的“全国重点文物保护单位”,1998年被联合国教科文组织确认为“世界文化遗产”;2007年天坛公园正式被批准为国家5A级旅行景区。天坛与长城、天安门几乎成为了代表北京形象的名片……所有谈及北京作为历史古都的时候都说涉及到天坛,可见天坛对于中国对于北京的代表性……很多外国友人了解北京文化的时候都是从天坛开始访问游览的……

天坛的历史要追溯的明永乐大帝迁都北京开始。永乐十八年即1420年,永乐大帝建天地坛,祭天地……嘉靖九年即1530年,嘉靖皇帝听大臣进言“古者祀天于圜丘,祀地于方丘。圜丘者,南郊地上之丘,圜而高,以象天也。方丘者,北郊泽中之丘,丘方而下,以象地也。”于是决定天地祭祀分开来举行,在南城大祀殿南建圜丘祭天,在北城方泽坛祭地。嘉靖十三年即1534年,圜丘改名天坛,而方泽坛改名为地坛。大祀殿废弃后,改为祈谷坛。嘉靖十七年即1538年祈谷坛被废,于嘉靖十九年在坛上另建大享殿,于嘉靖二十四年建成。清乾隆十六年即1751年改名为祈年殿,以后则多次修缮扩建,形成了现在咱们所见到的天坛祈年殿的宏伟规模。清末八国联军曾在天坛斋宫设立司令部,在圜丘上架炮。文物、祭器被席卷而空,建筑、树木也遭到严重

的破坏……新中国成立以后,国家对天坛的文物古迹投入了大量资金进行维护和保护,进行过多次修缮和大规模的绿化,是的古老而天坛更加壮丽。如今的天坛公园占地近200公顷,四面各有一门,院内有200年以上的古柏树近2500多株;还在百花园终止了大量的花卉,近年来又新建了别具一格的亭廊连接的庭园,增加了园景。

天坛是世界最大的祭天建筑群。

天坛有垣墙两重,分为内坛、外坛两部分,坛域平面北呈圆形,南为方形,象征“天圆地方”。天坛的主要建筑在内坛的南北中轴线上,圜丘坛在正南,祭天的时候有圜丘、皇穹宇等地方;祈谷坛在正北,祈谷有祈年殿、皇乾殿、祈年门等地方;两个祭

祀的场所有墙相隔由南低北高的丹陛桥(也称海墁大道)相连。

记得看过电视里的介绍,皇帝带领大臣们祭天的时候是从南门进入走圜丘,再到祈年殿的。我也尝试着从那条海墁大道走了一下……高高的汉白玉的祭天专用道路从南至北笔直而至连接着圜丘与祈年殿。走在汉白玉的“神道”上左右望去是浓绿的松柏树,感觉被绿海所谓围绕着,而正北则是宏伟的祈年殿……也许因为是在高于树林数米的高台上,从南往北走有一种步步登高,如临天庭的感觉,可以想象得到当年的皇帝陛下在黄罗伞下走在通往祭天的祈年殿的高台上是多么的威严。

皇穹宇在圜丘坛的北侧,是一座坐北朝南的建筑群,圆形围墙,南边有三座琉璃门,建筑群由主殿和东西配殿组成,是供奉圜丘坛祭祀神位的场所。皇穹宇主殿内的

斗拱和藻井据说是我国古代建筑中独一无二的。殿前的甬路从北数前三块石板就成为“三音板”:在第一块石板上敲击是一声回音,在第二块敲击则出现两声回音,在第三块则听到连续不断的三生回音……太神奇了!皇穹宇院子周围的圆形围墙就是著名的“回音壁”,即使两人分别站在东西配殿后面靠近墙壁轻声说话,相隔很远也可以清楚的听到对方的声音,据说因为圆形围墙十分光滑,对声音波动的折射造成的。

祈谷坛是举行孟春祈谷大典时候的场所,始建于永乐十八年坛分为三层最高层的主殿就是祈年殿。据说祈年殿中央的四根“龙井柱”象征着一年的春夏秋冬四季;中层的十二根金柱象征的一年的十二个月;外层的十二根檐柱象征着一天的十二个时辰;中外两层的二十四根柱子象征着二十四节气。真没想到连每一根柱子都是如此的考究啊,感叹劳动人民的智慧……

祈谷坛北侧有三座琉璃门与主祭坛相通的是皇乾殿。神厨、和宰牲庭等场所与祈谷坛是由长廊相连的。据说长廊共七十二间与祈年殿大小三十六根柱子相对应,象征着七十二地煞。

祈谷坛南面的斋宫,是皇帝举行祭天大典前进行斋戒的场所。外面由一圈鸿沟与外面相隔开来,现在虽然没有水,但看深度应该起码将近10米深……鸿沟内侧则是由厚重砖石砌成的墙壁,可以想象得出这里因为始皇帝在下榻的场所而变得戒备森严的场景。内殿的无梁殿始皇帝白天斋戒的场所,因为现在已经关闭了里面所以只能从介绍中得知里面的设置比之其他的宫殿要朴素很多,明间还悬挂着乾隆皇帝御笔亲提的“钦若昊天”的匾额,表达了天子对于皇天的虔诚之心。我记得小时候进去的时候还看到里面悬挂着例如康熙帝、雍正帝、乾隆帝的绢布画像……不过现在还有没有就不知道了。

天坛西外坛的神乐署,是明清时期演习祭祀礼乐的场所,被誉为明清两朝最高的礼乐学府。始建于永乐年间,最早叫神乐观,到了清乾隆年间改名叫神乐署。

正如最开始所提及的,天坛公园是北京市最有代表性的公园之一,因为属于皇家园林,所以它充满了历史文化底蕴,也之所以是这样我国才在建国之初就对之加以保护并作为代表首都的标志向外国友人展示北京的历史文化。它就如中国的名片一般为世人所熟知……如今的天坛不仅仅是北京帝都文化的代表,来自北京各处的中老年人都在清晨聚集于此……唱着京剧、踢着毽子、舞着长剑、打着太极……这些都成为了天坛公园的另一道风景线,无数的外地游客外国友人驻足于此,用手中的摄像机拍摄着记录着代表和谐社会和谐北京健康社会健康北京而聚集于天坛的来自北京各处得中老年人……让我们共同保护这个美丽的公园……让我们用自己的努力向世界展示融合着古都北京与现代北京的天坛公园的风采!

名胜古迹中英文单词

十三陵The Ming Tombs 雍和宫Yonghe Lamasery 中华世纪坦China Century Altar 秦始皇陵The Emperor Qin Shihuang's Tomb 天安门广场Tian'anmen Square 华表Ornamental Pillars 人民英雄纪念碑The Monument to the People's Heroes 毛主席纪念堂Chairman Mao Memorial Hall 人民大会堂The Great Hall of the People 故宫The Forbidden City 乾清宫The Palace of Heavenly Purity 坤宁宫The Palace of Earthly Tranquility 御花园The Imperial Garden 九龙壁The Nine Dragon Screen 天坛The Temple of Heaven 回音壁Echo Wall 祈年殿The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest 颐和园The Summer Palace 佛香阁The Tower of Buddhist Incense 石舫The Marble Boat 十七孔桥The 17-Arch Bridge 铜牛Bronze Ox 谐趣园The Garden of Harmonious Interests 长城The Great Wall 居庸关Juyongguan Pass 北海公园: Beihai Park 故宫博物院: the Palace Museum 革命历史博物馆: The Museum of Revolutionary History 天安门广场: Tian’anmen Square 毛主席纪念堂:Chairman Mao Zedong Memorial Hall 保和殿: the Hall of Preserving Harmony 中和殿: the Hall of Central Harmony 长城: the Great Wall 午门: the Meridian Gate 紫金山天文台: Purple and Gold Hills Observation 紫禁城: the Forbidden City 御花园: Imperial Garden 颐花园: Summer Palace 天坛: Temple of Heaven 周口店遗址: Zhoukoudian Ancient Site 太和殿: the Hall of Supreme Harmony 祈年殿: the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest. 少年宫: the Children’s Palace 烽火台: the Beacon Tower

天坛公园那些隐秘事,老北京人都不知道

天坛公园那些隐秘事,老北京人都不知道 皇帝们也可以称为天子,所以历代皇帝们都是很重视祭天地,因此集中了大量的人力和物力财力和高超的技艺去建造天坛。所以今日的天坛经可谓气势辉煌,建筑雄伟。是中国现存最大的古代祭祀性建筑群,又因从明清开始这里广植松柏,已然成为大型的森林公园。天坛公园,在北京市东城区永定门内大街东侧。中国现存最大的古代祭祀性建筑群。入选“世界文化遗产”名录。天坛始建于明永乐十八年(1420年),为明、清两代帝王祭祀皇天、祈五谷丰登之场所。天坛是圜丘、祈谷两坛的总称,有坛墙两重,形成内外坛。主要建筑在内坛,圜丘坛在南、祈谷坛在北,二坛同在一条南北轴线上。圜丘坛内主要建筑有圜丘坛、皇穹宇等等,祈谷坛内主要建筑有祈年殿、皇乾殿、祈年门等。著名的祈年殿在最北方,这是天坛内最宏伟的建筑,也是想象中离天最近的地方。天坛的建筑不仅具有独特的艺术风格,而且有些建筑还巧妙地运用了力学、声学、几何学原理,因此具有重要价值。天坛以严谨的建筑布局、奇特的建筑构造和瑰丽的建筑装饰著称于世。回音壁名称的由来回音壁是北京天坛皇穹宇的围墙。墙壁是用磨砖对缝砌成的,墙头覆着蓝色琉璃瓦。围墙的弧度十分规则,墙面极其光滑整齐,对声波的反射是十分规则的。只要两个人分别站在东、西配殿后,

贴墙而立,一个人靠墙向北说话,声波就会沿着墙壁连续折射前进,传到一、二百米的另一端,无论说话声音多小,也可以使对方听得清清楚楚,而且声音悠长,堪称奇趣,给人造成一种“天人感应”的神秘气氛。所以称之为“回音壁”。这证明500年前的中国人已经能够运用声学原理。不仅如此,皇穹宇殿前甬路从北面数,前三块石板为“三音石”。当站在第一块石板上击一下掌,只能听见一声回音;当站在第二块石板上击一下掌就可以听见两声回音;当站在第三块石板上击一下掌便听到连续不断的三声回音。七星石?难道跟北斗七星是亲戚七星石是在天坛七十二长廊东南的场地中,按照北斗七星的方位排列的七块巨石,然而在它们的东北隅还有一小石,共为八石。所以这和北斗七星倒是没啥亲戚关系。七星石过去一直被半人高的护栏围着,很多游客常在此锻炼身体,不利游人观赏。但改造后的“七星石”景区拆除护拦,改为矮栏杆,对树木进行部分调整,将影响视线和景观效果的乔灌木进行移植,重新铺设高质量、高水平的冷季型人工草坪12000平方米,并在绿草间铺仿城砖、透气砖路面5500平方米。改造完成后,七星石将充分显露,祈年殿、长廊、北神厨、北宰牲亭等古建筑群将更加雄伟壮观。皇穹宇皇家牌位的存放地皇穹宇是放置皇天上帝和皇帝 上八代祖宗的牌位的地方。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年(1530年)。初为重檐圆形建筑,名“泰神殿”,是圜丘坛的正殿。

北京名胜古迹用英语表达

天安门及广场Tian'anmen and Tian'anmen Square 故宫The Palace Museum 天坛The Temple of Heaven 颐和园The Summer Palace 长城The Great Wall (八达岭长城The Great Wall at Badaling 居庸关长城The Great Wall at Juyongguan Pass 慕田峪长城The Great Wall at Mutianyu 司马台长城The Great Wall at Simatai) 明十三陵The Ming Tombs 北海公园Beihai Park 雍和宫Yonghegong Larmasery 白云观The White Cloud Taoist Temple

北京孔庙Beijing Confucius Temple 国子监The Imperial College 潭柘寺Tanzhe Temple 圆明园The Ruins of Yuanmingyuan 周口店北京猿人遗址Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian 中华民族园Chinese Ethnic Culture Park 世界公园Beijing World Park 中华世纪坛China Century Altar The Great Wall The Palace Museum Tian’anmen Rostrum The Great Hall of the People The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution

美国名胜古迹英文介绍 2

1.自由钟 The Liberty Bell, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is an American bell of great historic sign ificance. The Liberty Bell is perhaps one of the most prominent symbols associated with early A merican history and the battle for American independence and freedom. Its most famous ringing, on July 8, 1776, summoned citizens for the reading of the Declaration of Independence by the Second Continental Congress. Previously, it had been rung to announce the opening of the First Continental Congress, in 1774, and the Battle of Lexington and Concord, in 1775. The bell was not officially known as the "Liberty Bell" until 1837, when it became a symbol of the abolitionist movement. Its cast inscription from Leviticus 25:10 states, "Proclaim Liberty thro ughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof." The Liberty Bell is one of the most familia r symbols of independence and nationhood within the United States, second only to the Statue of Liberty; strangely perhaps, given its widespread use within the country, the Liberty Bell is hardl y recognized outside of the US, and far less well known as a symbol of America than either th e Statue o f Liberty or the Stars and Stripes. 2.自由女神 the Statue of Liberty Liberty Enlightening the World, known more commonly as the Statue of Liberty, is a statue give n to the United States by France in 1885, standing at Liberty Island in the mouth of the Hudso n River in New York Harbor as a welcome to all visitors, immigrants, and returning Americans. The copper statue, dedicated on October 28, 1886, commemorates the centennial of the United States and is a gesture of friendship between the two nations. The sculptor was Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. Gustave Eiffel, the designer of the Eiffel Tower, engineered the internal structure. Eu gène Viollet-le-Duc was responsible for the choice of copper in the statue's construction and ado ption of the Repoussétechnique. The Statue of Liberty is one of the most recognizable icons of the U.S. worldwide,[1] and, in a more general sense, represents liberty and escape from oppress ion. The Statue of Liberty was, from 1886 until the Jet age, often the first glimpse of the Unite d States for millions of immigrants after ocean voyages from Europe. It's said that il Sancarlone or the Colossus of Rhodes inspired it. 3.华盛顿碑 The Washington Monument The Washington Monument usually refers to the large white-colored obelisk at the west end of t he National Mall in Washington, D.C.. It is a United States Presidential Memorial constructed fo r George Washington, the first President of the United States and the leader of the revolutionary Continental Army, which won independence from the British following the American Revolution ary War. Other monuments to honor Washington, also known as the "Washington Monument", are in Balti

天坛

天坛 天坛位于北京市东城区,是明清两朝帝王祭天、祈谷和祈雨的场所。作为中国古代规模最大的祭祀建筑群,天坛是此次建筑调研最独特的一个类型建筑。 天坛建筑的主要设计思想就是要突出天空的辽阔高远,以表现“天”的至高无上。下面我将分别从建筑设计特色和象征手法两个方面来对天坛进行分析。 建筑设计特色 一、中轴线布局 天坛公园平面示意图 二、主体建筑与附属建筑相得益彰 体量对比:祈年殿崇高突兀 低位对比:附属建筑远离主题 三、主建筑与环境(景观构图) 祈年殿高高在上,超然于林海之上,有超凡出生与天接近之感

除建筑外,遍植柏林,使建筑落于绿色之中, 景观构图完美,建筑单体精美(祈年殿、皇穹宇) 四、建筑尺度 天坛虽为祭天之所,却未象西方建筑那样一味地追求超大的建筑尺度,而是按照“百尺为形”的原则进行控制,即使是最高的祈年殿,绝对高度也不过38米。然而,由于祈年门的欲扬先抑手法、三层台基的烘托积极层层渐收的三重檐攒尖顶的视错觉,使祈年殿获得了气势恢弘的尺度感和视觉效果。 规划意匠和象征手法 中国长期的封建社会中有一套完整的宗法礼制思想,其中最重要的就是要人们相信“天”是至高无尚的主宰。天坛就是为现实帝王与天的特殊关系而修建的,为了能表达天坛建筑的这一特性,天坛在设计意匠上主要运用了象征主义的艺术手法,这种手法具体表现为“形”、“色”以及“数”的象征。 “形”的象征: 既表现为建筑基址的整体平面形状,也表现为各种建筑单体的平面形状。天坛基址平面接近方形,但两重墙北端的角均做成圆弧形,这是体现了中国古代“天圆地方”的宇宙观。

就单体而言,天坛建筑群中的主要建筑物,如:圜丘、祈年殿及皇穹宇等,平面皆为圆形,屋顶形式则是为圆攒尖,这些都是以平面和空间造型来象征“天”的意象的。通过高台基(圜丘,祈年殿)重檐屋顶(祈年殿)来扩大建筑体量。尽量用矮墙来扩大形象,取得开阔的气势。创造崇天的境界.提供了两个看天的视点,祈年殿和圜丘.同时又用丹陛桥来连接圜丘和祈年殿,形成了一条"看天的路线"。 祈年殿 圜丘坛 “色”的象征: 如明代祈谷坛祈年殿的三重檐攒尖顶的上、中、下檐分别用青、黄、绿色琉璃瓦以象征天、地与万物。清重建时将三檐均用蓝色琉璃瓦,只取其象征“天”的意象。再如另外一个单体建筑皇穹宇亦为蓝色琉璃瓦攒尖顶,有同样的寓意。用纯净色彩表现天(蓝色)。

中国的名胜古迹英语翻译培训资料

中国的名胜古迹英语 翻译

精品资料 中国的名胜古迹用英语怎么说 十三陵The Ming Tombs 雍和宫Yonghe Lamasery 中华世纪坦China Century Altar 秦始皇陵The Emperor Qin Shihuang's Tomb 天安门广场Tian'anmen Square 华表Ornamental Pillars 人民英雄纪念碑The Monument to the People's Heroes 毛主席纪念堂Chairman Mao Memorial Hall 人民大会堂The Great Hall of the People 故宫The Forbidden City 乾清宫The Palace of Heavenly Purity 坤宁宫The Palace of Earthly Tranquility 御花园The Imperial Garden 九龙壁The Nine Dragon Screen 天坛The Temple of Heaven 回音壁Echo Wall 祈年殿The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest 颐和园The Summer Palace 佛香阁The Tower of Buddhist Incense 石舫The Marble Boat 十七孔桥The 17-Arch Bridge 铜牛Bronze Ox 谐趣园The Garden of Harmonious Interests 长城The Great Wall 居庸关Juyongguan Pass 北海公园: Beihai Park 故宫博物院: the Palace Museum 革命历史博物馆: The Museum of Revolutionary History 毛主席纪念堂:Chairman Mao Zedong Memorial Hall 保和殿: the Hall of Preserving Harmony 中和殿: the Hall of Central Harmony 长城: the Great Wall 午门: the Meridian Gate 紫金山天文台: Purple and Gold Hills Observation 紫禁城: the Forbidden City 御花园: Imperial Garden 颐花园: Summer Palace 天坛: Temple of Heaven 周口店遗址: Zhoukoudian Ancient Site 太和殿: the Hall of Supreme Harmony 祈年殿: the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest. 少年宫: the Children’s Palace 烽火台: the Beacon Tower 仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢2

各国旅游景点名胜古迹的英语介绍

虽然是在网站上找的,但是还是费了不少的力,希望对你有帮助那我的辛苦也就没有白费了! 1.自由女神像介绍: Out of all of America's symbols, none has proved more enduring or evocative than the Statue of Liberty. This giant figure, torch in hand and clutching a stone tablet, has for a century acted as a figurehead for the American Dream; indeed there is probably no more immediately recognizable profile in existence. It's worth remembering that the statue is - for Americans at least - a potent reminder that the USA is a land of immigrants: it was New York Harbor where the first big waves of European immigrants arrived, their ships entering through the Verrazano Narrows to round the bend of the bay and catch a first glimpse of "Liberty Enlightening the World" - an end of their journey into the unknown, and the symbolic beginning of a new life. These days, although only the very wealthy can afford to arrive here by sea, and a would-be immigrant's first (and possibly last) view of the States is more likely to be the customs check at JFK Airport, Liberty remains a stirring sight, with Emma Lazarus's poem, The New Colossus, written originally to raise funds for the statue's base, no less quotable than when it was written……Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. "Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she With silent lips."Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse to your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door." The statue, which depicts Liberty throwing off her shackles and holding a beacon to light the world, was the creation of the French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, who crafted it a hundred years after the American Revolution in recognition of solidarity between the French and American people (though it's fair to add that Bartholdi originally intended the statue for Alexandria in Egypt). Bartholdi built Liberty in Paris between 1874 and 1884, starting with a terracotta model and enlarging it through four successive versions to its present size, a construction of thin copper sheets bolted together and supported by an iron framework designed by Gustave Eiffel. The arm carrying the torch was exhibited in Madison Square Park for seven years, but the whole statue wasn't officially accepted on behalf of the American people until 1884, after which it was taken apart, crated up and shipped to New York.

天坛公园

天坛 公共汽车颠簸了一阵,便到达了目的地----天坛。我下了车,走进天坛的大门。一刹那间,那公共汽车的拥挤闷热全被忘却了。 已经是傍晚了,人很少。到回音壁的时候,门已经关了,不能进去。我走到天坛的前面,抬头一看。广阔的天空衬出金碧辉煌的天坛,一只孤独的乌鸦栖息在穹顶上,嘶哑地叫了一声,拍着翅膀飞了起来。我低头绕天坛走了一圈,然后停下来,站了一会儿,欣赏着这特殊的气氛。 宏伟的天坛,无声的天空和盘旋着的乌鸦真可入画。凭吊天坛,我触景生能自己。 参考译文:The bus bumped for a while and then reached its destination----the Temple of Heaven. I got off the bus and walked through the main gates. In a moment, the crowed and stifling bus was entirely forgotten.

It was already dusk and there were few people. When I arrived at the Echo Wall, the doors were already closed and I couldn’t get in. I walked up to the Temple of Heaven and looked up. The vast sky set off its brilliance. A solitary crow was perching on the dome. It cawed hoarsely, flapped its wings and took off. I lowered my head and walked round the Temple of Heaven. Stopping, I stood for a while, appreciating the unusual atmosphere. The magnificent Temple of Heaven, the soundness sky and the whirling birds all could have appeared in a scenic picture. That day I went to see the Temple of Heaven, I was moved and thought of past and future of humankind for a long, long time.

北京的一处名胜古迹

北京的一处名胜古迹《故宫》 北京,是中国六朝古都,历史源远流长,保存着较为完整的古代建筑格局。北京,是中华人民共和国的首都,简称京,是中国的政治、文化和国际交往的中心,由此北京有着丰富多彩的古代、现代的人文景观,有着博大精深的文化底蕴。 北京全市面积16807.8平方公里,在北面有军都山,西面有西山,与河北交界的东灵山海拔2303米是北京市的最高峰。境内有密云水库、怀柔水库和十三陵水库;其他还有潮白河、北运河、永定河、拒马河和汤河五大河。 北京的气候属于温带大陆性季风性气候,季节分明:春季略有风沙,气温偏低。夏季炎热,有阵雨。秋季天气晴朗、温和,天高气爽,是旅游的黄金季节;但深秋早晚较凉,中午较热。冬季气候干燥、寒冷,雪较少。 故宫,即在封建王朝统治结束的时候前王朝皇帝所居住工作的宫殿建筑群,现指北京故宫博物院。它就坐落于北京。故宫位于北京市中心,旧称紫禁城。是明、清两代的皇宫,无与伦比的古代建筑杰作,世界现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。被誉为世界五大宫之首(北京故宫、法国凡尔赛宫、英国白金汉宫、美国白宫、俄罗斯克里姆林宫)。 故宫始建于明永乐4年(1406年),1420年基本竣工,是明朝皇帝朱棣始建。故宫南北长961米,东西宽753米,面积约725,000平方米。建筑面积15.5万平方米。相传故宫一共有9999.5间,实际据1973年专家现场测量故宫有房间9999.5间,有人做过形象比喻,说一个人从出生就开始住,每一天住一间房,不重复,要住到27岁才可以出来。宫城周围环绕着高12米,长3400米的宫墙,形式为一长方形城池,墙外有52米宽的护城河环绕,形成一个森严壁垒的城堡。故宫宫殿建筑均是木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座,饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。故宫有4个门,正门名午门,东门名东华门,西门名西华门,北门名神武门。面对北门神武门,有用土、石筑成的景山,满山松柏成林。在整体布局上,景山可说是故宫建筑群的屏障。 故宫的建筑依据其布局与功用分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。“外朝”与“内廷”以乾清门为界,乾清门以南为外朝,以北为内廷。故宫外朝、内廷的建筑气氛迥然不同。 外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心,是皇帝举行朝会的地方,也称为“前朝”。是封建皇帝行使权力、举行盛典的地方。此外两翼东有文华殿、文渊阁、上驷院、南三所;西有武英殿、内务府等建筑。 内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫后三宫为中心,两翼为养心殿、东、西六宫、斋宫、毓庆宫,后有御花园。是封建帝王与后妃居住之所。内廷东部的宁寿宫是当年乾隆皇帝退位后养老而修建。内廷西部有慈宁宫、寿安宫等。此外还有重华宫,北五所等建筑。 故宫严格地按《周礼·考工记》中“前朝后寝,左祖右社”的帝都营建原则建造。整个故宫,在建筑布置上,用形体变化、高低起伏的手法,组合成一个整体。在功能上符合封建社会的等级制度。同时达到左右均衡和形体变化的艺术效果。中国建筑的屋顶形式是丰富多彩的,在故宫建筑中,不同形式的屋顶就有10种以上。以3大殿为例,屋顶各不相同。故

中国名胜古迹的英文名

中国名胜古迹的英文名 十三陵The Ming Tombs 雍和宫Yonghe Lamasery 中华世纪坦China Century Altar 秦始皇陵The Emperor Qin Shihuang's Tomb 天安门广场Tian'anmen Square 华表Ornamental Pillars 人民英雄纪念碑The Monument to the People's Heroes 毛主席纪念堂Chairman Mao Memorial Hall 人民大会堂The Great Hall of the People 故宫The Forbidden City 乾清宫The Palace of Heavenly Purity 坤宁宫The Palace of Earthly Tranquility 御花园The Imperial Garden 九龙壁The Nine Dragon Screen 天坛The Temple of Heaven 回音壁Echo Wall 祈年殿The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest 颐和园The Summer Palace 佛香阁The Tower of Buddhist Incense 石舫The Marble Boat 十七孔桥The 17-Arch Bridge 铜牛Bronze Ox 谐趣园The Garden of Harmonious Interests 长城The Great Wall 居庸关Juyongguan Pass 北海公园: Beihai Park 故宫博物院: the Palace Museum 革命历史博物馆: The Museum of Revolutionary History 天安门广场: Tian’anmen Square 毛主席纪念堂:Chairman Mao Zedong Memorial Hall 保和殿: the Hall of Preserving Harmony 中和殿: the Hall of Central Harmony 长城: the Great Wall 午门: the Meridian Gate 紫金山天文台: Purple and Gold Hills Observation 紫禁城: the Forbidden City

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北京天坛公园的导游词 天坛,世界文化遗产,全国重点文物保护单位,整理了北京天坛公园导游词给大家,可以帮助大家多了解一下天坛公园。 北京天坛公园导游词1 大家好,欢迎大家来到天坛公园,很荣幸认识大家,更荣幸为大家导游。我代表**旅行社对大家的到来表示热烈的欢迎。我叫郭玉萍,希望我们大家都能成为朋友,在游览期间有什么需要帮忙的,或是我们有什么地方做得不够的请大家直接和我们提出来,我们将尽力而为,希望我们大家都能有一次美好的游览经历。今天我们的路线安排是自南向北走,沿着南北轴线依次是圜丘,皇穹宇,祈年殿等。然后由东门出去。 现在我先简单给大家介绍一下天坛. 天坛,位于北京城区的东南部,原是明、清两代皇帝祭天、祈谷的圣地,是世界现存规模最大的祭天建筑群,建于明朝永乐四年至十八年(1406~1420),与紫禁城(故宫)同时兴建。耗时14年,距今已有580多年历史。其占地273公顷,比故宫大3.7倍,略小于颐和园。天坛是通称,它实际有两个坛组成,南为圜丘坛,北为祈谷坛。历代封建皇帝对祭天活动都极为重视,每年要两次亲临天坛祭天。第一次是在农历正月十五日,至祈年殿举行祈谷礼,第二次是在冬至,至圜丘坛禀告五谷业已丰收,感谢天帝的保佑之恩。

现在我们面前的这扇门是北天门,沿着这里进去就是著名的圜丘坛了。 此刻在我们眼前的是圜丘坛,俗称祭天台,它建于明嘉靖九年(1530),清乾隆十四年(1749)扩建,是一座四周由白石雕栏围护的三层石造圆台,通高五米,明、清两代,每年冬至日皇帝亲临的祭天礼仪,就在此坛举行。圜丘坛在建筑形式上,有着许多神奇有趣的说法。各项建筑材料的数学计算均极其精确,其中包含"九"的含义与运用深为中外广大游人所赞叹与称奇。 圜丘坛共分三层,每层四面各有台阶九级。各层铺设的扇面形石板,是九或九的倍数。最上层的中心是一块圆形大理石(称作天心石或太极石),是游人最感兴趣的又一奇妙之处。从中心石向外,第一环为9块,第二环18块,到第九环81块;中层从第十环的90块至十八环的162块;下层从十九环的171块至二十七环的243块,三层共378个"九",为3402块。同时,上层直径为9丈(取一九),中层直径为十五丈(取三五),下层直径为21丈(取三七),合起来45丈,不但是九的倍数,而且还有"九五"之尊的含义。为什么要用九或九的倍数来设计建造祭坛呢?原因是:一、据神话传说,皇天上帝是住在九重天里,用九或九的倍数来象征九重天,以表示天体的至高与至大。二、在我国古代把单数(奇数)看作阳数,而将双数(偶数)视为阴数。天为阳、地为阴。天坛

北京名胜古迹介绍及图片(英文版)

Beijing's Famous Historical Pictures 北京名胜古迹介绍及图片(英文版) Forbidden City Beijing dust storm - Forbidden City north wall The Forbidden City, also referred to as the Palace Museum, is one of the China's mo st significant historical monuments, and the Forbidden City complex is representative of t he traditional classical Chinese architecture of the dynastic period. The entire palace was designed for the viewing pleasure of the emperor only, and few outsiders ever saw the 'I nner Court' part of the city. The Forbidden City was completed in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty. The palace was the home to twenty four Chinese emperors from the Ming and Qin dynasties, spanning o ver 491 years from 1420 and 1911.

北京名胜古迹的介绍

北京是具有世界影响力的历史文化名城,是一座有三千余年历史、850多年建都史的古都。北京历史文化资源丰富,旧城风貌独具特色,中轴线和棋盘格式道路网奠定了旧城的基本格局,紫禁城是世界建筑瑰宝,“胡同—四合院”传统居住形态和传统建筑色彩,具有突出的历史文化价值和城市建筑艺术魅力。深厚的物质文明和精神文明积淀,形成了北京丰厚的历史文化遗产,北京成为当之无愧的东方文明代表城市。 北京是中华人民共和国首都是世界闻名的历史古城、文化名城。是全国的政治、经济、交通和文化中心。这里荟萃了中国灿烂的文化艺术,留下了许多名胜古迹和人文景观。 北京,唐为幽州,辽为燕京,金代为中都城,元代改为大都,明、清称北京。在中国数千年的文明发展史上,先后有燕、前燕、大燕、辽、金、元、明、清八个朝代以北京为都城。各个朝代在北京大兴土木,建造了各具特色的古建筑。有一位名叫马可·波罗的意大利写了《马可·波罗游记》,有对大都城的记述,使这座古城得以传播,名扬世界。公元1368年,元朝统治被推翻,明太祖朱元璋在南京称帝,建立了明朝,将大都更名为北平。之后,燕王朱棣起兵北平,夺得皇位,登上皇帝的宝座,将北平改称北京,暂称“行在”。明成祖朱棣就位后的第一件大事,就是决定把首都从南京迁到他的“龙兴之地”北京。他之所以要迁都北京,主要原因是由于北京“左环沧海,右拥太行,南襟河济,北枕居庸”,“关口不下百十”,“会通漕运便利,天津通海运”的优越地理位置。此外还在于为了控制北方和东北地区,以维护全国的安定。清/顷治八年(1651年),清世祖福临下令大规模重建并更名承天门为“天安门”。后来康熙二十七年(1688年)、1952年的两次大规模修缮,1970年的重修,基本保持了顺治时改建的形制。1970年重修后的天安门比原来的天安门高了83厘米,通高为米(原高为米)。从天安门这座古老建筑500多年的历史轨迹中可知,天安门是中华文明悠久历史的象征,是目睹封建王朝兴衰更迭的历史见证人。 北京名胜古迹景点介绍 【概况】 北京,是中国六朝古都,历史源远流长,保存着较为完整的古代建筑格局。北京,是中华人民共和国的首都,简称京,是中国的政治、文化和国际交往的中心,由此北京有着丰富多彩的古代、现代的人文景观,有着博大精深的文化底蕴。 北京北面有军都山,西面有西山,与河北交界的东灵山海拔2303米是北京市的最高峰。境内有密云水库、怀柔水库和十三陵水库;其他还有潮白河、北运河、永定河、拒马河和汤河五大河。 【北京中心区旅游景点介绍】 以天安门广场为主线,游览天安门城楼,参观人民英雄纪念碑、毛泽东纪念堂、人民大会堂、历史博物馆、故宫、中山公园、景山公园、北海公园。 天安门广场:是世界上最大的城市广场,面积44万平方米,南北长880米,东西宽500米。 天安门:天安门是皇城正门,原名承天门,建于明永乐十五年(公元1417年),清顺治八年(公元1651年)重建,改名为天安门,是皇帝颁发诏令的地方。 中山公园:也称社稷坛,位于天安门西侧,是明清皇帝祭祀土地神和五谷

外国旅游景点名胜古迹的英语介绍修正版

1.自由女神像介绍: Out of all of America's symbols, none has proved more enduring or evocative than the Statue of Liberty. This giant figure, torch in hand and clutching a stone tablet, has for a century acted as a figurehead for the American Dream; indeed there is probably no more immediately recognizable profile in existence. It's worth remembering that the statue is - for Americans at least - a potent reminder that the USA is a land of immigrants: it was New York Harbor where the first big waves of European immigrants arrived, their ships entering through the Verrazano Narrows to round the bend of the bay and catch a first glimpse of "Liberty Enlightening the World" - an end of their journey into the unknown, and the symbolic beginning of a new life. These days, although only the very wealthy can afford to arrive here by sea, and a would-be immigrant's first (and possibly last) view of the States is more likely to be the customs check at JFK Airport, Liberty remains a stirring sight, with Emma Lazarus's poem, The New Colossus, written originally to raise funds for the statue's base, no less quotable than when it was written…… Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mo ther of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. "Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she With silent lips."Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse to your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door." The statue, which depicts Liberty throwing off her shackles and holding a beacon to light the world, was the creation of the French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, who crafted it a hundred years after the American Revolution in recognition of solidarity between the French and American people (though it's fair to add that Bartholdi originally intended the statue for Alexandria in Egypt). Bartholdi built Liberty in Paris between 1874 and 1884, starting with a terracotta model and enlarging it through four successive versions to its present size, a construction of thin copper sheets bolted together and supported by an iron framework designed by Gustave Eiffel. The arm carrying the torch was exhibited in Madison Square Park for seven years, but the whole statue wasn't officially accepted on behalf of the American people until 1884, after which it was taken apart, crated up and shipped to New York. It was to be another two years before it could be properly unveiled: money had to be collected to fund the construction of the base, and for some reason Americans were unwilling - or unable - to dip into their pockets. Only through

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