V-ing 形式做主语和宾语
一．V-ing的形式
动词的-ing形式在句中可做主语和宾语，起一个名词的作用，我们通常称为“动名词”。V-ing形式有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing形式还有主动语态和被动语态。我们以及物动词make和不及物动词go为例，将其v-ing各种形式列
之后，用一般式；v-ing形式表示的动作在主要动词之前发生，用完成式。
Eg: What worried the child most was not being allowed t o visit his mother in the hospital./ Learning English well is very important to all of us./
He was praised for having saved a boy’s life./
二．V-ing形式的基本用法
1. v-ing做主语
1) v-ing形式做主语: 表示抽象的概念，泛指经常性、不具体的动作；通常直接置于句首，谓语动词通常用单数。
Getting up early is a good thing. / Saying without doing is of no use./
Wasting a person’s time is the same as killing him for his property.财产
2）v-ing做主语时，如果其结构较长，可用形式主语it, 而将做主语的v-ing后置。V-ing形式多为某些形容词和名词，此类句型有：
It+ be + a waste of time doing… 做…是浪费时间的/
It + is/was no good/ use doing… 做…是没有用的/
Eg: It isn’t much good writing to them again./
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 腹水难收/
注意: 其他常见的能用于该结构的形容词还有: better, wonderful, enjoyable, interesting, foolish, difficult, useless, senseless, worthwhile等
3）v-ing形式用于“There be”结构中，此类句型有：
There is no doing … 无法，不予许…/ There is no sense doing … 做…没道理/ There is no use doing … 干…没用的/
There is/ was nothing worse than doing… 没用比…更糟的了/
There is/was no point doing… 干…无意义/
4）v-ing的复合结构做主语时，v-ing的逻辑主语要用名词或形容词性物主代词的所有格，通常不用名词的普通格或代词的宾格。
His being late for class made Miss Green very angry. (形容词性的物主代词的所有格形式做逻辑主语) →one’s being + adj. = n.
Mary’s being diligent can not be denied. (名词的所有格形式做逻辑主语)
Your being right doesn’t mean my being wrong. (形容词性的物主代词的所有格形式做逻辑主语)
2. V-ing形式做宾语
1）做动词的宾语：后接-ing形式做宾语的动词和动词短语有advise, admit, appreciate, consider, mind, suggest, fancy, avoid, deny, imagine, finish, excuse, enjoy, permit, resist, risk, stop, understand, explain, tolerate, quit, allow, forbid, miss, pardon, can’t help, can’t stand等。
Eg: I have decided to stop smoking./ Kate don’t fancy going out this evening./ He tried to avoid answering their questions./
a)有些动词后接不定式和v-ing形式做宾语时意义不同；接不定式做
宾语表示尚未发生的动作，接v-ing形式做宾语时表示已经发生的动作。(如: try to do sth.企图干…/ try doing sth.试着干…/ mean to do sth. 打算干…/ mean doing sth.意味着…/ stop doing sth.停止干…/ stop to do sth.停下来去做…/ go on doing sth.继续干…(无间断)/ go on to do sth.停止干手头上的事去做另一件事)
b)当want, need, require作“需要”含义，be worth作“值得”含义时，后
接v-ing的主动形式作宾语，表示被动意义；want, need, require也可接不定式的被动式作宾语(to be done)。
Eg: His car wants repairing/ to be repaired./ This book is worth reading./
c)在allow, advise, forbid, permit等动词后直接跟所有格及动词做宾
语时，要用v-ing形式；如果后面有名词或代词做宾语时，然后再跟宾补（即构成复合宾语），其宾补用带有to的不定式。
Eg: I don’t allow his swimming here. = I don’t allow him to swim here./ We advise their starting early. = We advise them to start early.
d)I would like/ love/ prefer 其后只接不定式形式做宾语。
Eg: I would like to have a single room with a bath./
Jim would love to be taken to the theatre this evening./
2) v-ing的复合结构做宾语时，其逻辑主语可用名词或物主代词的所有格形式，也可用名词的普通格或代词的宾格。
Eg: Would you mind my (me) closing the door?/
3)V-ing作介词的宾语，常用在某些短语之后，这类短语有：look forward to, insist on, think of, give up, depend on, succeed on, devote to, instead of, be busy in等。Eg: I am thinking of buying a new dictionary./
Instead of smiling, each of them made a face./
4)“do + 限定词（my, some, any, the等）+ v-ing” , 表示“做…事”之意。
Eg: We often do our cleaning on Friday afternoon./
Do you do any shopping every weekend./
V-ing形式做表语、定语和宾补的用法
v-ing形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，具有名词的特征，在句中可以做表语、定语、宾补和状语等成分。
1.V-ing形式做表语
1)动名词形式做表语是对作主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语的
位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。
Eg: His duty is cleaning the playground./ My hobby is collecting stamps./
2) 特殊用法：a. v-ing形式和不定式都可表示比较抽象的一般性的行
为；而表示具体的某一次动作，尤其是将来的动作时，多用不定式。
Eg: To obey/ Obeying the law is everyone’s duty./
b. v-ing 形式和不定式都要有对称性：当主语是不定式时，表语也要用不定式形式；当主语是动词的-ing形式时，表语也要用动词的-ing.
Eg: To see is to believe./ Seeing is believing. 眼见为实
c. v-ing形式做表语时相当于形容词或名词。V-ing形式表主动，意为“令某人…的”；过去分词表示被动，说明人的内心感受。
Eg: We are all excited at the exciting news./
2. V-ing形式做定语：
①单个的v-ing 形式做定语时，既可放在被修饰词之前做前置定语，也可放在其后做后置定语。
②v-ing形式的短语做定语，通常放在被修饰词之后做后置定语，其逻辑主语就是所修饰的名词或代词，表示逻辑主语发出的动作，相当于一个定语从句。
③v-ing形式做定语所表示的动作或行为是由其所修饰的名词发出的，在意义上表示主谓关系；或者表示名词的用途，相当于for短语。
a dancing girl = a girl who is dancing/ drinking water= water for drinking
an attacking player./ A little child learning to walk often falls./
He asked an embarrassing question.难堪的问题/
Do you know the man standing at the gate? (= who is standing at the gate)
注意：1）v-ing形式做定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用动词的-ing形式做定语。The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well./
2) v-ing形式做定语时，指正在进行的动作，在意义上表示主谓关系；
动词的-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系，就用它的被动式，即being done, 通常表示正在进行的被动动作，常做后置定语。
There are a lot of boys playing football in the field./
The large building being built will be a school./
The question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.
3）v-ing形式的完成式一般不能做定语，只能做状语，相当于一个状语从句。Not having completed the programme (= Because they haven’t completed the programme), they have to stay there for another two weeks.
# 同学们在复习v-ing做定语时需要掌握以下三个方面的用法：
1)说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途；
They set up an operating table in a small temple./
He may be in the reading room, for all I know./
2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作；
There were about 200 children studying in the art school./
Who is the woman talking to our English teacher?
3)有些动词的-ing形式已经转化成形容词，常做定语用来修饰物，
表示“令人…” 。此类词有：exciting, amusing, amazing, astonishing, shocking, puzzling, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, pleasing, striking, boring, tiring, touching, moving, interesting, satisfying, terrifying, frightening等。
Eg: a terrifying experience可怕的经历/ an amusing success 惊人的成功/ a touching story 感人的故事
3. V-ing形式做宾补的用法：
动词的-ing形式在复合宾语中做宾补，它强调宾语的动作是主动的，又是正在进行的；宾语和宾补之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。可以带这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。
Eg: I saw Tom coming out of the house./ I am sorry I have kept you waiting so long./ 注意：动词的-ing形式与不定式、过去分词做宾补的区别：动词的-ing形式表示动作正在进行或正在发生；不定式表示动作的全过程；过去分词则表示被动或完成的动作。
Eg: I heard them singing that song./ I heard them sing that song./
I heard that song sung./
V-ing 形式做状语的用法
V-ing形式做时间、原因、条件、让步状语时，多位于句首；做结果、方式、伴随状语时，通常位于句末。
1）分词做时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句，
Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of his brother./
a.分词所表示的动作已经发生，谓语动词表示的动作立即发生，可
以用分词短语作时间状语。
Hearing the exciting news, the boy jumped for joy./
b. 分词做时间状语时，分词所表示的动作在进行的过程中，谓语动词表示的的动作也发生了，用v-ing的一般式作状语，其前面一般可加when或while. 例：While working in the factory, he was an advanced worker./ While playing the drum, she got very excited. (打鼓时)
c. 分词短语的动作完成之后，谓语动词表示的动作才发生，用分词的完成式作状语。
We are ready for the examination, having made full preparations.
2) 分词做原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句，同时可以转化为一个原因状语从句；having done 完成形式也可用来作原因状语。
→Being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money.
a. 分词表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，用分词的一般式。例：Not knowing her address, I might as well telephone her to come over. (我只好打电话让她过来)
b. 分词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，用分词的完成式。Having smoked too much, he has suffered from lung cancer./
Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital.
3) 分词做方式或伴随状语, 用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下，分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，可转换为并列句。例：My parents wrote me a letter telling me to change my job./ Followed by his wolf dog, the hunter walked slowly in the forest./
Morris lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 注视着天空
4)分词做条件状语，表示一种假设的情况，相当于一个条件从句。此种情况下，有时在分词短语前加上if, unless,使条件更加明确。
Working hard at your lessons, you are to succeed./
United, we stand; divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡/
Seen in the distance, the village looks more beautiful./
5）分词做让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时分词可带有连词although, whether, even if, even though.
Knowing all this, I still wanted to see it for myself./
Working hard as he did, he still couldn’t succeed./
6) 分词做结果状语，表示必然的结果，通常放在句末，中间有逗号。有时为了突出结果，分词前带有thus。
The big fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.
Football is played all over the world, making it a popular sport.
7) 分词做程度状语，常译为“很，非常，极度”。如果换为very, 句子的语气弱一点。
It is burning hot today./ Mary is an amazing beautiful girl./
8) 分词做评价性状语，有些惯用的分词短语在句子里可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。这类状语称为评论性状语或评注性状语。
generally speaking 一般来说/ strictly speaking 严格来说/
roughly speaking 大致说来/ broadly speaking 广义上来说/
judging from/ by …由…判断/ frankly speaking 坦率地说/
personally speaking 就个人而言/supposing 如果/ considering (the time)
英语动词-ing形式作主语和宾语笔记整理 一、doing与不定式作主语 doing作主语—→通常用来强调一般的，长期的，习惯的事（物） Point: doing 作主语时常会用 it 作形式主语 E.g. It’s no use / good / fun doing sth. 这没什么用/好处/有趣做某事。 It’s a waste of time / money / energy doing sth. 这是浪费时间/金钱/精力做某事。 It’s a hard / good time doing sth. 这是（段）困难/美好的时光做某事。 不定式作主语—→通常用来强调具体的，暂时的，将来的事（物） 二、doing与不定式作宾语 部分及物动词（如：like , love , prefer）后接动宾时可接doing与不定式两种，两者所表达的含义有所不同：doing作宾语—→通常用来强调一般的，长期的，习惯的事（物） 不定式作宾语—→通常用来强调具体的，暂时的，将来的事（物） ★重点记忆 接动词-ing作宾语的及物动词（短语）： 顺口溜串联： 建议完成多练习，避免错过少延期 喜欢想象禁不住，承认否认与嫉妒 忍受保持不介意，逃脱冒险不原谅 接不定式作宾语的及物动词（短语）： 顺口溜串联： 一问三希望，碰巧拒绝同意， 决定假装提出承诺， 渴望设法买得起， 计划准备不失败。
接动词-ing / 不定式作宾语的及物动词： ①动词love , like , hate等后跟动名词和不定式作宾语，但接动名词表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作 ②动词begin , start , continue等后既可跟不定式，又可以跟动-ing形式宾语，意义基本相同 ③一些动词后既可跟动名词做宾语又可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有很大差别： 三、动名词逻辑主语以及其他问题 ①动名词作主语时，形容词性物主代词one’s与名词所有格前置作动名词的逻辑主语，具体形式为：one’s doing ②动名词作宾语时，由形容词性物主代词one’s，人称宾格与名词所有格作动名词的逻辑主语，具体形式为：vt. One’s doing ③逻辑主语位于非谓语动词的最前面： E.g. his not being late. ④动词-ing的肯定形式： 一般时： 主动：doing 被动：being done 完成时： 主动：having done 被动：having been done ⑤动词-ing的否定形式： not + 动词-ing not + having done not having been done （注意：not 一定位于肯定形式的最前面） ⑥在need , want , require 等动词后接动名词，即用主动形式表示被动意义： need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done
（答题时间：20分钟） 一、单项选择 1. Jane, I told you I don’t like ________ when you go out with your friends every night. A. that B. this C. it D. / 2. Sometimes he found ________ very hard to fall asleep at night, so he went to see the doctor. A. him B. this C. that D. it 3. —Who is making such a noise? —________ must be the children. A. It B. They C. He D. You 4. From Mum’s love, patience and understanding, I have learned what a huge responsibility ________ is to raise a child. A. this B. that C. it D. one 5. News services make ________ for newspapers to give their readers news from around the world. A. it is possible B. it possible C. possible D. possible that 二、完形填空： I consider myself something of an expert on apologies. A quick temper has 1me with plenty of opportunities to make them. In one of my earlier 2, my mother was telling me “Don’t watch the 3when you say, ‘I’m sorry’. Hold your head up and look at the person in the 4, so he’ll know you 5it. ” My mother thus made the key point of a(n) 6apology: It must be direct. You must never 7to be doing something else. You do not 8 a pile of letters while apologizing to a person 9in position after blaming him or her for a mistake that turned out to be your 10. You do not apologize to a hostess, whose guest of honor you treat 11, by sending flowers the next day without mentioning your bad 12. One of the important things we should do for an 13apology is a readiness to 14 the responsibility for our careless mistakes. We are used to making excuses, which leaves no 15 for the other person to 16us. Since most people are open-hearted, the no-excuse apology leaves both parties feeling 17about themselves. That, after all, is the 18of every apology. It 19little whether the apologizer is wholly or only partly at fault. Answering for one’s 20encourages others to take their share of the blame. 1. A. provided B. mixed C. compared D. treated 2. A. dreams B. courses C. memories D. ideas 3. A. side B. ground C. wall D. bottom 4. A. mind B. soul C. face D. eye 5. A. imagine B. enjoy C. mean D. regret 6. A. useful B. successful C. equal D. basic 7. A. pretend B. forget C. refuse D. expect
新希望英语语法精讲------“I t”作形式主语和形式宾语“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解 It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是英语学习的主要语法项目之一。无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。一、 It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie. (说谎是错误的。) 〔It为to tell a lie 的形式主语〕 It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕 It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定。) 〔It为who will come 的形式主语〕 It 作形式主语的常见句型： ① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that …. e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。) It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。)
It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。) ② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that …. e.g. It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。) It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party. (没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。) ③ It + be + 过去分词 + that …. 该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc. e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. (据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。) It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world. (大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。) It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami. (据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。) ④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词 + that ….
it作形式主语和形式宾语的用法 it作形式主语和形式宾语的用法 It除了用作代词表示指代意义以外，还可以用作形式主语和形式宾语。这种用法是中学阶段英语学习的主要语法项目之一。纵观历届中考题，无论是单项选择、完型填空，还是句型转换或翻译，it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供读者学习和参考。 一、It 用作形式主语 1．当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it 只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。例如： It is wrong to tell a lie. 说谎是错误的。 It is no use arguing about it. 争吵是没用的。 It is uncertain who will come. 谁要来还不确定。 2．It 作形式主语的常见句型 ① It + be + 形容词+ to do sth. / doing / that ….。例如： It is very important to learn a foreign language. 学一门外语非常重要。 It is useless crying over the spilt milk. 覆水难收。 It was really surprising that she married a man like that.她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。 ② It + be +名词词组+ doing / that ….，例如： It is no good telling lies. 撒谎没好处。 It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. 你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party. 没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。 ③ It + be + 过去分词+ that ….：该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.。例如： It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. 据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。 It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world. 大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。 It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami. 据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。 ④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词+ that ….。例如：
必修四unit2语法---Ving作主语和宾语强化训练题(带答案) 一.用所给动词的正确形式填空 （1） 1.Since then, ________(find) ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. 2.As a young man，he saw the great need for ________(increase) the rice output. 3.Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without ________(expand) the area of the fields. 4.However，he doesn’t care about ____________(be) famous. 5.He enjoys _______(listen) to violin music, ________(play) mah-jong，swimming and reading. 6.________(spend) money on himself or ________(lead) a comfortable life also means very little to him. 7.Just _______(dream) for things，however，costs nothing. 8.Over the past half century, ________(use) chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming. （2） 1.It’s no good ________(smoke)．You’d better give it up. 2.We are considering ________(visit) the Science Museum. 3.Did Jack admit _______________(take) some books without telling anybody? 4.Do you still remember ________(see) him this morning? 5.As a matter of fact，I didn’t mean ______________(argue) with you. 6.His _______(lose) bike made him very upset. 7.He’s been used to ________(go) to bed late. 8.I’m sorry for ________________(not，keep) my promise. 9.Does anybody imagine such a little girl __________(invent) this kind of machine? 10.I hear they’ve promoted Tom，but he didn’t mention _________(promote) when we talked on the
动词ing 做主语、宾语 It took the workmen only two hours to finish _______ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired 2. Have you forgotten ___$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember ____ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing 3. The classroom wants _____. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning 4. Jack said that he wouldn't mind __for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited 5. My brother keeps ___ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 6. We should often practice ___ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking 7. Keep on ____ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. trying D. trying 8. His parents insist on ___ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go 9. The story was so funny that we ___. A. couldn’t help laugh B. can’t bu t laugh C. couldn’t help laughing D. couldn’t help but to laugh 10. Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂贵), it is worth ______. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it 11. He devoted his life to _____ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied 12. We are both looking forward to __ next week. A. going on vocation(休假) B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation 13. Y ou must pay attention to ___ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read 14. Y ou should work tonight instead of _____ TV. A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching 15. The microscope is used for__ minute (微小的) objects. A. examining B. being examined C. examined D. examine 16. Mike has got used ___ up late at night.(stay up) A. to sit B. X C. to sitting D. sitting 17. Once the heart stops _____, death follows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating 18. We are now busy _____ for the examination. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being prepared 19. I remembered ____ this person somewhere before. A. seeing B. having been seen C. seen D. to see 20. I regret ____ that to her. A. having said B. to have said C. to say D. /
2014-2015初中英语形式主语和形式宾语专项练习（有答案） 形式主语或形式宾语指的是：当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作主语或宾语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语或形式宾语置于句首或句中动词之后，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。主要有: 一、it作形式主语 It 作形式主语的常见句型： ①It + be + 形容词+ to do sth. / doing / that …. e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。) It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。) It was really surprising that she married a man like that. (她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。) ②It + be +名词词组+ doing / that …. e.g. It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。) It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party. (没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。) ③It + be + 过去分词+ that …. 该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc. e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. (据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。) It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world. (大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。) It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami. (据报道，至少有十七万人在20XX年那场海啸中丧生。) ④It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词+ that …. e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much. (似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。) It appears that Tom might change his mind. (看来汤姆可能会改变主意。) ⑤若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。 e.g. Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow? (他们明天不来很重要吗？) Is it true that he will go abroad next week? (他下周出国是真的吗？) ⑥It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth. 这是一个表示“(某人)花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式(to do sth.)，句型中的sb.也可以省略。 e.g. It took me some time to read the reading materials (我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。) It took him fourteen hours to go to NewZealand from Shanghai by plane. (从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。) How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train?
The -ing form as the Subject and the Object 教学设计 Contents 教学内容 Discovering useful structures(p.13); Using structures (p. 50) Teaching goals 教学目标 1,Enable students to use the –ing form as subject and object correctly and freely. 2.How to use the-ing form freely .Explaining , discussing and practicing . The importance and difficulties教学重点、难点 1. Inspire Ss to discover the differenxes. 2. Make Ss remenber the different predicate verbs. 课前导学 Discovering The following sentences are from the text. There are some useful structures in them . Let students translate them and pay attention to these boldface words . 1,he cares little about spending the money on himself or leading a comfortable life . (The Object) 2.He also doesn’t care about being famous. (The Object) 3.His other hobbies include playing mah-jong ,swimming and reading. 4.Wishing for things , however , costs noting .(The Object) 5.Since then ,finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal . (The Subject) 6.As a young man , he saw the great need for increasing the rice output . (The Object) 7.Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields .(The Object) 8.Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people .(The Object) 以学定教/展示激学 Teaching procedure Step 1 Warming up Have you ever seen these signs?
初中英语形式主语和形式宾语专项练习及used to do 的用法 三. 形式主语、形式宾语专项练习 1. It's easier _____ than ________. A. say;do B. to say;to do C. says;does D. saying;doing 2. It takes me 30 minutes ________ to school by bike every day. A. going B. to go C. goes D. go 3. It’s not easy ________ us _________ a foreign language. A. for; learning B. of; learning C. of; to learn D. for; to learn 4. Children find___ interesting to play computer games. A. that B. which C. it D. it’s 5. Do you think it important _____ computer well A. play B. plays C. to play D. playing
6. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day A. this B. that C. it D. he 7. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. this B. that C. its D. it 8. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time A. this B. that C. he D. it 9. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder;but _______ didn’t help. A. he B. which C. she D. it 10. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 11. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full.
新希望英语语法精讲------“It”作形式主语和形式宾语 “It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解 It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是英语学习的主要语法项目之一。无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，it 用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。 一、 It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it 只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 . It is wrong to tell a lie. (说谎是错误的。) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕 It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕 It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定。) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕 It 作形式主语的常见句型： ① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that …. . It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。) It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。) It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。) ② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that …. . It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。) It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party. (没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。) ③ It + be + 过去分词 + that …. 该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc. . It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. (据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。) It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world. (大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。) It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami. (据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。) ④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词 + that …. . It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.(似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。) It appears that Tom might change his mind. (看来汤姆可能会改变主意。) ⑤若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。 . Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow (他们明天不来很重要吗) Is it true that he will go abroad next week (他下周出国是真的吗) ⑥ It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth. 这是一个表示“（某人）花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式（to do sth.），句型中的sb.也可以省略。 . It took me some time to read the reading materials.(我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。)It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.(从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。) How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train (从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间) I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there. (我不能肯定，但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿。) 二、It 用作形式宾语
it作形式主语和形式宾语 it既可作人称代词，用来表示动物或无生命的物体等，也可以作无人称代词，在句中作主语，表示“时间”、“距离”、“天气”等。它还可以引导强调句，使语气得以加强。此外，it在句中能作引导词，充当句子中的形式上的成分，如形式主语、形式宾语等。 ㈠it作形式主语：it作形式主语时没有具体的意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去，使句子显得平稳一些。it作形式主语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和主语从句。 1. it代替不定式短语常用于下列句型中： It + be +形容词+ (for/of sb.) to do sth. It + be + 名词+ to do sth. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间 It’s up to sb. to do sth. 干…是某人的职责或义务 如：①It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.遵守法律是每个人的义务。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to obey the law） ②It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.对于一个外国人来说，学习汉语是困难的。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to learn Chinese） ③It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps.把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to use these places as rubbish dumps） ④It took them a year to build the bridge.建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to build the bridge） ⑤It is bad manners to stare at people.瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to stare at people） ⑥It is up to us to help those in need.帮助那些有困难的人是我们的责任。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to help those in need） ⑦It is not up to you to tell me how to do my job.我怎样干我的工作不用你来多嘴。 （it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to tell me how to do my job） ◆ It be + 形容词+ for sb. to do sth.与It be + 形容词+of sb. to do sth.： 如果句型中的形容词描述的是sb.的品质、品格，在逻辑上可以作sb.的表语，则sb.前应用介词of，否则就用for。如：①It’s n ecessary for us to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes.我们用一台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的。
“It”作形式主语和宾语 It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是中学阶段英语学习的主要语法项目之一。纵观历届高考题，无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。现将it 在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。 一、It 用作形式主语 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie. (说谎是错误的。) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕 It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕 It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定。) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕 It 作形式主语的常见句型： ①It + be + 形容词+ to do sth. / doing / that …. e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。) It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。) It was really surprising that she married a man like that. (她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。) ②It + be +名词词组+ doing / tha t …. e.g. It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。) It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party. (没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。) ③It + be + 过去分词+ that …. 该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc. e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. (据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。) It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.