三天搞定英语语法
英语语法分为两个部分。一个部分是词法，即词的构成和词的使用规律。另一个部分是句法，即句子的组成和句子的使用方法。
英语语法的特点可以用三句话来表示：1、每个词都有词性；2、每句话都有动词(实意动词或系动词)；3、每句话都必须符合五个基本句型。
三句话用一句话来说，就是，标出句中每一个单词的词性，找出句中所有动词，并标出其种类和相应的句子成分。理解，掌握，运用好这句话，按照一：词性；二：动词种类；三：动词相对应的句子成分；四：从句；五：非谓语动词方法就能透彻理解英语语法体系。
词的分类
词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功能，可以分成十个大类。
词类词义英语名称缩写形式例词中译
noun n. student 学生
1、名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名
称。
2、代词主要用来代替名词。pronoun pron. you 你
3、形容词表示人或事物的性质或特征。adjective adj. happy 高兴的
4、数词表示数目或事物的顺序。numeral num. three 三
5、动词表示动作或状态。verb v. cut 砍、割
adverb adv. quickly 迅速地
6、副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时
间、地点、程度等。
7、冠词用在名词前,帮助说明名词。article art. a 一个
preposition prep. at 在...
8、介词表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句
子成分的关系。
9、连词用来连接词、短语或句子。conjunction conj. and 和
10、感叹词表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。interjection interj. Oh 哦
词性的分类:
修饰: 形容数冠代词名词
（red）（one）（a/the）（my）wood
1.名词
代替: 代词it 形容词the red 数词one
及物动词drink，eat 副词修饰实意动词
1.行为动词实意动词
不及物动词walk
①be 是I am fat
2.动词 2.系动词②感官smell，taste，feel，sound
③变化get become turn
3.助动词will，shall，be，do，have表否定，疑问，时态，语态，强调
（I am reading）
4.情态动词can，may，must
adj 修饰名
（形容）the man（at the table）
介词+名词
adv 修饰动
3.两靠两不靠（副）stand [at the table]
并列连词and，but，or
连词
从属连词because，when，if
注意：
词的兼类有不少单词不仅仅属于一个词类，辨别一个单词属于何种词类只能在句子当中进行，脱离了具体的语言环境是很难说明一个单词是属于何种词类的。
试看以下两个例句：
（1）He longed to be back home. 他渴望回到家中。
（2）She has long hair. 她有长长的头发。
第一个例句中的long是"渴望"，第二个例句中的long是"长"。这种情况非常常见。
又如：
right adj.对的n.权利
drink v.喝n.饮料
fine v.罚款adj.好的
fly v.飞n..苍蝇
英语语法知识结构简表
专有名词
名词可数名词
普通名词
不定冠词不可数名词
冠词
定冠词
人称代词
物主代词
代词指示代词
反身代词
不定代词
基数词
数词
序数词
比较级
形容词、副词
最高级
及物动词
实义动词
不及物动词
词法分类系动词
情态动词
助动词
动词
动词时态
语态主动语态
形式被动语态
语气不定式
非谓语动词动名词
现在分词
分词
过去分词
介词
并列连接词
连接词
从属连接词
感叹词
句子成分----主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、同位语、宾语（主语）补足语
陈述句
一般疑问句
特殊疑问句
按用途分疑问句选择疑问句
反意疑问句
祈使句
感叹句
主语+谓语（不及物动词）
主语+谓语+宾语
简单句主语+谓语+表语
主语+谓语+双宾语
句子分类主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
并列句and, but, or
主语从句
宾语从句
名词性从句表语从句
句法同位语从句
限定性定语从句
定语(形容词性)从句
按结构分复合句非限定性定语从句
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
条件状语从句
目的状语从句
状语从句（副词性从句）原因状语从句
让步状语从句
方式状语从句
结果状语从句
比较状语从句
强调句
倒装句
特殊句型关于it句型
插入疑问句型
否定句型
动词的种类
一、什么是动词：
动词是用来表示主语做什么（即行为动词），或表示主语是什么或怎么样（即系动词）的词，例如：
The boy runs fast.（这个男孩跑得快。）runs表示主语的行为。
He is a boy.（他是个男孩。）is与后面的表语a boy表示主语的状态。
二、动词的分类：
动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类，即行为动词（也称实意动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。（一）行为动词
行为动词（实意动词）是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整，可以单独作谓语。例如：
I live in Beijing with my mother.（我和我妈妈住在北京。）live，住
It has a round face.（它有一张圆脸。）has，有
（二）连系动词
连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词，它虽有词义，但不完整，所以不能单独作谓语，必须跟表语一起构
成合成谓语，例如：
We are in Grade Two this year.（今年我们在两年级。）are，是
are 这个词的词义“是”在句子中常常不译出。
连系动词可具体分为三类：
1、表示“是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式，is，am，are，was，were，have/has been等要特别予以注意。例如：
He is a teacher.（他是个教师。）
He was a soldier two years ago.（两年前他是个士兵。）
We are Chinese.（我们是中国人。）
2、表示“感觉”的词，如look（看起来），feel（觉得，摸起来），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来），taste（尝起来）等，例如：
She looked tired.（她看一去很疲劳。）
I feel ill.（我觉得不舒服。）
Cotton feels soft.（棉花摸起来很软。）
The story sounds interesting.（这个故事听起来很有趣。）
The flowers smell sweet.（这些花闻起来很香。）
The mixture tasted horrible.（这药水太难喝了。）
3、表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词，如become, get, grow, turn, 都解释为“变”、“变得”，例如：
She became a college student.（她成了一名大学生。）
He feels sick. His face turns white.（他感到不舒服，他的脸色变苍白了。）
The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.（春天来了，天气变得暖和些了，白天也变得较长些了。）
He grew old.（他老了。）
[难点解释]
注意区别以下一些动词的用法，它们既可以作为行为动词，又可以作为连系动词。
1、look看；看起来
He is looking at the picture.（他正在看这图片。）行为动词
It looks beautiful.（它看上去很美丽。）连系动词
2、feel摸；感觉
1）I felt someone touch my arm.（我感到有人碰我的手臂。）行为动词
Are you feeling better today than before?（你今天比以前感到好些了吗？）连系动词
3、smell嗅；闻起来
My little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it.（我的小弟弟喜欢在吃苹果前闻一闻。）行为动词
Great! The flowers smell nice.（这些花闻起来多香啊！）连系动词
4、sound弄响，发音；听起来
The letter “h” in hour is not sounded.（在hour这个词中字母h是不发音的。）行为动词
The gun sounded much closer.（枪声听起来更近了。）连系动词
5、taste辨味；尝起来
Please taste the soup.（请尝一口汤。）行为动词
The soup tastes terrible.（这汤尝起来味道太差了。）连系动词
6、get得到，获得；变
There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one.桌上有些香蕉，你们每个人可以拿一个。行为动词
7、grow生长，种植；变
Do you grow rice in your country?（你们的国家种水稻吗？）行为动词
It’s too late. It’s growing dark.（太迟了，天渐渐变暗了。）连系动词
8、turn转动，翻动，使变得；变
The earth turns around the sun.（地球绕着太阳转。）行为动词
When spring comes, the trees turn green and the flowers come out.（春天来了，树叶变经绿了，花儿开了。）连系动词
上述句子中的动词如grow、get、turn等，既可以作连系动词，又可以作行为动词。如何来辨别它们呢？有一个最简便的方法，即用连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词，句子仍然成立就是连系动词；反之，不能替换的，就是行为动词。例如：
The trees turn/are green when spring comes.（春天来临，树叶变绿。）
The earth turns around the sun.（地球绕着太阳转。）
这第二句句子中的turn是行为动词，意为“转动”。无法以is替换。
（三）助动词
这类词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能与主要动词一起构成谓语，表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问，例如：
He does not speak English well.（他英语讲得不好。）
句中的does是助动词，既表示一般现在时，又与not一起构成否定形式。
A dog is running after a cat.（一条狗正在追逐一只猫。）
句中的is 是助动词，和run的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。
Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast? （他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗？）
句中的did是助动词，既表示一般过去时，又和动词have一起构成疑问。
（四）情态动词
这类词本身虽有意义，但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态，如“可能”、“应当”等。这类动词有can, may, must, need, dare, could, might等。它们不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词（原形）一起作谓语，表示完整的意思，例如：
I can dance.（我会跳舞。）can, 能, 会
He can’t walk because he is a baby.（因为他是个婴儿，不会走路。）can’t, 不必
May I come in？（我可以进来吗？）may, 可以
三、及物动词与不及物动词
行为动词（即实义动词）按其是否需要宾语，可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。
（一）、及物动词
后面必须跟宾语，意思才完整，例如：Give me some ink, please.（请给我一些墨水。）
If you have any questions, you can raise your hands.（如果你们有问题，你们可以举手，。）
（二）、不及物动词
后面不能跟宾语，意思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词，构成短语动词，相当于一个及物动词。例如：He works hard.（他工作努力。）
Jack runs faster than Mike.（杰克跑步比迈克要快些。）
Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.（请看黑板，听我说。）
He got an “A” this time because he went over his lessons carefully.（这次他得了个“A”，因为他仔细地复习了功课。）[难点解释]
1、许多动词可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，他阅读中必须仔细体会和区别，例如：
Who is going to speak at the meeting?（谁打算在会上发言？）speak, 不及物动词
Few people outside China speak Chinese.（在中国外很少人讲汉语。）speak,及物动词
2、要特别注意有些动词英汉之间的差异。某些词在英语中是不及物的，而在汉语中却是及物的。有时则相反。例如：He is waiting for you.（他在等你。）英语wait为不及物动词，汉语“等”为及物动词。
Serve the people.（为人民服务。）英语serve为及物动词，汉语“服务”为不及物动词。
简单句的五种基本句型
1.主语+谓语动词S+V 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如: He laughed. John has read widely. He lives in London.
2. 主语+谓语动词+宾语S+V+O 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语。如: Our team beat all the others.
3. 主语+系动词+表语 S+V+P 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。常见的系动词 有:be(是),become(成为),get(变得),turn(变得),grow(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起 来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(保持)等。如: The rose smells sweet.
4.主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 S+V+INO+DO 此句型的特点是:谓语动词跟有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,通常需要加介词for 或to 。可跟双宾语answer,bring,buy,find,get,give,lend,make,pass,pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell,write 等。如: Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Would you please give this dictionary to Li Hua?
5. 主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语 S+V+O+OC 此句型的特点是:谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。如: We must keep our school clean. They made him their monitor.
【注】S=Subject(主语); V=Verb(谓语动词); P=Predicative(表语); O=Object(宾语); INO=Indirect Object(间接宾语); DO=Direct Object(直接宾语); OC=Object Complement(宾语补足语)
英语词类与句子成分关系图：
主语（subject ）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It 形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
谓语（predicate ）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep.
宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. (形容词) I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
句子成分 词类或短语 主语* 谓语
宾语*
表语*
定语* 状语* 宾语 补足语 名词 √√√ × √√√ √√ √ × √ 代词 √√√ × √√√ √√ √√
×
× 形容词 × × × √√√ √√√ ×
√√ 数词 √ × √ √ √√√ × √ 动 词 时态语态形式 × √√√ ×
× × × × 动词不定式 √√ × √√ √ √ √√ √√√ 动名词 √√ × √√√ √
√ × × 动词现在分词 × × × √ √ √√ √√√ 动词过去分词
× × × √ √ √√ √√ 副词 × × × √ √ √√√ √
介词短语
×
×
×
√√
√
√√
√
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me（间宾）a book （直宾）yesterday.
Give the poor man（间宾）some money（直宾）.
定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Miss Yang is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend. （代词）
We belong to the third world. （数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）
The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）
I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）
You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）
状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、让步和伴随。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）
I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well. The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.
宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。宾语与宾补的关系=主语与系语的关系
We elected him monitor. He is（名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.（名）
It is
We will make them happy.They are （形容词） We found nobody in. is ( 副词)
Please make yourself at home. You are 介词短语）Don’t let hi m do that. （省to不定式）逻辑上主谓关系
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）
Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）逻辑上的宾关系
He was elected monitor.宾补逻辑上主谓关系She was found singing in the next room.
宾谓宾谓宾补
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
宾谓宾补
表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）
Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）
His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）
To wear a flower is to say I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）
The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）
（常见的连系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,
taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）...等等)
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
1、主谓不及物
1、实义→行为
2、主谓宾
主谓宾2、行为发出者→主语3、主谓宾宾补
3、行为的对象→宾语
4、主谓间宾直宾→间人直物1、to do
2、代
1、系动词无实义1、名词←→主〓表3、数
↓4、名
主系表2、连系主语和表语5、名词性句
↓6、动词—ing 动名词
3、表语对主语起注明的作用1、形
2、形容词（主表）2、介词短语
3、动词—ing 形容词性
3、副词
4、副
（一）【状语从句】
种类连接词（即从属连词）注意点
时间状语when, whenever, while, as,
before, after, until, till, by
the time, as soon as,
hardly…when, no
sooner…than, the moment,
the minute, immediately,
directly, instantly
主句表示将来意义时，从句须用一般现在时；while引导的从句中动词
一般是延续性的；until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的，而否定句
中主句动词为短暂性的。
I was doing my homework when he came in.
地点
状语
where, wherever Wherever you go, you must be kind to others.
原因状语because, as, since, now that
because语气最强，since较弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as次之。
I like English because it's very useful.
Since everyone is here, let’s begin our class.
条件状语if, unless, once, in case, as
long as, on condition that
从句中动词时态不可用将来时，常用一般时代替，即所谓主将从现
I'll go to the park if it is fine tomorrow.
Unless bad weather stops me, I go for a walk every day.
目的状语so that, in order that, for
fear that
so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情态动词
She came back to my home so that she could borrow my bike yesterday.
结果
状语
so…that, such…that It's so cold outside that nobody wants to go out.
（二）【宾语从句】
引导词（即从属连词）引导词的作用举例
that 本身无意义，只起
连接作用，口语中
可省略
He said (that) the fastest way to travel was by plane.
If/whether 意为“是否”，不做
句子成分，但不能
省略Let's see if /whether we can find out some information about that city.
What, which, who, whose, whom等连接代词在从句中做一定的
成分，如主语、宾
语、定语等
Please tell me whom we have to see.
The teacher told us whose writing was the best in our class.
When （指时间），where （指地点），why（表原因），how（表方式）等连接副词在从句中做状语Do you know where we can stay on the island?
He asked me when I was going to write a letter to Jim.
（三）【定语从句】
关系词（即从属连词）作用先行
词
例句
That, who, whom(只做宾语）主语
宾语
表语
人Do you know the girl who/that is wearing a red coat?
I don't know the girl that /whom you are waiting for.
That，which 主语
宾语
表语物
时间
地点
原因
She can't find the pen that /which I lent to her.
The school that /which we visited is very beautiful.
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together?
比较状语than, as…as, not so/as…as,
the m ore…the more
He doesn't run as fast as Bill.
John is taller than his brother.
方式状语as if, as though, as
as if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。
He spoke as if he knew everything.
让步状语though, although, even if, even though, as,
no matter what, whatever, no matter who,
whoever, no matter which, whichever, no
matter how, however, no matter when,
whenever
as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although和though
用正常语序，可和yet连用，但不可和but连用
Though they are poor, they are very happy.
Poor as they are , they are very happy.
I won't mind even if he doesn't come here.
whose 定语人The boy whose mother is a teacher studies very hard.
whose 定语物He house whose window is open is mine.
when 状语时间I still remember the day when you come here.
where 状语地点This is the factory where my father works.
why 状语原因Do you know the reason why he was late?
总结：英语学习的三个阶段
英语学习对于大多数学生来说，不是乐趣，而是烦恼。烦恼的根源在于学习不得法，没有能够把握英语学习的规律。王国维先生谈为学，有三境界之说：一境“昨夜西风凋碧树，独上高楼，望尽天涯路”，二境“衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴”，至于最后一境“众里寻她千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在灯火阑珊处”，三种境界犹如进门、登堂、入室。我个人以为，英语学习不妨分为三个阶段。
第一阶段，进门。进门的关键是多与英语文字接触，多培养对文字的感觉，有了量的积累才能厚积薄发。接触的方式可以多种多样，可以听写，可以朗读，可以背诵，甚至可以抄写。但一定要选适合自己水平的，自己感兴趣的文字，然后坚持不懈认真读听写，英语水平定能提高。
第二阶段，登堂。登堂的关键是在与英语文字的多接触的基础之上，研究英语文字的组词造句的规律，以吃透语法。英语语法如果用一个词来概括就是动词。可以说，英语语法就是围绕动词的。把动词的种类先理清楚，然后主谓宾，主系表句型的概念就清楚了，然后是从句和非谓语动词。英语语法就全部理解通了。
第三阶段：入室。对于英语文字有了很多接触，语法理解透了，再进行相应的专题训练。毕竟，学的再好，还要看考试成绩。考试有考试的规律，都有一个从懂到会，由会到熟的过程。不断的用各类英语试卷真题和模拟卷进行练习，然后再认真进行错题总结，反复朗读，复习错题，保证以后考试中会做的不错就是上上了。
研究生考试考察的是不同阶段的学生对文本的提取与分析能力、逻辑思维以及学生能否辩证地、批判性地看待问题。学生只有通过要多读书，多训练，多思考，训练自己的思维，最终才能取得达到学习目标，以后工作生活中再遇到新问题，也能得心应手地解决。
高考英语语法练习题精选 1. --Hello, this is . A. How are you? B. Will you come tonight? C. Can I take a mesage? D. Is that Mike? 2. Tom suggested that we __________such a meeting, but Jenny insisted that it _________of great importance. A. not hold ; should be B. didn't hold ; be C. hold ; was D. not hold ; was 3. You should take the medicine after you read the __________. A. lines B. instructions C. words D. suggestions 4. --Hi, Tracy, you look tired. --I am tired. I__________ the living-room all day. A. painted B. have been painting C. had painted D. have painted 5. I'm sorry. I _____________ you__________ to me. A. don't know; are speaking B. don't know ;were speaking C. didn't know; were speaking D. didn't know; are speaking 6. "Please __________why you're so late," said his girlfriend. A. excuse B. explain C. apologize D. tell 7. The rescue team made every __________ to find the missing mountain climber.
三天搞定英语语法 英语语法分为两个部分。一个部分是词法，即词的构成和词的使用规律。另一个部分是句法，即句子的组成和句子的使用方法。 英语语法的特点可以用三句话来表示：1、每个词都有词性；2、每句话都有动词(实意动词或系动词)；3、每句话都必须符合五个基本句型。 三句话用一句话来说，就是，标出句中每一个单词的词性，找出句中所有动词，并标出其种类和相应的句子成分。理解，掌握，运用好这句话，按照一：词性；二：动词种类；三：动词相对应的句子成分；四：从句；五：非谓语动词方法就能透彻理解英语语法体系。 词的分类 词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功能，可以分成十个大类。 词类词义英语名称缩写形式例词中译 noun n. student 学生 1、名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名 称。 2、代词主要用来代替名词。pronoun pron. you 你 3、形容词表示人或事物的性质或特征。adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4、数词表示数目或事物的顺序。numeral num. three 三 5、动词表示动作或状态。verb v. cut 砍、割 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 6、副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时 间、地点、程度等。 7、冠词用在名词前,帮助说明名词。article art. a 一个 preposition prep. at 在... 8、介词表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句 子成分的关系。 9、连词用来连接词、短语或句子。conjunction conj. and 和 10、感叹词表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。interjection interj. Oh 哦 词性的分类: 修饰: 形容数冠代词名词 （red）（one）（a/the）（my）wood 1.名词 代替: 代词it 形容词the red 数词one
一、选择题 1．The poor woman lives _________.But she never feels ________. A．alone; lonely B．lonely; lonely C．alone; alone D．lonely; alone 2．My sister is too young to_______herself_______. A．look at;good B．look like;well C．look after;good D．look after;well 3．—You’re going to Hong Kong. What are you doing_______? —I’m going sightseeing. It will be ________time in Hong Kong. A．to there; the first B．there; my first C．in there; my first D．there; my the first 4．Jack sings _________ and he is a _________ singer(歌手). A．nice; good B．well; good C．good; well 5．—How often does he watch TV? —He watches TV. A．hard ever B．ever C．never 6．—Susan, someone is waiting for you on the phone. It_______ be your sister, but I’m not sure.— Oh, please tell her to call me_______ be cause I’m busy now. A．might; later B．must; later C．might; late D．must; late 7．Li Hua studies very_______ and her English is_______ in her class. A．hardly; good B．hardly; well C．hard; best D．hard; the best 8．My brother plays soccer . A．good B．well C．great 9．My mother usually at 5:30 in the afternoon. A．get home B．get to home C．gets to home D．gets home 10．—I can’t find my dog. —________ you can ask the policeman for help. A．Why not B．May be C．Shall D．Perhaps 11．We’ll meet kinds of difficulti es in our lives in the future.We should learn to be ________any challenge! A．confident enough to take on B．active enough to take up C．enough careful to take up D．enough patient to take on 12．—Do you often go shopping with your mom, Mike? —You know, most boys ________ go shopping, but I do. A．sometimes B．usually C．hardly 13．Suzy felt _________ when she studied __________ in London. A．alone; lonely B．alone; alone C．lonely; lonely D．lonely; alone 14．—Kitty is very good at musical instruments.
【英语】英语语法填空专题练习(及答案)及解析 一、语法填空 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A hotel chain is employing human bed warmers to help guests get a good night's sleep. ________ (dress) in special all-in-one sleeping suits, the walking electric blankets are sent to warm the beds of guests staying at the Holiday Inn ________ they get under the covers. Dr Chris Idzikowski, ________ (direct) of the Edinburgh Sleep Centre, said the idea could help people get off to sleep. He ________ (explain) that "There's plenty of scientific evidence to show that sleep starts at the beginning of the night ________ body temperature starts to drop. The drop occurs partly because the blood vessels (血管) ________ the hands, face and feet open up and release heat." "A warm bed –approximately 20 to 24 degrees Celsuis –is ________ good way to start this process while a cold bed isn't. It helps people sleep well especially as it's taking much ________ (long) for them to warm up when they come in from the snow." Dr Chris Idzikowski and ________ (he) colleague Jane Bednall said the idea was like "having a giant hot water bottle in your bed". The five-minute free bed warming sessions will be tried out in London and Manchester ________ the end of next month. 【答案】 Dressed；before；director；explained；when；of；a；longer；his；at 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款新发明的暖床器以及使用暖床器的好处。 （1）考查非谓语动词。句意：行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。动词dress与这句话的主语the walking electric blankets之间是被动关系，故填Dressed。 （2）考查状语从句。句意：行走的电热毯将会穿着特制的连体睡衣被送去假日酒店在客人上床之前给客人进行暖床。根据句意，客人睡觉之前需要暖床，故填before。 （3）考查名词。句意：爱丁堡睡眠中心的主任Chris Idzikowski博士说，这个办法能帮助人们更好地入睡。空格前是一个人名，两个逗号之间的部分是这个人名的同位语，所以应填一个表示人的名词。故填director。 （4）考查时态。句意：他解释，有充分科学依据显示，入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。由上一句中said使用的是一般过去时可知，这句话也应使用一般过去时。故填explained。 （5）考查定语从句。句意：他解释，有充分科学依据显示，入夜人体体温开始下降的时候就是睡眠产生的时候。根据句意，这是一个定语从句，先行词为the beginning of the night，并且先行词在从句中做时间状语，故填关系词when。 （6）考查介词。句意：人体温度之所以会下降，部分原因在于，（这时）人的手部、脸部以及脚部的血管开始扩张，散发了热量。空前前后都是名词，所以空格处应填介词，the blood vessels与the hands之间属于所属关系，故填of。 （7）考查冠词。句意：温暖的床（温度大约在20到24摄氏度之间）有助于人们入睡而冰冷的床则会妨碍人们入睡。空格位于谓语动词后，空格后为一个可数单数名词短语，所以空格处应填不定冠词。“good”是以辅音音素开始的，故填a。
初中英语语法讲解 在中考单项选择试题中，除了时态，名词的考查频率也较高。一般考查以下几点： 一、可数名词与不可数名词 在可数名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类，（1）分辨是哪一类名词，并根据结论做选择。（2）可数名词复数的不规则变化。（3）不可数名词的量化表达。所以，考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。其次，还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则。可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es，如： 1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos hat---hats bag---bags photo---phot os 2bus---buses box---boxes watch---watches brush---brushes 3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes hero---heroes Negro---Negroes 4 leaf---leaves knife---knives 5baby---babies family---families 另外，还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式，如： Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen Russian---Russians American---Americans
German --- Germans child---children foot---feet man---men woman---women tooth---teeth goose --- geese deer---deer sheep---sheep 还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有：a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of 另外，大家应注意：单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化：单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数，意义上都是复数，因此，一般要与复数谓语动词连用，例如： Class Five have a foreign friend. 五班有一位外国朋友。（这里的五班指五班的同学的。） His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。（很显然，这里的family指家庭成员。）当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时，意义上则是单数，因此，要与单数谓语动词连用。例如， Our school team often plays well in our city. 我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。（这里的team 指整个队，但意义上仍为单数，故谓语动词用plays. 初中英语语法讲解二、名词所有格 名词所有格有两种形式：一是加’s，一种是用of来表示。一般情况
一、选择题 1．My grandfather is 85 years old. he's in excellent condition. A．Or B．And C．As D．So 2．Tony is English ________ he is thirteen years old. A．but B．and C．or D．so 3．—Alice didn't go to the party ______her illness. —I'm sorry to hear that. A．because B．but C．so D．because of 4．-- I bought Granny a present, ＿＿＿ she didn't like it. A．but B．and C．or D．so 5．Plan ahead for everything, _______ you will have a hurry life. A．and B．or C．for D．but 6．My brother will get up early tomorrow morning ___________ he must go to bed now. A．and B．but C．so D．or 7．I live far away from my school, ________ I have to get up early every day. A．and B．but C．so D．or 8．— Would you like some cakes? — No, thanks. They smell delicious I’m not hungry. A．and B．so C．but D．or 9．Lucy is my classmate,_______ she is twelve too. A．because B．but C．so D．and 10．I know her, ____________I forget（忘了）her name. A．so B．and C．but 11．He speaks English French. He speaks Chinese. A．either; or B．not only; but also C．both; and D．neither; nor 12．The UK is a small__________beautiful country. A．and B．but C．so 13．—What happened just now? —A car hit an old man at the crossing. He was hurt, not too bad. A．and B．or C．so D．but 14．His schoolbag _____ his baseball are on the sofa,____ his clock is not. A．and ,and B．but, but C．and ,but D．but, and 15．—Let’s talk about the result of the survey. —________ many students like to watch sports shows, ________ game shows are the most popular. A．Although; but B．Although; / C．But; although D．But; /
一、选择题 1．Peter would like a bowl of ________noodles. A．tomato and egg B．tomato and eggs C．tomatoes and eggs D．tomatoes and egg 2．________wild animals are disappearing because of the ________of their living areas. A．The number of; lost B．The number of; losing C．A number of; lose D．A number of; loss 3．I’m hungry. I want some _________. A．water B．bread C．toys D．homework 4．Is it a picture_________ your school? A．of B．to C．and D．with 5．There are two________ near our school. A．shoe shops B．shoes shops C．shoe's shops D．shoes' shops 6．---- _________ is it from Nanjing to Beijing? --- It’s less than three ___________ flight. A．How long, hour’s B．How far, hour’s C．How long, hours’D．How far, hours’ 7．There is a______ shop and two_______ shops not far away from my school. A．sports; shoe B．sports; shoes C．sport; shoe D．sport; shoes 8．—I hear your family have made up their ________ to India next month. Have a pleasant journey. —Thank you. A．mind travelling B．minds travelling C．mind to travel D．minds to travel 9．—Do you know Shanghai is one of _______ in the world? —Yes, it’s bigger than _______ city in China. A．the biggest city; any B．the biggest cities; any C．the biggest cities; any other D．the biggest cities; the other 10．Some ________went to Japan to help when they knew that many ________ lost their homes in the earthquake. A．Germen; Japanese B．Frenchmen; Japaneses C．Germans; Japanese 11．There________some water in the bottle. A．is B．am C．are D．be 12．________the________Mike’ s and Jack’s? A．Is, rooms B．Are, room C．Are, rooms D．Is, room 13．Good food and_______help her_______better. A．exercise; study B．exercise; studies
中学英语语法专项训练6—介词 中学英语介词讲解 1.介词的含义， 介词（虚词），不能在句子中独立充当成分。它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类或短语活从句前。 中考需要掌握的11 个介词：in、on^ atx to> from、by> with、for、aboutx after> before 表示时间的介词 A.典型例题： 1.in 1996 / in 2002 / in 1847 （年份） 2.ui October / in February / in March （月份） 3?in spring / in summer / in autumn / in winter （季节） 4.in a week / in a year 在 1 周 / 年中 5?in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening 在上午 / 下午 / 晚上 in those days 在当时 / in no time 立亥9 / in the daytime 在白天 / in the future 在将来 / in one minute在1分钟内/最后in the end 表示较长时间（长于一天或乔一天）如：年、年份、月份、季节、周、上午、下午、晚上以及一些习惯用法中要用介词“inS B.典型例题： 1.at ten o' clock / at seven thirty. （表示某一钟点） 2.at noon / at night / at midnight （在中午、晚上、半夜---------- 一天中相对短暂的时间） 3.at the age of twenty / al the age of thirty-five （表示某一年龄） 4.at that time 在那时 / at the moment 这时、那时、此刻 / at first 首先 / at last 最后= in the end / at once立刻、马上/ at / on （the） weekends在周末/在一年中的这个时候 at this time of year / 在........ 开始/结束时at the beginning /end of 表示时I乔勺某一点（或表示某时刻）如：钟点、年龄或長衣的习惯用法中要用“at”。 C.典型例题： 1? on Monday / on Tuesday / on Wednesday / on Friday 2? on January 1 / on April 18 / on May 31 3.on January 1, 1988 / on April 1& 2002 / on Maj r 31,1977 4.on Monday morning / on Tuesday afternoon / on Wednesday evening 5.on a winter morning / on a summer evening / on a autumn afternoon 6.on the morning of May fifth 7.on my birthday / on that day / on New Year* s Day / on the first two days / on Christmas Day 8.值日on duty / 准时on time / 表示某一天或者特立（某一天上下午）的时间用介词“on”。 D.典型例题： 1.for two hours / for three days 2? for hundreds of years 3? for the last three years / for the past three years 4? for a while
【英语】高二英语语法填空模拟试题含解析 一、高中英语语法填空 1．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since ________ first fully artificial plastic was invented in 1907, humans ________(find) innumerable uses for the material. It has found ________(it) way into our tools, our clothes and even our bodies. In a new study in ________(environment) science and technology, researchers estimate the average American eats more than 50,000 pieces of microplastic particles, ________(small) than 5 millimeters in length every year and breathes in another 50,000. Although the health ________(effect) of consuming these tiny bits of plastic are unclear, researchers stress the real volume that people are ________(casual) swallowing is alarming. The largest contributor came ________ drinking bottled water, in ________ the bottle itself added more than 32 times more plastic to a diet ________(compare) with tap water, The Guardian reports. 【答案】the；have found；its；environmental；smaller；effects；casually；from；which；compared 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了人工塑料渗入到我们生活的方方面面。在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中，研究人员估计，美国人平均每年吃掉5万多块塑料微粒，这些微粒的长度小于5毫米，再吸入5万粒塑料微粒。主要诱因是饮用瓶装水。（1）考查冠词。句意：自从1907年第一个完全人工塑料被发明以来。根据first可知此处用冠词the。故填the。 （2）考查时态。句意：人类已经发现了这种材料的无数用途。since引导的时间从句要用一般过去时，主句要用现在完成时。分析句子成分可知，主语是humans，故谓语动词为have found。故填have found。 （3）考查代词。句意：它已经渗入我们的工具、我们的衣服甚至我们的身体。way是名词，此处应该用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填its。 （4）考查形容词。句意：在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中。此处要用形容词修饰名词science and technology（科学与技术）。故填environmental。 （5）考查形容词。句意：美国人平均每年吃掉5万多块塑料微粒，这些微粒的长度小于5毫米，再吸入5万粒塑料微粒。根据than可知此处要用形容词比较级。故填smaller。（6）考查名词。句意：尽管食用这些小塑料碎片对健康的影响尚不清楚。根据the health 是主语的一部分，可知此处用名词作主语，且谓语动词是are，故用可数名词复数，填effects。 （7）考查副词。句意：但研究人员强调，人们随意吞下的塑料碎片的实际数量令人担忧。此处要用副词修饰动词swallowing 。故填casually。 （8）考查介词。句意：最大促成物来自饮用瓶装水。come from，固定短语，“来自”。故填from。 （9）考查定语从句。句意：瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的32倍多。分析句子成分可知，先行词为drinking bottled water，指物，且作in的宾语，故此处填which。故填which。
一、选择题 1．—_________ is it from Wuxi to Shanghai? —It’s about ________ drive. A．How long; a two hours’B．How far; a two-hours C．How far; two hours’D．How long; a two-hour 2．________the________Mike’ s and Jack’s? A．Is, rooms B．Are, room C．Are, rooms D．Is, room 3．— Do you know all the names in your class, Mr King? —No, only part of them. A．student B．students C．student’s D．students’4．Alan usually goes to Harbin in .He likes playing with snow. A．May B．July C．September D．November 5．Is it a picture_________ your school? A．of B．to C．and D．with 6．—Let’s make a banana milk shake. —How many ________ do we need? A．bananas B．cup of milk C．honey 7．—Do _________ like going to ___________? —I don’t know. A．woman teachers, clothes shops B．women teachers, clothes shops C．woman teachers, sport shops D．women teachers, vegetables shops 8．—I hear your family have made up their ________ to India next month. Have a pleasant journey. —Thank you. A．mind travelling B．minds travelling C．mind to travel D．minds to travel 9．—Do you know Shanghai is one of _______ in the world? —Yes, it’s bigger than _______ city in China. A．the biggest city; any B．the biggest cities; any C．the biggest cities; any other D．the biggest cities; the other 10．—What does your mother have for dinner？ — A．Chickens and tomato B．Chicken and tomatoes．C．Chicken and tomato．11．My sister and I like eating two _______ and some _______ for dinner. They are really delicious. A．salad; eggs B．salads; eggs C．salad; eggs D．salads; egg 12．—Do you think it is _______good advice? —Yes, it’s really _______useful suggestion.
初中英语语法分类讲解--- 名词 专有：（指人名、地名、江河湖海名称、书名等...）book/Beijing/CCTV... 名词的分类： 普通：（指一类人、事物、物质、或抽象名词等...）host/book/kid... 复合：是有两个或两个以上构成的相对稳定的词。outcome/rainfall... 名词功能：作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等... 名词的数：可数和不可数名词变复数（详见语法书） 名词的格:（详见语法书） 名词化：形容词、基数词、序数词等...（详见语法书） 注：名词练习题见附件 一、冠词冠词分：不定冠词（a/an）和定冠词（the） 不定：表泛指某人或某事、表类别、表同类中的某一个、每一等... 定：表特指人或物、上文提到过的人或事物、某类的全体等... 零冠词：物质抽象专有名词前、月份星期季节名词前、学科语言名词前、泛指人类等... 冠词的位置：名词或名词短语前、so...that/ too...to等... 以上内容详见语法书 注：冠词练习题见附件 三：数词基数：构成123456789等... 写法和读法语法用法等... 序数词：构成first second third等... 写法和读法语法用法等数词的应用：年月日、时间编号、加减乘除的读法、分数表达法、百分数等...
以上内容详见语法书注：数词练习题见附件 四：代词 人称：表我、我们、你、你们、他、她等的词。（人称、有数和格变化）作主语、宾语、表语。 物主：表所有关系的代词。（形容词性和名词性） 反身：表我自己、你自己、他她自己等的词。（宾语、表语、同位语不能做主语） 指示：指代或标记人或事物的代词。（主语、定语、表语、宾语）不定：指代某个人或事物的代词。（主语、宾语、表语） 相互：主要有each other/one another等 疑问：用来进行提问的代词。有who/whom/whose/which/what等it的用法：作代词、作形式主语、形式宾语、强调句等 以上内容详见语法书 注：数词练习题见附件 五：形容词 分类：简单（kind/green/）和合成（a five year old boy等） 功能：作定语、表语、补足语和状语等 位置：置于名词前、多个形容词修饰同一个名词时的排列顺序。 比较级：原级、比较级、最高级 与介词搭配：（about/at/for/from/in/0f/to/with）等 常用句型：It is +adj+of+不定式表某人做某事怎么样 形容词+ing和ed等
（英语）英语语法填空练习题及答案含解析 一、高中英语语法填空 1．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Mid-Autumn Day is a very important traditional festival in China. It takes its name from the fact that it ________(celebrate) in the middle of the autumn season. The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the ________ (eight) lunar month. The day is known as the Moon Festival, as at that time of the year the moon is at its roundest and ________(bright). It is an evening celebration in ________ families gather together and eat moon cakes. Besides, ________(make) the house more beautiful, people will hang red lanterns in front of it. On that day, people look back on the past and look forward to the future together. Children will play with their own ________(toy) and enjoy themselves. The Mid-Autumn Festival celebrations date back ________ more than 2,000 years. The word "Mid-Autumn" first ________(appear) in the famous ancient book Zhou Li. However, it was not until the early Tang Dynasty that people celebrated the day as a traditional festival. It became an ________(official) established festival during the Song Dynasty, and has become as popular as the Spring Festival since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Celebrations have continued ever since and more customs for ________(mark) this occasion have been formed. 【答案】is celebrated；eighth；brightest；which；to make；toys；to；appeared；officially；marking 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中秋节。说明了中秋节的时间、节日活动以及节日的历史。 （1）考查时态语态。句意：它的名字来源于它是在秋季中期举行的庆祝活动。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且描述客观事实应用一般现在时。主语为it，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填is celebrated。 （2）考查数词。句意：中秋节在农历八月十五。中秋节是在农历的“第八个”月份，故应用序数词“第八”eighth。故填eighth。 （3）考查形容词。句意：这一天被称为中秋节，因为在一年的这个时候，月亮是最圆最亮的。根据上文roundest and可知应填形容词最高级，表示“最亮的”，故填brightest。（4）考查定语从句。句意：这是一个晚上的庆祝活动，家人聚在一起吃月饼。本句为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词an evening celebration，且做介词in的宾语，指“庆祝”活动应用关系代词which。故填which。 （5）考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，为了使房子更漂亮，人们会在房子前面挂红灯笼。本句中make做非谓语动词，表目的应用不定式。故填to make。 （6）考查名词。句意：孩子们会玩自己的玩具，玩得很开心。toy为可数名词，根据上文their可知玩具不止一个应用复数形式。故填toys。 （7）考查介词。句意：中秋节的庆祝活动可以追溯到2000多年前。date back to固定短语，“追溯到”，故填to。 （8）考查时态。句意：“中秋”一词最早出现在著名的古籍《周礼》中。此处描述“中秋”一词最早出现，应用一般过去时。故填appeared。