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《大学英语（三）》作业
I. 交际与对话
1. a. What do you think of the speech given by Professor Smith?
b. . But I’m not particularly interested in the topi
c.
A. Let me think about it.
B. Not bad.
C. I don’t like it.
D. I don’t know.
2. a. I like your new hat very much!
b. .
A. Really? I can give it to you as a gift.
B. Actually I don’t think it fits me well.
C. Yes, I know you will like it.
D. Oh, thank you. Actually, I got it in a bargain.
3. a. How do you like my new hairstyle, dear?
b. .You’ve never been so beautiful!
A. It looks terrific on you.
B. How much did you spend?
C. It doesn’t fit you at all.
D. Do you like it yourself?
4. a. Hi, Tom, how’s everything with you?
b. _____________, and how are you?
A. Don’t mention it
B. Hm, not too bad
C. Thanks
D. I don’t want to talk about it
5. a. I’m sorry. I lost the key.
b. ____________
A. Well, it’s no big deal.
B. No, it’s all right.
C. You are welcome.
D. You are so careless.
6. a. .
b. Well, if it were not for the rain, I’d enjoy it very much.
A. I hope you are enjoying your stay here.
B. What’s the weather like today?
C. Are you feeling well now?
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D. Do you like Xi’an?
7. a. I’m sorry that I spilt some coffee on yo ur carpet.
b. .
A. You should have been more careful.
B. Why did you do that?
C. Oh, I don’t care.
D. Oh, don’t worry about it.
8. a. Who’s speaking, please?
b. .
A. Who are you?
B. I’m Parker.
C. Don’t you kno w me?
D. This is Parker.
9. a. Well done. Congratulations on your success.
b. .
A. Thank you very much
B. Oh, no, no
C. No, I didn’t do very well
D. Sorry, I could have done better
10. a. That woman alone over there — who is she?
b. .
A. She is a teacher
B. She is Doctor Sophie
C. A driver, I suppose
D. She’s ill
11. a. Hello, is that China Bank?
b.
A. Yes, can I help you?
B. Yes, what do you want?
C. Yes, you’re right .
D. Yes, right number.
12. a. Sorry I have kept you waiting for so long.
b. .
A. I’m sad
B. I don’t care
C. That’s all right. There’s no hurry
D. No, not at all
13. a. If you need any help, please don’t hesitate to ask me.
b. .
A. Thank you, I will.
B. Oh, I won’t do that.
C. I don’t think I will need any help.
D. It’s none of your business.
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14. a. Do you mind if I open the window? It’s too hot!
b.
A. Oh, not at all. Go ahead.
B. Yes, I think it’s too hot too.
C. Of course don’t. I feel a bit cold.
D. Why not?
15. a. I want to buy a present for my mother and I need your advice.
b.
A. No, you don’t.
B. Oh, it’s not necessary.
C. What can I do for you?
D. Really, you need me?
16. a. Do you mind if I smoke here?
b.
A. Well, I’d rather you didn’t.
B. Yes, please do it.
C. Of course, you can’t.
D. No, I don’t smoke.
17. a.
b. Yes, can you tell me where I can find women’s shoes?
A. Do you want to buy something?
B. Excuse me, what are you doing?
C. Are you just looking around?
D. Is there anything I can do for you?
18. a. I had a really good holiday at my aunt’s.
b. ____________.
A. Oh, that ’s very nice of you
B. Congratulations
C. It’s my pleasure
D. Oh, I’m glad to hear that
19. a. Would you like to go out with us for dinner this evening?
b. .
A. No, I already have plans
B. Thanks a lot but I’m busy tonight
C. No, I really don’t like eating out
D. I’m ill, so I shouldn’t go out for dinner
20. a. Mr. Baker is out now. May I take a message for him?
b.
A. What’s your name?
B. Thank you, I’ll call him later.
C. No, you can’t.
D. Yes, I think you can.
II. 阅读理解
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Passage 1
Almost every family buys as least one copy of a newspaper every day. Some people subscribe to as many as two or three different newspapers. But why do people read newspapers?
Five hundred years ago, news of important happenings — battles lost and won, kings or rulers overthrown or killed — took months and even years to travel from one country to another. The news passed by word of mouth and was never accurate. Today we can read in our newspapers of important events that occur in far away countries on the same day they happen.
Apart from supplying news from all over the world, newspapers give us a lot of other useful information. There are weather reports, radio, television and film guides, book reviews, stories, and of course, advertisements. The bigger ones are put in by large companies to bring attention to their products. They pay the newspapers thousands of dollars for the advertising space, but it is worth the money for news of their products to go into almost every home in the country. For those who produce newspapers, advertisements are also very important. Money earned from advertisements makes it possible for them to sell their newspapers at a low price and still make a profit.
1. The phrase “subscribe to” in the first paragraph means .
A. go to the newspaper stand and buy
B. send their own news stories to
C. agree to buy for a specific period of time
D. become faithful readers of
2. The habit of reading newspapers is .
A. widespread
B. found among a few families
C. not popular
D. uncommon
3. Before the time of the newspaper, .
A. bad news traveled quickly and good news slowly
B. few people cared about events that took place in far away countries
C. kings and rulers were often overthrown or killed
D. news was passed from one person to another
4. The author seems to agree that money spent on advertisements is .
A. wasted
B. not much
C. well spent
D. of no use to anyone
5. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Five hundred years ago it took a long time for news to reach other countries.
B. Newspaper advertisements turn people’s attention away from their products.
C. The news that we read in newspapers is mainly about new products.
D. When newspapers are sold at a low price, the newspaper producers will lose money.
Passage 2
When John and Victoria Falls arrived in New York City for one-year stay, they did not bring very many things with them. They had planned either to live in a furnished apartment or to buy used furniture. But they soon learned about a new system that more and more people are using. The renting of home furnishings (bed, tables, dishes, and so on) has become one of America’s
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fastest growing businesses.
What kinds of people rent their home furnishings instead of buying them? People who are international businessmen or government officials, foreign students, airline workers, young married couples — people whose job or business may force them to move frequently from one city to another. They save a lot of trouble and the cost of moving their furniture each time. They simply rent new furniture when they reach their new homes. Young people with little money do not want to buy cheap furniture that they may soon dislike. They prefer to wait until they have enough money to buy furniture they really like. Meanwhile, they find they can rent better quality furniture than they could afford to buy.
One family, who now have a large, beautiful home of their own, liked their rented furniture so much that they decided to keep renting it instead of buying new things. But usually people don’t like to tell others about it. The idea of renting home furnishings is still quite new, and they are not sure what their neighbors might think.
6. W hich of the following has become one of America’s fastest growing businesses?
A. Selling home furnishings.
B. Renting furnished apartments.
C. Selling used furniture.
D. Renting home furnishings.
7. Why do some people prefer to rent furniture?
A. Because the furniture they get in this way is new.
B. Because it saves them a lot of money.
C. Because it saves them much trouble and money.
D. Because they can always get better quality furniture in this way.
8. What can you infer from the passage?
A. The idea of renting furniture is not acceptable.
B. Renting furniture is still not popular with the majority of Americans.
C. Only those who don’t have enough money rent furniture.
D. People usually grow to like the furniture they have rented.
9. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
A. Rent or Buy?
B. A New Way of Getting Home Furnishings
C. Furnished Apartments
D. A New Idea
10. Young people like renting home furniture in that_________
A. They have less money.
B. They don’t want to buy old furniture.
C. The new furniture is of good quality.
D. They don’t have much money and don’t want to buy the cheap furniture.
Passage 3
Spending 50 minutes with a cell phone close to your ear is enough to change brain cell activity in the part of the brain closest to the antenna(天线). But whether that causes any harm is not clear, scientists at the National Institute of Health said at a conference last month, adding that the study will not likely settle concerns of a link between cell phones and brain cancer. “What we
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showed is glucose (葡萄糖) metabolism(代谢)(a sign of brain activity) increases in the brain in people who were exposed to a cell phone in the area closest to the antenna,” said Dr. Nora V olkow, whose study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. The study was meant to examine how the brain reacts to electromagnetic(电磁的) fields caused by wireless phone signals.
V olkow said she was surprised that the weak electromagnetic radiation(辐射) from cell phones could affect brain activity, but she said the findings do not shed any light on whether cell phones cause cancer. “This study does not in any way indicate that . What the study does is to show the human brain is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation from cell phone exposures.” Use of the devices has increased dramatically since they were introduced in the early 1980s, with about 5 billion cell phones now in use worldwide.
Some studies have linked cell phone exposure to an increased risk of brain cancers, but a large study by the World Health Organization did not offer a clear answer to this. Volkow’s team studied 47 people who had their brain examined while a cell phone was turned on for 50 minutes and another while the phone was turned off. While there was no complete change in brain metabolism, they found a 7 percent increase in brain metabolism in the region closest to the cell phone antenna when the phone was on.
Experts said the results were interesting, but urged that they be understood with great care. “Although the biological significance, if any, of increased glucose metabolism from too much cell phone exposure is unknown, the results require further investigation,” Henry Lai of the University of Washington in the U.S. and Dr. Lennart Hardell of University Hospital in Sweden, wrote in an article in JAMA. “Much has to be done to further investigate and understand these effects.” They wrote.
11. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. Cell phone use is dangerous.
B. Cell phone use causes cancer.
C. The human brain is an electromagnetic field.
D. There are about 5 billion cell phone users in the world right now.
12. Doctor Volkow was astonished because ______.
A. her research has shed light on her understanding of cell phone
B. she found that cell phone exposure is harmful to human brain
C. she found that using a cell phone for about 50 minutes could influence or change brain activity
D. human brain is not responsive to electromagnetic radiation
13. According to the passage, cell phones were launched _______。
A. in the late 1970s
B. between 1980 and 1985
C. in the late 1980s
D. in the early 1990s
14. What does the word “that” stand for in the second paragraph?
A. Brain activity.
B. Her research findings.
C. The fact that cell phone use may cause cancer.
D. Her research progress.
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15. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?
A. Cell Phone Radiation: Is It Harmful?
B. Cell Phone Radiati0n: Is It Useful?
C. Cell Phone Radiation: Is It Healthy?
D. Cell Phone Radiation: Is It Weak?
Passage 4
Millions of hamburgers are eaten by people in every corner of the world every day. Together with hot dogs and Coca-Cola, hamburgers have been the most important American contribution to international eating habits.
The name “hamburger” has nothing to do w ith ham(火腿). It is believed that the hamburger was first brought to the United States by Germans from the city of Hamburg sometime in the 1850s.The first known reference to hamburgers was in a newspaper in Washington State in 1889. From then on the hamburger became a kind of popular American fast food.
Now young people in Asia, Europe and South America have learned to eat while on the move, a hamburger in one hand and a soft drink in the other. There have been angry complains from Italy and Spain about the shortening of the usual lunch break. Instead, young people have discovered a lunch for which they don’t have to stop at all.
However, there are clouds over the hamburger’s wor ld. People who concern about health dislike the high animal fat in the hamburger. They think the time saved seems a high price to pay for poor health. The packages in which hamburgers are usually served are causing serious pollution problems in many large cities. Big hamburger companies are destroying large areas of South American rainforest to produce the cheap meat they need. So, will the hamburger celebrate its next century?
16. In which way do hamburgers change people’s eating habits?
A. People can have their meals at any time of the day.
B. They can be served in any restaurant.
C. People can have them with soft drinks.
D. Meal time can be greatly reduced.
17. The hamburger, as a kind of popular American fast food, ______________.
A. has a history of over one hundred years
B. was brought to Europe in the 1850
C. is usually eaten with the hot dog
D. is better served in Hamburg
18. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?
A. Young people in Europe don’t stop to buy hamburgers.
B. It is suggested that hamburgers be eaten with both hands.
C. Some people in Europe don’t like to reduce their lunch break .
D. Young people in many countries are learning how to eat in their cars.
19. Which of the following is NOT TRUE, according to the passage?
A. You don’t need ham to make a Hamburger.
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B. Some people think the price of a Hamburger is too high.
C. Hamburger is believed to originate in Germany.
D. Now, Hamburgers are considered as American food.
20. The writer doesn’t believe that ____________.
A. packages for hamburgers are polluting many big cities
B. Hamburgers will remain popular for the next 100 years
C. The meat in hamburgers can cause health problems
D. Cattle raising leads to the destroying of rainforest
Passage 5
Acting is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of going on the stage is “Don’t!” But it is useless to discourage someone who feels that he must act, although the chances of his becoming famous are slim. The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and talent are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a theatrical company, usually as assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre and occasionally acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed; the hours are long and the salary is tiny.
Of course, some people have remarkable chances which lead to fame and success without this long and hard training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he drove past in his car. He stopped and got out to speak to the girl. He asked if she would like to go to the film studio to do a test, and she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer twenty minutes to convince Connie that he was serious. The test was successful. And within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!
21. From the very beginning, the author puts it clearly that acting is a profession .
A. sought after by too many
B. too difficult for young people
C. for slim people only
D. one can go into without special training
22. For someone who feels he must act, it is very likely that .
A. he will become a film star at long last
B. he will become a stage manager
C. he will be well-paid
D. he will end up without any success
23. The film producer found Connie when she was .
A. at work in a bicycle factory
B. driving past him in her car
C. going to a film studio
D. waiting for a bus
24. A few weeks after the test, Connie Pratt found herself .
A. the most famous actress of the world
B. playing the leading female role in a play
C. as famous as the greatest actor of the world
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D. no less famous than the leading actor of the day
25. The sentence “chances like this happen once in a blue moon” means _.
A. this is something which happens once in a while
B. this is a highly profitable chance
C. this is something highly possible
D. this is a very rare chance
Passage 6
Have you ever argued with your loved ones over simple misunderstandings? Little wonder. We often believe we’re more skillful in getting our point across than we actually are, according to Boza Keysar, a professor at the University of Chicago. In his recent study, speakers tried to express their meanings using unclear sentences. Speakers who thought listeners understood were wrong nearly half the time. Here’s some good advice to reduce misunderstanding:
1. Don’t trust what you see from the listener. Listeners often nod, look at you or say “uhhuh” to be polite or move the conversation along. But it’s easy to c onsider these as signs of understanding.
2. Train the editor in your head. If you say, “Beth discusses her problems with her husband,” it’s not clear whether she’s talking to her husband or about him. Try instead, “Beth talks to her husband about her prob lems.” or “Beth talks to others about the problems with her husband.”
3. Ask listeners to repeat your message. Introduce your request by saying “I want to be sure I said that right.” Questions like “How does that sound?” or “Does that make sense?” may also work.
4. Listen well. When on the receiving end, ask questions to be sure you’re on the same page . After all, it isn’t just the speaker’s job to make his speech understood.
26. Why does the writer give the advice to reduce misunderstanding?
A. We’re not skillful enough to make clear sentences.
B. Misunderstanding is damaging our normal lives.
C. Misunderstanding occurs now and then.
D. It’s impolite to say NO to others.
27. The writer suggests that when talking to others, the speaker should ______.
A. know that listeners will show him that they understand his words
B. express himself clearly even when he sees signs of understanding
C. notice listener’s signs of understanding
D. look directly into his listener’s eyes
28. By training the editor in his head, the speakers are advised _______.
A. to get themselves trained by a good editor
B. to discuss problems with their husbands or wives
C. to express themselves in long but simple sentences
D. to make sure each sentence has only one meaning
29. In the last paragraph, the words “you’re on the same page” mean that ______.
A. you’re following the speakers closely
B. you’re reading the same page as the speaker does
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C. you should know which page the speaker refers to
D. yo ur story is written on the same page as the speaker’s
30. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. the Danger of Misunderstanding
B. the Secret of a Successful Marriage
C. Be a Good Listener
D. Some Tips to Avoid Misunderstanding
Passage 7
During the meal, you’d better be careful not to leave a spoon in a soup bowl or coffee cup or any other dish. The coffee spoon ought to be on the saucer, the soup spoon ought to be on the plate under the bowl. When you are having soup, make the least noises and use the side of your spoon inside out, not the tip. And you mustn’t pick up your soup bowls so as to drink away the last drops of your soup from the bottom of the bowl.
V ery often there is only one main course and salad, followed by your sweet. If you find the meal not enough, say “Oh, it’s delicious!” and ask for some more of the chicken or steak or whatever you have just had. The hostess will be very glad that you appreciate her cooking and will give you an extra portion. But if you observe the Chinese way of being polite and say “No, thank you” when the hostess offers you more, you will most probably starve later, because Americans will never press food on you. Yet it is not polite to keep silent and not to talk with the person next to you. It would be considered good manners if you handle your silverware with care so that they don’t make any noise. When coffee comes, drink it from your cup. The coffee spoon should rest on the saucer while you are drinking. And smoking, of course, is rarely seen at a dinner table. Well, when the meal is finished, the guests put their napkins on the table and stand up, the men again helping the ladies with their chairs.
After the dinner, the guests usually stay for an hour or two, then they w ould say, “well, I’m afraid I must be going now.” The host and hostess would of course urge everyone to stay longer. “What, already? Won’t you have another coffee?” The guests, for instance, would say, “I love to, but I have to be up early tomorrow. Thank you for a most enjoyable evening. Good-night.”
And if you stay overnight or over the weekend, it will be courteous to send a thank-you note to the host or hostess the following day, very often with a small gift such as a box of chocolate or some flowers as a token(象征) of appreciation of their hospitality (好客).
31. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?
A. How to Prepare for a Meal
B. Never Press Food on Your Guest
C. Table Manners in the U.S.A.
D. How to Enjoy a Dinner
32. The passage suggests that
A. to make the hostess happy you should ask for more food even if you are full.
B. you should keep silent at a dinner table in order to be polite.
C. if you want to be friendly with the person next to you, you should press food on him.
D. talking is necessary at a dinner table.
33. At a dinner table, you do all of the following except
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A. making the least noise possible.
B. picking up your soup bowl to drink away the last drop.
C. handling your silverware with care.
D. drinking the coffee from your cup.
34. What does “courteous” mean in the last paragraph?
A. Friendly.
B. Generous.
C. Polite.
D. Noble.
35 The passage implies that
A. different nations have different customs.
B. Chinese customs are quite similar to American ones.
C. both Chinese and Americans have soup before the main course.
D. if you are polite, the hostess will press more food on you.
Passage 8
At the University of Kansas art museum, scientists tested the effect of different colored walls on two groups of visitors to an exhibit of paintings. For the first group the room was painted white; for the second, dark brown. Movement of each group was followed by an electrical device under the carpet. The experiment showed that those who entered the dark brown room walked more quickly, covered more area, and spent less time in the room than people in the white one. Dark brown made people more active, but the activity ended sooner. Not only the choice of colors but also the general appearance of a room affects those inside. Another experiment presented people with photographs of faces whose energy was to be commented. Three groups of people were used; each was shown the same photos, but each group stayed in different rooms. The first group was in an ugly room. The second group was in an ordinary room — a nice office. The third was in a tastefully designed living room with carpeting. Results showed that the people in the beautiful room tend to give higher marks to the faces than those in the ugly room did. Other studies show that students do better on tests taken in comfortable rooms than in ordinary-looking or ugly rooms.
36. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this passage?
A. People in beautiful rooms tend to give higher marks to photos of faces than people in ugly rooms.
B. The color and general appearance of a room have a deep effect on the behavior of the people in it.
C. The University of Kansas has studied the effects of the color of room on people’s behavior.
D. Beautifully furnished, light-colored rooms make people more comfortable than ugly, dark rooms.
37. According to the passage, we may conclude that the whiter a room is ________.
A. the longer people like to stay in it
B. the sooner people in it will leave
C. the more active people in it will become
D. the more excited people in it are
38. What is referre d to as the “general appearance” in this passage is ________.
A. how many broad windows a room has, through which sunlight might come in
B. the size of a room
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C. whether there are beautiful walls in a room
D. what the room looks like
39. This passage provides us with _______.
A. a piece of scientific information
B. a normal lesson
C. an interesting test
D. a piece of news
40. At least how many tests were carried out by the scientists referred to in this passage?
A. Three
B. Two
C. Only one
D. Four
Passage 9
All the housewives who went to the new supermarket had one great ambition: to be the lucky customer who did not have to pay for her shopping. For this was what the notice just inside the entrance promised. It said: “Remember, once a week, one of our customers gets free goods. This May Be Your Lucky Day!”
For several weeks Mrs. Edwards hoped, like many of her friends, to be the lucky customer. Unlike her friends, she never gave up hoping. The cupboards in kitchen were full of things which she did not need. Her husband tried to advise her against buying things but failed. She dreamed of the day when the manager of the supermarket would approach her and say: “Madam, this is Your Lucky Day. Everything in your basket is free.”
One Friday morning, after she had finished her shopping and had taken it to her car, she found that she had forgotten to buy any tea. She dashed back to the supermarket, got the tea and went towards the cash-desk. As she did so, she saw the manager of the supermarket approach her. “Madam,” he said, holding out his hand, “I want to congratulate you! You are our lucky customer and everything you have in your basket is free!”
41. The housewives learnt about the information of free goods _______.
A. on TV
B. at the supermarket
C. from the magazine
D. from the newspaper
42. Mrs. Edwards ________.
A. is always very lucky
B. is poor
C. hoped to get free shopping
D. gets disappointed easily
43. Mrs. Edwards’s husband tried to ________.
A. make her unhappy
B. cheer her up
C. buy things with her
D. stop her buying things
44. Mrs. Edwards went back to the supermarket quickly because she had to _______.
A. buy another thing
B. talk to the manager
C. pay for her shopping
D. try her luck again
45. In the end, Mrs. Edwards must have been ________.
A. pleased
B. delighted
C. proud
D. disappointed
Passage 10
Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called “One On One” helps elementary students who’ve fallen behind.
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The education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching, that is, tutoring in math and English.
You’d have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week.
Professor Dodge will act as a mentor(导师) to the tutors — he’ll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week.
I’m sure you’ll enjoy this community service and you’ll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you’ve had experience with children and that you care about your commun ity. If you’d like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge’s office this week.
46. What is the purpose of the talk?
A. To explain a new requirement for graduation.
B. To interest students in a new community program.
C. To discuss the problems of elementary school students.
D. To recruit elementary school teachers for a special program.
47. What is the purpose of the program described by the speaker?
A. To find jobs for graduating students.
B. To help education majors prepare for final exams.
C. To offer tutorials to elementary school students.
D. To provide funding for a community service project.
48. What does Professor Dodge do?
A. He advises students to participate in the special program.
B. He teaches part-time in an elementary school.
C. He observes elementary school students in the classroom.
D. He helps students prepare their resumes.
49. What should students interested in the tutorials do?
A. Contact the elementary school.
B. Sign up for a special class.
C. Submit a resume to the dean.
D. Talk to Professor Dodge.
50. Whom do you think the speaker addresses?
A. Teachers.
B. Students.
C. Freshman.
D. Graduating students of the university.
Passage 11
This is not a diet or a hard-exercise program. Nobody can stick to those for long. Instead, it’s a simple way to make weight loss a natural part of the life you already live. And guess what? It’s fun! You don’t have to give up the foods you love or do regular exercises. It’s about balancing calories(平衡卡路里) in tiny ways that add up to big benefits. You just use some tricks the “naturally thin” people do. Pick the ones you like, stick with them, and you’ll lose weight and be
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strong!
Talk it UP. Every time you pick up the phone, stand up and walk around. Heavy people sit on average two and a half hours more every day than thin people, according to a study.
Get face time. We use e-mail so much that we’ve forgotten what our colle agues look like. Pick a colleague or two who sit farthest from you and deliver 10 of those daily messages in person. And go out of your way — go to a bathroom or a copy machine on another floor and take the stairs, of course.
Think about your drink. Consider beer or wine instead of a frozen drink. A glass of regular beer has 140 calories and a serving of wine has 126 calories, while a strawberry daiquiri has about 300 and a margarita 340.
Reduce a total of 100 calories each day and you’ll be able to lose about 10 pounds in a year. This is really not difficult to do.
51. What is the topic in the passage?
A. How to do exercises daily.
B. How to lose weight easily.
C. How to work comfortably.
D: How to eat and drink regularly.
52. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Thin people sit fewer hours daily than heavy people.
B. People deliver messages to their colleagues in person.
C. More people walk around when they talk on the phone.
D. Heavy people make longer phone calls than thin people,
53. What does the writer mean by “face time” in Paragraph 3?
A. Time for getting to know each other.
B. Time for sharing ideas face to face.
C. Time for doing small jobs.
D. Time for delivering daily messages face to face
54. Which of the following has the most calories?
A. Strawberry daiquiri.
B. Regular beer.
C. Margarita.
D. Wine.
55. Which of the following statements will be supported by the writer of this passage?
A. Only a diet with a hard-exercise can get you lose weight.
B. You shouldn’t drink beer or wine when you want to lose weight.
C. Losing weight is not difficult if you can balance calories in tiny ways.
D. You ca n’t lose weight if you don’t get enough exercise in your spare time.
Passage 12
Last fall was a first-of-its-kind season. I did not arrange any after-school classes for my children. No swimming. No music lessons. No play dates. Nothing.
Once they finished their homework, they were free to do what they pleased, but only one hour of TV. In the beginning, my sons, Ben, 11, and Nick, 9, were anxious about this sudden, unplanned freedom. I had to, push them out of the door with a ball, a bike, and so on. “Play!” I
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ordered.
I learned that this new plan takes time, patience and a lot of faith in the theory that having excellent grades isn’t really important.
When my older kids, now in college and high school, were young, I brought in the rules of modern parenting. They are unspoken, but followed carefully. First, you must let your child have a variety of activities. After all, you never know where you’ll find a genius. Second, if the child shows the slightest talent, the activity must be pushed with lessons, special coaching and practice of several days a week. Every minute should be taken and every minute has a purpose. That was really too much for my children.
Now with the new plan, we told stories. We listened to music. And the kids played with bikes, balls, and whatever was handy. Nobody kept score. In fact, the boys played outside so much that the lawn was worn down to the soil in places. They’ve made friends with those who come from all over the neighborhood to play games.
We like those peaceful evenings. Ben and Nick have a good time this fall, maybe that’s because the time off has allowed us to enjoy each other’s company;
56. What was new for the family last fall?
A. The children began to learn music when school was over.
B. The writer arranged no extra lessons for the children.
C. The writer found no time to play with the sons.
D. The children had nothing to do after school.
57. At the beginning of that fall the children .
A. hated to spend more time on their homework
B. felt excited about making their own decisions
C. were pleased to have more freedom
D. were worried about the change
58. According to “modern parenting” discussed in Paragraph 4, parents should .
A. make use of every minute to be with the children
B. provide coaching and practice for each activity
C. try every means to find a child’s real talent
D. know the rules but never talk about them
59. From the passage we learn that .
A. children like story-telling more than bike-riding
B. parents should teach their children how to make a plan
C. children should have time to enjoy themselves after school
D. parents can enjoy their evenings when children play with others
60. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. How to Find Your Child’s Talent
B. How to Help Your Children to Plan Their Time
C. A New Way of Parenting
D. How to Be A Relaxed Parent
III. 词汇与结构
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1. The students were suddenly of a strange noise at the back of the room.
A. certain
B. sure
C. aware
D. known
2. The local people vary greatly in their to the new policy.
A. thought
B. opinion
C. comment
D. attitude
3. It was _______ whom Janet spoke with in the party.
A. I
B. me
C. mine
D. ours
4. The leaves of many trees turn ______ in Spring.
A. to green D. green C. to be green D. into green
5. —Will you go to picnic tomorrow?
—Yes, I will go _______ it’s windy.
A. since
B. as though
C. if
D. even if
6. It is very kind ______ you to supply us _______ so much information.
A. for…with
B. for…in
C. of…with
D. of…in
7. Five minutes earlier, _______ we could have caught the last train.
A. and
B. but
C. or
D. if
8. I an interesting news item in yesterday’s Times.
A. came across
B. came up
C. came to
D. came over
9. All the students were entertained in a Chinese restaurant, at Professor Smith’s ________.
A. money
B. pay
C. expense
D. loss
10. As students, we shouldn’t _________ our time like that; we should finish our school work first.
A. cut
B. kill
C. live
D. kick
11. You have failed two tests already. You’d better start working harder, ____ you won’t pass the course.
A. and
B. but
C. or
D. so
12. The news has spread all over the world ____ the spaceship succeeded in returning to the earth.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. whether
13. Did you see the guy ________ head looked like a big potato?
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. whose
14. What is the flight ________ to Shanghai?
A. fee
B. money
C. fare
D. cost
15. She is better than her sister ___________ English.
A. for
B. at
C. on
D. in
16. The value of a nation’s currency is a of its economy.
A. reflection
B. response
C. reaction
D. reproduction
17. The savings, both _____ time and money, could be considerable.
A. term of
B. under the terms of
C. come to terms with
D. in terms of
18. Most criminals _____ go to prison _____ meet their victims.
A. would…than
B. would…rather
C. would rather…than
D. rather…than
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19. I saw Irma at the wedding ceremony, apart _____ the rest of her family.
A. from
B. around
C. with
D. despite
20. _____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not being received
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
D. Having not received
21. In ____ countries, you can’t always make yourself ____ by speaking English.
A. English-speaking, understand
B. English-spoken, understand
C. English-speaking, understood
D. English-spoken, understood
22. The music of the film ____ by him sounds so ____.
A. playing, exciting
B. played, excited
C. playing, excited
D. played, exciting
23. ____ against the coming hurricane, they dared not leave home.
A. Warned
B. Having warned
C. To warn
D. Warn
24. His explanation was so clear that no one was in any about what he meant.
A. doubt
B. wonder
C. question
D. consideration
25. I hear they’ve promoted Jane, but she didn’t mention _____when we talked on the phone.
A. to promote
B. having been promoted
C. having promoted
D. to be promoted
26. She’s been to the Asian Branch.
A. located
B. assigned
C. delivered
D. placed
27. some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed
B. Followed by
C. Being followed
D. Having been followed
28. Anybody will do, _______ he is responsible for that.
A. as far as
B. so far as
C. as long as
D. as soon as
29. Human beings should find a new _______ of energy.
A. orient
B. source
C. origin
D. place
30. So loudly _______ that all the people in the room got a fright.
A. she shouted
B. shout she
C. did she shout
D. she did shout
31. What’s the language in Germany?
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. be spoken
D. to speak
32. Tho se students have got the same problem _____ Mary’s.
A. to
B. with
C. as
D. like
33. The field was used by horses from the riding school that is _____ the farm.
A. attaching to
B. attached with
C. attach with
D. attached to
34. It’s worth _____ to your financial advisor before making your final decision.
A. to talk
B. talking
C. talk
D. talked
35. The computer system _________ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.
A. broke down
B. broke out
C. broke up
D. broke in
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36. In most of the United States, the morning paper is by school-age children.
A. taken
B. directed
C. designed
D. delivered
37. Jane, what did you do to my room? I have never seen such a _____ and disorder!
A. mass
B. mess
C. dirty
D. loss
38. The two candidates disagreed and a argument developed.
A. hard
B. bitter
C. sour
D. big
39. his arrival at the meeting ,the president was greeted with loud applause.
A. At
B. With
C. In
D. On
40. The manager made a quick _______ from her illness and was soon back at work.
A. decision
B. recovery
C. change
D. promise
IV. 完形填空
Passage 1
Insure means to protect 1 a loss of money. Most people can budget their money so that their income will cover expected expenses 2 food, clothing, housing, and public services. But, there is no way to know 3 who will suffer a crisis such as a serious illness, fire, flood, or a car accident. Such crises usually 4 great expenses. Even if people could predict crises, it would be hard to save enough money to 5 the expenses. Insurance is a system 6 a company collects money from many individuals and then pays certain expenses whenever one of those insured individuals is faced with a certain crisis. An insurance policy 7 how much the insurance costs and how much the company will pay when a policy holder is faced with a certain crisis. There are many different kinds of insurance, 8 hospital, motor-car and fire. Insurance can be rather expensive but most people buy insurance of some kind. Insurance is something 9 people buy and hope they will 10 need.
1. A. for B. from C. against D. with
2. A. such as B. for example C. that D. the same as
3. A. predict B. ahead C. in advance D. earlier
4. A. result from B. make C. take D. result in
5. A. cover B. pay back C. fill D. make full
6. A. that B. by which C. what D. where
7. A. said B. agree C. make sure D. states
8. A. include B. including C. as well as D. also
9. A. which B. that C. as D. like
10. A. never B. ever C. sometimes D. often
Passage 2
When Pat Jones finished college, she decided she wanted to travel around the world and see as many foreign places as she could 11 she was young. Pat wanted to visit Latin America first, so she got a job 12 an English teacher in a school in Bolivia. Pat spoke a little Spanish, 13 she was able to communicate with her students even when they didn’t know much English.
A sentence she had read somewhere stuck in her mind: if you dream 14 a foreign
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language, you have really mastered it. Pat repeated this sentence to her students and hoped that someday she would dream in Spanish and they would dream in English.
One day, one of her worst students came up and explained in Spanish that he had not done his homework. He had 15 early, and had slept badly.
“What does this have to do with 16 ?” Pat demanded.
“I dreamed all night, Miss, Jones, and my dream was in English!”
“In English !” Pat was very surprised, since he was such a bad student. She was 17 secretly jealous. Her dreams were still not in Spanish. But she encouraged her young student, “Well, tell me about your dream.”
“All the people in my dream 18 English,” the student said, “And all the signs were in English. All the newspapers and magazines and all the TV programs were in English.”
“But that’s wonderful,” said Pat, “What did all the people say to you?”
“I’m 19 , Miss Jones. That’s 20 I slept so badly. I didn’t understand a word they said. It was a nightmare!”
11. A. as B. while C. if D. since
12. A. for B. of C. as D. like
13. A. and B. but C. so D. yet
14. A. in B. about C. of D. for
15. A. got up B. gone to bed C. fallen asleep D. woken up
16. A. you B. me C. your dream D. your homework
17. A. usually B. seldom C. also D. still
18. A. read B. liked C. learned D. spoke
19. A. shy B. silly C. sorry D. sad
20. A. how B. why C. when D. where
Passage 3
Everyone wants to be healthy and happy. 21 , illness or accidents may occur without any warning. Frequently the person who is ill can be cared for at home if there is someone 22 of looking after him under the doctor’s direction. Sometimes arrangements can be made for a visiting nurse to give the necessary 23 once a day or oftener, if necessary. The responsible one in the home carries on with the rest of the care during the 24 between the nurse ’s visits.
The rapid diagnosis and immediate treatment on the spot of an accident or sudden illness, 25 awaiting the arrival of doctors, is called the first aid and quite distinct from the home nursing. When illness does come, the whole family is 26 . Many adjustments have to be made 27 the family routine needn’t be disturbed completely. Often it can be rearranged with home duties simplified to save time and energy thus reducing 28 on the family.
The reasonable responsibility for giving nursing care is usually 29 by one person, frequently the mother. 30 , in order that she may have some much needed rest, other members of the family should also learn how to help when sickness occurs.
21. A. Apparently B. Unfortunately C. Naturally D. Occasionally
22. A. suitable B. efficient C. appropriate D. capable
23. A. care B. cure C. treatment D. concern
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24. A. occasion B. turn C. interval D. Holiday
25. A. while B. before C. as D. Where
26. A. interfered B. affected C. protected D. Suffered
27. A. if B. and C. but D. since
28. A. strain B. trouble C. worry D. Pain
29. A. consumed B. retained C. assumed D. obtained
30. A. Consequently B. Moreover C. Unexpectedly D. However
Passage 4
Nowadays, the problem of generation gap becomes more and more 31 . What might be the causes of this problem?
Firstly, in most of the families, 32 of the parents have to work in order to earn more money to provide a better environment for their children. It’s 33 for the busy parents to find time for a daily talk with their children. Because of lack of communication, conflicts are easy to turn 34 and a wider generation gap 35 into being.
Secondly, parents who ask their children to be absolute obedient(服从) are also one of the causes. It is only natural 36 children hate to communicate with parents who often impose their own values 37 them.
To solve these problems, the busy parents should spare their children some time and communicate with them. They should be considerate enough to realize that each generation has its own advantages. 38 , the parents should try to give 39 their absolute power in family and form a friendly relationship with their children. The openness and consideration of both generations will probably 40 the gap between parents and children.
31. A. big B. serious C. worse D. difficult
32. A. neither B. none C. either D. both
33. A. difficult B. easy C. possible D. impossible
34. A. down B. in C. up D. around
35. A. goes B. takes C. comes D. forms
36. A. when B. that C. why D. which
37. A. on B. in C. among D. with
38. A. Therefore B. However C. In addition D. Otherwise
39. A. in B. up C. off D. out
40. A. broaden B. widen C. shorten D. bridge
V.
英汉互译 1.
Hardly had we arrived when the play began. 2.
Grapes grown there like water and sunshine. 3.
The weather forecast says we’re in for heavy rain this evening. 4.
我很钦佩你能在危急关头保持清醒的头脑。 5.
她妈妈早上很早叫醒她以便她能准时赶到机场。 6.
Please go into the kitchen to make sure that the gas is off. 7. The good thing about the group trip is that the price includes everything.
第一章 1.(Q1) What is the difference between a host and an end system List the types of end systems. Is a Web server an end system Answer: There is no difference. Throughout this text, the words “host” and “end system” are used interchangeably. End systems inc lude PCs, workstations, Web servers, mail servers, Internet-connected PDAs, WebTVs, etc. 2.(Q2) The word protocol is often used to describe diplomatic relations. Give an example of a diplomatic protocol. Answer: Suppose Alice, an ambassador of country A wants to invite Bob, an ambassador of country B, over for dinner. Alice doesn’t simply just call Bob on the phone and say, come to our dinner table now”. Instead, she calls Bob and suggests a date and time. Bob may respond by saying he’s not available that particular date, but he is available another date. Alice and Bob continue to send “messages” back and forth until they agree on a date and time. Bob then shows up at the embassy on the agreed date, hopefully not more than 15 minutes before or after the agreed time. Diplomatic protocols also allow for either Alice or Bob to politely cancel the engagement if they have reasonable excuses. 3.(Q3) What is a client program What is a server program Does a server program request and receive services from a client program Answer: A networking program usually has two programs, each running on a different host, communicating with each other. The program that initiates the communication is the client. Typically, the client program requests and receives services from the server program.
2.诚信公司20 x9年10月发生部分经济业务如下: (1) 10月2日，将款项交存银行，开出银行汇票一张，金额为 40000元，由采购员王强携往沈阳以办理材料采购事宜。 (2) 10月5日，因临时材料采购的需要，将款项50000元汇往上海交通银行上海分行，并开立采购专户，材料采购员李民同日前往上海。 (3) 10月9日，为方便行政管理部门办理事务，办理信用卡一张，金额为12000元。 (4) 10月13日，采购员王强材料采购任务完成回到企业，将有关材料采购凭证交到会计部门。材料采购凭证注明，材料价款为31000元，应交增值税为5270元。 (5) 10月14日，会计入员到银行取回银行汇票余款划回通知，银行汇票余款已存入企业结算户。 (6) 10月17日，因采购材料需要，委托银行开出信用证，款项金额为150000元。 (7) 10月20日，材料采购员李民材料采购任务完成回到本市，当日将采购材料的有关凭证交到会计部门，本次采购的材料价款为40000元，应交增值税为6800元。 (8) 10月22日，企业接到银行的收款通知，上海交通银行上海分行采购专户的余款已转回结算户。 (9) 10月25日，行政管理部门小王用信用卡购买办公用品，支付款项3200元。 (10) 10月28日，为购买股票，企业将款项200000元存入海通证券公司。 要求:根据上述经济业务编制会计分录。 （1）借：其他货币资金——银行汇票40 000 贷：银行存款40 000 （2）借：其他货币资金——外埠存款50 000 贷：银行存款50 000 （3）借：其他货币资金——信用卡12 000 贷：银行存款12 000 （4）借：材料采购31 000 应交税费——应交增值税（进项税额） 5 270 贷：其他货币资金——银行汇票36 270 （5）借：银行存款 3 730 贷：其他货币资金——银行汇票 3 730 （6）借：其他货币资金——信用证150 000 贷：银行存款150 000 （7）借：材料采购40 000 应交税费——应交增值税（进项税额） 6 800 贷：其他货币资金——外埠存款46 800 （8）借：银行存款 3 200 贷：其他货币资金——外埠存款 3 200 （9）借：管理费用 3 200 贷：其他货币资金——信用卡 3 200 （10）借：其他货币资金——存出投资款200 000 贷：银行存款200 000 3．3.星海公司20 x9年6月30日银行存款日记账的余额为41 100 元，同日转来的银行对
一、句子改错（共5道小题，共25.0分） 1. This is such a beautiful day that everyone around us feel like going out for a walk. A B C D A. A B. B C. C D. D 2. Neither John and his father was able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train. A B C D A. A B. B C. C D. D
3. He finds it easier to do the cooking himself than teaching his wife to cook. A B C D A. A B. B C. C D. D 4. Despite his old age, he is still very healthful and often works in the field. A B C D A. A B. B C. C D. D
5. The information which she was injured in the accident was given by Liz. A B C D A. A B. B C. C D. D 二、阅读理解（共1道小题，共50.0分）
1. Today, as in every other day of the year, more than 3,000 U.S. adolescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime, it can be expected that of these 3,000 about 23 will be murdered, 30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweighs all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death. Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 percent, smoking rates among youth have declined. While the decline is impressive, several important issues must be raised. First, in the past several years, smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second, in the late 1970s, smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent. The statistic is reversing. Third, several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent . Finally, though significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade, no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effective measures to reduce smoking levels among youth. 1. According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____. A. traffic accidents B. smoking-related diseases C. murder D. all of these 2. Every day there are over _____young people who will become regular smoker. A. 75 B. 23 C. 30 D. 3,000 3. By "dropout" (in paragraph 3) the author means______. A. students who failed the examination
?2.1 比较程序的顺序执行和并发执行。 答： 答： 1）进程是一个动态的概念，而程序则是一个静态的概念。程序是指令的有序集合，没有任何执行含义，而进程则强调执行过程，它动态地被创建，并被调度执行后消亡。 2）进程具有并行特征，而程序没有。进程具有并行特征的两个方面，即独立性和异步性。也就是说，在不考虑资源共享的情况下，各进程的执行是独立的，它们之间不存在逻辑上的制约关系，各进程的是异步的。由于程序不反映执行过程，所以不具有并行特征。 3）进程是系统中独立存在的实体，是竞争资源的基本单位。进程对应特殊的描述结构 并有申请、使用、释放资源的资格。由于系统中存在多个进程，系统资源的有限性必然导致多个进程对资源的共享和竞争，从而使进程的并行性受到系统的制约。 4）进程的存在必然需要程序的存在，但进程和程序不是一一对应的。由于进程是程序 的执行过程，所以程序是进程的一个组成部分。处于静止状态的程序并不对应于任何进程。当程序被处理机执行时，它一定属于某一个或者多个进程。属于进程的程序可以是一个，也可以是多个。不同的进程可以包含同一个程序，只要该程序所对应的数据集不同。 ?2.3 试对进程的状态及状态转换进行总结，注意状态转换的物理含义及转化条件。
答：处于就绪状态的进程，在调度程序为之分配了处理机之后，该进程便可执行，相应地，它就由就绪状态转变为运行状态。正在执行的进程也称为当前进程，如果分配给它的时间 片已完而被暂停执行时，该进程便由执行状态又回复到就绪状态；如果因发生某事件而使 进程的执行受阻，使之无法继续执行，该进程将由执行状态转变为阻塞状态。引入挂起状 态后，又增加了从挂起状态到非挂起状态之间的转换，当进程处于未被挂起的就绪状态时，用挂起原语Suspend将该进程挂起后，该进程便转变成为静止就绪状态，此时进程不再被 调度执行。当进程处于未被挂起的阻塞状态时，用Suspend原语将它挂起后，进程便转变 为静止阻塞状态，处于该状态的进程在其所期待的事件出现后，将从静止阻塞状态变成静 止就绪。处于活动就绪状态的进程，若用激活原语Active激活后，该进程将转变为挂起就 绪状态。处于活动阻塞状态的进程，若用激活原语Active激活后，将转变为阻塞挂起状态。 ?2.4 试举例说明引起进程创建、撤消、阻塞或被唤醒的主要事件分别有哪些？ 答：引起进程创建，如用户登录；作业调度；提供服务；应用请求。 进程撤销，当一个进程到达了自然结束点，或时出现了无法克服的错误，或是被操作 系统所中介，或是被其他有终止权的进程所终结，都会引起进程撤销。 进程阻塞，请求系统服务,不能立即满足;启动某种操作,且必须在该操作完成之后才能 继续执行;新数据尚未到达,相互合作进程的一方需首先获得另一进程数据才能继续;无新工 作可做,特定功能系统进程当完成任务且暂无任务。 进程被唤醒，系统服务满足;操作完成;数据到达;新任务出现。 ?2.5 试根据你自己的理解，采用类C语言设计和描述操作系统关于进程控制块的数据结构、组织方式及管理机制。在此基础上，给出进程的创建、终止、阻塞、唤醒、挂起与激活等函数原型及函数代码。注意，对于过于复杂的功能或你无法解决的细节可采用指定功能的函数模块如处理机调度scheduler()来替代。 答：进程控制块的数据结构： Struct task_struct { long state; /*任务的运行状态（-1 不可运行，0 可运行(就绪)，>0 已停止）*/ long counter;/*运行时间片计数器(递减)*/ long priority;/*优先级*/ long signal;/*信号*/ struct sigaction sigaction[32];/*信号执行属性结构，对应信号将要执行的操作和标志信息*/ long blocked; /* bitmap of masked signals */ /* various fields */ int exit_code;/*任务执行停止的退出码*/ unsigned long start_code,end_code,end_data,brk,start_stack; /*代码段地址代码长度（字节数） 代码长度 + 数据长度（字节数）总长度堆栈段地址*/ long pid,father,pgrp,session,leader;/*进程标识号(进程号) 父进程号父进程组号会话号会话首领*/ unsigned short uid,euid,suid;/*用户标识号（用户id）有效用户id 保存的用户id*/ unsigned short gid,egid,sgid; /*组标识号（组id）有效组id 保存的组id*/
1 文件系统阶段的数据管理有些什么缺陷试举例说明。 文件系统有三个缺陷： （1）数据冗余性（redundancy)。由于文件之间缺乏联系，造成每个应用程序都有对应的文件，有可能同样的数据在多个文件中重复存储。 （2）数据不一致性（inconsistency)。这往往是由数据冗余造成的，在进行更新操作时，稍不谨慎，就可能使同样的数据在不同的文件中不一样。 （3）数据联系弱(poor data relationship)。这是由文件之间相互独立，缺乏联系造成的。 2 计算机系统安全性 （1）为计算机系统建立和采取的各种安全保护措施，以保护计算机系统中的硬件、软件及数据； （2）防止其因偶然或恶意的原因使系统遭到破坏，数据遭到更改或泄露等。 3. 自主存取控制缺点 （1）可能存在数据的“无意泄露” （2）原因：这种机制仅仅通过对数据的存取权限来进行安全控制，而数据本身并无安全性标记 （3）解决：对系统控制下的所有主客体实施强制存取控制策略 4. 数据字典的内容和作用是什么 数据项、数据结构 数据流数据存储和加工过程。 5. 一条完整性规则可以用一个五元组（D，O，A，C，P）来形式化地表示。 对于“学号不能为空”的这条完整性约束用五元组描述 D：代表约束作用的数据对象为SNO属性； O（operation）：当用户插入或修改数据时需要检查该完整性规则； A（assertion）：SNO不能为空； C（condition）：A可作用于所有记录的SNO属性； P（procdure）：拒绝执行用户请求。 6.数据库管理系统（DBMS）
：①即数据库管理系统（Database Management System)，是位于用户与操作系统之间的 一层数据管理软件，②为用户或应用程序提供访问DB的方法，包括DB的建立、查询、更 新及各种数据控制。 DBMS总是基于某种数据模型，可以分为层次型、网状型、关系型、面 向对象型DBMS。 7.关系模型：①用二维表格结构表示实体集，②外键表示实体间联系的数据模型称为关系模 型。 8.联接查询：①查询时先对表进行笛卡尔积操作，②然后再做等值联接、选择、投影等操作。 联接查询的效率比嵌套查询低。 9. 数据库设计：①数据库设计是指对于一个给定的应用环境，②提供一个确定最优数据模 型与处理模式的逻辑设计，以及一个确定数据库存储结构与存取方法的物理设计，建立起 既能反映现实世界信息和信息联系，满足用户数据要求和加工要求，又能被某个数据库管 理系统所接受，同时能实现系统目标，并有效存取数据的数据库。 10．事务的特征有哪些 事务概念 原子性一致性隔离性持续性 11．已知3个域： D1=商品集合=电脑，打印机 D3=生产厂=联想，惠普 求D1，D2，D3的卡尔积为： 12.数据库的恢复技术有哪些 数据转储和和登录日志文件是数据库恢复的
1、什么叫电气主接线对电气主接线有哪些基本要求 答：电气主接线又称为电气一次接线，它是将电气设备以规定的图形和文字符号，按电能生产、传输、分配顺序及相关要求绘制的单相接线图。 基本要求：可靠性、灵活性和经济性。 2、电气主接线有哪些基本形式绘图并说明各接线形式的优缺点。 答：单母线接线及单母线分段接线； 双母线接线及双母线分段接线； 带旁路母线的单母线和双母线接线； 一台半断路器及三分之四台断路器接线； 变压器母线组接线； 单元接线； 桥形接线； 角形接线。 3、在主接线方案比较中主要从哪些方面来考虑其优越性 答：经济比较；可靠性、灵活性，包括大型电厂、变电站对主接线可靠性若干指标的定量计算，最后确定最终方案。 4、某水电站装机为4×25MW，机端电压为，现拟采用高压为110kV，出线3回， 中压为35kV，出线6回与系统相连，试拟出一技术经济较为合理的电气主接线方案，并画出主接线图加以说明。 答：单母线分段 110kv 三回单母线分段带旁路母线 35kv 六回单母线分段 5、某220kV系统的变电所，拟装设两台容量为50MVA的主变压器，220kV有两 回出线，同时有穿越功率通过，中压为110kV，出线为4回，低压为10kV，有12回出线，试拟定一技术较为合理的主接线方案，并画出主接线图加以说明。 答：220kv 2回双母线带旁母；110kv 4回单母线分段带旁母； 10kv 12
回双母线不分段；
作业：P62页 2-1，2-6 2-1 哪些设备属于一次设备哪些设备属于二次设备其功能是什么 注：基本是没有写错的啊就是有些同学的答案不全需要把一次设备和二次设备的功能和设备类型名称写全 2-6 简述交流500kv变电站电气主接线形式及其特点 作业：1-3、 2-3 、4-2、 4-3 、4-10 4-2 隔离开关与断路器的主要区别何在在运行中，对它们的操作程序应遵循哪些重要原则 答：断路器带有专门灭弧装置，可以开断负荷电流和短路故障电流；隔离开关无灭弧装置，主要作用是在检修时可形成明显开断点。 操作中需要注意不可带负荷拉刀闸， 送电时先合线路侧隔离开关再合母线侧隔离开关最后合上断路器 停电时先断开断路器再断开线路侧隔离开关最后断开母线侧隔离开关 4-3 主母线和旁路母线各起什么作用设置专用旁路断路器和以母联断路器或分段断路器兼做旁路断路器，各有什么特点检修出现断路器时，如何操作 答：主母线主要作用是汇集和分配电能；旁路母线的作用主要体现在检修出现断路器时，可用旁路断路器代替出线断路器以使出线断路器可以不停电检修。 可靠性安全性投资操作是否方便 检修出现断路器时先合上旁路断路器检查旁路母线是否完好若完好断开旁路断路器合上该出线的旁路隔离开关合上旁路断路器之后退出出线断路器（先断开断路器再断开线路侧隔离开关最后断开母线侧隔离开关） 4-10 参考答案见下图 注意：画主接线图时一定要在相应的电压等级母线边上注明电压等级 1.什么是弧隙介质强度和弧隙恢复电压 弧隙介质能够承受外加电压作用而不致使弧隙击穿的电压称为弧隙的介质强度。
大学英语(3)课程作业_A 一单选题 1. When I said that some people are stupid I was not ___ you. reference refer referring referring to 本题分值： 4.0 用户得分： 0.0 用户解答： reference 标准答案：referring to 2. ___ your step，or you might fall into the water. See Watch Miss Look at 本题分值： 4.0 用户得分： 0.0 用户解答： See 标准答案：Watch 3. Professor Lee visits China almost ___. twice a year a twice year a year twice a year two times 本题分值： 4.0 用户得分： 4.0 用户解答： twice a year 标准答案： twice a year 4. The missing boys were last seen ___ near the river. playing to be playing play to play 本题分值： 4.0 用户得分： 4.0 用户解答： playing
5. China is ___ old country with ___ long history. the, a a, an an, a an, the 本题分值： 4.0 用户得分： 0.0 用户解答： the, a 标准答案：an, a 6. I learn ___ my cost that a broken leg can be very painful. at on to in 本题分值： 4.0 用户得分： 0.0 用户解答： at 标准答案：to 7. It was ___ that he had to ask for help. a so big work a so big job such a big work a such big job 本题分值： 4.0 用户得分： 0.0 用户解答： a so big work 标准答案：such a big work 8. There was ___ in the meeting room. no one another anyone the one 本题分值： 4.0 用户得分： 0.0 用户解答： no one
A型题： 1.在“《经》云：‘无故而瘖，脉不至，不治自已’。谓气暴逆也，气复则已。审如是，虽不服药亦可”中，“审”之义为：确实 2.在“枳壳则取辛苦……要尘久年深者为上”中，“尘”之义为：年久 3.在“臣意即诊之，告曰：公病中热”中，“中热”之义为：内热 4.在“故先补完胃气之伤，而后去其积，则一旦霍然矣”中，“一旦霍然”之义为：很快病愈了 5.在“此友遂敛手不治，以为热毒已深，噬脐不及”中，“敛手”之义为缩手 6.在“人有此三者，是谓坏府，毒药无治”中，“毒药”之义为：泛指药物 7.在“窃以识明德云尔”中，“明德”之义为：美德 8.在“时周脑后生细疮，累累若贯珠”中，“累累”之义为：连贯貌 9.在“初不言曾服凉药，且欲责效于师”中，“责”之义为：要求 10.在“又病室孕时，喘逆不眠，用逍遥散立安”中，“室”之义为：妻子 11.作者引用“钟会《菊有五美赞》”，意为：表达作者对菊花的赞美 12.在“夫悍药入中，则邪气辟矣”中，“辟”之义为：闭阻 13.在“見病者以手擘目，观其饮啖，盖目眶尽肿，不可开合也”中，“盖”之义为：.因为 14.在“菊之贵重如此，是岂群芳可伍哉”中，“伍”之义为：同列 15.在“浪决人死生，亦时或有验”中，“浪”之义为：随便 16.“烧灰撒地中，能死蛙黾”，其说出自：.《周礼》 17.在“我侪之治病亦然”中，“侪”的正确读音是：chai（三声） 18.在“中有细子，亦可捺种”中，“捺种”指：插种 19.作者说“真菊延龄，野菊泄人。正如黄精益寿，钩吻杀人之意”，意在说明：有些药物有益，有些药物有害 20.在“众乃敛衽而服”中，“敛衽”是提起衣襟夹在腰带间，表示：敬意 21.在“夫滞下之病，谓宜去其旧而新是图，而我顾投以参、术、陈皮、芍药等补剂十余贴，安得不日以剧”中，“顾”之义为：反而 22.在“据此，则凭脉决证，似乎如响斯应矣”中，“如响斯应”的喻义为：准确 23.在余初读《灵》《素》诸书，觉其经义渊深，脉理错杂，每若望洋意沮”中，“望洋”之喻义为：力不从心，无可奈何 24.在“安得主人、病人一一精医察理，而不为鼓簧动摇哉”中，“鼓簧”之义为：语言动听 25.在“能存八动之变，五胜更立”中，“存”之义为：察看 26.在“至其当发，间不容瞚”中，“间不容瞚”之义为：比喻刻不容缓 27.在“知十二节之理者，圣智不能欺也”中，“欺”之义为：超越 28.以下除……之外，各句中的“书”都是“文字”之义：凡书方案，字期清爽，药期共晓 29.在“旋旋添白矾于中”中，“旋旋”之义为：缓缓 30.在“和之者若响，随之者若影”中，“响”之义为：回声 31.在“忽仆地不语，移時始醒”中，“移時”之义为：很快 32.在“用细茶脚汤煮之”中，“细茶”之义为：.雨前茶 33.在“悍药入中，则邪气辟矣，而宛气愈深”中，“宛气”之义为：郁气 34.在“子南晨诣，愠形于色，咎以轻用河车，而盛称此友先识，初不言曾服凉药”中，“初”之义为：根本 35.在“平生苦肠结病，旬日一行”中，“旬日”之义为：十日 36.在“何前之温补如鼓应桴”中，“如鼓应桴”之义为：喻速效 37.在“余有戚某过余斋，形色困惫，询知患咳经月”中，“经月”之义为：一个月 38.在“于是始悟血之复来，由于寒凉速之也”中，“速”之义为：招致
第一、二章 1.请编写程序输入三角形的三条边，判别它们能否形成三角形，若能，则判断是等边、 等腰、还是一般三角形。程序可多次判别，程序结束的条件自行定义。 【解答】未加入循环 #include
大学英语三离线作业答 案 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】
离线作业试卷列表2 一、单选? 1.第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）- Would you be interested in seeing a film tonight- ____C______?分值：3 A. Not at all.??? B. Are you sure??? C. Great! I'd love to ??? D. You're welcome.???? 2.第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）- Excuse me, could you tell me the way to P eople's Square- ____B______?分值：3 A. I don't understand you.??? B. Sorry, I'm a stranger here.??? C. Why don't you take a taxi??? D. Don't bother me.???? 3.第四部分：完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）30?C 分值：1 A. on mind??? B. in heart??? C. in mind??? D. on your mind???? 4.第四部分：完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）29 B?分值：1 A. with??? B. for??? C. to??? D. in???? 5.第四部分：完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）28 B?分值：1 A. impossible??? B. wonderful??? C. incapable??? D. practical???? 6.第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）- I've got the first prize in the dancing ____C______?分值：3 A. You're welcome.??? B. It's very kind of you.??? C. Please accept my congratulations.??? D. Oh, really, I can't believe my ears.???? 7.第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）- I've passed the ___D_______?分值：3 A. What a pity!??? B. I have the examination.??? C. Come on.??? D. Congratulations.???? 8.第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）- I'm suffering from a ________A__?分值：3
1、明娟和阿苏之间产生矛盾的原因是什么？ 答、由职权之争引发冲突，又因信息沟通障碍产生矛盾。 明娟和阿苏之间产生矛盾的原因沟通不够引起了冲突。沟通是指人与人之间的交流，即通过两个或更多人之间进行关于事实、思想、意见和感情等方面的交流，来取得相互之间的了解，以及建立良好的人际关系。冲突是指两个或两个以上的社会单元在目标上互不相容或互相排斥，从而产生心理上的或行为上的矛盾。 2威恩作为公司领导解决矛盾的方法是否可行? 答：威恩解决矛盾的方法是可行的，他采用了转移目标的策略，如给他们设置一个共同的冲突者马德,威恩促进了明娟和阿苏信息沟通，取得相互之间的谅解。 3、从本案例中，你对如何处理人际关系有何启发？ 答：人际关系，也叫人群关系，是人们在进行物质交往和精神交往过程中发生、发展和建立起来的人与人之间的关系。人际关系实质是一种社会关系，它包含在社会关系体系之内，而社会关系有更为广阔的内容，它只能通过各种复杂的人际关系表现出来。本案例对如何处理人际关系的启发是：在社会主义社会中，进行正常的人际交往，建立和发展平等、团结、互助的社会主义新型关系，不仅能有力地推进人们的生产、工作、学习和生活，而且直接影响社会主义精神文明建设和个人的全面发展，对推进和谐社会建设也有重要的作用；在组织中，改善人际关系必须从领导和群众两个方面入手；建立良好的人际关系需要经常的信息沟通。改善人际一定要体现平等的原则、互利原则和相容的原则。让明娟和阿苏和平共处、互相谅解，且告知他们升迁的利益更大，并使他们相信威恩的话。这一过程启发我们应该依据人际交往的原则，运用科学的方法，帮助下属正确处理好人际关系方面的问题。 1、刘工的管理风格是什么样的？请运用所学过的领导理论分析刘工的领导行为特征。 答：刘工的管理风格属于放任自流型、低组织低关心人、贫乏型的管理方式。 ⑴运用相关的领导行为理论来看，他首先属于放任自流型的领导方式。在他的整个领导过程中，整体工作效率低下，对员工没有威信和说服力，下属对他的领导极为不满，成员又没有相应的责任感，士气低沉，争吵较多，严重影响组织效率和组织目标的实现，属于最不可取的领导方式。 ⑵按照“四分图理论”来看，他的领导方式则属于“低组织低关心人”的领导方式，在本就工作效率不高，目标达成困难的情况下，又不顾及、关心下属，有好事揽给自己：“不久，五组又领了一项出国考察的任务。这回刘工谁也没告诉，当仁不让，悄悄自己接下来”，导致了本就“低组织”的情况又多了“低关心人”，使得“出差回来后干啥事的都有，就没人干活”，这种领导方式亦不可取。 ⑶按照“管理方格图理论”来看，他则属于贫乏型管理的领导方式，对人对工作的关心程度都很低。
1、什么叫电气主接线？对电气主接线有哪些基本要求？ 答：电气主接线又称为电气一次接线，它是将电气设备以规定的图形和文字符号，按电能生产、传输、分配顺序及相关要求绘制的单相接线图。 基本要求：可靠性、灵活性和经济性。 2、电气主接线有哪些基本形式？绘图并说明各接线形式的优缺点。 答：单母线接线及单母线分段接线； 双母线接线及双母线分段接线； 带旁路母线的单母线和双母线接线； 一台半断路器及三分之四台断路器接线； 变压器母线组接线； 单元接线； 桥形接线； 角形接线。 3、在主接线方案比较中主要从哪些方面来考虑其优越性？ 答：经济比较；可靠性、灵活性，包括大型电厂、变电站对主接线可靠性若干指标的定量计算，最后确定最终方案。 4、某水电站装机为4×25MW，机端电压为10.5kV，现拟采用高压为110kV，出 线3回，中压为35kV，出线6回与系统相连，试拟出一技术经济较为合理的电气主接线方案，并画出主接线图加以说明。 答：10.5kv 单母线分段 110kv 三回单母线分段带旁路母线 35kv 六回单母线分段
5、某220kV系统的变电所，拟装设两台容量为50MV A的主变压器，220kV有 两回出线，同时有穿越功率通过，中压为110kV，出线为4回，低压为10kV，有12回出线，试拟定一技术较为合理的主接线方案，并画出主接线图加以说明。 答：220kv 2回双母线带旁母；110kv 4回单母线分段带旁母；10kv 12回双母线不分段；
作业：P62页2-1，2-6 2-1 哪些设备属于一次设备？哪些设备属于二次设备？其功能是什么？ 注：基本是没有写错的啊就是有些同学的答案不全需要把一次设备和二次设备的功能和设备类型名称写全 2-6 简述交流500kv变电站电气主接线形式及其特点 作业：1-3、2-3 、4-2、4-3 、4-10 4-2 隔离开关与断路器的主要区别何在？在运行中，对它们的操作程序应遵循哪些重要原则？ 答：断路器带有专门灭弧装置，可以开断负荷电流和短路故障电流；隔离开关无灭弧装置，主要作用是在检修时可形成明显开断点。 操作中需要注意不可带负荷拉刀闸， 送电时先合线路侧隔离开关再合母线侧隔离开关最后合上断路器 停电时先断开断路器再断开线路侧隔离开关最后断开母线侧隔离开关 4-3 主母线和旁路母线各起什么作用？设置专用旁路断路器和以母联断路器或分段断路器兼做旁路断路器，各有什么特点？检修出现断路器时，如何操作？ 答：主母线主要作用是汇集和分配电能；旁路母线的作用主要体现在检修出现断路器时，可用旁路断路器代替出线断路器以使出线断路器可以不停电检修。 可靠性安全性投资操作是否方便 检修出现断路器时先合上旁路断路器检查旁路母线是否完好若完好断开旁路断路器合上该出线的旁路隔离开关合上旁路断路器之后退出出线断路器（先断开断路器再断开线路侧隔离开关最后断开母线侧隔离开关） 4-10 参考答案见下图
《大学英语（三）》在线作业题库 一、单选题（共 50 道试题，共 100 分。） 1. – Ami, I want this report typed today. – ( ). A. It'll be ready in the afternoon, sir B. I'd like you to help me C. I know nothing about the report D. Leave it to tomorrow 正确答案：A 2. He( )himself quickly to the new condition of his work. A. changed B. altered C. adjusted D. varied 正确答案：C 3. We( )the bathroom and plan( )the bedroom this year. A. painted…to paint B. is painting… painting C. paint… to paint D. have painted…to paint 正确答案：D 4. I don't think this kind of medicine has any( ). A. answer B. cause C. effect D. work 正确答案：C 5. We consider( )the instrument be adjusted each time it is used. A. that it necessary B. it necessary that C. necessary that D. necessary of it that 正确答案：B 6. – I wonder if you could help me. – ( ). A. I could B. Yes, I do C. No, not at all D. Of course 正确答案：D 7. Parliament didn't think the Prime Minister did enough in the improvement of fair employment, ( )he was asked to write to Parliament for further explanation. A. so B. therefore
5-1 设二进制符号序列为，试以矩形脉冲为例，分别画出相应的单极性码波形、双极性码波形、单极性归零码波形、双极性归零码波形、二进制差分码波形及八电平码波形。 解： 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 单极性码： 双极性码： 单极性归零码： 双极性归零码： 二进制差分码： 八电平码： 5-7 已知信息代码为，求相应的AMI码、HDB3码、PST码及双相码。解：信息代码： AMI码：++1 HDB3码：+1000+V-B00+V0-1+1 PST码：+0-+-+-+-++- 双相码： 5-8 已知信息代码为011，试确定相应的AMI码及HDB3码，并分别
画出它们的波形图。 解： 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 AMI码：+1 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 +1 –1 0 0 0 0 +1 -1 HDB3码：+1 0 -1 0 0 0 –V 0 +1 –1 +B 0 0 +V –1 +1 5-9 某基带传输系统接收滤波器输出信号的基本脉冲为如图P5-5所示的三角形脉冲： （1）求该基带传输系统的传输函数H（ω）； （2）假设信道的传输函数C（ω）=1，发送滤波器和接收滤波器具有相同的传输函数，即G T（ω）=G R（ω），试求这时G T（ω）或G R（ω）的表示式。 P5-5 解：(1)H(ω)=∫∞ -∞ h(t)e-jωt dt =∫0Ts/2(2/T s)te-jωt dt +∫Ts Ts/22(1-t/T s)e-jωt dt
=2∫Ts Ts/2 e-jωt dt+2/T s∫ Ts/2 t e-jωt dt-2/T s ∫Ts Ts/2 t e-jωt dt =- 2 e-jωt/(jω)︱Ts Ts/2+2/T s [-t/(jω)+1/ω2] e-jωt︱ Ts/2 -2/T s [-t/(jω)+1/ω2] e-jωt︱Ts Ts/2 =2 e-jωTs/2(2- e-jωTs/2- e-jωTs/2)/(ω2T s) =4 e-jωTs/2[1-cos(ωT s/2)]/(ω2T s) =8 e-jωTs/2sin2(ωT s/4)/(ω2T s) =2/T s·Sa2(ωT s/4) e-jωTs/2(2)∵H(ω)=G T(ω)C(ω)G R(ω) C(ω)=1, G T(ω)=G R(ω) ∴G T(ω)=G R(ω)=√2/T s·Sa(ωT s/4) e-jωTs/4 5-11 设基带传输系统的发送滤波器、信道及接收滤波器组成总特性为H（ω），若要求以2/T s波特的速率进行数据传输，试检验图P5-7各种H（ω）满足消除抽样点上的码间干扰的条件否？ s s s s (a) (b) s s s s