冠词
（一）概说
1．冠词是一种虚词，不能独立担任一个成分，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明其词义。英语中有两个冠词：
1）定冠词the
2）不定冠词a/an
2．冠词的基本意义
不定冠词a/an与数词one同源，表示“一个”的意思，用在可数名词单数前。
例如：
She is a nurse. 她是个护士。
He is an English and he has an Irish wife. 他是一位英国人，有一个爱尔兰妻子。
定冠词the，与this同源，有“这（那）个”的意思，但比较弱，表示一（几）个特定的人或东西，有时可译作“这个（些）”或“那个（些）”。
例如：
This is the book you wanted. 这就是你要的那本书。
Who is that young man over there?那边那个年轻人是谁？
但在很多情况下，“这”或“那”这类词在译文中并不出现。
例如：
Put it on the table. 把它放在桌上。
Shut the door, please. 请把门关上。
3．特指和泛指
一般来说，名词有特指和泛指两种情况，请比较下面的句子：
A gentleman is asking to see you. 有位先生要求见你。（泛指）Ask the gentleman to come in.
请那位先生进来。（特指）
在特指时一般前面要加定冠词，而泛指时则有三种情况：
1）在可数名词单数前加不定冠词。
例如：She sent me a postcard 她寄给我一张明信片。
2）在可数名词复数前不加冠词，可使用some, any这类词。
例如：These are new words. 这些是生词。
She sent me some flowers. 她送给我一些花。
3）在不可数名词前多不加什么，有时也可加some, any等。
例如：
It’s lovely weather. 天气真好。
Do you want any sugar in your tea? 你茶里要放点糖吗？
Give us some help. 给我们一些帮助。
（二）不定冠词的基本用法
1．泛指某一类人或事物中的一个，代表某一类别（不一定译为“一”）
例如：His father is a doctor. 他父亲是医生。
2．代表某一类人或事物，相当于any（+名词）（不必译为“一”，但必须用a，表示类别）
例如：
A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
3．指某人或某物（不是指某一类），但不具体说明何人或何物（一般译为“一”）
例如：
This book was written by a worker. 这本书是一位工人写的。
4．表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈（一般译为“一”）
例如：Wait a moment. 等一下。
5．表示单位，相当于“每”的意思
例如：
We have three meals a day. 我们每日吃三餐。
6．用于某此固定词组中
例如： a few, a little, a bit (of), a lot of 等。
（三）定冠词的基本用法
1．特指某（些）人或某（些）事物
例如：Give me the book. 把那本书给我。
2．指谈话双方都知道的人或事物
例如：Where is the doctor? 医生在哪儿？
3．再次提到上文提到过的人或事物
例如：I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is at home. 昨天我买了一本词典。词典在家里。4．用在大家所熟悉的、世界上独一无二的事物
例如：The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun. 地球比月亮大，但比太阳小。5．用在序数词和形容词最高级前
例如：Mr Wang teaches the first class. 王先生上第一节课。
Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth. 在所有的恒星中，太阳离地球最近。
6．用在单数可数名词，表示某一类人或事物
例如：The horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
7．与下列专有名词连用
1）在江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉的名称前
例如：the Changjiang River, the Great Lake 2）在姓氏的复数名词前，表示夫妇二人或全家人
例如：The Greens are sitting at the breakfast table. 格林一家人正围坐在早餐桌旁。
8．和某些形容词连用，表示一类人
例如：the old 老人the young 年轻人the rich 富人the poor 穷人the sick 病人the dead 死人9．在一些习惯说法中
the east (west, south, north) in the morning (afternoon, evening)
on the left (right) in the end go to the cinema
（四）不用冠词的几种情况
1．在专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前
例如：Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你到过上海吗？
We love science. 我们爱好科学。
2．在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前
例如：Girls can be scientists. 女孩子可以当科学家。
3．在季节、月份、星期、一日三餐的名称前
例如：It is hot in summer. 夏天天气热。
It’s Tuesday, August the 22nd. 今天是八月二十二日，星期三。
Have you had breakfast? 你吃过早饭没有？
4．称呼语或表示头衔，职务的名词前
例如：What’s the matter with you, Mike? 怎么啦，迈克？
He is headmaster of our school. 他是我们学校的校长。
5．学科和球类运动的名称前
例如：We study English. 我们学习英语。
Do you like to play football? 你喜欢踢足球吗？
6．名词前已有用作定语的this, that my, your, some, any, no, whose, every, each等代词时，不用冠词例如：That is her bike
那是她的自行车。
Each student in his class studies hard. 这个班的每个学生都努力学习。
冠词 定义：冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词前，帮助指示名词的含义 分类：冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法： 口诀一 名词是秃子，常要戴帽子； 可数名词单，需用a 或 an； 辅音前用a ，元音前用an； 复数不可数泛指the不见；
碰到代词时,冠词均不现.。 ①名词一般情况下不单独用,常常要和冠词连用; ②表示不明确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词 a 或 an,特指时要用定冠词the; 即：可数名词单数不能单独存在，必须有限定词修饰。 ③如复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指或名词前有 his, these, my, some 等限定词时就不用冠词. II. 定冠词的用法：
以上口诀归纳了用定冠词的一般情况，即： ①特指某些人或物 ②谈话双方都熟悉的人或事 ③上文已经提到的人或事 ④世界上独一无二的事物前 ⑤序数词和形容词最高级前 ⑥某些专有名词前 ⑦一些习惯短语（如：in the morning等）中和乐器前（如：play the violin / piano）。 III. 零冠词的用法：
二、不用冠词的集中情况。 下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前； 专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭； 复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前； 颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。 以上口诀主要概括了一般应“免冠”的几种情况，即： ①名词前已有作定语用的this、that、some、any、my等限定词。 ②专有名词和不可数名词前。 ③表示学科的（如：maths、Chinese、physics）名词前。 ④球类活动的名词前及三餐总称前。 ⑤复数名词表示泛指（一类人或事）时。 ⑥节日、季节、星期、月份前。 ⑦表示颜色（如：It's red / yellow.）、语种（如：speak English/Japanese）和国家的非全称名词（如：We live in China. They come from America.）。 ⑧在称呼或表示头衔的名词前。 ⑨某些习惯短语中（如：in bed、go to school等）。 --- So, you are running _____ restaurant.
冠词 1. Alice is fond of playing ___ piano while Henry is interested in listening to ___ music. A. /, the B. /, / C. the, / D. the, the 2. Alexander Grander Bell invented ___ telephone in 1876. A. / B. a C. the D. one 3. ---Where is Jack? ---I think he’s still in ___ bed, but he might just be in ___ bathroom. A. /, / B. the, the C. the, / D. /, the 4. Many people are still in ___ habit of writing silly things in ___ public places. A. the, the B. /, the C. the, / D. /, / 5. She is ___ newcomer to ___ chemistry, but she has already made some important discoveries. A. the, the B. the, / C. a, / D. a, the 6. Wouldn’t it be ___ wonderful world if all nations lived in ___ peace with one another? A. a, / B. the, / C. a, the D. the, the 7. Many people agree that ___ knowledge of English is a must in ___ international trade today. A. a, / B. the, an C. the, the D. /, the 8. ---Have you seen ___ pen? I left it here this morning. ---Is it ___ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a 9. Paper money was in ___ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___ thirteenth century. A. the, / B. the, the C. /, the D. /, / 10. Most animals have little connection with ___ animals of ___ different kind unless they kill them for food. A. the, a B. /, a C. the, the D. /, the 11. ___ coffee that we drank just now was given to us by ___ Jacksons. A. /, / B. The, / C. /, the D. The, the 12. I remember he lives in ___ south, so we shouldn’t be walking ___ south. A. /, / B. /, the C. the, / D. the, the 13. They spent ___ getting the problem settled. A. so a long time B. quite a long time C. quite long a time D. such long a time 14. ___ People’s Republic of China has opened its door to ___ rest of ___ world. A. The, /, the B. /, the, the C. The, the, the D. /, /, the 15. Your shoes and mine are ___. A. of size B. in a size C. same big D. of a size 16. ---What was he before? ---He was ___ medical worker before he turned ___ worker. A. a, the B. the, a C. the, / D. a, / 17. They have begun to study ___ German language. A. a B. an C. the D. / 18. My uncle needs ___ x-ray examination of the lung. A. a B. an C. the D. some 19. Lesson Four is ___ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ___ most difficult lesson in Book II. A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a
名词 一、名词的复数： 1.名词变复数的规则形式 1).一般情况下直接加s book------books cup-----cups 2).以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es . city-------cities family-----families 3).以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es . bus-----buses wish------wishes watch------wathes 4).以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es . tomato-----tomatoes potato------potatoes hero-----heroes 5).以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es leaf----leaves self---selves shelf----shelves life----lives thief---thieves 2.少数名词的复数形式是不规则的 man----men woman---women child----childre foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice 3.单数和复数形式相同。deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese 4.某国人的复数。 1). 中、日不变。Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese 2). 英、法变。Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen 3). 其余s加后面。American -----Americans German----Germans Australian---Australians 二、不可数名词： 1.不可数名词：1).不能直接用数字表数量2).不能直接加a或an 3).没有复数形式 4).可用some、any 、lots of、plenty of 、much 修饰5).可用“量词短语”表示 2.不可数名词的数量的表示方法：a / 数字+ 量词+ of + 不可数名词 a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk 三、名词的所有格： 1. ’s 所有格。 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“’s.”This is ____________________(Mary and Lily) bedroom . 2). 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“’s.”These are ________________(Tom and Jack ) school bags . 3).以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“’”,不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“’s” Teachers’Day Children’s Day 4).表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加’s 代表全称。at the doctor’s at the Bob’s 5).由some、any、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something 、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面。This is _________________(somebody else ) pencil . 6).表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加’s 来构成所有格。 an hour’s ride two weeks’ time China’s capital 2.of 所有格： 1).of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格。the map of China the door of the room 2).双重所有格：of + 名词所有格of + 名词性的物住代词 He is a friend of my _________(brother ) . Is she a daughter of __________(you)? 四、名词作句子成分： 1.名词作主语
选择题： 1. The students of Grade7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many there. A. bird B.duck C.sheep D.rabbit 2. ---How many are there on the table? ---Only two. A. Glasses of orange B. Glasses of oranges C. Glass of orange D. Glass of oranges 3.---Could you please tell me something about the two ? --- .They are exchange students of No.1 Middle school. A. Frenchmen; Yes, please B.Frenchmans; Come on C.Germen; Not at all D.Germans; All right. 4. We can see two in the picture. A.apple tree B. apples trees C.apple trees 5. When autumn comes, the the tree turns yellow. A. Leaf on B.leaves on C.leaf in D.leaves in 6.Tomorrow I’m going to my . It’s a . A.aunt; five minutes’ walk B.aunt’s;five minute’s walk C.aunt;five minute’s walk D.aunt’s; five minutes’walk. 7. mothers both work in the same hospital. A. Tim and Peter’s B. Tim’s and Peter C.Tim’s and Peter’s D.Tim and Peter 8. This desk is . A. Tom’s and John’s B. Tom and John C. Tom and John’s D.Tom’s and John 9. ---Two died in the accident. --- terrible it is! A.policemen; How B.policeman; What C.police; What D.policemans; How 10. ----It’s really hot today. What drink do we have today in the fridge? ----We have some . A.noodle B.cheese C.sausages D.lemonade 11.Near our school there are two . A. shoes shops B.shoes shop C.shoe shop 12. Nowadays, people can get much from newspapers, TV, and the Internet. A. ideas B. stories C.photos https://www.doczj.com/doc/b21478215.html,rmation. 13. Three are eating the grass at the foot of the mountain. A.sheeps B.sheep C.sheepes D.ships 14.Our school is just ten away from the school.
七年级冠词、名词和代词专项练习题 一.写出下列单词的复数形式： action movie life knife fry leaf photo r adio piano zoo tomato potato bus watch box book map cat film door month horse picture class boy tooth woman eye tooth German Chinese man football child classroom monkey tree egg coat Frenchman is this that 二.将下列词组译成汉语： [1]三杯牛奶[2] 一袋大米[3]三篮子苹果 [4]一碗面条[5]四盒子书[6]七本英语书 [7]五袋子大米[8]三杯橘汁 [9]八条新闻10]一箱香蕉 三.用a\an填空: apple pear banana ship boat student teacher hour sheep orange tree tree orange pencil 四选择填空： [1]. They are________ A:man doctor B:men doctors C:men doctor D:man doctor s [2] There are five_____ in the hill. A:sheep B:sheeps C: goose D:deers [3] Those white socks____small. A:are B:is C: am D:do [4] We have many_____in our school. A:woman teacher B:women teachers C: woman teachers D:women teacher [5] Do you like _____? A:vegetable B: vegetables C:an vegetable [6] How many_____do they have? A:picture B: pictures C:a picture [7] There are six ____in the room. A:volleyball B:volleyballs C:a volleyball D:volleyballs [8] Are these ____teachers? A:woman B:women C:womans [9] It is ____. A:milk B:a milk C:an milk D:milks [10] It’s a ____.It isn’t an ____. A、apple, egg B、cake,egg C、egg,orange, D,e gg,cake
高考英语语法名词冠词和代词考点精讲 知识讲解 知识点一名词 2.可数名词复数的不规则变化 (1)改变单数名词内部元音字母。如：foot—feet, tooth—teeth, mouse—mice, man—men, woman—women, goose—geese。 (2)由man, woman构成的合成名词，其复数形式也是-men和-women，如one Englishman, two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans。 注：man, woman作定语的复合名词变复数时，将两部分皆变为复数形式。 如：women doctors, men cooks。 boy和girl作定语时，只变中心词。如：girl students。 (3)外来词。如：basis—bases, crisis—crises, analysis—analyses, medium—media。 (4)单复数同形的名词。如：deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, works (工厂), means, crossroads, series, spacecraft, aircraft, headquarters。 (5)常以复数形式出现的名词。如：clothes衣服, glasses眼镜, chopsticks筷子, compasses圆规, scales天平, trousers裤子, goods货物, contents目录, times时代, surroundings环境, belongings 财产, earnings收入, arms武器, manners礼貌, customs海关, papers文件。 (6)集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如：people, police。 有些物质名词的单数和复数形式表示不同的含义。常见的这类词有：
代词 代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。 一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、 "我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表： 数单数复数 格主格宾格主格宾格 第一人称I me we us 第二人称you you you you he him they them 第三人称she her they them it it they them 如：Heismyfriend. 他是我的朋友。 It’sme. 是我。 二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人物和数的变化见下表。 数单数复数 人称第一第二第三第一第二第三 人称人称人称人称人称人称 形容词性my your his/her itsouryour/their 物主代词 名词性mineyourshis/hersitsoursyours/theirs 物主代词 如：Ilikehiscar. 我喜欢他的小汽车。 Ourschoolishere，andtheirsisthere. 我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。 三、指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。 如：Thatisagoodidea. 那是个好主意。 四、表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为"反身代词"。 如：Shewastalkingtoherself. 她自言自语。 五、表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有eachother和oneanother两组，但在运用中，这两组词没
一．冠词 不定冠词： 不定冠词有a 和an 两个 常考用法： （1）当第一次提到某人或某物时 例：---What is this ---it’s a new bus stop. (2) 指某人或某物， 例： A man is waiting for you outside. (3) 用在序数词前， 例： Tom’s son was born in 2000. (4) 用于可视为一体的两个名词前 例：a knife and fork (5) 用在某些固定词组中 例：a lot (of) 许多 a few 一些 have a cold a number of have a good time have a swim=swim have a look=look 定冠词the：既表示“这个”，“那个”，又表示“这些”，“那些”;既可用在单数名词前，也可用于单数名词前。 常考用法： （1）特指某（些） 例：The lovely girl is my best friend. （2）表示世界上独一无二的事物 例：the sun太阳 the moon 月亮 the sky 天空 （3）在序数词、形容词最高级前 例：Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. （4）习惯用法. 例：in the morning in the afternoon in the evening
不使用冠词的特殊情况 （1）国名，人名前通常不用冠词 例: I’m from England and my name is Mary. （2）表示交通工具、 例: I usually go to school on foot, but sometimes I go to school by bike.（3）季节、月份、节日 例：We go to school from Monday to Friday. （4）在三餐、球类运动 例：have breakfast play chess 玩象棋 play basketball
专题二自由填空 PartⅠ真题变式体验 1．[2015·陕西高考]________ more learned a man is, ________ more modest he usually becomes. 答案：The; the根据句子结构来判断，此句使用了“The＋形容词/副词比较级……，the ＋形容词/副词比较级……”结构，意思是“越……，就越……”。 2．[2015·重庆高考]I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask. 答案：the; a第一空，句中where引导的定语从句修饰bank，由此可知这里特指Dora工作的银行，故用定冠词；第二空，泛指“一个持枪歹徒”，因此用不定冠词。 3．[2015·四川高考]Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven. 答案：a根据结构可知此处填冠词，表示“一类人”“一个类似于贝多芬的人”，故填不定冠词。 4．[2015·浙江高考]Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way. 答案：a; the根据空格位置可知考查冠词。第一空，book是可数名词，此处表泛指，用不定冠词a；第二空，in the way是固定词组“挡路，妨碍”。 5．[2014·天津高考]Life is like ________ ocean: only the strong-willed can reach the other shore. 答案：an ocean为可数名词，在本句中表示泛指，故用不定冠词，ocean以元音音素开头，故答案是an。 6．[2014·重庆高考]I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilson's because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village. 答案：the; a第一空表示去某人家的路为特指，故用the；第二空表示一个叫Wilson的人，表示泛指概念，故用不定冠词a。 7．[2014·浙江高考]The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ________ week, often long into ________ night. 答案：a; the第一空填a相当于every/one；第二空为固定搭配long into the night。
冠词有两种，一是不定冠词a／an，另外一种是定冠词the 一、不定冠词及其用法 二、定冠词的用法 1. 一般来说，普通名词有特指和泛指，如果特指，就要加定冠词；如果泛指，可数名词前加不定冠词，或用其复数形式 2. 定冠词the主要和名词连用，表示某些特定的人或事物 3. 由of引起的限定性短语(作定语)所修饰的词前加the 4. 表示身体的某一部位，用the代替物主代词my, our, your, his, her等 5. 表示江河海洋，海峡海湾，山脉和群岛及有些湖泊之前用the 6. 定冠词the加姓氏的复数，表示某某一家人，如果做主语，谓语动词要用复数 7. 当一个抽象名词，不表示一般的概念而是表示某一特定的内容时加定冠词the 8. 由普通名词和一些其他词构成的专有名词前加the: the People's Republic of China 三、同步练习 1. ____rose is____beautiful flower. 2. Mr. Smith always smokes____cigarette with ____cup of coffee. 3.____door of____garage is broken. 4.____donkeys are ____ stupid animals. 5.____bread is made from ____ flour,and ____flour is made from ____wheat. 6. She is ____good musician;she plays ____piano beautifully. 7. Thousands of ____visitors go to ____Great Wall every ____day. 8. When he was enghteen,he joined ____navy. 9. He sent me ____letter and ____postcard;____letter didn't arrive. 10. Li is not at ____office;I think he's gone____home. 11. Is there ____telephone here? 12. She is studying ____English and ____French. 13. I bought ____pen and some paper,but I left____pen in ____shop. 14. ____machine is made of ____steel and ____copper. 15. ____honesty is ____best policy. 16. ____coal is 60 dollars ____ton at the moment. 17. I stay at ____home last night and listened to ____radio. 18. We went to Paris and saw ____Palace of Versailles. 19. He goes back to ____ country to see his people once ____year. 20. ____Liu's are going to ____cinema. 语法系列复习专题-----名词 1. 名词的分类 专有名词：指某人，某地，某机构等专有的名称，其首字母要大写。如HongKong, China, Bill Clinton, Red Cross 个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如student, book 可数名词 集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family, school, group, people 不可数名词 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：cotton, air, tea 抽象名词：表示抽象概念，work，happiness, news
定义：表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。 强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，动词用is或者was；不能根据some、any、a lot of等词来判断。 1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”： ①．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ； 读音：清辅音后读[s]，浊辅音和元音后读[z]。 ②．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ； ③“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ； “元音字母+y”结尾，直接加-s，如：boys，toys ④．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves；读音：[z]。 顺口溜：妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。 （贼的妻子一生用两把刀、三片叶杀死两只狼，一半放在架子上，自己吃面包loaf）wife（妻子），knife（刀子），wolf（狼）thief（小偷），shelf（架子），self（自己），life （生命）half（一半），leaf（树叶）。这9个名词变复数时，都要改“f(e)”为“ve”再加“s”。 特殊情况是直接加-s的： 顺口溜：海湾边、屋顶上，首领农仆相望；谁说他们无信仰，语气定在手帕上。 gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief。这些词是直接加-s的。 ⑤．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况： 1）有生命的+es 读音：[z] 如：mango-mangoes，tomato-tomatoes，hero-heroes， negro—negroes (袋鼠除外cangro-cangros) 顺口溜：两人两菜一火山(黑人英雄在火山上吃土豆，西红柿，芒果和河马) 2）无生命的+s 读音：[z] 如：zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos, (袋鼠除外cangro-cangros)zero-zeros, bamboo（竹竿）-bamboos, tobacco（烟丝）-tobaccos 顺口溜：动物园里挂着一张照片，照片上是一片竹林前的钢琴上放着一台收音机 ⑥. 部分单词的单复数同形 顺口溜：中日警察来聚会，鹿、羊、鱼、牛把家回。（中日瑞不变，英法都要变，其他国人加S）（中国人，日本人赶着绵羊、梅花鹿去河边看鱼） 解释：Chinese,Japanese,police， deer, sheep, fish，cattle ，people， Swiss--Swiss Englishman--Englishmen, American—Americans，German--Germans. 除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 如：one yuan，two yuan；a dollar, two dollars; ⑦. 不规则名词复数：（鹅身上的牙和脚复数oo变ee、） 顺口溜：男士女士a变e；鹅牙双脚o变e；孩子后面加ren；老鼠虱子爱公牛， mouse, louse和ox. 解释：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen。 goose- geese； tooth-teeth, foot-feet。child-children。mouse-mice, louse-lice，ox-oxen。 2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就用“量词+of”。 例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice，a bottle of，a pair of 3、复合名词的复数变化：（顺口溜：属性不变、性别变）解释：three apple trees；three men teachers
专题二 代词测试过关 考号：____ 姓名：__________ 做题时间： 25分钟 得分：________ I. 用所给代词的正确形式填空。 1. Mr. Lee teaches _______(we) English. We all like _______(he) classes. 2. Is this bike ________(you)? No, _______(I) is blue. 3. Did you enjoy ________(you) last night, kids? 4. She hurt _______(her) in the accident. 5. Is this _______(he) pen? Yes, it ’s _______(he). 6. –What ’s ______(you) age? --_______(me) am 15 years old. 7. We can help _______(every) other and learn from each other. 8. How is _______(you) father going, Li Lei? –He is fine, thanks. 9. --My book is here. Where is _______(you), Tom? --______ is in the classroom. 10. --Are ______(you) parents workers? --No, _______(they) are teachers. II. 单项选择。 ( ) 11. Nobody taught English. He learnt all by . A. he; him B . him; himself C. him; him D. himself; himself ( ) 12. — Where is my pen? —Oh, sorry, I have taken by mistake. A . yours B. his C. hers D. mine ( ) 13. have been good friends for over five years. A. He, you and I B. I, you and he C. I, he and you D . You, he and I ( ) 14. --She is too busy to help us to finish the project. ---Let’s do it . A. herself B. myself C . ourselves D. itself ( ) 15. --Is this ball pen __?--No, is on the desk. A. your; mine B. yours; my C. your; my D . yours; mine ( ) 16. The baby heard a terrible noise, _____ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B . which C. this D. that ( ) 17. The English teacher gave the books to all the students except _____who had already taken them. A. ones B. some C . the ones D. the others ( ) 18. the boss allowed _______to take a short holiday next weekend. A. you and I B. yourself and me C.I and you D . you and me ( ) 19. Although she 's rich ，she spends on clothes. A . little B. few C. a little D. a few ( ) 20. They were all tired, but _____ of them would stop to take a rest. A. any B. some C . none D. neither ( ) 21. She wants to know whether small apples are sweeter than big ______. A. those B . ones C. one D. that ( ) 22. When they separated, they said goodbye to_____. A . each other B. each another C. the other each D .each one ( ) 23. After everyone took___ place, the concert began. A . his B. their C. your D. hers ( ) 24. －Why not take a short rest? －Didn ’t you just have ____? A. it B. that C . one D. this ( )25. If you want to change for a double room, you’ll have to pay ___$5. A . another B. other C. more D. each ( ) 26. We should always keep _____ well-informed of the modern world.. A. us B. ours C . ourselves D. we ( ) 27. I will give the money to ___ is at the meeting. A. whomever B. wherever C. whatever D . whoever ( ) 28. I found _____impossible for ____to work out the English problem in such a short time. A . it; her B. it; he C. that; him D. that; she ( ) 29. Few pleasures can equal ____ of a cool drink on a hot day. A. some B. any C . that D. those ( ) 30. I dislike ______ when people talk with their mouths full. A . it B. that C. these D. them ( ) 31. Tim learned Spanish for about three years, _____is, from 2009- to 2012. A. this B . that C. it D. he ( ) 32. He is doing his homework. I'll do______ ,too. A. such B . so C. the same D. the same as ( ) 33. Nowadays in some restaurants, food and service are worse than ______ used to be. A . they B. it C. them D. that ( ) 34.—Are there any birds in the tree? ---______. All the birds have flown