Unit4（第11讲—第13讲）
3. Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels.
affect 是动词，意思是“影响”。常常会有一些英语学习者把动词affect和名词effect混淆，请注意下面的句子：
1）The drought would surely affect the harvest.（这场干旱肯定会影响到收成。）
2）Excessive smoking affected his health，bad coughs often made it difficult to breathe.（过度吸烟影响了他的健康，严重的咳嗽使他难以呼吸。）
3）Psychologists believe that colors have a definite effect on people.（心理学家认为颜色对人肯定有影响。）
4）We could all see the effects of the illness on him.（我们都能看出那场病在的身上的影响。）
5）职务的变化使他的收入大受影响。（The change in position greatly affected his income.）
6）他的话对听众没有任何影响作用。（What he said had little effect on the audience.）
4. Information that doesn't make any sense to you is difficult to remember.
that引导的定语从句修饰information；主句是Information is difficult to remember.
不定式to remember 用在做表语用的形容词后面作状语。请看下面的句子：
1）Einstein was easy to get along with.（爱因斯坦很容易相处。）
2）To many foreigners，Chinese is hard to learn.（对许多外国人来说汉语很难学。）
3）The water in this river is not fit to drink.（这条河里的水不适合饮用。）
4）This question is very difficult to answer.（这个问题很难回答。）
make sense 的意思是“有意义；可理解”。请看下面的句子：
1）No matter how you read it，this sentence doesn't make any sense to me.（无论你怎么读，我都不理解这个句子。）
2）What the writer wanted to express in his book doesn't make any sense to the readers.（读者们无法理解作者在书中所要表达的意思。）
3）His explanation makes no sense to his students.（学生们不理解他的解释。）
5. Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember.
动词不定式to remember在句中做定语，修饰名词ability.请看下面的句子：
1）You should have confidence in your ability to fulfill the task.（你们应对自己完成认务的能力有信心。）
2）He has kept the promise to come early in the morning.（他遵守了一大早来的诺言。）
3）They have the determination to overcome all the difficulties.（他们有克服所有困难的决心。）
4）We could see her anxiety to solve the problem.（我们能看出她急于解决这个问题。）
make a difference 的意思是“有关系；有影响；起作用”。请看下面的句子：
1）What he said would not make any difference in my decision-making.（他说的话不会对我做决定产生任何影响。）
2）Your participation in the work will make a great difference.（你参与我们的工作，情况就不一样了。）
3）Money won't make much difference to him.（钱对他起不了多大作用。）
4）I didn't like the appearance of the house，but the location and price made all the difference.（我不喜欢那房子的外观，但它的位置和价格起了重要作用。）
6. Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.
句中的better是副词well的比较级形式，意思是“更好地”。请看下面的句子：
1）This story is better written than that one.（这个故事写得比那个好。）
2）This room is better furnished than that one.（这间屋子装饰得比那间好。）
3）This team is better trained than that one.（这个队训练得比那个队好。）
4）This job is better paid than that one.（这份工作的报酬比那份高。）
information是一个不可数名词，不能在其后加“-s”。请看例句：
1）There are many ways of obtaining information.（获得信息的途径很多。）
2）So far I haven't got any information about the game.（我至今还没有得到有关比赛的任何消息。）
3）I am sure this piece of information will be of great value to them.（我肯定这一消息对他们会很有价值。）
7. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.
在第一单元的Text B中我们已经对consist of有所了解。这一词组的意思是“由…组成”，它与be made up of；be composed of 的意思相近，但consist of 不用被动语态。请看例句：
1）The United States consists of 50 states.（美国由50个州组成。）
2）The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.（英国由大不立颠和北爱尔兰组成。）
3）Their team is made up of 6 team members.（他们队由6名队员组成。）
4）Our class is made up of 45 students.（我们班由45名同学组成。）
a bit在句中的意思是“一点，一些”，它可以用在形容词的前面，但是不能用在名词的前面。在名词前面必须用a bit of.请看下面的例句：
1）I am a bit tired today.（我今天有点累。）
2）He said he was bit hungry.（他说他有点饿。）
3）Your article is a bit long for our paper. （你的文章对我们的报纸来说有点长了。）
4）He gave the bird a bit of water. （他给了鸟儿一点水。）
5）I would appreciate it if you could give me a bit of good advice.（如果你能给我一点宝贵建议我会很感激的。）
6）I only know a bit of Spanish. （我只懂一点点西班牙语。）
8. Categorizing is another means of organization.
句中的means是一个名词，意思是“方式；手段”，它不是动词mean的第三人称单数。请看下面的例句：
1）The quickest means of travel is by plane. （最快的旅行方式是乘飞机。）
2）Bicycle is the most convenient means of transport. （自行车是最方便的交通工具。）
3）Email is a modern means of communication. （电子邮件是一种现代通讯方式。）
4）He means what he says. （他说话算数。）
5）Forgetting the past means betrayal. （忘记过去就意味着背叛。）
9. Many people will group them into similar categories and remember them as follows：
group into在句中的意思是“把…分组；把…归类”。请看例句：
1）We can group the animals into several types. （我们可以把这些动物归成几类。）
2）Group the words into similar categories and they will be more easily to remember.（把类型相似的单词归类，记起来就更容易了。）
as follows 的意思是“如下”，请看例句：
1）The full text reads as follows：（全文如下：）
2）The results are as follows：（结果如下：）
10. Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it tosomething we remember accurately.
refer to这一词组的意思很多，我们在单词部分已做过讲解。该词组在本句中的意思是“涉及；指”。请看下面的句子：
1）In the second chapter I will refer to this point again.（在第二章中，我还会提到这一点的。）
2）The numbers in my article refer to the footnotes.（我文章中的数目字指的是注脚。）
3）The author referred to his grandfather several times in his story.（作者在他的故事中几次提到他的祖父。）
we want to remember 和we remember accurately都是省略了that的定语从句，前者修饰material，后者修饰something.请看例句：
1）The book you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。）
2）The news he told me disturbed all of us greatly.（他告诉我的那个消息使我们大家深感不安。）
3）The information you gathered is of great help to me.（你收集的那些信息对我很有帮助。）
句子中的it指的是the material.relate…to 在句子中的意思是“与…有关系”，请看例句：
1）His talk mainly related to environmental protection.（他的讲话主要是关于环境保护的。）
2）This regulation relates only to children under 12.（这一规则仅适用于12岁以下儿童。）
11. Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are asked to visualize the items to be remembered.
striking在句子中做形容词用，意思是“显著的，引人注目的”，请看例句：
1）They made a striking commercial success within 5 years.（在5年的时间里，他们在商业上取得了惊人的成功。）
2）Helen's facial features bore a striking resemblance to her mother's.（海伦的面部特征与她的母亲十分相像。）
3）I am not sure whether he can make it this time. I just feel he has a striking lack of confidence.（我不能确定他这次能否成功，其只是觉得他明显信心不足。）
to be remembered不定式的被动形式做定语，修饰the items.请看例句：
1）There are a lot of things to be done.（有很多事要做。）
2）Are you going to the press conference to be held this weekend？（你准备参加本周末举行的记者招待会吗？）
3）This was the first project to be designed John's brother. （这是约翰的哥哥设计的第一个工程。）
12. In one study，subjects in one group were asked to learn some words using imagery，while the second group used repetition to learn the words.
subject在本句中做名词用，意思是“受试者，实验对象”。Subject这个词的词义很多，请看例句，注意subject的词义：
1）The subject of today's discussion is “Population and Education”。（今天讨论的题目是“人口与教育”。）
2）The teacher explained in details the subject of the story to the whole class.（老师把故事的主题详细讲给全班同学听。）
3）How many subjects are you taking this semester？（这学期你选几门课？）
4）He became the subject for ridicule.（他成了人们取笑的对象。）
5）Rabbits and mice are often subjects for medical experiments.（兔和鼠常被用作医学实验的对象。）
6）He is a Chinese subject.（他是中国国民。）
7）This sentence doesn't have a subject.（这个句子没有主语。）
subject还常常做动词或形容词用，请看例句：
1）The country was once subjected to foreign rule.（这个国家曾一度受外国统治。）
2）Taipei was subjected to serious earthquakes last year.（台北去年遭受了严重的地震灾害。）
3）We are all subject to the laws of nature.（我们都要受自然规律的支配。）
4）The child is very subject to coughs.（这孩子动不动就咳嗽。）
5）All men are subject to death.（人总有一死。）
while 在句子中做连词用，意思是“而，然而”。while也是一个多义词，请注意下面例句中while 的意思：
1）Strike while the iron is hot.（趁热打铁。）
2）He listened to the radio while he was doing his homework.（他一边听收音机，一边做作业。）
3）He is talkative while his twin brother is of few words.（他很健谈，而他的孪生兄弟则少言寡语。）
4）While the old man is respected，he is not well liked.（这个老人很受尊敬，但不太受喜欢。）
5）You will succeed sooner or later while you don't lose heart.（只要你不失去信心，你迟早会成功。）
using imagery分词做状语，表示方式，请看例句：
1）They stood there waiting for the bus.
2）She had to work standing up.
13. Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.
划线部分是该句的主要成分，forming an integrated image动名词短语做主语，can help做谓语，us to preserve a memory做复合宾语。
斜体部分是一个“with + 名词+ 过去分词”的独立结构，做方式状语，修饰动名词短语forming an integrated image.
不定式与名词或代词构成复合结构，做动词宾语的现象在英语中很常见，在前几讲中我们也遇到过。再请看几个例句：
1）Would you like Tom to go with you？（你愿意汤姆和你一起去吗？）
2）He wants you to see him in the afternoon.（他想让你下午去见他。）
3）Father encouraged him to study harder.（父亲鼓励他更加努力学习。）
4）I will get someone to help you.（我去找个人来帮你。）
“with + 名词+ 过去分词”的独立结构在英语中也很常见，请看例句：
1）With the problem solved，the plan is going on smoothly.（随着这个问题的解决，计划正顺利进行。）
2）Standing there is a torture to her，with so many eyes fixed on her.（这么多人注视着她，于她而言，站在那儿是一种折磨。）
本课主要词组及句型
词组：
1. focus on
2. a number of
3. at all levels
4. make sense
5. make a difference
6. in random order
7. consist of 8. group into
9. as follows 10. needless to say
11. refer to 12. relate…to
13. associate with 14. compare with
句型：
A.定语从句
1）Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory.
2）Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember
3）There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful.
4）Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.
5）Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately.
B. 动名词做主语
1）Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.
2）Categorizing is another means of organization.
3）Forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.
Text B Short-term Memory
短语表达
1. at a later time
Go ahead with your work，I will give you a call at a later time.
I am not sure if I can remember all this at a later time.
2. in contrast （with / to）
Helen is very talkative. In contrast，her elder sister is silent.
His rudeness was in striking contrast with Jack's thoughtfulness.
3. look up
I don't remember Tom's telephone number，will you please look it up in the telephone book for me？
Look up the dictionary for the meaning of this new word.
4. be unable to
I am really sorry that I was unable to give you a call beforehand.
He was unable to provide us with more information.
5. be released from
He was released from prison after he had been kept there for 5 years.
He was released from a hospital last week after treatment for a disease.
6. be rewarded with
The winner was rewarded with gift of fruit and flowers.
If the rat could find the right door，it would be rewarded with food.
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork. A. persuade B .pursue C. persist 2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions. A. obligation 3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag. B .for 4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media. 5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along. realized I realize did realize I 6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer. 7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year. A .importance B. attention 8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes. A. that 9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. through in for after over on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is. out out out out II. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 People in all parts of the world are observing "No Tobacco Day". It is the day 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or 12 tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently. Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other 13 ．WHO says diseases linked to smoking kill 14 2,500,000 persons each year. Still, many people find it 15 stopping smoking. One reason is nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine is a drug. Its effects are 16 those of cocaine and heroin. "No Tobacco Day" is intended for smokers and 17 who earn money from tobacco sales. So businesses are urged to stop selling tobacco products for twenty-four hours. 18 are urged not to carry advertisements for cigarettes. WHO has approved plans to help reach its 19 of a "smoke-free" world. They urge governments to take action to help 20 make money by growing other crops. They also call for improved public information campaigns about the risks of smoking. 11. A. whether B. which C. when D. what
自考英语（一）课堂笔记完整版（6） Unit3（第7讲—第10讲） 4. One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。 Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot. 这两个都是表语从句和主句中的系动词连用的句子。结构为：主语＋系动词＋表语从句。请看下面的例句：My idea is that we contact him as soon as possible.（我的想法是我们应该尽快跟他联系。） 请翻译下面的句子： 1）My suggestion is that we should put off the meeting.（我的建议是我们应该把会议延期。） 2）One advantage of solar energy is that it will never be used up.（太阳能的一个优点是用之不竭。） 3）问题是你不在时谁照管孩子。（The problem is who will take care of the children while you are away.） 4）看起来天要下雨。（It looks that it is going to rain.） 请注意辨析another 和other： another由an＋other构成，只和单数可数名词连用。other可用于所有名词前。another＋单数名词表示不定的“另一个”，the other＋单数可数名词表示特指的“另一个”。 请看下面的例句： 1）This idea is not very practical，will you think of another one？（这个主意不太实际，你能另想一个吗？） 2）This book is too difficult. Show me another one.（这本书太难了，给我看另外一本。） 3）Of the three books in my bag，two are published in China，the other is published in the United States.（我包里的三本书中，两本是中国出版的，另一本是美国出版的。） 4）Tom is here，but where are the other boys？（汤姆在这儿，其他的男孩在哪儿呢？） 5）I like this coat better than the other one.（两件上衣中，我更喜欢这一件。） 6）This camera is more expensive than the other one.（这架照相机比另一架贵。） boiling hot意思是“滚热的，酷热的”。此处的boiling不是形容词而是副词，表示热的程度，修饰hot. 5. Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth. 此句中，that引导的名词性从句作形容词的补足语。例如： 1）I am afraid that I can not finish the article in two hours.（我担心我两小时内写不完这篇文章。）
2005年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷及答案 （课程代码：00015） PART ONE （50 POINTS） Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1.Would’t you rather your child ______ successful with his study and won the scholarship? A. became B. become C. would become D. becomes 2. Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement, he wonders _______will happen to his family life. A. it B. that C. what D. this 3. We hope that all the measures against sandstorms, ________ was put forward by the committee, will be considered seriously at the meeting . A. while B. after C. since D. as 4. We cannot leave this tough job to a person_________. A. who nobody has confidence B. in whom nobody has confidence C. for whom nobody has confidence D. who everyone has confidence of 5. You are the best for the job _____ you apply your mind to it . A. until B. if only C. in case D. unless 6.Hey, leave _____!I hate people touching my hair. A. behind B. out C. off D. over 7.I thought the problem of water shortage would ________ at the meeting but nobody mentioned it. A. come up B. come up to C. come over D. come to 8.Mr.Smith , can I ________ you for a minute? I’d like to hear your opinion on this issue. A. say a word with B. have words with C. mention a word with D. have a word with 9.There is a deadlock (僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the over . A. a way B. way C. the way D. its way 10. This type of desk and chair can be adjusted ________ the height of students at different ages. A. with B. for C. to D. in Ⅱ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology. Her ability to negotiate __11___ by the fact most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets. Japan’s __12__ has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large, so that __13__ to this market could be offered to multinational companies as an attraction to them to grant licenses. Besides, Japan’s work force was disciplined, so it was capable __14__ applying the information it acquired. Finally, American and European companies, who were __15__ licensers, felt that the
2014年10月高等教育自学考试英语（二）试卷 （课程代码00015） 本试卷满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1．本卷所有试卷必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。 2．第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。 3．第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫M黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 第一部分选择题 一、阅读判断（第1—10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题纸相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 The Stranger Who Changed My Life It was a sunny morning in the spring of 1966. I was driving a taxi, looking for a customer. While passing New York Hospital, I found a man running down the hospital steps, waving at me. I stopped. The man reached the taxi and jumped in. “The Airport, please,”he said. As always, I wondered about my passenger. Was this man a talker? After a few moments, he started saying, “How do you like driving a taxi?” “It’s OK” I said. “I make a living and meet interesting people sometimes.” “What do you do?” I asked. “I am a doctor at New York Hospital.” Many times during long rides, I’d developed a good relationship with my passengers and received very good advice from them. This time I decided to ask for his help. “Could I ask a favor of you?” He didn’t answer. “I have a son, 15, a good kid. He wants a job this summer. Is it possible that you get one for him?” He still wasn’t talking, and I was starting to feel foolish. Finally, he said, “Well, my students have a summer research project. Maybe he could join in. Have him send me his school record.” He left his address and paid me. It was the last time I ever saw him.
重点单词扩充讲解： 1. organizational: a 组织上的 由此我们可以联想到：organize: v 组织；organization: n 组织；organizer: n 组织者 请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空： 1). Last week, our school __organized_____ a spring outing. 2). The task calls for the highest _organizational_ skill. 3). China has joined World Trade _organization_________. 4). He is the ____organizer______ of the speech contest. Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer 2. objective: n 目标； a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观的 3. predict: v 预言、预示； 由此我们可以联想到：prediction: n 预言；predictable: a 可预测的；predictor: n 预言家 4. simplify: v 简化 由此我们可以联想到：simple: a 简单的；simply: ad 简单地，仅仅地；simplification: n 简化；simplified: a 被简
Exercises for the above words: 1). The machine is simple_____ in operation but complex in structure. 2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while __simplified__ edition is quite easy. 3). There is no point in arguing about it, becau se it is __simply_____ a question of procedure. 4). The _simplification_____ of working process freed the workers fro heavy labor. Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification 5. tendency: n 趋势、倾向；tend : v 倾向于…，tend to do sth e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter. Or old people tend to get fatter. 6. managerial: a 经理的、经营上的； 由此我们可以联想到：manage: v管理、经营；management: n; manager: n 经营者，管理者；manageable: a 可管理的、可经营的。 7. argue: v 争辩、争论，常用固定搭配：argu with sb about/over sth由于某事而同某人争论；argue sb into doing sth说服某人做某事；argue sb out of doing sth说服某人不
2014年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）标准试题 (课程代码：00015) 第一部分：阅读判断题(每题1分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供 的是正确信息，选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。 Running: Sport or Way of Life? You go through the channels several times and find that once again there's nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on some running shoes and comfortable clothes and go for a run. One of the best things about the sport of running is that you don't need expensive equipment. All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But don't be fooled into thinking the sport of running is easy It requires discipline and concentration. Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart lungs and muscles? It makes you more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you don't get sick as easily. It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more clearly. How do you get engaged in the sport if you don't know much about it? Most schools offer running programs. A simple internet search can help some in your find area. Then programs show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun. They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies. Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. If you go to a race you'll see people cheering for all the runners. Running isn't always about how fast you are or how far you're going. It's about getting out there and doing it. Participation is more important than competition and effort is recognized over talent. If you're looking for more than just a sport running may be the perfect choice for you 1. You may find it interesting in go for A run. A. True B. False C. Not Given 2. The sport of running is easy. A True B. False C. Not Given 3. It is hard to End n safe environment for running.
2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二）试卷（课程代码：00015） 本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。 必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。 第一部分：阅读判断（第1?10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 To Lease(租赁) or Not to Lease Planning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying. Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you were to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back. Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you might have to buy a used Explorer, or buy a new but much less expensive model. A lease，therefore，allows you to drive the latest models of more expensive cars. However, whatever car you can afford to buy you get to keep it, and it will always have a resell or trade-in(以新旧换)value if you want to upgrade to a new car later. Furthermore, people who lease cars are often shocked by how much they must pay when the lease is over . Most leases limit you to a certain number of miles. If you go over that, you must pay for each mile. As a result, you may end up paying thousands of dollars in mileage(里程) fees. In addition, when you lease ,you have to pay for regular maintenance and repairs to the vehicle. Since you must return the car finally, you are paying to repair someone else's car.
自考“英语（二）”复习资料 第一单元 1.常考单词： goal，objective，accomplish，predict，accompany，implement，tendency，achievement，argue，budget，define，entity 2. 常考词组： in the way，in part，point of view，contribute to，to apply for，in hand，to turn down 3. 常考句子： 1）A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. 2）Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 3）If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made. 4）For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents and the like. 5）For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion. 6）Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is，which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals. 7）In the larger scheme of things，however，increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization. 8）Some of these objectives are more important than others，but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department. 第二单元 1.常考单词： escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of，a great many，above all 2. 常考句子： 1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape. 2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point. 3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. 4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. 5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. 第三单元 1.常考单词： weaken deteriorate debate legal request criterion ensure oppose tradition consideration disabled burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive 2. 常考词组： to debate on to make request for be opposed to to take … into account 3. 常考句子： 1）Affected with a serious disease，van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. 2）Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final，lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. 3）The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown，it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. 4）What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. 第四单元 1.常考单词： demestic statistics diplomat exploit campaign execute convict despite de serving shelf minimum status deport 2. 常考句子： 1）There are estimated to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. 2）Of these 20，000，just under 2，000 are being exploited and abused by their employers. 3）The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases. 4）A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder，despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. 5）She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka. 6）Because she found it difficult to feed her four children，she accepted a job working as a domestic in London. 7）So if they do complain，they risk being deported. 第五单元 1.常考单词： Musician，rhythmic，distinct， consciousness，originate，readily， instrument，electronic，thereby， passive，participant 2. 常考词组： to take place to take over to take on in a sense at a stretch to serve as in advance for the sake of 3. 常考句子： 1）The new music was built out of materials already in existence. 2）Folk music，old and modern， was popular among college students. 3）They freely took over elements form jazz，from American country music. 4）With records at home， listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could. 第六单元 1.常考单词： efficiency increasingly inst all personnel expose reduc tion completion specific s witch critical intensity s cale defective 2. 常考词组： in that in question plenty of 3. 常考句子： 1）Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry，where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. 2）Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen，although
2016年10月高等教育自学考试英语（二）真题 第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 Being ”Cool” in Middle School A new study shows that gentle and quiet kids in middle school will grow up to rule. Or, they’ll live healthier and more productive lives than the “cool” kids will. The study looked at 13-year-olds who acted old for their age by having “cool”behavior, such as early romantic relationships. They were seen as “cool” and popular kids. But as they grew up, things changed. The study found that these kids tended to have problems with drugs and relationships by their 20s. Their behavior was no longer linked with popularity. Instead, they were thought to be less socially skilled by their peers. Besides, the average “cool”kids, by age 22, did more poorly than the average kids in the study. They had a 45 percent greater rate of problems due to drugs and alcohol. They also had a 22 percent greater rate of criminal behavior. The study also found that these kids failed to develop important life skills. They spent so much time trying to seem cool. They didn’t