韩礼德对小说《继承者》所作的文体分析开辟了及物性分析的先河。现今,及物性系统已经发展成为最为学者熟知和最为广泛应用的文体分析模式之一。文章将采取这种模式对欧亨利的短篇小说《麦琪的礼物》中的女主人公情感变化进行分析, 从而说明作者对及物性系统中选择和运用在表现人物情感时的作用, 以及读者对及物性系统的分析和理解在解读人物情感中的意义。
一、引言
系统功能学派认为,语言是人类社会活动的产物。作为人类交际的工具,它承担着各种各样的功能。韩礼德把语言的纯理功能(metal function)分为三种:概念功能( ideational function)、人际功能( interpersonal function)和语篇功能( textual function)。其中概念功能是指语言如何促使人类建构现实世界的心理图景、如何理解周围环境和内心世界所发生的一切。概念功能的主要体现形式为及物性系统(transitivity system)。继韩礼德发表《语言功能和文体分析:对威廉·戈尔丁的〈继承者〉的语言的探索》一文以来,及物性分析模式被越来越多地运用于文体分析中实践证明。现今,及物性系统已经发展成为最为广泛应用的文体分析模式之一。
二、用及物性系统分析女主人公情感变化
韩礼德的及物性系统用小句的形式表现语言的概念功能,是语言再现经验的基石“, 其作用在于把人们在现实生活中的所见所闻、所作所为分成若干…过程?,并说明与各种过程有关的…参加者?和…环境成分?”。在《功能语法导论》中韩礼德区分了六种不同的过程,即“物质、心理、关系、行为、言语以及存在过程。物质过程是表示做某事的过程，物质过程涉及的是诸如跑，跳，坐，扔，打，做，写之类的动作。发出动作的参与者为动作者，受动作影响的参与者为目标，表示动作发生的时间、地点、方式等的成分为环境成分；心理过程表示三种感觉类型:感知、情感和认知；关系过程指语言反映事物之间的关系的功能。
《麦琪的礼物》是欧·亨利的代表作，它通过写在圣诞节前一天，为了给丈夫买一条白金表链作为圣诞礼物，妻子卖掉了一头秀发。而丈夫出于同样的目的，卖掉了祖传金表给妻子买了一套发梳。尽管彼此的礼物都失去了使用价值，但他们从中获得的情感却是无价的。文中作者对女主人公德拉的描写用了大量的笔墨，本文通过德拉不同阶段的情感，将全文分成两部分，为给丈夫买到了称心的礼物而兴奋、为甜蜜的误会而感动。以下就从及物性角度对文章两部分进行分析。
（一）为给丈夫买到了称心的礼物而兴奋
（1）物质过程：此处选取以德拉为动作者的具有代表性的两句：
①Her eyes[动作者] were shining[物质过程] brilliantly[环境：方式]
②She[动作者] fluttered out[物质过程] the door[目标]
两个句子动作者均是Della，物质过程分别为were shining（闪烁），flutter out（飘动），这两个物质过程都是动态的，体现出动作者充沛的精力。但在这两句中，只出现了一个表示位置的环境因子，这表明作者充沛的精力可以几乎不受任何限
制的自由发挥。
（2）言语过程：这一部分中有女主人公Della 和理发店老板娘的一段对话
"Will you buy my hair?" asked Della. "I buy hair," said Madame. "Take your hat off and let's have a sight at the looks of it." Down rippled the brown cascade. "Twenty dollars," said Madame, lifting the mass with a practiced hand. "Give it to me quick," said Della.
Della 的话语全部简洁至极，当得知自己的头发能换来二十美元时，Della 的反应是“Give it to me quick”，此句省略主语，充分体现出Della 急不可耐的心情。
（3）关系过程：①Now, there were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which they both took a mighty pride. One was Jim's gold watch that had been his father's and his grandfather's. The other was Della's hair.
本段全部围绕jimmy?gold watch 展开，作者用了很多的笔墨极力渲染Della 得到的这条表链是多么的独一无二，完美无缺，这种描述性的语言仿佛是主人公的内心独白，充满了喜悦和兴奋，并给读者带来很强的感染力。
（二）为甜蜜的误会而感动
（1）物质过程：①She[动作者]hugged[物质过程] them[目标] to her bosom[环境：位置]
②She[动作者] let out[物质过程] an ecstatic scream of joy[目标];
两句动作者为Della，物质过程分别为hug、let out，这三个物质过程都是在建立在一定的感情基础上才能出现的物质过程，较为缓和，充分体现出动作者内心的柔和状态。三句中只有一句带有表示位置的环境因子，为“to her bosom”，意为“在她胸中”，表明动作者德拉这种柔和的状态可以自由的在自己内心滋长。
（2）心理过程：Then she heard his step on the stair away down on the first flight（感知）Della 能够听出丈夫的脚步声，从一个侧面反映出两人感情之深厚，以及Della 等待丈夫的过程中那种寂寞又焦急的心情。
（3）言语过程
第三部分中作者运用了大量的言语过程描写，Della 和丈
夫的对话朴实又饱含情感
①and now she whispered: "Please God, make him think I am still pretty."
②But she hugged them to her bosom, and at length she was able to look up with dim eyes and a smile and say: "My hair grows so fast, Jim! "
作者分别用了“whisper”“smile and say”来引出语言，其间能读者能看出Della 微妙的情感变化，whisper 是因为自己内心的焦急，smile and say 则充满了对丈夫的感动和怜惜。言语过程层层递进，随着故事情节的发展不断揭示Della 的内心世界。
三、结论
通过对《麦琪的礼物》的及物性分析，我们可以看到欧亨利在语言选择上的成就，作者擅于运用不同的描写形式来突出人物，这使我们更深刻的理解女主人公德拉的情感变化，以及由此所揭示的亘古不变的爱情主题。
参考文献：
[1]胡壮麟，朱永生，张德禄.系统功能语法概论[M].湖南教育出版社,1989.
[2]张德禄,苗兴伟,李学宁.功能语言学与外语教学[M].外语教学与研究出版社,25.
[3]李遇溪.外国文学名著赏析词典[M].浙江文艺出版社,1988.
《麦琪的礼物(节选)》阅读答案 ②楼下的门道里有个信箱，可从来没有装过信，还有一个电钮，也从没有人的手指按响过电铃。而且，那儿还有一张名片，上写着“詹姆斯·迪林厄姆·杨先生”。 ③ “迪林厄姆”这个名号是主人先前春风得意之际，一时兴起加上去的，那时候他每星期挣三十美元。现在，他的收入缩减到二十美元，“迪林厄姆”的字母也显得模糊不清，似乎它们正严肃地思忖着是否缩写成谦逊而又讲求实际的字母D。不过，每当詹姆斯·迪林厄姆·杨回家，走进楼上的房间时，詹姆斯·迪林厄姆·杨太太，就是刚介绍给诸位的德拉，总是把他称作“吉姆”，而且热烈地拥抱他。那当然是再好不过的了。 ④德拉哭完之后，往面颊上抹了抹粉，她站在窗前，痴痴地瞅着灰蒙蒙的.后院里一只灰白色的猫正行走在灰白色的篱笆上。明天就是圣诞节，她只有一元八角七给吉姆买一份礼物。她花去好几个月的时间，用了最大的努力一分一分地攒积下来，才得了这样一个结果。一周二十美元实在经不起花，支出大于预算，总是如此。只有一元八角七给吉姆买礼物，她的吉姆啊。她花费了多少幸福的时日筹划着要送他一件可心的礼物，一件精致、珍奇、贵重的礼物——至少应有点儿配得上吉姆所有的东西才成啊。 ——《麦琪的礼物》 14.简要括选文的主要内容。(2分) 15.品选文第③段画线的表达效果。(3分) 16.第④段画线句运用了什么描写方法?有什么作用?(4分) 参考答案： 14.写了他们据的生活状况以及德拉的美好愿望。 15.这句话运用了拟人的修辞手法，通过名字中的字母思忖着变成“D”，形象地表现了他们家境的贫穷，同时具有调侃的味道。 16.神态描写和景物描写突出人物失望、沮丧、无奈的心情。
阅读下边文段，完成文后各题。 一进门杰姆就站住了，像一条猎犬嗅到鹌鹑似地纹丝不动。他两眼盯着德拉，有一种她捉摸不透的表情，这使她大为惊慌。那既不是愤怒，也不是惊讶，又不是不满，更不是厌恶，不是她所预料的任何一种神情。他只是带着那种奇怪的神情死死地盯着她。 德拉忐忑不安地从桌上跳下来，走到他身边。 杰姆，亲爱的，她喊道，别那样盯着我看。我把头发剪掉卖了，因为我不送你一件礼物，我过不了圣诞节。头发会再长起来的——你不会在意吧，是不是我实在没办法才这么做的。我的头发长得快得要命。说句‘恭贺圣诞’吧！杰姆，让我们高高兴兴的。你猜不到我给你买了一件多么好——多么美丽的礼物。 你把头发剪掉了杰姆吃力地问道，仿佛他绞尽脑汁之后，还没有把那个显而易见的事实弄明白似的。 非但剪了，而且卖了，德拉说，不管怎样，你还是一样地喜欢我，是不是没有了头发，我还是我，不是吗 杰姆好奇地向房里四下张望。 你说你的头发没有了他带着近乎白痴的神情问道。 你用不着找了，德拉说，我告诉你，已经卖了——卖了，没有了。今天是圣诞前夜，亲爱的。好好地对待我，我剪掉头发为的是你呀。我的头发可能数得清，她突然非常温柔地接下去说，但是我对你的爱情谁也数不清。我把肉排烧上好吗杰姆！ 杰姆好像忽然从恍惚中醒过来。他把德拉搂在怀里。为了不致冒昧，让我们花十秒钟工夫瞧瞧另一方面无关紧要的东西吧。每周八块钱的房租，或者每年一百万块钱的房租 ——其中有什么区别一个数学家或是一个滑稽家可能给你一个不正确的答复。麦琪带来了珍贵的礼物，但是其中没有那样东西。这句晦涩的话，下文将有说明。
Unit two: The plot and the Character Reading: O. Henry, The Gift of the Magi Plot ?A plot is a plan or groundwork for a story, based on conflicting human motivations, with the actions resulting from believable and realistic human responses. ?“The king died, and then the queen died.” ?“The king died, and then the queen died of grief.” Conflict in plot Fictional human responses are brought out to their highest degree in the development of a conflict. In its most elemental form, a conflict is the opposition of two people. They may fight, argue, enlist help against each other, and otherwise carry on their opposition. Conflicts may also exist between larger groups of people, between an individual and larger forces, such as natural objects, ideas, modes of behavior, public opinion, and the like. The existence of difficult choices within an individual’s mind may also be presented as conflict. External Conflict External conflict may take the form of a basic opposition between man and nature, or between man and society. It may also take the form of an opposition between man and man(between the protagonist and a human adversary, the antagonist. Internal Conflict ?Internal conflict, on the other hand, focuses on two or more elements contesting within the protagonist’s own character. ?Some conflicts, in fact, are never made explicit and must be inferred by the reader from what the characters do or say as the plot unfolds, as is the case in Ernest Hemingway’s Hills like White Elephants. Five Stages of Plot (1) ?Exposition:the exposition is the beginning section in which the author provides the necessary background information, sets the scene, establishes the situation, and dates the action. It usually introduces the characters and the conflict, or at least the potential for conflict. Five Stages of Plot (2) ?Complication: The complication, which is sometimes referred to as the rising action, develops and intensifies the conflict. ?Crisis: the crisis (also referred to as the climax) is that moment at which the plot reaches its point of greatest emotional intensity; it is the turning point of the plot, directly precipitating the resolution. Five Stages of Plot (3) ?Falling action: Once the crisis, or turning point, has been reached, the tension subsides and the plot moves toward its conclusion. ?Resolution:It is the final section of the plot which records the outcome of the conflict and establishes some new equilibrium. The resolution is also referred to as the conclusion or the denouement, the latter a Frenc h word meaning “unknotting” or “untying”. The Ordering of Plot (1) ?The customary way of ordering the episodes or events in a plot is to present them chronologically, i.e., in the order of their occurrence in time.
麦琪的礼物 教案示例一第一课时（一）明确目标1．理清故事情节2．掌握小说主题（二）整体感知习题“表琪的礼物”《圣经》中（三）教学过程：1．介绍，世界三大短篇小说之王，以初中学习过的作品莫泊桑（法）《我的叔叔于勒》契柯夫（俄国）《变色龙》欧·亨利（美）《》欧·亨利终其一生，共创作了三百余篇短篇小说，若一言以蔽之，则可以说：它都体现了作家对健康的人性与健康的社会的强烈向往与追求！它歌颂着小人物在贫困生存中的善良，相儒以沫的真淳的品格，尽管不无苍凉的苦笑；它们揭露着那些“社会宠儿”的骄奢淫逸，尔虞我诈，寡廉鲜耻的卑劣本质，虽然表面上轻松乃至调侃；它们的怒斥着社会的丑恶黑暗，却以“鬼脸”笑谑……2．看课文后，复述情节。3．用一句话概括情节：一对夫妻在圣诞来临之际为对方准备了是惊喜的礼物，而礼物却失却了作用。4．小说中德拉给丈夫买礼物的标准是什么？而家中有无条件？精致珍奇而真有价值的。小说的开头交代家境，表明没有条件。5．小说的结尾夫妻俩所买的礼物是否“精致，珍奇而真有价值的？”（学生自由讨论）6．归纳小说的主题小说写了平民中间发生的一件小事：夫妻因为没有钱为对方买圣诞礼物，不得不各自卖掉自己最宝贵的东西，意使彼此愿望却落空，但却拥有更为温馨的爱，表现了贫困之中，无私的爱的美好纯洁，也从另一个侧面反映平民生活的悲惨。（四）总结、
扩展小说中尽管社会是无情冷酷的，平民生活是无奈凄惨的，但人性的善良和崇高在那样的环境中更显的震撼人心，更让人感慨万分；可人性中有美好的一面，也有丑恶的一面，完成书后练习四（五）布置作业1．小说中哪些情节突出表现人物无私的爱？用了哪些描写方法？文中带夸张手法介绍杰姆夫妇两样特别引以为豪的东西，而各自为了对方又牺牲了自己的物品。德拉为最后的决定而经过的一段神态动作和语言描写。2．思考小说情节设计上有何精巧之处，完成书后练习二。（六）板书设计（略）第二课时（一）明确目标1．体会小说精妙的构思。2．掌握材料详略安排。3．感悟重要语句的言外之意。（二）整体感知在上节课文理清情节，概括主题的基础上，学习欧·亨利独特的小说艺术。（三）教学过程：1．检查作业（书后练习二）（1）“一块八角七分钱”与圣诞节有何关系，德拉为何哭？（2）德拉的头发一会儿披散下来，一会又梳起来，干什么？（3）白金表链有没有给杰姆带来快乐？（4）杰姆见到德拉时神情为何异常？（5）杰姆带给德拉的礼物是什么？2．复习上节课有关内容并思考以下问题（1）在写杰姆夫妇卖物品买礼物的情节中为何详写德拉？（2）你认为本文构思上最出乎意料的是哪一处？这样写有何好处？（3）拥有了白金表链，可是用以联结表链的金表却没有了，这是一种怎样的遗憾和怎样的一种美？（4）作者为什么说他们是最聪明的？明确答案：（1）详写德拉。夫妻为赠送对方圣诞礼物而卖掉自己的最宝贵的东西的目的、心理，经过基本相同，详写其中一位德拉就有代表性，杰姆卖表等
The Gift of the Magi① One dollar and eighty-seven cents.That was all.And sixty cents of it was in pennies.Pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing(强迫;胁迫)the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one's cheeks burned with the silent imputation of parsimony②that such close dealing implied.Three times Della counted it.One dollar and eighty eighty--seven cents.And the next day would be Christmas. There was clearly nothing to do but flop down on the shabby little couch and howl.So Della did it.Which instigates the moral reflection that life is made up of sobs,sniffles,and smiles,with sniffles predominating.③ While the mistress of the home is gradually subsiding from the first stage to the second,take a look at the home.④A furnished flat at$8per week.It did not exactly beggar description,but it certainly had that word on the lookout for the mendicancy squad.⑤ In the vestibule(门厅;前厅)below was a letter-box into which no letter would go,and an electric button from which no mortal finger could coax a ring⑥.Also appertaining thereunto was a card bearing the name"Mr.James Dillingham Young."⑦ The"Dillingham"had been flung to the breeze during a former period of prosperity when its possessor was being paid$30per week.⑧Now,when the ①麦琪（Magi，单数为Magus）：指圣婴基督出生时来自东方送礼的三贤人，载于《圣经·马太福音》第二章第一节和第七至第十三节。 ②By...parsimony:by driving a hard bargain with the grocer,the vegetable man,and the butcher over every single cent,thus making one flush with shame for being so very stingy(吝啬的，小气的).Imputation[正式]罪名，污名。parsimony n.吝啬，小气，不大方。 ③Which...predominating:Which makes us spiritually aware of the fact that life is full of sobs,sniffles,and smiles,with sniffles being the most noticeable.Instigate v.(以行动)促使(某事发生)；发起。'moral精神上的，心理上的，道义上的。Sniffle n.抽鼻子(声)。 ④While...home:While Della's sobs are gradually turning into sniffles,let us take a look at her home.Sub'side n.(of a feeling,pain,sound,etc.)gradually become less and then stop. ⑤The flat was almost too wretched for words to describe.The phrase"to beggar description"means to cause one's resources of description to seem poor and inadequate.mendicancy squad乞丐帮。 ⑥Which...ring:no one could get a ring by pressing the electric button;obviously,the doorbell had long been out of order.Mortal:人的；人类的。 ⑦Also...young:Close to the doorbell there was also a card with the name"Mr.James Dillingham Young"written on it.Appertain(to):属于；和……有关。Thereunto ad.到那里；向那里。 ⑧The...week:The middle name"Dillingham"had been put on display on the name card during a time when Jim was better-off with a weekly wage of$30.Flung to the breeze
《麦琪的礼物》 导读：本文是关于《麦琪的礼物》，希望能帮助到您！ 教学目的： 1.作品巧妙的构思；引人入胜的悬念，出人意料的结尾。 2.详略得当的处理材料的方法。 体会人性美，人情美。让学生学会尊重他人的爱，并学会爱他人。 1.教学重点：理清情节，把握思想内容，体会精巧的构思。 教学难点：材料详略的处理，及重要语句的分析。 教学过程： 第一课时 一．导入新课 《圣经》上记载着这样一个故事：耶稣降生时，三个贤人麦琪从东方耶路撒冷赶来送给他礼物：“光明之王”梅尔基奥尔赠送黄金表示尊贵，“洁白者”加斯帕赠送乳香象征神圣，巴尔萨泽赠送毒药预示着基督后来遭受迫害而死。从此以后，西方在圣诞节这一天互相赠送礼物来表达自己心中最真挚的感情，因而演绎了许多动人的故事。美国作家欧.亨利的《麦琪的礼物》就是一个感人至深的故事。 二．复习小说三要素，了解小说的阅读方法。
提问：什么是小说的三要素？怎样阅读小说？ 小说三要素：人物，环境，情节。 阅读小说可分三步：1明作家，知背景 2读小说，析要素 3深分析，挖主题 三．明作家，知背景 欧.亨利，美国著名的短篇小说家。一生创作了三百多篇短篇小说，代表作有《麦琪的礼物》，《警察与赞美诗》，《最后一片藤叶》等。他的作品以轻松幽默的笔调，描写了大都市里小人物的不幸命运和美好的品质，揭露了上层社会的虚伪无耻与专横腐败。艺术上精于构思，往往有曲折的情节与出人意料的结尾，使人回味无穷。 世界三大短篇小说之王：莫泊桑（法）《我的叔叔于勒》契珂夫（俄）《变色龙》 欧.亨利（美）《麦琪的礼物》 四．指导学生阅读课文，整体把握全文（读小说，析要素）1．下列词语正音，释义。 抽噎(yè)馈(kuì)赠吝(lì)啬(sè)鹌(?n)鹑(chún) 掂(di?n)斤拨两相形见绌(chù)俗不可耐忐(t?n)忑(tè)不安 2．速默读课文，标好自然段，找出小说三要素。 提问：（1）小说的主人公是谁？ （2）故事发生在什么样的环境里？
One dollar and eighty-seven cents. That was all. And sixty cents of it was in pennies. Pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one's cheeks burned with the silent imputation of parsimony that such close dealing implied. Three times Della counted it. One dollar and eighty- seven cents. And the next day would be Christmas. There was clearly nothing to do but flop down on the shabby little couch and howl. So Della did it. Which instigates the moral reflection that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles predominating. While the mistress of the home is gradually subsiding from the first stage to the second, take a look at the home. A furnished flat at $8 per week. It did not exactly beggar description, but it certainly had that word on the lookout for the mendicancy squad. In the vestibule below was a letter-box into which no letter would go, and an electric button from which no mortal finger could coax a ring. Also appertaining thereunto was a card bearing the name "Mr. James Dillingham Young." The "Dillingham" had been flung to the breeze during a former period of prosperity when its possessor was being paid $30 per week. Now, when the income was shrunk to $20, though, they were thinking seriously of contracting to a modest and unassuming D. But whenever Mr. James Dillingham Young came home and reached his flat above he was called "Jim" and greatly hugged by Mrs. James Dillingham Young, already introduced to you as Della. Which is all very good. Della finished her cry and attended to her cheeks with the powder rag. She stood by the window and looked out dully at a gray cat walking a gray fence in a gray backyard. Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. She had been saving every penny she could for months, with this result. Twenty dollars a week doesn't go far. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated. They always are. Only $1.87 to buy a present for Jim. Her Jim. Many a happy hour she had spent planning for something nice for him. Something fine and rare and sterling--something just a little bit near to being worthy of the honor of being owned by Jim. There was a pier-glass between the windows of the room. Perhaps you have seen a pierglass in an $8 flat. A very thin and very agile person may, by observing his reflection in a rapid sequence of longitudinal strips, obtain a fairly accurate conception of his looks. Della, being slender, had mastered the art. Suddenly she whirled from the window and stood before the glass. her eyes
一、单项选择题(本大题共24小题。每小题l分。共24分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1．《乌龟和兔子》、《狼和小羊》、《农夫和蛇》等故事出自 ( ) A．《神谱》 B．《理想国》 C．《伊索寓言》D．《埃涅阿斯纪》 2．神话诗《变形记》是罗马诗人_____的代表作。 ( ) A．贺拉斯 B．奥维德 C．西塞罗 D．卢克莱修 3．《七将攻忒拜》和《被缚的普罗米修斯》的作者是 ( ) A．埃斯库罗斯 B．索福克勒斯 C．欧里庇得斯 D．阿里斯托芬 4．西班牙“民族戏剧之父”是 ( ) A．塞万提斯 B．拉伯雷 C．蒙田D．维伽 5．根据苏格兰历史编写的，莎士比亚四大悲剧中气氛最阴暗可怖的一出 是 ( ) A．《哈姆莱特》 B．《奥赛罗》
C．《麦克白》 D．《李尔王》 6．中篇书信体小说《少年维特之烦恼》的作者是 ( ) A．席勒 B．雨果 C．歌德 D．都德 7．狂飙突进运动发生在18世纪_____年代的德国。 ( ) A．30～40 B．50～60 C．70～80 D．80～90 8．19世纪有“美国文学之父”之称的是 ( ) A．爱伦·坡 B．库柏 C．华盛顿·欧文 D．杰克·伦敦 9．普希金的小说_____开俄国文学抒写小人物命运之先河。 ( ) A．《上尉的女儿》 B．《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》 C．《驿站长》 D．《鲁斯兰与柳德米拉》 10．《呼啸山庄》是_____惟一的长篇小说。 ( ) A．爱米莉·勃朗特 B．小仲马 C．大仲马 D.夏绿蒂·勃朗特 11．《往事与随想》、《谁之罪》是俄国作家____的作品。 ( )
麦琪的礼物读后感读书心得1200字五篇 读了欧?亨利的名作《麦琪的礼物》，我才深深地感受到了欧?亨利小说的吸引力。关 于《麦琪的礼物》读后感怎么写?下面是小编给大家整理的《麦琪的礼物》读后感范文， 欢迎大家来参阅。 麦琪，是圣子耶酥诞生时前来送礼的三位智慧的贤人，他们首创了圣诞节馈赠礼物的风俗。在西方人看来，圣诞礼物是最可珍贵的，因而也希望自己获得的礼物是最有价值的。 这篇小说叙述了一对穷困的年轻的夫妻互相赠送礼物的故事。这对年轻的夫妻是互敬 互爱的，尽管生活贫困，他们之间却存在着纯洁、忠贞的爱情。为了对方的快乐，他们全 都乐意作出重大的牺牲。 小说一开始，就着力渲染了女主人公德拉在圣诞节前夕产生的烦恼，从而突出了构成 全篇情节基础的矛盾：想买礼物而生活拮据。作者在前文有意蓄势，反复强调了"一块八 角七分钱"的钱数之少和来之不易，这使德拉购买圣诞礼物的希望很难实现。 为了解答读者的疑问，作品接下去介绍了德拉作为主妇的这个家庭的窘境，这对年轻 的夫妇，住的是"与贫民窟相差无几"的公寓，亲戚朋友很少来往，信箱里根本就没有投信进去，我认为作者这样做都是在蓄势，为后文表现德拉与杰姆的真挚的爱情打下坚实的基础。 金表和美发，对这个每星期只有20块钱的家庭来说，是一笔巨大的财富，作者处心 积虑表现金表和美发的重要，用了非常形象的比喻及夸张手法来表现，更加衬托出它们对主人公的重要，毫不夸张的说，金表和美发是他们生命得一部分，双方都是因为欣赏而艰难幸福的生活。但是到最后，真挚、纯洁的爱情还是让双方都舍弃了自己的最爱，心甘情愿的献出。这是何等的爱情，简直是惊天地、泣鬼神，无法用言语形容。 另外，小说揭示社会现实不靠说教，而是用人物感情的起伏的发展变化作为脉络，启发读者去触摸，感受人物带有悲剧性的思想性格，在那个金钱可以买卖爱情，心理和感情出现畸变的社会中。德拉夫妇的真挚深厚的爱充满了作家的理想主义色彩。作者欧。亨利 不屑这个金钱作贱爱情的罪恶，偏去写这个晦暗镜头中的诗情画意，去赞扬德拉夫妇的聪慧，这绝非常人手笔。所以，作品给人的不是消沉和晦暗，而是对美的追求和眷恋，从而 把读者引向高尚的境界。 从文章的写作特色来看，也给读者留下了不可磨灭的印像。
麦琪的礼物英文版 The Gift of the Magi One dollar and eighty-seven cents. That was all. And sixty cents of it was in pennies. Pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one's cheeks burned with the silent imputation of parsimony that such close dealing implied. Three times Della counted it. One dollar and eighty-seven cents. And the next day would be Christmas. There was clearly nothing to do but flop down on the shabby little couch and howl. So Della did it. Which instigates the moral reflection that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles predominating. While the mistress of the home is gradually subsiding from the first stage to the second, take a look at the home. A furnished flat at $8 per week. It did not exactly beggar description, but it certainly had that word on the lookout for the mendicancy squad. In the vestibule below was a letter-box into which no letter would go, and an electric button from which no mortal finger could coax a ring. Also appertaining thereunto was a card bearing the name "Mr. James Dillingham Young." The "Dillingham" had been flung to the breeze during a former period of prosperity when its possessor was being paid $30 per week. Now, when the income was shrunk to $20, though, they were thinking seriously of contracting to a modest and unassuming D. But whenever Mr. James Dillingham Young came home and reached his flat above he was called "Jim" and greatly hugged by Mrs. James Dillingham Young, already introduced to you as Della. Which is all very good. Della finished her cry and attended to her cheeks with the powder rag. She stood by the window and looked out dully at a gray cat walking a gray fence in a gray backyard. Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. She had been saving every penny she could for months, with this result. Twenty dollars a week doesn't go far. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated. They always are. Only $1.87 to buy a present for Jim. Her Jim. Many a happy hour she had spent planning for something nice for him. Something fine and rare and sterling--something just a little bit near to being worthy of the honor of being owned by Jim. There was a pier-glass between the windows of the room. Perhaps you have seen a pierglass in an $8 flat. A very thin and very agile person may, by observing his reflection in a rapid sequence of longitudinal strips, obtain a fairly accurate conception of his looks. Della, being slender, had mastered the art. Suddenly she whirled from the window and stood before the glass. her eyes were shining brilliantly, but her face had lost its color within twenty seconds. Rapidly she pulled down her hair and let it fall to its full length. Now, there were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which they both took a mighty pride. One was Jim's gold watch that had been his father's and his grandfather's. The other was Della's hair. Had the queen of Sheba lived in the flat across the airshaft, Della would have let her hair hang out the window some day to dry just to depreciate Her Majesty's jewels and gifts. Had King Solomon been the janitor, with all his treasures piled up in the basement, Jim would have pulled out his watch every time he passed, just to see him pluck at his beard from envy.
◆ ◆ 8． ◆ 密★启用前 ◆ 要 ◆ 教师业务考试试卷 ◆ 些同 ◆ ◆ 小学语文 A ． ◆ C ． ◆ ◆ 9． 量： 120 分 分： 100 分 打人 ◆ ◆ 注意事 ： A ． ◆ ◆ 1．答 前， 按要求在答 卡上填写好自己的姓名、所在 位和准考 号。 C ． ◆ 2．答 ，切 答案要填在答 卡上，答在 卷上的答案无效。 10． ◆ ◆ 3．考 束后， 将 卷和答 卡都交 考老 。 去一 ◆ 第Ⅰ卷：选择题（ 50 分） A ． ◆ B ． 线 一、公共知 （ 20 分，每小 2 分。每小 只有一个最符合 意的答案。每小 有一个最符合 ◆ C ． 意的答案， 在答 卡上用 2B 笔将答案填涂，多答、答 或不答 0 分。） ◆ D ． ◆ 1．新一 基 教育 程改革的理 基 包括 ◆ 二、 A ．人本主 理 、多元智能理 、素 教育理 ◆ 11． ◆ B ．人的全面 展理 、多元智能理 、建构主 理 ◆ A 、 ◆ C ．人的全面 展理 、合作学 理 、建构主 理 B 、 ◆ D ．人本主 理 、合作学 理 、素 教育理 ◆ 2．日常教学活 中，教 引 学生做到“ 一反三” 、“触 旁通”、“ 一知十”， 种 象在 C 、 ◆ ◆ 教育心理学上称 D 、 ◆ ◆ A ．迁移 B ．同化 12． 订 C ． D ．模仿 ◆ A 、 3．在教学活 中，教 不能 足于“授人以 ” ，更要做到“授人以 ” 。 明教学中 重 ◆ B 、 ◆ A ． 授学生知 B ． 展学生能力 ◆ C 、 C ．培养学生个性 D ．养成学生品德 ◆ D 、 ◆ 4．小学生在 字的初 段，容易把一些笔画相近或相似的字 ，如把“入口” 成“八口” ， ◆ 13． 明小学生 ◆ ◆ A ．感知能力不成熟 B ．注意能力不健全 ◆ 小、 C ． 能力不深刻 D ．思 能力有欠缺 ◆ 系 ◆ 5．根据学生的身心 展特点，小学、初中、高中不同学段的德育工作有相 的 重点，其中，小 ◆ 学 段的德育重点主要是 ◆ B. 中 装 A ．基本道德知 的理解与掌握 C.我 ◆ B ．日常行 的养成与 践 ◆ D.中 ◆ C ．道德理想信念的培养与指 ◆ D ．人生 价 的 与确立 ◆ 14. ◆ 6． 城 工的 某夫 超 划生育一女孩，今年已 六 ，由于没有准生 ，他 住所附近 A. 小 ◆ 的一所小学及当地教育局拒 接受 孩子入学。学校和教育局的行 背了 ◆ B. 写 ◆ A ．《中 人民共和国教 法》 B ．《中 人民共和国 教育法》 C. ◆ C ．《中 人民共和国 法》 D ．《中 人民共和国 划生育法》 ◆ D. ◆ 7．小敏是班上的学 委 ，学 一直非常努力，成 名列前茅。在一 自 上，她遇到一道数 15、 ◆ 学 算 ，半 去了 没做出来，正着急 ，忽然听到有个同学 “她越来越笨了” 。小敏 ◆ A 、 ◆ 心里咯噔一下，琢磨他是在 自己吧，然后就不断地想自己是不是 笨了。从那以后，小敏很在意 B 、“ ◆ 人 什么，而且 得是在 自己，非常 受，后来朋友跟她开玩笑也耿耿于 。整天被一些无 ◆ C 、《 ◆ 关 要的事占着 子，乱糟糟的， 都快炸了。你 ，小敏同学的心理 是中小学生常 D 、 A ．焦 症 B ．恐惧症 物? C ． 迫症 D ．抑郁症
p T h e G i f t o f t h e M a g i O NE DOLLAR AND EIGHTY-SEVEN CENTS. That was all. She had put it aside, one cent and then another and then another, in her careful buying of meat and other food. Della counted it three times. One dollar and eighty-seven cents. And the next day would be Christmas. There was nothing to do but fall on the bed and cry. So Della did it. While the lady of the home is slowly growing quieter, we can look at the home. Furnished rooms at a cost of $8 a week. There is lit-tle more to say about it. In the hall below was a letter-box too small to hold a letter. There was an electric bell, but it could not make a sound. Also there was a name beside the door: “Mr. James Dillingham Young.”