当前位置:文档之家› 微积分词汇英汉互译[1]

微积分词汇英汉互译[1]

微积分词汇英汉互译[1]
微积分词汇英汉互译[1]

第一部分英汉微积分词汇

Part1 English-Chinese Calculus V ocabulary

第一章函数与极限

Chapter1 Function and Limit

集合set

元素element

子集subset

空集empty set

并集union

交集intersection

差集difference of set

基本集basic set

补集complement set

直积direct product

笛卡儿积Cartesian product

开区间open interval

闭区间closed interval

半开区间half open interval

有限区间finite interval

区间的长度length of an interval

无限区间infinite interval

领域neighborhood

领域的中心centre of a neighborhood

领域的半径radius of a neighborhood

左领域left neighborhood

右领域right neighborhood

映射mapping

X到Y的映射mapping of X ontoY

满射surjection

单射injection

一一映射one-to-one mapping

双射bijection

算子operator

变化transformation

函数function

逆映射inverse mapping

复合映射composite mapping

自变量independent variable

因变量dependent variable

定义域domain

函数值value of function

函数关系function relation

值域range 自然定义域natural domain

单值函数single valued function

多值函数multiple valued function

单值分支one-valued branch

函数图形graph of a function

绝对值函数absolute value

符号函数sigh function

整数部分integral part

阶梯曲线step curve

当且仅当if and only if(iff)

分段函数piecewise function

上界upper bound

下界lower bound

有界boundedness

无界unbounded

函数的单调性monotonicity of a function 单调增加的increasing

单调减少的decreasing

单调函数monotone function

函数的奇偶性parity(odevity) of a function

对称symmetry

偶函数even function

奇函数odd function

函数的周期性periodicity of a function

周期period

反函数inverse function

直接函数direct function

复合函数composite function

中间变量intermediate variable

函数的运算operation of function

基本初等函数basic elementary function

初等函数elementary function

幂函数power function

指数函数exponential function

对数函数logarithmic function

三角函数trigonometric function

反三角函数inverse trigonometric function 常数函数constant function

双曲函数hyperbolic function

双曲正弦hyperbolic sine

双曲余弦hyperbolic cosine

双曲正切hyperbolic tangent

反双曲正弦inverse hyperbolic sine

反双曲余弦inverse hyperbolic cosine

反双曲正切inverse hyperbolic tangent

极限limit

数列sequence of number

收敛convergence

收敛于 a converge to a

发散divergent

极限的唯一性uniqueness of limits

收敛数列的有界性boundedness of a

convergent sequence

子列subsequence

函数的极限limits of functions

函数()

f x当x趋于x0时的极限limit of functions ()

f x as x approaches x0

左极限left limit

右极限right limit

单侧极限one-sided limits

水平渐近线horizontal asymptote

无穷小infinitesimal

无穷大infinity

铅直渐近线vertical asymptote

夹逼准则squeeze rule

单调数列monotonic sequence

高阶无穷小infinitesimal of higher order

低阶无穷小infinitesimal of lower order

同阶无穷小infinitesimal of the same order 等阶无穷小equivalent infinitesimal

函数的连续性continuity of a function

增量increment

函数()

f x在x0连续the function ()

f x is continuous at x0

左连续left continuous

右连续right continuous

区间上的连续函数continuous function

函数()

f x在该区间上连续function ()

f x is continuous on an interval

不连续点discontinuity point

第一类间断点discontinuity point of the first kind

第二类间断点discontinuity point of the second kind

初等函数的连续性continuity of the elementary functions

定义区间defined interval

最大值global maximum value (absolute maximum)

最小值global minimum value (absolute minimum)

零点定理the zero point theorem

介值定理intermediate value theorem

第二章导数与微分

Chapter2 Derivative and Differential

速度velocity

匀速运动uniform motion

平均速度average velocity

瞬时速度instantaneous velocity

圆的切线tangent line of a circle

切线tangent line

切线的斜率slope of the tangent line

位置函数position function

导数derivative

可导derivable

函数的变化率问题problem of the change rate of a function

导函数derived function

左导数left-hand derivative

右导数right-hand derivative

单侧导数one-sided derivatives

()

f x在闭区间【a,b】上可导()

f x is derivable on the closed interval [a,b]

切线方程tangent equation

角速度angular velocity

成本函数cost function

边际成本marginal cost

链式法则chain rule

隐函数implicit function

显函数explicit function

二阶函数second derivative

三阶导数third derivative

高阶导数nth derivative

莱布尼茨公式Leibniz formula

对数求导法log- derivative

参数方程parametric equation

相关变化率correlative change rata

微分differential

可微的differentiable

函数的微分differential of function

自变量的微分differential of independent variable

微商differential quotient

间接测量误差indirect measurement error 绝对误差absolute error

相对误差relative error

第三章微分中值定理与导数的应用Chapter3 MeanValue Theorem of Differentials and the Application of Derivatives

罗马定理Rolle’s theorem

费马引理Fermat’s lemma

拉格朗日中值定理Lagrange’s mean value theorem

驻点stationary point

稳定点stable point

临界点critical point

辅助函数auxiliary function

拉格朗日中值公式Lagrange’s mean value formula

柯西中值定理Cauchy’s mean value theorem

洛必达法则L’Hospital’s Rule

0/0型不定式indeterminate form of type 0/0

不定式indeterminate form

泰勒中值定理Taylor’s mean value theorem

泰勒公式Taylor formula

余项remainder term

拉格朗日余项Lagrange remainder term 麦克劳林公式Maclaurin’s formula

佩亚诺公式Peano remainder term

凹凸性concavity

凹向上的concave upward, cancave up

凹向下的,向上凸的concave downward’concave down

拐点inflection point

函数的极值extremum of function

极大值local(relative) maximum

最大值global(absolute) mximum 极小值local(relative) minimum

最小值global(absolute) minimum

目标函数objective function

曲率curvature

弧微分arc differential

平均曲率average curvature

曲率园circle of curvature

曲率中心center of curvature

曲率半径radius of curvature

渐屈线evolute

渐伸线involute

根的隔离isolation of root

隔离区间isolation interval

切线法tangent line method

第四章不定积分

Chapter4 Indefinite Integrals

原函数primitive function(antiderivative) 积分号sign of integration

被积函数integrand

积分变量integral variable

积分曲线integral curve

积分表table of integrals

换元积分法integration by substitution

分部积分法integration by parts

分部积分公式formula of integration by parts

有理函数rational function

真分式proper fraction

假分式improper fraction

第五章定积分

Chapter5 Definite Integrals

曲边梯形trapezoid with

曲边curve edge

窄矩形narrow rectangle

曲边梯形的面积area of trapezoid with curved edge

积分下限lower limit of integral

积分上限upper limit of integral

积分区间integral interval

分割partition

积分和integral sum

可积integrable

矩形法rectangle method

积分中值定理mean value theorem of

integrals

函数在区间上的平均值average value of a function on an integvals

牛顿-莱布尼茨公式Newton-Leibniz formula

微积分基本公式fundamental formula of calculus

换元公式formula for integration by substitution

递推公式recurrence formula

反常积分improper integral

反常积分发散the improper integral is divergent

反常积分收敛the improper integral is convergent

无穷限的反常积分improper integral on an infinite interval

无界函数的反常积分improper integral of unbounded functions

绝对收敛absolutely convergent

第六章定积分的应用

Chapter6 Applications of the Definite Integrals

元素法the element method

面积元素element of area

平面图形的面积area of a luane figure

直角坐标又称“笛卡儿坐标(Cartesian coordinates)”

极坐标polar coordinates

抛物线parabola

椭圆ellipse

旋转体的面积volume of a solid of rotation

旋转椭球体ellipsoid of revolution, ellipsoid of rotation

曲线的弧长arc length of acurve

可求长的rectifiable

光滑smooth

功work

水压力water pressure

引力gravitation

变力variable force

第七章空间解析几何与向量代数Chapter7 Space Analytic Geometry and Vector Algebra

向量vector

自由向量free vector

单位向量unit vector

零向量zero vector

相等equal

平行parallel

向量的线性运算linear poeration of vector 三角法则triangle rule

平行四边形法则parallelogram rule

交换律commutative law

结合律associative law

负向量negative vector

差difference

分配律distributive law

空间直角坐标系space rectangular coordinates

坐标面coordinate plane

卦限octant

向量的模modulus of vector

向量a与b的夹角angle between vector a and b

方向余弦direction cosine

方向角direction angle

向量在轴上的投影projection of a vector onto an axis

数量积,外积,叉积scalar product,dot product,inner product

曲面方程equation for a surface

球面sphere

旋转曲面surface of revolution

母线generating line

轴axis

圆锥面cone

顶点vertex

旋转单叶双曲面revolution hyperboloids of one sheet

旋转双叶双曲面revolution hyperboloids of two sheets

柱面cylindrical surface ,cylinder

圆柱面cylindrical surface

准线directrix

抛物柱面parabolic cylinder

二次曲面quadric surface

椭圆锥面dlliptic cone

椭球面ellipsoid

单叶双曲面hyperboloid of one sheet

双叶双曲面hyperboloid of two sheets

旋转椭球面ellipsoid of revolution

椭圆抛物面elliptic paraboloid

旋转抛物面paraboloid of revolution

双曲抛物面hyperbolic paraboloid

马鞍面saddle surface

椭圆柱面elliptic cylinder

双曲柱面hyperbolic cylinder

抛物柱面parabolic cylinder

空间曲线space curve

空间曲线的一般方程general form equations of a space curve

空间曲线的参数方程parametric equations of a space curve

螺转线spiral

螺矩pitch

投影柱面projecting cylinder

投影projection

平面的点法式方程pointnorm form eqyation of a plane

法向量normal vector

平面的一般方程general form equation of a plane

两平面的夹角angle between two planes 点到平面的距离distance from a point to a plane

空间直线的一般方程general equation of a line in space

方向向量direction vector

直线的点向式方程pointdirection form equations of a line

方向数direction number

直线的参数方程parametric equations of a line

两直线的夹角angle between two lines

垂直perpendicular

直线与平面的夹角angle between a line and a planes

平面束pencil of planes

平面束的方程equation of a pencil of planes 行列式determinant

系数行列式coefficient determinant

第八章多元函数微分法及其应用Chapter8 Differentiation of Functions of Several Variables and Its Application

一元函数function of one variable

多元函数function of several variables

内点interior point

外点exterior point

边界点frontier point,boundary point

聚点point of accumulation

开集openset

闭集closed set

连通集connected set

开区域open region

闭区域closed region

有界集bounded set

无界集unbounded set

n维空间n-dimentional space

二重极限double limit

多元函数的连续性continuity of function of seveal

连续函数continuous function

不连续点discontinuity point

一致连续uniformly continuous

偏导数partial derivative

对自变量x的偏导数partial derivative with respect to independent variable x

高阶偏导数partial derivative of higher order

二阶偏导数second order partial derivative 混合偏导数hybrid partial derivative

全微分total differential

偏增量oartial increment

偏微分partial differential

全增量total increment

可微分differentiable

必要条件necessary condition

充分条件sufficient condition

叠加原理superpostition principle

全导数total derivative

中间变量intermediate variable

隐函数存在定理theorem of the existence

of implicit function

曲线的切向量tangent vector of a curve

法平面normal plane

向量方程vector equation

向量值函数vector-valued function

切平面tangent plane

法线normal line

方向导数directional derivative

梯度gradient

数量场scalar field

梯度场gradient field

向量场vector field

势场potential field

引力场gravitational field

引力势gravitational potential

曲面在一点的切平面tangent plane to a surface at a point

曲线在一点的法线normal line to a surface at a point

无条件极值unconditional extreme values 条件极值conditional extreme values

拉格朗日乘数法Lagrange multiplier method

拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier

经验公式empirical formula

最小二乘法method of least squares

均方误差mean square error

第九章重积分

Chapter9 Multiple Integrals

二重积分double integral

可加性additivity

累次积分iterated integral

体积元素volume element

三重积分triple integral

直角坐标系中的体积元素volume element in rectangular coordinate system

柱面坐标cylindrical coordinates

柱面坐标系中的体积元素volume element in cylindrical coordinate system

球面坐标spherical coordinates

球面坐标系中的体积元素volume element in spherical coordinate system

反常二重积分improper double integral

曲面的面积area of a surface 质心centre of mass

静矩static moment

密度density

形心centroid

转动惯量moment of inertia

参变量parametric variable

第十章曲线积分与曲面积分

Chapter10 Line(Curve)Integrals and Surface Integrals

对弧长的曲线积分line integrals with respect to arc hength

第一类曲线积分line integrals of the first type

对坐标的曲线积分line integrals with respect to x,y,and z

第二类曲线积分line integrals of the second type

有向曲线弧directed arc

单连通区域simple connected region

复连通区域complex connected region

格林公式Green formula

第一类曲面积分surface integrals of the first type

对面的曲面积分surface integrals with respect to area

有向曲面directed surface

对坐标的曲面积分surface integrals with respect to coordinate elements

第二类曲面积分surface integrals of the second type

有向曲面元element of directed surface

高斯公式gauss formula

拉普拉斯算子Laplace operator

格林第一公式Green’s first formula

通量flux

散度divergence

斯托克斯公式Stokes formula

环流量circulation

旋度rotation,curl

第十一章无穷级数

Chapter11 Infinite Series

一般项general term

部分和partial sum

余项remainder term

等比级数geometric series

几何级数geometric series

公比common ratio

调和级数harmonic series

柯西收敛准则Cauchy convergence criteria, Cauchy criteria for convergence

正项级数series of positive terms

达朗贝尔判别法D’Alembert test

柯西判别法Cauchy test

交错级数alternating series

绝对收敛absolutely convergent

条件收敛conditionally convergent

柯西乘积Cauchy product

函数项级数series of functions

发散点point of divergence

收敛点point of convergence

收敛域convergence domain

和函数sum function

幂级数power series

幂级数的系数coeffcients of power series 阿贝尔定理Abel Theorem

收敛半径radius of convergence

收敛区间interval of convergence

泰勒级数Taylor series

麦克劳林级数Maclaurin series

二项展开式binomial expansion

近似计算approximate calculation

舍入误差round-off error,rounding error

欧拉公式Euler’s formula

魏尔斯特拉丝判别法Weierstrass test

三角级数trigonometric series

振幅amplitude

角频率angular frequency

初相initial phase

矩形波square wave

谐波分析harmonic analysis

直流分量direct component

基波fundamental wave

二次谐波second harmonic

三角函数系trigonometric function system 傅立叶系数Fourier coefficient

傅立叶级数Forrier series

周期延拓periodic prolongation

正弦级数sine series 余弦级数cosine series

奇延拓odd prolongation

偶延拓even prolongation

傅立叶级数的复数形式complex form of Fourier series

第十二章微分方程

Chapter12 Differential Equation

解微分方程solve a dirrerential equation 常微分方程ordinary differential equation 偏微分方程partial differential equation,PDE

微分方程的阶order of a differential equation

微分方程的解solution of a differential equation

微分方程的通解general solution of a differential equation

初始条件initial condition

微分方程的特解particular solution of a differential equation

初值问题initial value problem

微分方程的积分曲线integral curve of a differential equation

可分离变量的微分方程variable separable differential equation

隐式解implicit solution

隐式通解inplicit general solution

衰变系数decay coefficient

衰变decay

齐次方程homogeneous equation

一阶线性方程linear differential equation of first order

非齐次non-homogeneous

齐次线性方程homogeneous linear equation

非齐次线性方程non-homogeneous linear equation

常数变易法method of variation of constant

暂态电流transient stata current

稳态电流steady state current

伯努利方程Bernoulli equation

全微分方程total differential equation

积分因子integrating factor

高阶微分方程differential equation of higher order

悬链线catenary

高阶线性微分方程linera differential equation of higher order

自由振动的微分方程differential equation of free vibration

强迫振动的微分方程differential equation of forced oscillation

串联电路的振荡方程oscillation equation of series circuit

二阶线性微分方程second order linera differential equation

线性相关linearly dependence

线性无关linearly independce

二阶常系数齐次线性微分方程second order homogeneour linear differential equation with constant coefficient

二阶变系数齐次线性微分方程second order homogeneous linear differential equation with variable coefficient

特征方程characteristic equation

无阻尼自由振动的微分方程differential equation of free vibration with zero damping 固有频率natural frequency

简谐振动simple harmonic oscillation,simple harmonic vibration

微分算子differential operator

待定系数法method of undetermined coefficient

共振现象resonance phenomenon

欧拉方程Euler equation

幂级数解法power series solution

数值解法numerial solution

勒让德方程Legendre equation

微分方程组system of differential equations

常系数线性微分方程组system of linera differential equations with constant coefficient

考博英语翻译英汉互译方法汇总

考博英语翻译英汉互译方法汇总 在翻译中,针对词汇空缺现象,在词汇的借用、引用方面通常采取四种形式:音译、直译、改编、意译。 1、音译:人名、地名以及一些表示新概念而本族语里又找不到对成词来表示时,均可采用音译法介绍到译文语言中去,如:[汉译英]磕头(kowtow),荔枝(litchi);[英译汉]、engine(引擎),motor(马达),sofa(沙发),logic (逻辑) 2、直译:papertiger(纸老虎),loseface(丢脸),Seeingisbelieving.(百闻不如一见。)Outofmind,outofsight.(眼不见,心不烦) 3、改编:所谓“改编”指的是音译或直译如意义补充的翻译,在翻译的“改编法”中,译者总是一方面尽可能保持原文语言的特性,另一方面更希望译文含义明朗,使读者一目了然。 比如,汉语的“班门弄斧”这个成语,可译成Thisislikeshowingoffone’sproficiencywiththeaxebeforeLuBanthemast ercarpenter 其中,“鲁班”变成了“LuBanthematercarpenter“否则鲁班究竟是什么人,不知道典故的外国读者就会感到茫然。这类译法在英译中比较常见,如巧克力糖(chocolate),鸦片烟(opium),高尔夫球(golf),来福枪(rifle),尼龙布(nylon)。 4、意译法:填补语言中的词汇、语义空缺,采用“并行法”即意译法是一种常见的有效方法。如果某一语言观象,在译文语言中只的用意义相同的不同语言形式即“并行”的词汇来翻译时,那么就等于说译文语言的形式中存在着一个“空缺”。比如,有许多词以及由这些词代表的思想概念,最先只存在于某种语言中,当把这些词或概念介绍到另一种语言中去时,我们可采取音译,直译法,同时也可采用意译法,而且意译译文可从语音、语法、语义等方面都合乎译文语言的规范,因此最易为读者接受。比如:communism,democracy,和proletariat 等外来词变成“共产主义”“民主”和”无产者”时,可以说最先是意译的结果。同时,由于“共产主义”,“无产者”等完全是按我们汉语的构词规则,用汉语的构词材料构成的。因此,这种意译只不过是属于一种概念的借鉴而已。 2013中科院考博突破秘诀:https://www.doczj.com/doc/b010603530.html,/product/PR000076 2013中科院考博英语复习必备:https://www.doczj.com/doc/b010603530.html,/goods.php?id=2980 2013中科院考博英语真题:https://www.doczj.com/doc/b010603530.html,/goods.php?id=2689 2012中科院考博分数线:https://www.doczj.com/doc/b010603530.html,/201203/kaobo_558210.shtml

英语四级翻译..-热点词汇翻译

专题一中国节日及相关表达 1.春节the Spring Festival / Chinese lunar Near Year 农历正月初一the first day of the first lunar month 农历lunar calendar 年终大扫除year-end household cleaning 春联Spring Festival couplets 年画New Year pictures 剪纸paper-cuts 团圆饭family reunion dinner 饺子dumplings 春晚Spring Festival Gala 守岁stay up late on the New Year’s Eve 除夕Eve of Chinese New Year 辞旧迎新ring out the old year and ring in the new 拜年pay a New Year visit 红包red packets 压岁钱lucky money 放爆竹let off firecrackers 庙会temple fair 禁忌taboo 2.元宵节Lantern Festival 农历正月十五15th day of the first lunar month元宵rice dumplings 花灯festival lantern 灯谜lantern riddle 灯会exhibit of lanterns 烟花fireworks 3.端午节Dragon Boat Festival 农历五月初五5th of the fifth lunar month 粽子traditional Chinese rice-pudding 糯米sticky rice 粽叶bamboo leaves 舞龙dragon dance 舞狮lion dance 踩高跷stilt walking 赛龙舟dragon-boat racing 纪念in memory of 屈原Qu Yuan 诗人poet 忠臣loyal minister 4.清明节Tomb-sweeping Day 寒食节Cold Food Festival 祭拜祖先offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors 踏青go for a spring outing 5.中秋节Mid-Autumn Day / Moon Festival 农历八月十五15th of the eighth lunar month 月饼moon cake 赏月appreciate the glorious full moon 中国神话故事Chinese mythology 嫦娥the goddess of the moon 后羿Houyi

英语翻译重点词汇词组

英语翻译重点词汇词组 fellow countrymen 同胞 militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal (京杭)大运河Industrial Revolution 工业革命dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业Department of Agriculture 农业部门the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲 coastal erosion 水土流失Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候surveyor general 测量总监sovereign nation 主权国家aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场

foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数 per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系 the stock of foreign investment 外资存量 英语翻译重点词汇(2) major economy 经济大国 the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋 vegetable oil 植物油 mineral oil煤油 internal combustion engine内燃机 warfare on land and sea 陆战和海战 minute sea creatures and plants 微小的海洋动植物 crude oil 原油 sedimentary rocks 沉积岩 pitch lake 沥青湖 superhighway 高速公路 living organism 生物体 applied entomology 应用昆虫学 environmental Law环保法 wildlife 野生生物

广告英语翻译常用词语

广告英语翻译常用词汇 产品远销英国、美国、日本、意大利和东南亚,深受消费者欢迎和好评Our products are sold in Britain, America, Japan, Italy and South East Asia and well appreciated by their purchasers. 畅销全球 selling well all over the world 典雅大方 elegant and graceful 定型耐久 durable modeling 方便顾客 making things convenient for customers 方便群众 making things convenient for the people; to suit the peo ple's convenience 方便商品 convenience goods 方便生活 bringing more convenience to the people in their daily life; prov iding amenities for the people; making life easier for the popula tion 各式俱全 wide selection; large assortment

顾客第一 Customers first 顾客是我们的皇帝 We take customers as our Gods. 规格齐全 a complete range of specifications; complete in specific ations 花样繁多 a wide selection of colours and designs 货色齐全 goods of every description are available. 客商第一,信誉第一 clients first, reputation first 款式多样 a great variety of models 款式活泼端庄 vivid and great in style 款式齐全 various styles 款式新颖 attractive designs; fashionable(in) style; novel (in) de sign; up-to-date styling 款式新颖众多 diversified latest designs 美观大方 elegant appearance 美观耐用 attractive and durable 品质优良,疗效显著,誉满全球,欢迎选购 excellent quality, evident effect, good reputation over the world, orders are welcome. 品种多样 numerous in variety 品种繁多 great varieties 品种齐全 complete range of articles; a great variety of goods

如何解决英汉互译中词汇空缺现象

如何解决英汉互译中词汇空缺现象 一、什么是词汇空缺现象 一种语言能用单个词语明确标记的东西,另一种语言却可能要兜圈子才能表达。比如在日常生活中,如果我们不知道七十年代初美国总统Nixon制造的“水门事件”的史实,我们便无从了解Watergate, 现用来泛指类似“水门事件”的丑闻。看来Watergate 由特指“水门事件”到泛指丑闻这一现象为英语所特有,在汉语中则存在着空缺。 如果译者不了解词汇空缺现象,势必会给跨文化交际带来回难,给回译造成障碍。为此,研究有关词汇空缺现象产生的原因是很必要的。 二、词汇空缺现象产生的原因 1、生活环境、生活经验的差异引起了词汇空缺 我们知道,语言常常是客观世界的反映,是一种社会现象。人们生活在什么样的环境里,就会产生什么样的语言。如果某一事物在人们所生活的客观环境里不存在,那么语言就可能出现空缺。 比如:Salad这种凉拌菜源于法国,英国人最先没有这道菜,

语言中也不存在这个词,因此只好从法语中原封不动地“移植”过来,汉语也是如此。 在我国,吃饭问题长期以来都是人们特别关心的问题,因而成了人们经常谈论的话题。人们见面时总爱说:“吃过了吗?”在一般情况下,说话人并不十分关心听话人是不是吃了饭,只是打个招呼罢了。 但如果向英国人问起“吃过了吗?”他首先的反应是“怎么,没吃过你会请我吃?”有时还可能对问话人产生反感,“怎么搞的,一见面就问我吃没吃,没吃又关你什么事?”由于这种文化上的差异,汉语中出现了许多围绕“吃饭”问题所建立的词语和表达法,但在英语中很难找到对应的表达法。 比如我们说“吃闲饭”(lead an idle lefe),“吃香”(be very popular),“吃不消”(more than one can stand, too much)等等,译成英语就无法字字对应了。 所谓生活环境和生活经验问题,还涉及到特定语言文化中的人或物。每一种语言中,都有不少只同使用该语言的人物密切相关的表达法。

中国热门网络词汇英文翻译

1. 山寨copycatting This Chinese term literally refers to the mountain strongholds of bandits. First borrowed to describe rip-off products, it has evolved to refer also to homemade products, such as video parodies of movies. 2. 囧be sunk/sunken This is an ancient Chinese character, pronounced "jiong". It means "light shining through a window". Young Chinese use it to express embarrassment, or a bad mood. Look at the character. Doesn't it look like a disappointed face? 3. 很黄很暴力very pornographic, very violent During a CCTV interview about a new Internet censorship regulation, a girl said that an uncensored Web page once popped up on her computer. She called it "very pornographic, very violent". Some believe the girl was told to say it by CCTV, so it is now used to mock the way the network covers news. 4. 槑nuts Pronounced méi, the word is a variant of the word for "梅". But it also looks like a double version of the character 呆(dai), which means stupid. So netizens have borrowed it to mean "very silly or very stupid". 5. 叉腰肌Psoas muscle Xie Yalong, the former head of the Chinese Football Association , once criticized women players, saying they have weak Psoas muscles. (This is the muscle that links the trunk to the legs; it's important for motion.) However, nobody, including the players, knew where the muscle is. This quote is now used to mock Xie, who was recently removed from his position. 6. 打酱油get some soy sauce When a person in Guangzhou was asked to give his opinion of the sex scandal involving Hong Kong star Edison Chen (Chen Guanxi), the man answered, "It is none of my business. I am just out to get some soy sauce." People have since begun using the words to mean "it's none of my business". 7. 泡良族pick-up artists This expression refers to men who seduce married women. 8. 凤凰男Phoenix man

(完整版)2019英语六级翻译重点词汇

2019英语六级翻译重点词汇 一、经济类 总需求aggregate demand 总供给aggregate supply 企业文化corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司cross-national corporation 创业精神enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济holiday economy 人力资本human capital 航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业electronic industry 汽车制造工业car industry 娱乐业entertainment industry 信息产业information industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业light industry 博彩业lottery industry 制造业manufacturing industry 垄断行业monopoly industries 市场多元化market diversification 市场经济market economy 市场监管market supervision 购买力purchasing power 熊市bear market 牛市bull market 城镇化urbanization 房地产real estate 首付down-payment 业主home owner 个人购房贷款individual housing loan 经济全球化economic globalization 经济特区special economic zones (SEZ) 经济增长economic growth 泡沫经济bubble economy 关税tariff纳税人tax payer 宏观经济macro economy 货币投放量the size of money supply 流动性过剩excess liquidity 经济过热overheated economy

常用专业术语翻译

1.素质教育:Quality Education 2. EQ:分两种,一种为教育商数Educational quotient,另一种情感商数Emotional quotient 3. 保险业:the insurance industry 4. 保证重点指出:ensure funding for priority areas 5. 补发拖欠的养老金:clear up pension payments in arrears 6. 不良贷款:non-performing loan 7. 层层转包和违法分包:mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8. 城乡信用社:credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas 9. 城镇居民最低生活保障:a minimum standard of living for city residents 10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度:the system of medical insurance for urban workers 11. 出口信贷:export credit 12. 贷款质量:loan quality 13. 贷款质量五级分类办法:the five-category assets classification for bank loans 14. 防范和化解金融风险:take precautions against and reduce financial risks 15. 防洪工程:flood-prevention project 16. 非法外汇交易:illegal foreign exchange transaction 17. 非贸易收汇:foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels 18. 非银行金融机构:non-bank financial institutions 19. 费改税:transform administrative fees into taxes 20. 跟踪审计:foolow-up auditing 21. 工程监理制度:the monitoring system for projects 22. 国有资产安全:the safety of state-owned assets 23. 过度开垦:excess reclamation 24. 合同管理制度:the contract system for governing projects 25. 积极的财政政策:pro-active fiscal policy 26. 基本生活费:basic allowance 27. 解除劳动关系:sever labor relation 28. 金融监管责任制:the responsibility system for financial supervision 29. 经济安全:economic security 30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设:to increase the deficit to spend more on development 31. 扩大国内需求:the expansion of domestic demand 32. 拉动经济增长:fuel economic growth 33. 粮食仓库:grain depot 34. 粮食收购企业:grain collection and storage enterprise 35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行:closed operation of grain purchase funds 36. 粮食销售市场:grain sales market 37. 劣质工程:shoddy engineering

英语翻译学习资料(含中英文解释)

例1.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be, rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating(操纵) others . They are aware that there is a difference between being loved and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. 1.dedicate to 把时间,精力用于 2.pretence 虚伪,虚假 6 .1 斤斤于字比句次,措辞生硬 例2.Solitude is an excellent laboratory in which to observe the extent to which manners and habits are conditioned by others. My table manners are atrocious( 丑恶)—in this respect I've slipped back hundreds of years in fact, I have no manners whatsoever(完全,全然). If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up —in other words, whichever is easiest. 孤独是很好的实验室,正好适合观察一个人的举止和习惯在多大程度上受人制约。如今我吃东西的举止十分粗野;这方面一放松就倒退了几百年,实在是一点礼貌也没有。我高兴就用手抓来吃,(eat out of a can)开个罐头端着吃,站着吃;反正怎么省事就怎么吃。 3.Whatsoever 完全,全然 1.Be conditioned by 受……制约 2.Atrocious 丑恶 6 .2 结构松散,表达过于口语化 例3.有一次,在拥挤的车厢门口,我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一位女乘客:“您下车吗?”女乘客没理他。“您下车吗?”他又问了一遍。女乘客还是没理他。他耐不住了,放大声问:“下车吗?”,那女乘客依然没反应。“你是聋子,还是哑巴?”他急了,捅了一下那女乘客,也引起了车厢里的人都往这里看。女乘客这时也急了,瞪起一双眼睛,回手给了男乘客一拳。(庄绎传,英汉翻译教程,1999 :练习 3 ) 译文1:Once at the crowded door of the bus, I heard a man passenger asked politely a woman passenger before him: “Are you getting off?” The woman made no

英语自考本科翻译重点词汇

fellow countrymen 同胞 militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal (京杭)大运河 Industrial Revolution 工业革命 dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的 cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业 Department of Agriculture 农业部门 the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲 coastal erosion 水土流失 Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候 surveyor general 测量总监 sovereign nation 主权国家 aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户 economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场 foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数 per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系 the stock of foreign investment 外资存量 major economy 经济大国 the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋 vegetable oil 植物油 mineral oil煤油 internal combustion engine内燃机

翻译常用词汇

翻译常用词汇 高枕无忧resting without worries 史无前例unprecedented in the history 不可一世a conquering hero 毫不示弱equally firmly 量体裁衣to act according to actual circumstances 一刀两断to cut it clean 与虎谋皮to ask a tiger for its skin 六亲不认to disown all one’s relatives and fri ends 英雄本色the true quality of a hero 英雄所见略同Great minds think alike. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever we think of our dear ones faraway. 上有好,下必有其焉。What the superior loves, his inferiors will be found to love exceedingly.大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物。The Great River flows to the east: Its waves have washed away all the men of untrammeled spirit of a thousand ages. 上兵伐谋,其次伐交。What is supremely important in war is to attack the enemy’s strategy. Next best is to disrupt his alliances. 问君能有几多愁,恰似一江春水向东流。I wonder how many sorrows you have. They are exactly like the Yangtze River unceasingly flowing eastward in spring. 千呼万唤始出来,犹抱琵琶半遮面。Only after a thousand entreaties does she appear. Her face half hidden behind the guitar (pipa) in her arms. 吃得苦中苦,方为人上人。Only if you can stand the hardest of hardships can you hope to rise in society. 是非经过不知难You never know how hard a task is almost until you have done it yourself. 满招损Pride goes before a fall. / Pride spells failure. 适可而止Bind the sack before it be full. 好汉做事好汉当A true man has the courage to accept the consequences of his own actions.知己知彼,百战不殆。To know one’s and the enemy’s situation ensures victory. 牵扯之覆,后车之鉴。The overturned car ahead is a warning to the ones behind. 山雨欲来风满楼The wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains. 是故学然后知不足,教然后之困。Therefore, to learn makes us realize our deficiency, and to teach makes us know the difficulties. 人尽其才、地尽其利、物尽其利、货畅其流。Our human, land and material resources should be used to the best advantage, and our goods should be in good circulation. 父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务,成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务。Parents have the duty to rear and education their children who are minors, and children who have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents. 中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。Citizens of the P eople’s Republic of China have the right as well as the duty of work. 各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities in court proceedings.

100本口笔译教程资料下载汇总

要命的翻译资料哈哈哈哈哈哈100本口笔译教程资料下载汇总(2010.04.07更新)来源:李策Jackie的日志 口译实践推荐书目 翻译实践推荐书目 2010.04.07更新以下: 李运兴--语篇翻译引论(翻译理论与实务丛书) 下载 南开大学出版社_崔永禄_文学翻译佳作对比赏析(英语专业翻译实践与鉴赏教程)下载[翻译教程]西北工业大学出版社--潘能--英汉汉英口译教程下载 [翻译教程]武汉大学出版社--胡刚--新世纪英汉同声传译PDF下载 [翻译教程]陶庆--实用英汉汉英口译教程下载 白靖宇--文化与翻译PDF下载 《英语同声传译教程》(普通高等教育十一五国家级规划教材) MP3迅雷下载 梅德明—新英汉口译实践(成功之路)文本及听力下载 [迅雷下载]商务印书馆:《英诗格律及自由诗》(译者必备) 笔译教程精品推荐: 中国对外翻译出版公司-思果《译道探微》、《翻译新究》和《翻译研究》 钱歌川三本经典译学论著《翻译的技巧》、《英文疑难详解》、《英文疑难详解续》) 上海外语教育出版社--冯庆华《实用翻译教程》 上海外语教育出版社-陈宏薇-新编汉英翻译教程 湖北教育出版社-陈宏薇-新实用汉译英教程 钱歌川:《翻译的技巧》 [南开大学出版社]李学平:通过翻译学英语.pdf 余光中谈翻译(文本+mp3) 外研社-陈德彰英汉翻译入门 [教材]叶子南:高级英汉翻译理论与实践.pdf [上海交通大学出版社]贾卫国:英汉对照描写辞典 复旦大学出版社--耿红敏:实用英汉翻译 [中国人民大学出版社]胡晓吉:实用英汉对比翻译.pdf [中国对外翻译出版公司]贾文波:政治经济汉译英300句析.pdf 中国对外翻译出版:论英汉翻译技巧.pdf (中国对外翻译出版公司)刘重德:西方译论研究.pdf 英汉翻译教程张培基【完整版】 清华大学出版社-居祖纯-汉英语篇翻译 [青岛出版社]方梦之:实用文本汉译英.pdf [教材]魏志成:汉英比较翻译教程练习.pdf 蒋胜翻译教程TranslationbyJiangSheng 李军--常用英语习语翻译与应用 管新平:汉英等效翻译 北京语言出版社-- 达妮卡:口笔译概论 王宏印-英汉翻译综合教程 外语教学与研究-曾诚-实用汉英翻译教程 上海交通大学出版社-毛荣贵-翻译技巧111讲

词汇空缺

好狗和坏狗--谈英汉互译中的词汇空缺现象 什么是词汇空缺现象,一种语言能用单个词语明确标记的东西,另一种语言却可能要兜圈子才能表达。比如在日常生活中,如果我们不知道七十年代初美国总统Nixon制造的“水门事件”的史实,我们便无从了解Watergate, 现用来泛指类似”水门事件”的丑闻。看来Watergate 由特指“水门事件”到泛指丑闻这一现象为英语所特有,在汉语中则存在着空缺。 如果译者不了解词汇空缺现象,势必会给跨文化交际带来回难,给回译造成障碍。为此,研究有关词汇空缺现象产生的原因是很必要的。词汇空缺现象产生的原因 1. 生活环境、生活经验的差异引起了词汇空缺。 我们知道,语言常常是客观世界的反映,是一种社会现象。人们生活在什么样的环境里,就“会产生什么样的语言。如果某一事物在人们所生活的客观环境里不存在,那么语言就可能出现空峡。 比如:Salad这种凉拌菜源于法国,英国人最先没有这道菜,语言中也不存在这个同,因此只好从法语中原封不动地“移植”过来,汉语也是如此。 在我国,吃饭问题长期以来都是人们特别关心的问题,因而成了人们经常谈论的话题。人们见面时总爱说:“吃过了吗?”在一般情况下,说话人并不十分关心听话人是不是吃了饭,只是打个招呼罢了。但如果向英国人问起“吃过了吗?”他首先的反应是“怎么,没吃过你会请我吃?”有时还可能对问话人产生反感,“怎么搞的,一见面就问我吃没吃,设吃又关你什么事?”由于这种文化上的差异,汉语中出现了许多围绕”吃饭”问题所建立的词语和表达法,但在英语中很难找到对应的表达法。 比如我们说“吃闲饭”(lead an idle lefe),“吃香”(be very popular),“吃不消”(more than one can stand, too much)等等,译成英语就无法字字对应了。 所谓生活环境和生活经验问题,还涉及到特定语言文化中的人或物。每一种语言中,都有不少只同使用该语言的人物密切相关的表达法。比如,汉语中有“盘古开天地”之说,其中“盘古”为中国传说中人物,该名字所具有的含义是一种独一无二的幻象。只存在于中国的语言文化中。同样,作为西方文化源泉的《圣经》也为西方所独有,而且《圣经》中的人物Cain(该隐)现已引申为“骨肉相残”,为世人所接受,所有这些都已成为欧美人的文化邀产。对中国人来说,这些都是欧美文化的个性,与中国文化互不相融。在翻译此类作品时,译者往往要借助文中补充说明或加注解的方法,才能把原意解释清楚。 比如,如果把“东施效颦”简单地译成"Dongshi imitates Xishi,"原文的含义就没译出来。东施是谁,西施又是什么样子,只有中国读者理解。如果译文读者也明白“东施效颦”指的是“The ugly imitates the beautiful in such a distorted way that the ugliness of the ugly becomes wor se”,那么就得对译文进行解释性加工。 2.由于风俗习惯的不同,各语言之间常出现相对的词汇空缺现象。 中国人把娶媳妇、贺生日称为“红喜”,把老人过世称为“白喜”。对于没有接触过我国文化的欧美人来说,把要熄妇说成”红喜”并不费解,英语就把喜庆问称为“red-letter day”。但把上年纪人的去世也当成一大“喜事”,这就令他们奇怪了。因此,与欧美文化相比,把死人称作“白喜”是我国文化的个性。 3.由于宗教信仰不同而引起的词汇空缺现象。 欧美人多信奉基督教,认为世界是上帝创造的,世上一切安排也都是上帝的旨意,且基督教在欧美历史上曾一度占统治地位,教会的势力往往凌驾于国王,君主之上。而在中国,人们心目中只有“开天辟地”的盘古和”主宰自然界”的“老天爷”。上帝和老天爷所代表的东西截然不同,含义也不大一样。尤其是“上帝”这个概念,具有较浓的基督彼色彩,是欧美文化的个性。再如,汉语和英语中都有“龙”的字眼,但“龙”在英语文化中是没有“地位”的爬行动物,是令人们恶的象征,在汉语中则恰恰相反。在我国古代,“龙”就是皇帝的象征,后来又引申为珍异、高贵的象征,语言中也就相应出现了“龙颜”,“望子成龙”,“乘龙快婿”,“龙凤皇祥”等褒义表达法。从这种意义上说,“龙”是我国文化的“特产”,是一种文化个性。 4.人们对客观世界认识的不同也会使语言产生词汇空缺现象 同一客观事物,在不同文化里可以包含不同的价值,引起不同的联想,具有不同内涵。如汉语和英语中“狗”的含义就大不一样。在西方,狗是忠诚的伴侣动物;但在我国,人们通常对狗有种厌恶的心理。中西方人对狗所持的不同态度,自然而然也在各自的语言中反映出来。 (一)汉语表示法狗腿子(lackey),狗崽子(son of bitch),狗急跳墙(a cornered beast will do sth. desperate),狗嘴吐不出象牙(a filthy mouth can't utter decent language)。 (二)英语表示法love me,love my dog.(爱屋及乌).top dog(最重要的人物),lucky dog (幸运儿),dog-tired(筋疲力竭),to lead a dog's life(过着牛马不如的生活)。 从以上汉英表示法来看,我们发现二者在语义上很不相同。在英语中,虽然“dog”间或含贬义,如”this/that dirty dog”(这/那个狗东西),“They say English is going to dogs”(人们说英语糟糕得快完蛋了)。但一般说来,这个词或含有这个词的各种说法大都含褒义。或是含

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档