庄绎传《英汉翻译教程（自考版）》每课重点词汇
Lesson 1
1. fellow countrymen 同胞
2. average height 中等身材
3. gleaming eyes 闪光的眼睛
4. in his middle twenties 二十多岁
5. to be seated 招呼坐下
6. stand squarely 端端正正地站着
7. more than ten years his junior 比他年轻十几岁
8. revolutionary road 革命道路
9. Chinese communist Party 中国共产党
10. full member 正式成员
11. membership 党籍
12. keep a secret 保密
Lesson 2
1. immeasurable contrast 迥然不同
2. to and fro 走来走去
3. upturn face 仰着脸
4. sweet spring 芬芳的春天
5. anger and bitterness 又气愤又苦恼
6. dense fog 大雾
7. tense and anxious 紧张而焦急
8. 五一的下午on the afternoon of May 1st
9. 无言的呼唤wordless cry
10. 探测绳sounding-line
Lesson 3
1. 各种流派的different schools
2. 前两天a few days ago
3. 受限制be restricted/be subjected to
4. 传统观念traditional thinking
5. 不合理的制度irrational system
6. 最高境界the highest state
7. 浓妆艳抹heavy make up
8. 主人公chief character/principal character
9. 花言巧语flowery language
10. 社会进步和人性发展social progress and human development Lesson 4
1. 工业革命Industrial Revolution
2. 多功能的机器multi-purpose machine
3. 出于自愿和兴趣on one’s own account, out of interest
4. 新兴城市the rising town
5. 大胆的举止in a bolder manner
6. 实干家practical man
7. 交通动脉arteries of communication
8. in the air 传说中，酝酿中
9. source of power 能源
10. outstanding feature 突出特点
Lesson 5
1. 极西地带far west
2. 山区mountainous regions
3. 永久定居permanent settlement
4. 为…打下基础lay foundations for
5. 专门从事devote exclusively to
6. 合法手续legal title
7. establish communities 建立村镇
8. stock-raising 养殖畜牧业
9. open public domain 开放的公共地带
10. regular event 常事
11. high plains 高原
12. criss-crossed 纵横交错
Lesson 6
1. 新民主主义new democracy
2. 五四运动the May 4th Movement
3. 辛亥革命the Revolution of 1911
4. 革命知识分子revolutionary intellectuals
5. 帝国主义imperialist
6. 无产阶级proletariat
7. 在…的号召下at the call of
8. 小资产阶级知识分子petty-bourgeois intellectuals
9. 统一战线的革命运动the revolutionary movement of a united front
10. 平民文学literature for the common people
11. 北伐战争the Northern Expedition
12. 右翼the right wing
1. life-giving 赋予生命
2. everlastingly 无穷无尽的
3. the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲
4. freshly harvested 刚割的
5. Mediterranean 地中海
6. the Pyramids 金字塔
7. negative effects 不良的后果
8. a ghost town 鬼城；被遗弃的荒芜的城镇
9. brightly painted 颜色鲜艳的
10. member of a team 队员
11. 河流入海口the mouth of the river
12. 水坝发电power generated by the dam
Lesson 8
1. Mt. Lofty Ranges 洛夫蒂岭山
2. average annual rainfall 平均年降雨量
3. surveyor general 测量总监
4. business district 商业区
5. residential section 住宅区
6. municipal government 自治政府
7. lord mayoralty 市长的职位
8. mineral deposit 矿藏
9. marketing centre 贸易中心
10. automobile components 汽车部件
11. 地中海型气候Mediterranean climate
12. 文艺节Festival of Arts
Lesson 9
1. Palace Museum 故宫博物院
2. walled courtyard 带围墙的院子
3. watchtower 更楼
4. complete group o f ancient buildings 完整的古代建筑群
5. ravages of time 时间的摧残
6. ancient Chinese architecture古代中国建筑
7. historical sites 历史遗址
8. cobbled roadway 鹅卵石路
9. Golden Water Bridge 金水桥
10. typical masterpiece 具有代表意义的杰作1. global economy 全球性的经济
2. sovereign nation 主权国家
3. mutual prosperity 共同繁荣
4. sum total 总数，总额
5. foreign investment 外国投资
6. per capita GNP 人均国民生产总值
7. 沿海地区coastal areas
8. 平均率average rate
9. 电力生产electrical production
10. 双边贸易two way trade
11. 外汇foreign exchange
12. 生活水平standard of living
Lesson 11
1. marine insurance 海事保险
2. flows of capital资本流动
3. foreign exchange dealing 外汇交易
4. outward investor 对外投资者
5. Pacific region 太平洋地区
6. the right climate for 良好的环境
7. vast size and resources 地大物博
8. to take a real interest in sth. 密切关注某事
9. coastal city 沿海城市
10. international community 国际社会
11. entrepreneurial spirit 进取精神
12. 对外开放政策the policy of opening to the outside world
13. 世界投资体系world investment system
14. 经济改革economic reforms
Lesson 12
1. 基本方针basic principle
2. 自给自足self-sufficiency
3. 客观有利因素favorable objective factors
4. 生产条件production condition
5. 耕地cultivated land
6. 中、低产田medium-and-low-yield land
7. 灌溉面积irrigated areas
8. 宜农荒地arable land
9. 复种指数multiple crop index
10. 水利工程water-control projects
11. 单位面积产量the yield per unit area
12. 粮食总产量目标total grain output target
1. agonizing flashback 痛苦的回忆
2. come and go 霎时即去
3. property damage 财产损失
4. monotonous 单调的，枯燥的
5. flash-flooding 暴雨成灾
6. to imprint on one’s mind 印在某人的脑海里
7. scare tactic 吓唬人的办法
8. power of nature 大自然的力量
9. river bed 河床
10. to give sth. much thought 仔细想某事
11. 无情的relentless
12. 雨季rainy season
Lesson 14
1. maternal grandfather 外祖父
2. the flower of one’s youth 风华正茂
3. popular science 科普读物
4. undue absorption in the past 过分地怀念过去
5. sucking vigor 汲取力量
6. live one’s own life 独立生活
7. the founder of Girton College 戈登学院的创办人
8. clinging to youth 与年轻人呆在一起
9. 过去的好时光the good old days
10. 高等教育higher education
Lesson 15
1. 旧梦重温going through old dreams
2. 儿童出版社Children press
3. 散文集collection of essays
4. 丝绸之路the Silk Road
5. 历史古迹the historic sites
6. 大英博物馆the British Museum
7. 简单的早餐simple breakfast
8. 花坛flower bad
9. 斗兽场arena
10. 教皇Pope 1. market-day 赶集的日子
2.Sir John约翰爵士
3.the renowned knight 著名的武士
4.county history郡志
5. lineal representative of the ancient family 古老世家的嫡派子孙
Lesson 17
1. drug store 杂货店
2. meticulously dressed 精心打扮，穿着讲究，一点不马虎
3. tentative and uncertain manner 试探和踌躇的举止
4.sb.’s face suddenly brighten 某人的脸上突然露出喜色
Lesson 18
1. 初冬early winter
2. 做中间人的；做中人的the go-between
3. 月白色的pale green
4. 祥林嫂Xianglin’s wife
5. 试工期trial period
6. 严厉的婆婆strict mother-in-law
7. 打柴cut wood
8. 熬夜to sit up
9. 福礼sacrificial meat
10.不惜力气not sparing oneself
Lesson 19
1. a narrow swale 狭长的洼地
2. the birth and death of the day 每一天的诞生和死亡
3. the range of mountain 山脉
4. mind and twist 蜿蜒
5. a kind of invitation 殷勤邀请
6. a beloved mother 亲爱的母亲
7. dread of畏惧
8. canyon峡谷
9. sand bank 沙案
10. part-time river 季节性河流
1. a far cry from 完全不同
2. self-assurance 自信
3. sober-faced 沉静的；镇静的
4. odd-shaped 怪样子的
5. well-mannered silence 规规矩矩，一声不响
6. sailor suit 水手服
7. the ice was broken 打破了僵局
8. in unison 齐声；一致
9. stare at sb. 凝视某人
10. all of a sudden 突然
11. resonant voice 洪亮的声音
Lesson 21
1. 拉家带口be saddled with big family
2. 拉排字车pull a hand cart
3. 腊月二十三the twenty-third of the twelfth lunar month
4. 前台front stage
5. 小买卖人a peddler
6. 养家to support the family
7. 喊嗓子to practice singing
8. 零工odd jobs
9. 排队queue up
10. 落汤鸡a drowned rat
11. it rains cats and dogs 瓢泼大雨
12. no show, no pay 不响锣，不给钱Lesson 22
1. mineral oil 矿物油
2. onboard ship 在船上
3. on shore 在岸上
4. at chemist’s 在药店
5. internal combustion engine 内燃机
6. carriage drawn by the horse 马车
7. be superior to 优于；好于
8. in this respect 在这方面
9. a thin file of oil 薄薄的一层油
10. oil-burning lamp 油灯1. superhighway 高速公路
2. applied entomology 应用昆虫学
3. living organisms 生物体
4. an insect-free world 无昆虫的世界
5. now and again 有时
6. right to know 知情权
7. science of biotic controls 生物控制学
8. turn one’s back on 拒绝；冷眼相看
9. entomologist 昆虫学家
10. geneticist 遗传学家
Lesson 24
1. 自然资源natural resources
2. 人均per capita
3. 淡水资源freshwater resources
4. 长期的long-term
5. 国民经济national economy
6. 战略任务strategic task
7. 大陆架continental shelves
8. 专属经济区遣exclusive economic zones
9. 海洋生物sea creature
10. 低纬度low latitude
11. 沉积盆地sedimentation basin
12. 海洋旅游业marine tourism
Lesson 25
1. environmental law 环保法
2. noise pollution 噪声污染
3. public concerns 公众关注
4. industrial pollutions 工业污染
5. federal law 联邦法
6. vaguely worded 措辞含糊
7. court of appeals 上诉法院
8. to grant a license 颁发许可证
9. natural beauty 自然美
10. Federal power Commission 联邦电力委员会
Lesson 26
1. The Contracting States 成员国；缔约国
2. copyright 版权
3. universal convention 世界公约
4. international understanding 国际间的了解
5. domestic legislation 国内立法
6. as follows如下
7. unpublished works 未出版的作品
8. works of the human mind 人类精神产品Lesson 27
1. 中外合资经营企业Chinese -Foreign Equity Joint Venture
2. 经济合作economic cooperation
3. 技术交流technological exchange
4. 平等互利的原则principle of equality and mutual benefit
5. 公共利益public interest
6. 有限责任公司a limited liability company
7. 注册资本. Registered capital
8. 工业产权industrial property rights
9. 先进技术advanced technology
10. 董事会board of directors
11. 总会计师treasurer
12. 审计师auditor
13. 储备基金reserve fund
14. 外汇账户foreign exchange account Lesson 28
1. toast 祝酒词
2. common ground 共同点
3. differences 分歧
4. magnificent dinner 盛大晚宴5．Compromise 妥协；让步6．Welcoming banquet 欢迎宴会7．Telecommunicate 电讯
8．Prime minister 总理
Lesson 29
1. full diplomatic relations 正式外交关系
2. the Long March 长征
3. the policies of reform and opening to the outside world 改革和对外开放政策
4. Sino-American relationship 中美关系
5. historically significant experiment 具有历史意义的尝试
6. developing country 发展中国家7．Developed country 发达国家8．International affairs 国际事务9．Scientific exchange 科学交流10．National security policy 国家安全政策Lesson 30
1. 金秋时节golden fall
2. 学术交流academic exchange
3. 加强合作to promote cooperation
4. 历史文化传统historical and cultural traditions
5. 深刻的影响a profound impact
6. 生化方式way of life
7. 民族团结ethnic harmony; ethnic solidarity
8. 区域自治regional autonomy
9. 民族精神national spirit
10. 周边环境neighboring environment
11. 和平共处peaceful coexistence
12.互相尊重mutual respect
13.平等互利equality and mutual benefit
14.互不干涉内政non-interference
15.振兴中华rejuvenation of China
英汉翻译教程 一、课程介绍 《英汉翻译教程》是全国高等教育自学考试英语专业本科阶段的一门必考课程。英汉翻译包括英译汉和汉译英，是一门实践性很强的课程。本课程除简单介绍中外翻 译理论知识外，主要是通过对照阅读，引导应考者研究英汉两种语言的差异，找出英汉互 译的规律，用以指导实践。 本课程与英语专业其他课程相辅相成。它作为一门实践课，有赖于英语专业其他课程 为应考者打下良好的英语基础，使应考者掌握一定的词汇量和语法知识，初步达到阅读英 文原著的水平，并有有定的写作能力，因而具备从事英汉翻译的条件。另一方面，通过大 量的翻译实践和语言对比研究，应考者可以进一步认识英汉两种语言各自的特点。例如， 汉语多重复实词，主谓搭配较松多用并列结构；英语英多用代称，主谓搭配较紧，多用主 从结构，等等。这是本课程的重点。但在翻译时，往往因受原文的影响，从容易忽略在译 中体现上述特点。这也就是本课程难学之处。但通常学习本课程，了解了英汉两种语言各 自的特点，并能在翻译实践中恰当地加以运用，定会提高使用两种语言的能力和翻译水平。 这对于应考者打好英语基础，学好英语专业其他课程，也是有益的。 本课程采取单元教学，共分十个单元。单元中每课有对照阅读和练习，并附有提示和解说。每单元有一小结，重点说明通过语言对比可以看出的英汉两种语言各自的特点。 二、学习要求 1. 熟悉英汉两种语言各自的特点； 2. 能将中等难度的英语文章译成汉语，内容准确、内容流畅； 3. 能将比较简易的汉语文章译英语，用词得当，语法平稳。三、试题类型： 第一题：选择题（30分）。 80%来自于课本中每单元后的小结，非常重要， 一定要看。 考点：看似简单的句子的翻译、俚语的翻译、翻译常识等。 第二题：短语翻译：英译汉、汉译英。后面我们给的补充材料中，会包括 80%的题。 第三题：改错题：英译汉、汉译英改错。 第四题： 段落翻译 四、课程内容概要： 第一单元 故事 1．故事选篇。其特点是：以第一人称或第三人称讲述自己或别人的经历。情节具体， 文笔细腻生动。2.语言对比： （1）代词。英语代词用得多，汉语实词用得多。英语可先出代词，后出实词。汉语则先出实词，后出代词。 、管路敷设技术通过管线不仅可以解决吊顶层配置不规范高中资料试卷问题，而且可保障各类管路习题到位。在管路敷设过程中，要加强看护关于管路高中资料试卷连接管口处理高中资料试卷弯扁度固定盒位置保护层防腐跨接地线弯曲半径标高等，要求技术交底。管线敷设技术包含线槽、管架等多项方式，为解决高中语文电气课件中管壁薄、接口不严等问题，合理利用管线敷设技术。线缆敷设原则：在分线盒处，当不同电压回路交叉时，应采用金属隔板进行隔开处理；同一线槽内，强电回路须同时切断习题电源，线缆敷设完毕，要进行检查和检测处理。、电气课件中调试对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行 高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料试卷相互作用与相互关系，根据生产工艺高中资料试卷要求，对电气设备进行空载与带负荷下高中资料试卷调控试验；对设备进行调整使其在正常工况下与过度工作下都可以正常工作；对于继电保护进行整核对定值，审核与校对图纸，编写复杂设备与装置高中资料试卷调试方案，编写重要设备高中资料试卷试验方案以及系统启动方案；对整套启动过程中高中资料试卷电气设备进行调试工作并且进行过关运行高中资料试卷技术指导。对于调试过程中高中资料试卷技术问题，作为调试人员，需要在事前掌握图纸资料、设备制造厂家出具高中资料试卷试验报告与相关技术资料，并且了解现场设备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。 、电气设备调试高中资料试卷技术电力保护装置调试技术，电力保护高中资料试卷配置技术是指机组在进行继电保护高中资料试卷总体配置时，需要在最大限度内来确保机组高中资料试卷安全，并且尽可能地缩小故障高中资料试卷破坏范围，或者对某些异常高中资料试卷工况进行自动处理，尤其要避免错误高中资料试卷保护装置动作，并且拒绝动作，来避免不必要高中资料试卷突然停机。因此，电力高中资料试卷保护装置调试技术，要求电力保护装置做到准确灵活。对于差动保护装置高中资料试卷调试技术是指发电机一变压器组在发生内部故障时，需要进行外部电源高中资料试卷切除从而采用高中资料试卷主要保护装置。
汉英翻译教程
第一章 汉英语言对比 相关参考： 翻译教学和研究的经验表明：翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析基础上。英汉互译的几项基本原则和技巧，如选词（Diction）、转换（Conversion）、增补（Amplification）、省略（Omission）、重复（Repetition）、替代（Substitution）、变换（Variation）、倒臵（Inversion）、拆离（Division）、缀合（Combination）、阐释（Annotation）、浓缩（Condensation）、重组（Reconstruction），以及时态、语态、语气、习语、术语等的译法，都集中地体现了英汉的不同特点。机器翻译是让计算机按照人们所制定的程序和指令进行不同语言的对比转换，也离不开对比分析。翻译之所以困难，归根结底是因为语言差异和文化差异。因此，对比、分析和归纳这些差异，便是翻译学的重要任务。 不同语言的对比分析不仅有利于教学和翻译，也有助于语言交际。通过对比分析，人们可以进一步认识外语和母语的特性，在进行交际时，能够有意识地注意不同语言各自的表现方法，以顺应这些差异，防止表达错误，避免运用失当，从而达到交际的目的。 ——连淑能，《英汉对比研究》 纪德是最理解莎士比亚的法国作家之一。在他看来，“没有任何作家比莎士比亚更值得翻译”，但同时，“也没有任何作家比他更难翻译，译文更容易走样”。纪德对莎士比亚的理解是双重的，既是精神的，也是语言的。他在与莎士比亚的相遇与相识中，经历了一系列的考验。对他在翻译中经历的这番历史奇遇，他曾在为七星文库出版的《莎士比亚戏剧集》撰写的前言中作了详尽的描述：描述了两种文化与两种语言之间的遭遇，也揭示了翻译中译者所面临的种种障碍。 纪德首先看到的，是语言与文化层面的逻辑性，这涉及到不同语言的思维方法。他说：“莎士比亚很少考虑逻辑性，而我们拉丁文化缺了逻辑性就踉踉跄跄。莎士比亚笔下的形象相互重现，相互推倒。面对如此丰富的形象，我们可怜的译者目瞪口呆。他不愿意对这种绚丽多彩有丝毫遗漏，因此不得不将英文原本中用仅仅一个词表示的暗喻译成一个句子。原来像蛇一样紧紧盘成一团的诗意，如今成了松开的弹簧。翻译成了解释。逻辑倒是很满意，但魅力不再起作用。莎士比亚的诗句飞跃而过的空间，迟缓的熊虫一瘸一拐才能走完。”在紧密的逻辑与丰富的形象之间，英语与法语的天平有所侧重，在两者的遭遇中，译者的无奈与局限源于文化与语言的巨大差异。 头脑清醒的纪德没有丝毫责备英语或莎士比亚的语言的意思，相反，在翻译莎士比亚的戏剧中，他充分意识到了母语的缺陷。他说：“只有在接触外语时，我们才意识到本国语言的缺陷，因此，只会法语的法国人是看不到缺陷的。”他的这一观点与德国作家歌德的观点几乎是一致的。异之于我，可作一明镜，从异中更清楚地照清自身。在这个意义上，与异语文化的接触，有助于认识母语与母语文化的不足。看清了自身的不足，便有可能从异语异文化中去摄取营养，弥补自身，丰富自身。 在艰难的翻译中，纪德亲历了种种障碍，他结合翻译中的具体例证，作了某
汉英翻译基础教程 第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2) 第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4) 第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9) 第四章动词的翻译 (11) 第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12) 第六章成语的英译 (13) 第七章修辞格的翻译 (17) 笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19) 第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20) 第十章换序和转态译法 (23) 笫十一章断句合句译法 (25) 笫十二章长句的翻译 (27) 第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29) 第十五章风格与翻译 (30) 第十六章语用与翻译 (32)
第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配 1． a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now 第二节翻译中的选词 一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。 1. That depends upon circumstances.
2011年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语翻译试题 I. Multiple Choice (30 points, 2 points each) A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best translation of the original statement in terms of meaning and expressiveness. (Please write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.) 1. A nations greatest wealth is the industry of its people. A.一个国家最大的财富就是民族工业。 B.一个国家最大的财富就是人民的勤劳。 C.一个民族最大的财富就是人民的工业。 D.一个民族最大的财富就是民众的兴旺。 2. Scientists are confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. A.科学家们确实知道煤是怎样形成的，但要是问他们石油是怎样形成的，他们似乎就不那么有把握了。 B.科学家们对煤的形成非常有信心，但是当被问到石油的形成时，他们好像没有那么确信。 C.科学家们对煤的形成非常有信心，但是当被问到石油是怎样形成的，似乎就不那么确信了。 D.科学家们确实知道煤的形成，但要是问他们石油的形成时，似乎就不那么有把握了。 3. I wasnt their enemy, in fact or in feeling. I was their ally. A.在事实上或感情上，我不是他们的敌人。我是他们的盟友。 B.我不是他们的敌人，在事实上或感情上。我是他们的盟友。 C.我不是他们的敌人，在事实上或者在感情上，而是他们的盟友。
自考英汉翻译模拟试题 第一部分选择题 PART ONE I ．Multiple Choice Questions(20 points，2 points for each) A ．Directions ：This part consists of five sentences，each followed by four different translations labeled A、B 、C and D．Choose the one that is the most equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness． 1．While doctors can not prove with absolute certainty that smoking causes cancer，a lot of facts show a very strong link between them． ( ) A ．当医生还不能确切证明吸烟致癌的时候，大量事实表明了二者之间确实联系紧密。 B ．尽管医生们无法确切证明吸烟致癌，大量事实表明二者之间确实联系紧密。 C ．尽管医生们无法证明吸烟绝对能够导致癌症，大量事实表明二者之间确实联系紧密。 D ．当医生们还不能证明吸烟绝对能够导致癌症的时候，大量事实表明了二者之间确 实联系紧密。 2．Each of the dreams to be fulfilled is a push for me to advance． ( ) A ．每个梦都要履行，这是我前进的动力。 B ．每个梦都要完成，这是我前进的动力。 C ．一个个要履行的梦想是我前进的动力。 D ．一个个未完成的梦想是我前进的动力。 3．他在国内旅游过的地方，除了井冈山以外，都是我没有到过的! ( ) A ．In China，he has been to many places which I have never visited，with the exception of the Jinggang Mountains． B ．In China，he has been to many places where I have never visited，with the exception of Jinggang Mountains． C ．In China，he has visited many places which I have never been，except for the Jinggang Mountains ．
自考英汉翻译教程词汇整理
Unit 1 lesson 1 1. fellow countrymen 同胞 2. average height 中等身材 3. gleaming eyes 闪光的眼睛 4. in his middle twenties 二十多岁 5. to be seated 招呼坐下 6. stand squarely 端正正地站着 7. more than ten years his junior 比她年轻十几岁 8. revolutionary road 革命道路 9. Chinese communist Party中共 10. full member 正式成员 11. membership 党籍 12. keep a secret 保密 Lesson 2 1. immeasurable contrast 迥然不同 2. to and fro 走来走去 3. upturn face 仰着脸 4. sweet spring 芬芳的春天 5. anger and bitterness 又气愤又苦恼 6. dense fog 大雾 7. tense and anxious 紧张而焦急
8. 五一的下午on the afternoon of May 1st 9. 无言的呼唤wordless cry 10. 探测绳sounding-line Lesson 3 1. 各种流派的different schools 2. 前两天a few days ago 3. 受限制be restricted/be subjected to 4. 传统观念traditional thinking 5. 不合理的制度irrational system 6. 最高境界the highest state 7. 浓妆艳抹heavy make up 8主人公chief character/principal character 9. 花言巧语flowery language 10.社会进步人性发展social progress and human development Unit 2 Lesson 4 1. 工业革命Industrial Revolution 2. 多功能的机器multi-purpose machine 3. 出于自愿和兴趣on one’s own account, out of interest 4. 新兴城市the rising town
Chapter one 2012-3-27 ?翻译可分为口译interpretation和笔译translation。 ?Interpretation can be divided into two types: one is consecutive interpretation, another is simultaneous interpretation. ?翻译三原则（George Washington Campbell，Alexander Fraser Tytler） 1.原作的意义、意思 2.原作的思想、精神 3.流畅、通顺 ?翻译方法1.直译literal translation 2.意译free translation 3.音译transliteration ?山雨欲来风满楼The coming events cast their shadows before. 才学最差，叫喊最多The worst wheel of a cart creaks most. 与……狼狈为奸hand in glove with… 乱七八糟at sixes and sevens 千载难逢once in a blue moon 路必有弯，势必有转机It is a long lane that has no turning. 家丑不可外扬It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest. ?The main principles of TRANSLITERA TION 1.准确读音 2.正确拼写姓名拼写中姓与名要空一格首字母要大写eg. Pu Songling 地名拼写中首字母大写不空格eg. Fujian Guangdong Xi’an 一般来说除地名人名之外其他专有名词英译时首字母要大写如汉Han; 一般名词要小写 3.弄清词源有些词需要追溯到最初发音以利于音译eg.菩萨Bodhisattva 4.约定俗成eg. 孙中山Sun Y at-sen 宋庆龄Soong Ching Ling 陈嘉庚Tan Kah Kee 5.准确回译eg. 纽约New Y ork 6.缩略语复原eg. 闽Fujian 武大Wuhan University Chapter two 2012-3-28 ?The classification of CULTURE 1.物质文化material culture 2.制度文化institutional culture 3.心理文化mental culture ?中英思维方式对比 1.中国人注重伦理，英美人注重认知 2.中国人注重整体、偏重综合性思维；英美人注重个体、偏重分析性思维 3.中国人重直觉，英美人重实证 4.中国人重形象思维，英美人重逻辑思维 Chapter three 2012-3-31 ?词语的指称意义与蕴含意义的对比 1.指称意义是词语在交际过程中所表达的字面的最基本的意义，相当于一种约定俗 成的认知 2.蕴含意义的理解与表达eg:His wife was unfaithful to him, and he became a cuckold. 他老婆红杏出墙，给他戴了顶绿帽子。此处注意红和绿。?词语英译与语言语境 1.根据语言语境确定原文词义：“醉心于……”be engrossed in褒be infatuated with 贬 2.根据语言环境选择译文用词：①Mum gave a book as my birthday present .
翻译理论与实践课作业 天津科技大学外语学院 作业一：字词的翻译 一、词的理解 1.一词多义： wet She had a wet nurse for the infant Elliot. If you think I am for him, you are all wet. She wet her pants at the news. State state and revolution, state of the union the united states. 3.词义引申：抽象化、具体化 Every life has its roses and thorns. She stood there chewing over the strange thing. The engine sounds good. At 23, he had first learned what it is to be a Negro. 4.词的褒贬：comment Alice was excited as a child, delighted to be once more the center of the comment. But what a comment, she could not help reflecting, on her own charms. He walked around the room. He then stopped and looked around, “comment” ? 5.词的轻重：看词类、看场合、看句型、看习惯等等。Through；free He slept the night through. There is a through train to Beijing. Through this way, they finished the task. She is free with her money. I made her free of my library. 二、词义的表达 1.直译法 dark horse Hot dog Forbidden fruit 暴发户半边天红卫兵 2意译法 blue jacket the yellow leaf Wet blanket 炒鱿鱼下海白拿 3.直译意译结合法 the apple of one’s eye as dull as a goose Once in a blue moon as cool as a cucumber Black sheep as timid as a rabbit 4.音译法
第7单元篇章翻译 7.1 复习笔记 语篇通常指一系列连续的语段或句子构成的语言整体。语篇包括“话语”（discourse）和“篇章”（text）。语篇特征为：连贯、衔接，且具有明确的论题结构。 一、衔接 根据Halliday和Hasan的著作《英语中的衔接》，衔接手段大致可分为两种：语法衔接手段（grammatical cohesion）和词汇衔接手段（lexical cohesion）。前者又可以包括指称（reference）、省略（ellipsis）、替代（substitution）和连词（conjunction）。 1. 指代 指代主要分为三类：人称指代、指示指代和比较指代。 英语中，为了实现衔接，一般尽量采用代词指代前面出现的名词。汉语倾向于重复前文出现的名词，或者采用“零式指称”，省略主语。例： My friend looked somewhat ill at ease when he told me this: At the time when he bought this big house, his children had all been at school. Now they had their own homes and jobs. 【译文】朋友有点不好意思地说，买这座房子时，孩子们还在上学，如今都成家立业了。 2. 省略
省略可以分为名词省略、动词省略和小句省略。例： I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. 【译文】我有很多美妙的想法，但是只把少数付诸实践了。 3. 替代 “替代”指用较简短的语言形式替代上文中的某些词语，使行文简练流畅。 （1）名词替代比较常见的是使用one代替前文出现的某个名词。例： Carrie picked out the new abode because of its newness and bright wood—work. It was one of the very new ones supplied with steam heat, which was a great advantage.（Sister Carrie, Dreiser, T） 【译文】嘉莉选中这套新居所，是因为它是新建的，而且房间的木质部分色泽鲜亮，屋里有暖气，这是当时最新的房子才有的。 【分析】原文中，ones替代了abode；译文中，“房子”与其前面的“居所”构成同义词。 （2）动词替代经常是用助动词do的几种形式来代替前文出现的某个动词或动作意义。例： And yet this John Openshaw seems to me to be walking amid even greater perils than did the Sholtos. 【译文】可是在我看来，这个约翰·奥彭肖似乎是正在面临着比舒尔托更大的危险。 【分析】原文中，did替代了walked amid peril；译文中，该处同样进行了省略处理。 （3）小句替代使用指示代词指代前文出现的某一小句或者某一概念。例： “Well, I’ve got twenty-two dollars, but there’s everything to be paid for this
自考本科英语专业《英汉翻译教程》词汇翻译汇总 2012年4月 II. Word and Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point each) A. Translate the following words and phrases into Chinese. Write down your translation on your Answer Sheet. 16. gamma rays 伽马射线17. the New Testament 《新约全书》 18. ecologist 生态学者19. entrepreneurial spirit 创业精神 20. court of appeals 上诉法院21. Royal Society 皇家学会 22. a letter of patent 授权书23. consecutive interpretation 交替翻译 24. instrument of ratification 批准书25. the six-party talks 六方会谈 B. Translate the following words and phrases into English. Write down your translation on your Answer Sheet. 26.诺贝尔奖获得者the Nobel Prize Winner 27.福利基金welfare fund 28.国际经济合作International Economic Cooperation29.珠江三角洲Pear River Delta 30.北洋军阀政府the Northern Warlord Government31.民族团结ethnic harmony 32.金融服务业financial services 33.大陆架continental shelf 34.世界文化遗产world cultural legacy 35.联合国教科文组织United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 2011年7月 A.Directions: Put the following words and phrases into Chinese. 16.a slender man 身材瘦长17.country-wide trade 国内贸易 18.the Ethiopian highlands 埃塞俄比亚高原 19.economic policy经济政策20.great-grandmother 外祖母 21.open sea 公海 22.part-time river 季节性河流23.mineral oil 矿物油 24.environmental law环境保护法25.welcoming banquet 欢迎宴会 B.Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English. 26.逃学play truant27.军阀政府Warlord Government 28.九龙壁Nine-Dragon Wall 27.基本方针basic policies30.游记travels 31.祥林嫂Aunt Xianglin 28.排队queue up33.大陆架continental shelf 34.董事会board 35.深刻影响profound impact 2011年4月 16. appreciation dinner答谢宴会17. birth defect 天生缺陷 18. applied entomology 应用昆虫学19. member state 成员国(缔约国） 20. maternity hospital 妇产科医院21. over-the-counter medicine成药
Beidaihe Seaside Resort The Beidaihe Seaside Resort, a famous summer resort in China, lies 15 kilometers southwest of Qinghuangdao. With the Bohai Sea to its south and the Lianfeng Mountains to its north, the resort enjoys a long coastline, fine beaches and a calm sea, ideal for bathing. Moreover, the weather at the seaside is mild all the year round with the temperature in the hottest month averaging only 23°C. The sea wind by day and the land breeze by night make the place a best summer vacationland. The natural charm of Beidaihe is breathtaking. The East and West Lianfeng Mountains with their luxurious pines and cypresses and grotesque rocks extend far into the distance. In front of the mountains lies a vast expense of ocean stretching to the horizon while beautiful villas and buildings dot the green landscape. On the East Lianfeng Mountain, a rock looks just like a lotus flower, and two other rocks on the West Lianfeng Mountain, standing face to face, resemble two persons having a conversation. Meng Jiangnu Temple Meng Jiangnu Temple, 6.5 kilometers to the east of Shanhaiguan Pass, was first built in 1594, the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty. Legend has it that the husband of a women named Meng Jiangnu was sent to work on the Great Wall. To bring him winter clothes, Meng Jiangnu came to Shanghaiguan Pass from thousands of miles away. When she was told that her husband had died at work, she cried her heart out. Her tears of anguish bust the Great Wall and she jumped into the sea and died. Later, a temple was built in memory of her. It stands on the top of a hill, with stone steps leading to it. There are two halls in the temple. In the front hall stands the clay statue of Meng Jiangnu in plain white clothes, facing the sea with a sorrow look. In the rear hall is the statue of the Goddess of Mercy. Behind the hall is the “Rock of Waiting for the Husband”, the marks on which are said to be Meng Jiangnu’s footp rints. Nearby stands her Dressing Pavilion. Beijing-Toronto Hotel/Jinglun Hotel Beijing-Toronto is located on Jiangguomenwai Avenue, downtown Beijing, in the vicinity of the embassy quarters, Friendship Store and a number of major commercial buildings, with the world-famous Tian An Men Square only ten minutes away. Beijing-Toronto has 659 spacious rooms and suites, with wide comfortable beds. They are all equipped with modern facilities such as central air-conditioning, color TV with satellite transmitted programs, IDD and DDD calls and mini-bars, meeting international standards. In our room, one cannot help but feel cozy, comfortable and satisfied.
英汉互译教程总复习 1．Joint military exercises have increased in the region, to the detriment of trust between countries. 联合军事演习在本地区有增无减，不利于国家间建立信任。 2．This old man gets up and goes to bed with the sun everyday. 这位老翁每天黎明即起，日落而息。 3．A nearby object falling into a black hole is never heard of again. 附近的天体一旦落入黑洞，就会销声匿迹。 4．我们应该抢时间赶任务。 We should work against the clock. 5.These hospital expenses made inroads on my savings. 这些住院费耗掉了我大部分积蓄。 6．They killed a bottle of Kaoliang between them. 他们二人对酌，把一瓶高粱酒喝得一干二净。 7．When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. 一拿起书本，他们可都成了睁眼瞎了。 8．Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 9．人们笑贫不笑娼。 People ridicule poverty but not prostitutes. 10. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。 11．They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们拼着命地逃跑。 12．People were born survivors. 人的生存能力是与生俱来的。 13．这个环境工程是个“民心工程”。 The environment-friendly project is a “popularity-winning” project. 14. 语言这东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功夫不可。 The mastery of a language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 15. 会议开得冷冷清清，有时甚至开不下去了。 The meetings were marked by such absence of living discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up. 16. They pay lip-service to education but don’t work for better schools. 他们口惠而实不至，口口声声支持教育，却又不肯为改善学校条件做一些实际工作。 17．Unemployment has stubbornly refused to contract for more than a decade. 失业人数高居不下，已经十多个年头了。 18．有些厕所似乎仍是这次卫生大扫除活动的死角。 Some toilets seem immune to the clean-up campaign. 19. 这个摊贩叫卖道：“快来买呀，过了这村可没这个店啦。” The street peddler hawked, “Now or never!” 20. Why carry coals to Newcastle? 何必多此一举？ 21．You’re just teaching your grandmother how to suck eggs. 你这是在班门弄斧。 22．His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness. 主人对他的冷淡使他更加不自在。 23．I could have laughed to hear him talk like this.
第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68) 粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves) 海阔天空to talk with random( with a vast sea and boundless sky) 灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine) 纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold) 单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse) 赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart) 无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole) 扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath) 开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain) 大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums) 风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking) 二．翻译下列句子 （1）这是他们夫妻之间的事情，你去插一脚干吗？ That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? （2）别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个顺风耳啊！ You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed. （3）这消息让我出了一身冷汗。 I’m extremely terrified by the news. （4）她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。 She volunteered for the teaching post in this primary school. （5）我不敢班门弄斧，诚望您发表高见。 I dare not show off in the presence of（在……面前）an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten（启发，启蒙）us on this matter. （6）敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。 The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder. （7）敌军军官听说后路已被切断，吓得目瞪口呆。 The enemy officer was stunned by the news that the route of retreat had been cut off. （8）这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.