Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note
Period 3 Learning about Language
宾语从句和表语从句
【观察思考】
阅读下列句子,用that/if/whether/why/how填空。
①We believe ____ they have finished their task.
②Lily wanted to know _________ her grandma liked the handbag.
③I am sorry ____ I didn’t know you want to join the Party.
④I wonder ____ he hasn’t called me.
⑤She always thinks of ____ she can work well.
⑥We found it strange ____ no one would take the money.
⑦The fact is ____ I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance.
⑧That’s ____ we’ve given you the letter.
【语法探究】
Ⅰ.宾语从句
1.宾语从句的连接词。
(1)that引导表示陈述意义的宾语从句。
①当宾语从句是陈述意义时,连词由that引导,that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有具体意思,可省略。
He thought (that) the war was a terrible thing. 他认为战争是可怕的事情。
He feels (that) his own team is even better. 他感觉自己的队更好。
②若有and连接两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句,第一个that可省略,第二个及以后的tha 都不可省略。
We all think _____she is working hard ____ ____ she will surely go to a good university.
我们都认为她学习努力,一定能进一所好的大学。
③用it作形式宾语的宾语从句中that不能省略动词find/feel/consider/make等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。
I ____ __ _________that we’ll learn a second language.我觉得我们再学一门语言是必要的。
(2)if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句。
if/whether从句使用陈述语序,if/whether不能省略。
I didn’t know _________ _ _____ _______ until morning.我不知道是否能活过早晨。whether和if都可引导宾语从句,但有两点使用区别:
①当句中有or not时就用whether,不用if。
I don’t know whether or not I will stay.我不知道我是留还是不留。
②介词后面的宾语从句不能用if。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我担心我是否会伤害她的感情。
(3)由连接代词who/whom/whose/which/what和连接副词when/where/how/why等引导的宾语从句连接词在句中既起连接作用,又在从句中作成分,且各有各的词义,此时从句使用陈述语序。
①I don’t want to know __________ ____ ___ _______ _____.我不想知道你们在谈论谁。
②I want to know ______ ____ ____ __. 我想知道那是谁的上衣。
2.宾语从句的时态。
(1)当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响。
(翻译句子)
①I know he lives here now._______________________
②I know he lived here ten years ago._________________________
(2)如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时),那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。
他说他曾看过这部电影。(翻译)_____________________________
(3)若宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象,从句仍用现在时态。
The teacher told us that ____ ______ _____ ____ ______.老师告诉我们光的传播比声的传播快。
3.含虚拟语气的宾语从句。
某些表示“坚持、要求、命令、建议”的动词如insist, demand, suggest, order, require, request, ask等词后,宾语从句用虚拟语气,其谓语动词应为“should+动词原形”,should可省略。
(用所给词/短语的正确形式填空)
①The officer ordered that troops _____________(set off) at once.军官命令部队马上出发。
②She suggested that I __________(go) to see the doctor first.她建议我应当先去看医生。【巧学助记】
“一、二、三、四”巧记虚拟
一个坚持,两个命令,三个建议,四个要求。
一个“坚持(insist)”;两个“命令(order, command)”;三个“建议(suggest, propose, advise)”;
四个“要求(demand, require, request, ask)”。
【名师指津】insist,suggest接从句,根据需要选时态
insist作“坚持说”,suggest作“暗示,表明”讲时,从句不用虚拟语气,根据需要选用合适的时态。
①She insists that she didn’t tell a lie.她坚持说她没说谎。
②His expression suggests that he is angry.他的表情表明他生气了。
4.宾语从句的否定转移。
(1)当主句的谓语动词是
think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine/guess等动词,并且主句的主语是第一人称“I, we”而且为一般现在时时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,这叫否定转移。
(翻译句子)
①I don’t think you are fit for the job._________________________
②I don’t believe they’ve finished their work yet._____________________
(2)如果主句的主语是第一人称,其反意疑问句的人称和助动词应与从句中的人称和动词相对应;如果主句的主语是第二、三人称,其反意疑问句的人称和助动词应与主句中的人称和动词相对应。
I don’t suppose he cares, does he?我想他不在意,是吗?
He doesn’t think we will come, does he?他认为我们不会来了,是吗?
Ⅱ.表语从句
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词be/look/remain/seem等之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。
1.连接词that引导表语从句时,仅起连接作用,无意义,不作任何成分,但that不能省略。
The trouble is ____ _ _____ ____ ___ _______.麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。
2.连词if(是否)不能引导表语从句,只能用whether。
The question is ________ ___ ____ ______ on time.问题在于他是否会按时到达。
3.连接代词whose/who/whom/what/which和连接副词when/where/how/why等都可引导表语从句,还在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分,且各有各的词义。
①That is _____ ___ __ _______ _____.那正是他所担心的。
②That is ____ ___ ______ __ ____ yesterday.那就是他昨天得了感冒的原因。
4.当主句的主语是reason或是由why引导的主语从句时,其后面的表语从句要用that引导而不能用because。
The reason ____ I didn’t attend the conference ____ ____ I was too busy.
我未出席会议是因为我太忙了。
5.连词because引导的表语从句通常只用于This/That/It is/was because...结构中。
那是因为他粗心。(翻译) _______________________
as if/as though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look, seem,sound,be,become等后面,常用虚拟语气,也可用陈述语气。
It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door.听起来好像有人敲门。
The elephant feels as if/though it were a wall.大象摸起来像一堵墙。
【真题体验】
1.(2013·北京高考)Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. A.why B.where C.that D.what
2.(2012·北京高考)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt he could have expressed it differently. A.why B.how C.that D.whether
3.(2012·陕西高考)As many as five courses are provided,and you are free to choose suits you best. A.whatever B.whichever C.whenever D.wherever
4.(2013·安徽高考)From space,the earth looks blue.This is
about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
A.why
B.how
C.because
D.whether
课时达标自测
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空
1.I find it necessary _____we should do the homew-ork on time.
2.I wonder ________they will come to our party tomorrow.
3.I don’t know _____they are looking for.
4.The problem is _____I’m short of money.
5.My trouble is _____I can have enough money to go to college.
6.The question is _______it is worth trying.
7.That is _____I want to tell you.
8.I was late.That was _____I missed the train.
9.The reason _____he has to go is _____his mother is ill in bed.
10.The young man with long hair looks _____he were a girl.
Ⅱ.根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子
1.We _____ _____ _____that he told a lie to everyone. 我们认为他对大家撒谎是错误的。
2.Everything depends on _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
一切都取决于我们是否有足够多的钱。
3.The question Is _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
问题是他为什么如此喜欢这个地方。
4.Jane is no longer _____ _____ _____ten years ago. 简不再是十年前的那个样子了。
5.The fact is _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
事实就是我们队已经赢得了这场比赛。
Ⅲ.单项填空
1.(2013·北京高一检测)—I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
—Oh,how nice!Do you know when she_____?
A.was leaving
B.had left
C.has left
D.left
2.(2013·安溪高一检测)—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that_______you had a few days off?
A.why
B.when
C.what
D.where
3.I’ve just read a moving story which happened in Ya’an earthquake._________my face is bathed in tears.
A.It’s the reason
B.That’s why
C.There’s why
D.It’s how
4.(2013·合肥高一检测)____________go with him there?
A.Who do you suggest
B.Who do you suggest that should
C.Do you suggest who should
D.Do you suggest whom should
5.My classmates________they would help me.Which of the following answers is WRONG?
A.said to me that
B.told that
C.told me that
D.said that
6.Do you know___________________?
A.what time will the plane take off
B.what time would the plane take off
C.what time the plane will take off
D.the plane will take off at what time
7.He doubts____________his father is still alive.
A.whether
B.that
C.why
D.it that
8.—Are you thinking about yesterday’s game?
—Oh,that’s_______________________________.
A.what makes me feel excited
B.whatever I feel excited about
C.how I feel about it
D.when I feel excited
9.He heard a loud noise,and it sounded________a train had been going under his house.
A.even if
B.as if
C.in case
D.in order that
10.—Do you know_______he turned off the lights or not when he left the classroom? —Sorry.I do n’t know. A.what B.that C.whether D.why
11.Our manager suggested that we__________a meeting,but her eyes suggested that it important.
A.not hold;should be
B.didn’t hold;be
C.hold;was
D.not hold;was
12.—Who called just now,Sam? —It’s Terry.She asked___________________.
A.when we will set out
B.when would we set out
C.when we would set out
D.when will we set out
13.The teacher had made_______clear that whoever breaks the rule would be punished.
A.it
B.this
C.that
D.these
14.The child asked his mother_________go out to play tennis.
A.that he could
B.if he could
C.if could he
D.that could be
15.Jim said that his bike____stolen and he____buy a new one.
A.had been;would have to
B.was;would have to
C.has been;will have got to
D.has been;will have to
Class Name___________ ※I不定式 1：动词不定式的构成肯定：to + V 原形否定：not to + V 原形 2：功能： a).不定式作宾语： V+ to do 常见的后面接不定式作宾语的词有： 希望、想要、决定、同意、计划 hope want / would like decide agree plan to do b).不定式作宾语补足语： V+objects+ to do tell sb. ( not) to do sth. ask sb. ( not ) to do sth. c). 不定式表目的: I get up early to catch the early bus. 1：后面接不带“to”动词不定式做宾语补足语有： 2：感官动词的用法： see , watch , hear , notice , find … 1. see sb. do sth. --- hear sb. do sth. 2. eg. 1)We often hear him __________ ( read ) English in the morning. 2) I saw him ___________ ( play ) the piano yesterday when I passed his house. 3.疑问词+不定式 We don’t know what _________________ ( do ) next. Uncle Wang teaches us how _____________ ( repair ) radios. Can you tell me where ____________________ ( go ) after the entrance examination. 4．有些词后面既可以接动词to do 又可以接动词-ing 形式，但意义有区别的： 1.记住做了某事 remember doing sth. 记得去做某事 remember to do 2.忘记做了某事 forget doing sth. 忘记去做某事 forget to do
高一英语unit3词汇学案 1. bet n. 赌；打赌v.打赌；赌钱 1). He often bets a 1ot of money on horses. 他经常在赛马上豪赌。 2). I bet that it will rain tomorrow. 我敢肯定说明天一定会下雨。 2. fault n. 缺点；错误；故障vt. 挑剔faulty adj.有缺点的； faultless adj.不可挑剔的 find fault (with sb/sth) 找（某人/事物的）错/茬儿； It’ s one’ s fault 是某人的过错 1). It was _______ _______ (他的过错) that we were late. 2).她总是找我的茬儿。 ___________________________________________________ __________ 3. spot vt. 发现；认出n. 污点；斑点；地点spotless adj. 没有斑点的，干净的
spot sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事 on the spot = on the scene到（在）现场；当场 1). The police ______ him driving a stolen car. 2). The police were ______ ______ ______ within a few minu tes of my telephone call. 4. passage n. 通道；（书、讲话、音乐等的）一段，一节；经过，通过，消逝；旅费 1). They were denied passage through the occupied territory. 他们被禁止穿越占领区。 2). He worked his passage to Australia. 他在去澳大利亚旅行的船上做工偿付船费。 5. account n. 说明，考虑vi.&vt. 认为；说明；解释总；计有 account for导致；做出解释；总计有 on account of = because of 因为 open an account在银行开个户头 take sth. into account/consideration考虑到某事
,[学生用书P213～P214])
Ⅰ.单词拼写根据音标及词义写出英文单词。1．catalogue['k?t?l?ɡ] n．目录2．angle['??ɡl] n. 角；角度 3．concept['k?nsept] n. 观念；概念4．platform['pl?tf??m] n. 台；平台；讲台5．anniversary[??nI'v??s?rI] n. 周年纪念(日) 6．astronaut['?str?n??t] n. 宇航员 7．clinic['klInIk] n. 门诊部；小诊所8．privilege['prIv?lId?] n. 特权；特别优待9．textbook['tekstb?k] n. 教科书；课本10．purchase['p??t??s] vt.&n. 买；购买11．toast['t??st] vt. 烤(面包等) n. 烤面包(片) 12．relevant['rel?v?nt] adj. 有关的；切题的13．remote[rI'm??t] adj. 遥远的；偏僻的
14．weekly['wi?klI] adj. & adv. 每周(的) 15．otherwise['?e?waIz] conj. 否则；不然adv. 用别的方法 16．donate[d??'neIt] vt. 捐赠 Ⅱ.单词拓展写出下列单词及其派生词。1．mud n．泥；淤泥；泥浆muddy adj. 泥泞的；模糊的；混乱的2．participate vi. 参与；参加 participation n. 参与；参加 participant n. 参加者；参与者3．distribute vt. 分配；分发 distribution n. 分配；分发；分布状态distributor n. 发行人；经销商；分销商4．secure vt. 保护 adj. 安全的 security n. 安全；保护；保障 5．voluntary adj. 自愿的；无偿的volunteer n. 志愿者
Module 3 Unit 3 Wordlist 1 civilization n.文明 lecture n.讲座 found vt.兴建，创建 BC abbr.公元前（before Christ的缩写）roman n.罗马人 adj.罗马的，罗马人的 take over 夺取；接管 volcano n.火山 AD abbr.公元（Anno Domini的缩写）erupt vi.（火山等）爆发 lava n.熔岩，火山岩 ash n.灰，灰烬 pour vi.涌流，倾泻 vt.倒出（液体） unfortunate adj.不幸的，遗憾的 mud n.泥浆，烂泥 decorate vt.装饰，装潢 flee (fled, fled) vt. & vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开 researcher n.研究者，调查者 true-to-life adj.逼真的 disaster n.灾难 destroy vt.毁坏，摧毁 commercial adj.商业的，贸易的wealthy adj.富有的，富裕的 gradually adv.渐渐地，逐渐地sandstorm n.沙尘暴，风沙 scholar n.学者 cultural adj.文化的 institute n.（教育或其他专业）机构，研究所 ruin n.废墟；毁坏vt.破坏，毁坏remains n.遗物，遗迹，遗骸 beneath prep.在……之下 pot n.罐，壶 material n.材料；物质adj. 物质的document n.文献，文件 workshop n.作坊，车间 Wordlist 2 explode vi.爆炸 nearby adv. & adj.在附近（的）extreme adj.极度的；极端的 complain vi.抱怨的 bone n.骨骼，骨头 wooden adj.木制的 leather n.皮革的 historical adj.历史的；与历史研究相关的solution n.解决办法，解答 expression n.表达；表情，神色audience n.观众，听众 cave n.洞穴 ceremony n.仪式，典礼 republic n.共和国；共和政体 chairman n.主席 pearl n. 珍珠 harbor （harbour）n.港口 navy n.海军，海军部队 powerful adj.强有力的 airfield n.（军用）机场 bomb vt. n.轰炸、炸弹 sailor n.水手，海员 fortunate adj.幸运的 aircraft n.飞机 carrier n.航空母舰，运输设备；运输公司declare vt.宣布，宣称 in memory of 纪念 memorial n.纪念碑，纪念馆 adj.纪念的 educate vt.教育 stature n.雕塑，雕像 no doubt 无疑，确实 rise up against 起义，反抗 troop n.士兵；军队，部队 stand in one's path 阻碍（某人） march vi. & n.前进，进发；游行
长清一中大学科技园校区高三英语组编制人：封妮一．Learning goals 1.了解语法填空题型的命题特点，熟悉语法填空中常出现的考点类型； 2. 掌握语法填空的解题方法与技巧，力争做到答题准确。 二、Teaching procedures （一）Warming-up （错题再现） 1. Players obtain the opponent’s pieces ____ surrounding them 2. The rules are simple, ____playing it is not. 3. Martin Mueller, a computing science professor , ________ (work)on Go programs for 30 years. （二）Test points ★考点I. 纯空格试题 1.名词前设空 ①It was ____ cold winter night and nobody can be seen in the street. ②Mrs. Taylor has ____ 8-year-old daughter who has____ gift for painting ---she has won two national prize.
2. 并列的两个或几个单词或短语之间设空 ①.Everyone asked me to go,____ I went. ②She came in _____ sat down. ③W hich do you prefer, folk music _____ pop music? 3.缺主语或宾语，考虑用______和______。 ①Suddenly the wall moved---______ was made of trees! ②However，fewer red packets stand for a positive social trend，____________ should be encouraged. ★考点II. 给出了动词的试题 1.It was raining lightly when I___61 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. （2015课 标I） 句中缺少的谓语，那么所给动词就是谓语动词，就要考虑_________，_________和_________。 2. The boy ________ (cry) at home is my little brother. 3. English teacher asked Liu Zhen ________ (read) the passage in class. 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。就要判断用_________，_________和_________。 ★考点III. 词类转换题 1.作表语，定语或补语，考虑用______词。 ①This book is______(help) to me. ②She is a ______ (beauty) girl. ③Zhou Yi made me ______ (anger)when he didn't listen to the teacher carefully. 2. 在冠词、介词、数词、形容词性物主代词后及一些固定搭配后，或“冠词+形容词”后，考虑用______词。 ①It is of _________(important) to read English in the morning. ②The ____________ (invent) of the railways made this possible. 3.修饰动词、形容词，或整个句子。常用副词。 ①______ (sad) the library had moved from its original place into another building. ②Finally, we finished our work_____(success).
语法专题主谓一致 I、重点难点解析 主谓一致的高考命题导向 考点主要分布在：语法结构对主谓一致的影响；充当主语的词汇意义对主谓一致的影响；复合句中的主谓一致等。 主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数上的一致，主语的“人称”和“数”决定谓语动词的变化。 一主谓一致原则一览表 1.不定式、动名词、从句作主语，用单数 Going to a British high school (be) an unforgettable experience. What he said (be) true. 2.Either, neither, each, the other, another, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, something, everything, nobody, nothing 作主语用单数 Nothing (be) impossible. Everything (be) possible. 3.主语后有with, together with, as well as, along with, like, as, except, but, more than, rather than , other than, no less than 等词或短语时,谓语动词与主语一致。 A library with five thousand books (be) offered to the nation as a gift. The monitor as well as his classmates (be) given a reward for working hard yesterday. 4.and 连接的并列主语 (1)由and 连接的两个不同概念的名词作主语时，动词要用复数： Both you and I (be) going to attend the meeting. 但是如果指一个事物用单数 bread and butter knife and fork （2）有each, every, many a , no 修饰并列主语，用单数 Each woman and each man (have) a chance to win. Every boy and every girl （know）that each day and each hour brings its duty. (3) and 连接的两个名词只有一个冠词用单数，有两个冠词用复数 The professor and the write (be) visiting our school now. A singer and dancer (be) visiting our school now. (4).从句，不定式等由and 连接做主语,完整式用复数,缩略式用单数 What he said and what he did agree. What I say and do (be) my own business. When and where to build the new factory been decided yet.
学考复习语法填空专题学案 Name_______ class_______ I. Fill in the blanks with proper words and analyze the testing points. （2017年学考真题） My friend Tony and I always walk hoe together after school. Last Monday, however, something happened __46___ our way back. We were walking that day when we heard_47__ loud cry behind us. Looking around, we were _48___ (surprise) to see a woman lying on the ground. It seemed that she was___49_ (injure) badly. We hurried to her, __50___ a man came over to stop us from __51___(help) the woman. Some __52____(girl) walking by even laughed at us. We got very angry with the people__53_____ were cold to the woman. Then the man__54___(ask) us to turn around to see a man carrying a video camera on__55___(he)shoulder. They were just making a film! II. Discuss the skills used in grammatical filling exercises. ★Blanks with no given words Group 1: 1. I would really appreciate _____ if you could offer me some information about traditional Chinese culture. 2. I am so glad that you will come to Beijing soon. With so many places of interest for you to visit, I have the faith that you can really enjoy ________. 3. In China, an amazing number of people accept mobile payment. Some choose to pay through popular apps Alipay, while _______ choose to pay through WeChat.
I.Definition A phrasal verb is made up of a verb plus an adverb and/or a preposition. Some phrasal verbs are separable, while others are not. II.Formation 1. verb + adverb(动词+副词) (动词+副词构成的动词短语,宾语既可以放在副词之前也可以放在副词之后，但如果宾语为人称代词，则必须放在动词和副词之间) Fleming tried out this mould on another bacterium. Fleming tried this mould out on another bacterium. Fleming found the mould had killed the cells of the bacteria and tried it out on another bacterium. They have agreed to put aside their differences in the interests of winning the election. They have agreed to put their differences aside in the interests of winning the election. They have differences, but they have agreed to put them aside in the interests of wining the election. Uncle Tom passed away (去世) many years ago. 2.verb + preposition (动词+介词) (动词+介词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，不可分开使用，其后可以直接跟宾语，宾语通常是名词、代词、动名词等，在被动语态中介词不能省略) Doctors are looking into the case for new treatment. Sometimes people ask for medicine that they do not really need. Kate is looking after her sick mother. I came across one of my old classmates Jane. I agree with (与……看法一致)you on that point. Before long he took to (爱上) a girl student in his class. 3.verb + adverb + preposition(动词+副词+介词) （这类动词短语的宾语只能放在介词的后面，在“动词+副词+介词”的组合中，短语动词只能看作是一个动词,绝对不能拆开） How can you put up with this for so long? It is not right to look down upon those who have AIDS. Watch out for cars while you are crossing the street. We must catch up with them. Let’s face up to the situation. Your ideas fit in with mine. Let’ s get down to our business.
高一英语必修三unit 3 语法 名词性从句：宾语从句和表语从句 名词性从句的定义 1、名词： 2、名词在句子当中一般充当的成分： 3、名词性从句：在复合句中起_______作用的从句叫做名词性从句。 名词性从句的作用相当于_______， 因此________、________ 、________和________从句分别 作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。 观察下列从Reading 中选取的句子，思考句中黑体词引导什么从句 ①It is Henry Adams，an American businessman，who is lost in London and does not know what he should do. ② May we ask what you’re doing in this country and what your plans are? ③I can’t say that I have any plans. ④I’m afraid (that)I don’t quite follow you，sir. ⑤I don’t think(that) it’s very funny. ⑥ The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand，which accounts for my appearance. ⑦That’s why we have given you the letter. 【自我总结】①—⑤为___________从句，⑥、⑦为__________从句 一、宾语从句 1、定义：在复合句中作动词或介词宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 2、类别 1）________的宾语从句: I heard that he would come here later on. 2）________的宾语从句: He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 3）_________________的宾语从句 这类形容词或过去分词有sure，glad，certain，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied等，连词that可省略。 ① I am not sure what I ought to do. ② I'm surprised that I didn't see all that before. ③ Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams. 3、句子结构：主句+连词(引导词)+ 宾语从句 She asked if these answers were right. We can learn what we do not know. 4、宾语从句的引导词
高二英语语法学习之 分词作状语导学案 课标要求：掌握分词的用法，并学会在具体语境中运用。理解语法形式的表意功能，并能有效地 运用； 逐步接触和了解较为复杂的语言现象，对较复杂的语言现象具有一定的归纳、分析和解释 的能力。 学法指导： 1. 学会去发现学习，根据所呈现句子，总结分词用法以及规律; 2. 学会去通过寻找逻辑主语来确定分词的选择以及探究如何确定分词的时间和主被动形式； 3. 根据分类高考试题，总结高考分词考查规律及掌握解题策略。 预习案 一、现在分词作状语 1. (2010上海) _______ (approach) the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.（时间状语） 2. (2012福建) Pressed from his parents ，and _______(realize) that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.（原因状语） 3. (2004广东) ______(complete) the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.（原因） 4. (2005湖北) ______ (separate)from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.（原因状语） 5. (2011北京) Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, _______(keep) on your feet.（条件状语） 6. (2007陕西) ______(say) that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her.（让步状语） 7. (2011陕西) More highways have been built in China, ______(make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.（结果状语） 8. (2011辽宁) _______(gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.（方式状语） 9. (2010江西) The lady walked around the shops, _______(keep) an eye out for bargains.（伴随状语） 10. (2008浙江) ______(realize) that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.（方式） 11.（2014湖南）There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, ____ (stare) at the night sky.（伴随状语） 二、过去分词作状语 1. (2011天津) _______(translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.（时间状语） 2. (2011四川) _______ (offer) an important role in the movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.（原因状语） 3. (2012北京) _______(use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.（条件状语） 4. (2005全国) _______(follow) some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.（方式状语） 5.（2014湖南）Children ，when (accompany)by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.（时间状语） 6.（2014天津）Clearly and thoughtfully________(write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.（原因状语） （让步状语） （1）名词+ 1. (2012全国I) The party will be held in the garden, weather _______(permit).（表条件） 2. (2011浙江) Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some _______ (have) a life span of around 20 years.（补充说明） 3.（表原因） sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ______ 比较下面两个句子： (1) The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent of which ______ at the end of last March. (2) The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the fourth ______ at the end of next March. A. has been launched B. having been launched C. was launched D. to be launched （2）with+名词短语+分词作状语 1. (2004北京) _______two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.（原因状语） 2. (2012辽宁) The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _______（follow ）them.（伴随状语） 3. (2010山东)The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _______ (lay) for a meal to be cooked.（方式状语） 4. (2007安徽) John received an invitation to dinner, and with his homework ______(finish), he gladly accepted it （时间状语） 四、 固定结构作状语 1. 副词+ speaking Generally speaking, men are stronger than women. 2. 分词+ 介词 Judging from his expression, he is in a lousy mood. Allowing for her inexperience, she has done a good job. Talking of English, she is the best speaker. Taking everything into consideration, they ought to win this game. 3. 分词+（that ）从句 Considering/Allowing that she has no experience, she has done a good job. Considering how far from perfect most human brains are, there isn't much threat from a computer. Supposing there was a war, what would you do? Granting that he has made a mistake, he is not to blame, for he intended to help us. 探究案 探究一：谓语或非谓语的确定 比较下面三个句子： (1) In the dark forest lie many lakes, some of them large enough to hold several English towns. (2) In the dark forest lie many lakes, and some of them are large enough to hold several English towns. (3) In the dark forest lie many lakes, some of which are large enough to hold several English towns. Exx ： 1. He walked down the hills, softly to himself. (sing) 1. Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.
M3语法复习 Grammar 宾语补足语用法 宾语补足语是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的状态、特征的成分，多由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式和分词充当。 Pattern: verb +object +object complement 1. 名词或名词短语做宾补 We call her Jenny. 【注意】用作宾语补足语的名词表示独一无二的职位、头衔、称谓时，其前不能用冠词。John was elected Chairman of the students’ union. In 1864 Lincoln was made President of the United States for the second time. 2. 形容词做宾补 The sun keeps us warm. He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting. We found it important for children to follow the table rules. 3.副词做宾补 They found him out. Have your shoes on. 4.介词短语做宾补 Make yourself at home. I found everything in good condition. We thought the material of great importance. 5.动词不定式作宾语补足语（通常用来表示主动和将来的动作） They wish you to go with them. The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. We helped her (to) repair her bike. 【注意】在使役动词 make 等和感官动词 see, watch, notice, observe，hear，feel, find,等后面作宾补的不定式须省略不定符号 to。 例如：The teacher doesn’t make his students do homework at school . I heard someone knock at the door three times . 变为被动语态时，不定式符号 to 要还原，不能省略。 如： His students are not made to do homework at school. Someone was heard to knock at the door three times . 6.动词现在分词作宾补（通常用来表示主动和正在进行的动作） He saw a girl getting on the tractor. Do you hear someone knocking at the window ? I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face. 7.动词过去分词作宾语补足语（通常用来表示被动和已经完成的动作） You must get your hair cut. I have never heard him spoken ill of. She felt a great weight taken off her mind．以下三类词的宾语后常跟宾补，归纳如下：(1)感官动词后接宾语补足语
八年级语文下册导学案 初中语文语法知识 一、初中语文语法知识----短语 短语又叫词组，是由两个或两个以上的词按照一定的结构组合起来，能充当句子成分的语法单位。短语按其词与词组合的结构关系，主要有五种类型：并列短语、偏正短语、动宾短语、动补短语和主谓短语。 名称 构成方式短语成分间的关 系举例 并列短语由两个或两个以上的实词并列组 成的，词性必须相同，主要有三 种类型：名词+名词、动词+动 词、形容词+形容词 并列关系 北京、天津和上 海 发明创造 生动活泼 偏正短语由两个或两个以上的成分构成， 前边的修饰限制后边的成分，即 中心语被修饰语修饰或限制。主 要有三种类型：定语+名词，状 语+动词，状语+形容词 修饰关系 复习提纲 仔细观察 批判地继承 十分漂亮 动宾短语由动词和其他的成分组合而成 的，动词后面的成分是它所支配 或涉及的对象，称为宾语，包括 四种类型：动+名，动+代，动+ 动，动+形 支配关系 热爱祖国 来这边 爱打扮 喜欢诚实 动补（行补）短语由动词（形容词）和补语组成， 动补包括动+形，动+数量两种类 型，行补包括形+数量，行+副， 行+得+短语 补充关系 说明白 走一趟 好得很 高兴得跳起来 主谓短语由主语和谓语组成，其类型包 括：名+动，代+动，名+行，名+ 名，名+动宾短语 陈述关系 春天来了 心情舒畅 今天星期天 党关心人民 二、初中语文语法知识------句子成分 1．什么是句子 句子是由词或短语（也叫词组）构成的，是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。。2．句子成分的名称及符号 名称：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 符号：主语 = 谓语－宾语～ 定语（）状语 [ ] 补语 < > ①句子的基本成分是：主语、谓语、宾语。 补充成分是：定语、状语、补语。 ②主语部分和谓语部分之间可用“‖”划开。
Book 1 Module 1语法学案 【学习目标】 1.掌握本模块语法一般现在时的用法 2.掌握相关时态现在进行时的用法 3.在具体的语境中活用两种时态 【重点难点】 学习重点：一般现在时和现在进行时的用法 学习难点：一般现在时和现在进行时在具体的语境中的使用 ［知识链接】 %1.一般现在时考点分析 %1表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制） The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at lOOoC. %1表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，旦常与表频率的时间状语连用。 Ice feels cold. We always care for each other and help each other. %1表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell> taste、feeR notice> agree> believe> like> hate> want> think> belong seem 等。如： I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.l Middle School. %1在时间、条件状语从句中常用-?般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if引导的条件 状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。 If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参四我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。 %1少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go> leave A amve> fly^ return > start > begin > pen> close> end> stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。 The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. %1.现在进行时考点分析。 %1表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；It is raining now. %1表示现阶段一直进行但不一定是在讲话时发生的动作； He is teaching English and learning Chinese.