阅读理解之猜词题专项训练
一、根据前缀或后缀猜测词义
Read the following sentences ,and guess the meaning of the Italicized words:
1.An education enriches the mind .丰富
2.He did not write his composition well and the teacher told him to
rewrite it.重写
3.unlocked the safe and took out five thousand dollars.开锁
4.He had been overworking and fell sick at last.过于劳累
5.We disapprove of middle-school students smoking cigarettes.不赞成
6.At midnight ,several hours after the ship had left the port ,she ran into
bad weather.午夜
7.That country is underdeveloped and the living standard of the people is rather
low.经济不发达的
8.It is impolite to turn your back on someone who is speaking to you.不礼貌的
9.Those old people are very active in anti-pollution activities.反污染
10.Don’t l et his friendly words mislead you into believing him.错误引导；误导
二．根据上下文中的同位关系推测词义
Exercise
Read the following sentences ,and guess the meaning of the italicized words .
experiences are not unusual for the amateur conchologists, people who collect
shells.
A.考古学家
B.批发商
C.贝类学者
D.集邮爱好者
often sponsor TV programs, that is, they pay the costs of producing the programs.
A.购买
B.制作
C.赞助
D.出售
showed apathy -----a lack of interest ----toward the problem.
A.着迷
B.极感兴趣
C.缺乏兴趣
D.兴奋
4．There are basically two kinds of anesthetics: drugs that simply numb(使
麻木) an area of the body and drugs that make you completely unconscious(失去知
觉).
A.麻醉剂
B.兴奋剂
C.止咳剂
D.抗生素
the people of La Gomera need to speak over a distance ,and ordinary speech is
impossible ,they use the sible , the name of a whistled form of speech.
A.测量仪
B.登山工具
C.口哨语言
D.玩具
三．根据上下文的同义关系推测词义
利用上下文中的同义词或短语推测词义
Exercise
Read the following sentences ,and guess the meaning of the Italicized words:
1.Your gross or total weight must be within certain limits .
A.少量的
B.四分之一的
C.部分的
D.全部的
2. Carbon monoxide is a noxious gas. It can be extremely harmful to living
things.
A.有益的
B.清新的
C.有异味的
D.有害的
3. It was futile trying to explain it to him. It was useless to keep talking to him
about it.
A．清楚的 B.有益的 C.珍贵的 D.无用的
4. There was little continuity in the program .There should have been a progression
and flow of activities.
.A.反复 B.中断 C.连续性 D.反对
5. It was a bad situation .He was a real hindrance on the trip. He caused one
difficulty after another.
.A.合作者 B. 妨碍者 C.促进者 D.反对者
四．根据上下文的反义关系推测词义
Exercise
Read the following sentences ,and guess the meaning of the Italicized words:
1.To others the manager was caustic , yet he always sounded very pleasant to her .
A.胆怯的
B.可爱的
C.刻薄的
D.温顺的
it may be either socially beneficial or socially harmful to millions of people,it
is necessary to examine that program carefully.
A.勇敢的
B.整洁的
C.有害的
D.有益的
Twain was not the author’s real name ;it was a pseudonym.
A.选集
B.真名
C.编辑
D.笔名
the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid,and the summers hot
and dry.
A.寒冷的
B.潮湿的
C.炎热的
D.干燥的
big farms are getting bigger while the small ones are slowly dwindling.
A.扩大
B.升值
C.缩小
D.贬值
中考英语阅读理解：猜词秀 在阅读的时候，常常会遇到一些生词，影响我们的阅读速度，其实大部分生词的意思都可以通过上下文的关系猜出来，下面就介绍一些猜词的技巧： 通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词表示前因后果。例如： You shouldn‘t have blamed him for that，for it wasn’t his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因，可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。 通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus、Mars、Jupiter均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all……handsome 我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。 例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long there is a dry period，or drought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为“久旱”，“旱灾”。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called 或破折号等来表示。 例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts 和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。 描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South is fat and walks in a funny it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活
高中英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧 Teaching Design Date: 2014—11—15 Topic: How to guess unknown words and expressions in reading comprehension. Students: Class 4 Grade 3 Teacher: Lai Ruiwen 一教学分析 1.教学内容简述 该课是一堂专项阅读训练课，具体介绍在高中英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧。“猜测词句意义”题型在高考阅读中占有一定的份量，每年的高考题中有2-3题，也就是每篇阅读基本上有1题，占了一定的份量。而我们学生在这方面的技能显得薄弱，猜词能力比较差，猜词没有具体的系统的方法，因此，针对此题型的训练就显得很有必要。在必要时，做些语法分析，通过词与词的关系，确定其词性；有时根据常识和生活经验或构词法知识，完全可以对那些从未见过的生词的词义作出正确的推测。做这种题时，特别要注意的是，对于那些我们熟悉的词千万不要妄自、草率下结论，一定要结合上下文判断它在文中的意思。 2 教学对象分析 高三的学生到了高三下学期，积累了一定的词汇量，具备了一定的语篇分析能力，通过一定的练习，掌握了一些阅读理解解题技巧，但是学生普遍基础薄弱，句子分析能力差，不知道联系上下文，阅读能力实属一般，很多同学甚至都是凭感觉在做题，并无系统的解题方法。因而，希望通过此节课使学生的阅读理解能力有所提高。 二．教学目标分析 1. Knowledge and skills: (1)Enable Ss to know the basic questions patterns in NMET reading comprehension. (2)Help Ss basically know how to guess the word meaning in reading. (3)Help Ss improve some related reading skills. 2. Process and methods (1) 通过具体的例子引入这节课的话题，介绍其在高考中所占的比重和考查形式。使其重视这一部分内容的学习。 （2）通过归纳总结的方式找出猜词题的解题技巧。教师强调重难点，最后再通过练习巩固技巧。最终使得学生自己学会分析问题解决问题。 3 Emotional skills (1) Make Ss become more confident in Reading. (2) Enable Ss to enjoy reading. 三. Teaching emphasis and difficulties: Guess the word or expressions according to the context clues. 四Teaching methods: Summarizing, practicing, co—operation and interaction. 五：Teaching aids:
高中英语猜词题技巧整 理版 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】
1、定义或解释说明1. be called…3. means…4. be defined as… to We can feel acceleration, which is an increase in speed. But we notice it for only a short time. For example we feel it during the takeoff run of an airplane. 1. the underlined word acceleration means _______. A. any kind of movement B. the movement of a plane C. a steady speed D. to make something mover faster 2、对比关系 1. but/however/yet/while… 2. otherwise/or/or else… 3. instead of though/as ◎ John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty. ◎If you agree, write “ yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ◎Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the thing. (2008江苏卷，A篇) We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy(敌人). However, we can also take control of it and make it our ally. 56. The underlined word “ally” in Para. 3 most likely means somebody or something that is ______. A. your slave and serves you B. your supporter and helps you C. under your control and obeys you D. under your influence and follows you 3、因果关系 since/as/for/due to…therefore/thus/consequently……that/such…that ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. ◎ The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow(浅的).
中考英语猜词专项训练 Both British and American people will engage in quite a bit of chat and a drink or two before the meal is served. After the first mouthful, you should say how delicious the food is and ask something about it. 69. What does the underlined “engage in” mean in Chinese? A. 陷入 B. 参与 C. 回避 D. 限制 I walked around the factory looking at the building, the workers, and listening to the noise. It was horrible. I ran back to my. father and said, "I want to go home. " 80. The underlined word "horrible" means "_ _" in Chinese. A. 糟糕的 B. 紧张的 C. 浪漫的 Hands play an importantly part in our daily life. But do you know which of your two hands you use more? Very few people use both hands equally well. Most of us are right-handed. Only about five people out of a hundred are left-handed. New-born babies can take hold of things with either of their hands, but in about two years they usually use their right hands. Scientists don’t know why this happens. 67.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “equally” in Chinese? A.公正地 B.均等地 C.平凡地 Industrial(工业的)factories built nearby on the mainland also made the condition get worse, causing the city to sink about 0.75 feet in the 20th century. So the Italian government asked some of Italy’s biggest construction and engineering companies to build the MOST project, which was planned to be built under the sea water to stop floods. 46. The underlined word “construction” in the passage means “_______”in Chinese. A.建筑 B. 农业 C. 交通 As we know, scattering(散射) happens when light goes through the air. For the same media(媒质), if the wavelength is long, the scattering will be short. If the wavelength is short, then the scattering will be long. 48. The underlined word "wavelength" means________ in Chinese. A.波浪 B.光波 C.波长 Tan Wei said, "I thought texting was much cheaper than phoning, so I've been texting my friends all day long and even into the early hours of the morning, Sometimes my Angers hurt because I pressed the buttons(按键)so much, but I was having such good fun that l couldn’t I stop！” 46 The underlined word "texting" probably means_____ A,读课文 B. 发短信 C. 发邮件
高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧 1.利用定义或解释(definition or explanation) Signal words: means, refers to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is , that is to say, 定语从句…..etc. 举例： Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）, or young leaves of trees.(B) The word "pruning" means______ A. Regular cutting（修剪）of the plants B. Frequent watering C. Regular use of chemicals D. Growing the plants high in the mountain 2.利用普通常识和经验(common sense or experience) 举例： 1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today． "ocelot" means _________________(an endangered wild cat) 2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short. "adolescence" means___________(The period between childhood and adulthood) 3.利用同义/同位语(similarity/appositive) Signal words：for example ，for instance，such as ，like，as---as，etc. 举例： The largest player –Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists. (C) The words "deluxe sedans," "minivans" and "station wagons" used in the text refer to ____. A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers 4.利用举例(from examples) Signal words: as, like, the same as，unlike, but，however, on the contrary, while,instead…ect. 举例： 1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘）with the wind like feathers. 2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends. 5.利用比较或对比(comparison or contrast) (1)Overwork may cause diseases. over（过分的、过量的）＋work＝overwork“工作过度”。 (2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes. dis “不”+ satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied “不满意的”。 6.利用构词法(Word formation)：前缀、后缀、复合、派生等 举例： 1. Is he intelligent or stupid? 2. Most women in Ghana--- the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the
中考英语阅读猜词 Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998
阅读理解之猜词题专项训练 一、根据前缀或后缀猜测词义 Read the following sentences ,and guess the meaning of the Italicized words: 1.An education enriches the mind .丰富 2.He did not write his composition well and the teacher told him to rewrite it.重写 3.unlocked the safe and took out five thousand dollars.开锁 4.He had been overworking and fell sick at last.过于劳累 5.We disapprove of middle-school students smoking cigarettes.不赞成 6.At midnight ,several hours after the ship had left the port ,she ran into bad weather.午夜 7.That country is underdeveloped and the living standard of the people is rather low. 经济不发达的 8.It is impolite to turn your back on someone who is speaking to you.不礼貌的 9.Those old people are very active in anti-pollution activities.反污染 10.Don’t let his friendly words mislead you into believing him.错误引导；误导二．根据上下文中的同位关系推测词义 Exercise Read the following sentences ,and guess the meaning of the italicized words . experiences are not unusual for the amateur conchologists, people who collect shells. A.考古学家 B.批发商 C.贝类学者 D.集邮爱好者 often sponsor TV programs, that is, they pay the costs of producing the programs. A.购买 B.制作 C.赞助 D.出售 showed apathy -----a lack of interest ----toward the problem. A.着迷 B.极感兴趣 C.缺乏兴趣 D.兴奋
英语阅读课程小结 第一篇：英语阅读课程小结看选项之后的 第一步就是排除，比较典型的排除干扰选项的方法有：1）用同性元素来排除2）用错误选项的典型特征排除：a）所述 和原文相反；b）无中生有；c）和常识一致，却和文中科学论述相悖；d）是原文不严谨的改写或推理；e）违背常理；f） 语气极端过于绝对正确选项的特征——原文改写一、最常见的原文改写的方法是词性变换，同义词、同义词组的替换，这些变化往往体现了选项与原文之间的文字与文字之间的精确的对应二、原文改写还有一种很普遍的方式就是句式和表达法的转换三、如果题干出现与原文某处的强对比关系词，则答案也应当对原文所述取反，这种原文与选项之间反义替换，也是文字对应的一种细节题的命题规律及解题方法一、列举处常考列 举处是指用first(ly)，second(ly)，third(ly)，finally；not only…but also；then；in addition；further more；moreover；above all；on one hand… on the other hand 等表示顺承关系的词语列举出的事实。要求考生从列举出的内容中，选出符合题干要求的答案项。该考点常出题型是“细节事实题”。二、例证处常考为了使自己的观点更有说服力、 更加明确，作者经常用具体的例子打比方，句中常用由as，such as，for example，for instance，take…as an example等引导的短语或句子作为例证，这些例句或比喻就成 为命题者提问的焦点。三、转折对比处常考一般而言，转折 后的内容常常使语义的重点，命题者常对转折处的内容进行提问。转折一般通过however，but，yet，in fact等词语来引
专题复习： 关于阅读理解中的猜词悟义题 近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对考生猜词悟义能力的考查，猜测词悟义的能力，即掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读中生词的干扰、降低生词率、提高阅读速度和理解能力是必不可少的，这是考生英语阅读理解能力的一个重要组成部分。这种不用词典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力是每一个考生所必须具备的能力。这类题主要考查考生对文中的重点词句的理解，要求考生对文章中的个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或推测其义。 常用的问题形式： 1. He underlined word（phrase）in the passage means ________________． 2. The word "it（them）"in the first paragraph refers to _____________． 3. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _____________． 4. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 5. What does（do）the underlined word（words）refer to？ 6. According to the passage, ―…‖ probably means ______________. 7. The author uses the word ―…‖ to mean __________. 8. The underlined word/phrase/team ―…‖means ______________. 9. The word ―…‖ in paragraph …refers to __________. 10. What does ―…‖ in the second paragraph stands for? 11. The sentence ―…‖ means _______________. 例如: Apple trees may grow as tall as 12 metres and they grow best in areas that have cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree. The underlined word ― yielded‖ most probably means__________. A. sold B. bought C. improved D. produced Another source of knowledge is the vast store of traditional practices handed down form father to son, or mother to daughter, of old country customs, of folklore. All this is very difficult for a college student to examine, for much knowledge and personal experience is needed here to separate good plants form wild grass. The college student should learn to realize and remember how much of real value science has found in this wide, confused wilderness and how often scientific discoveries of what had existed in this area long ago. In this paragraph the phrase ―this wide, confused wilderness‖ refers to _________. A. personal experience B. wild weeds among good plants C. the information from the parents D. the vast store of traditional practices 猜词悟义方法： 一、针对性解释 针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂
中考英语阅读理解解题技巧：猜词 在阅读的时候，常常会遇到一些生词，影响我们的阅读速度，其实大部分生词的意思都可以通过上下文的关系猜出来，下面就介绍一些猜词的技巧： 1.通过因果关系猜词 通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.通过for 引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。 2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词 通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets V enus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets 就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely 的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。 3.通过构词法猜词 在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。 4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义 例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。 5.通过句法功能来推测词义 例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。 6.通过描述猜词 描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
高中英语阅读中的猜词技巧导学案 授课背景：近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对考生猜词悟义能力的考查。猜词悟义能力，即掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读中生词的干扰、降低生词率、提高阅读速度和理解能力是必不可少的，这是考生英语阅读理解能力的一个重要组成部分。这种不用词典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力是每一个考生所必须具备的能力。 授课目的：以高考题中出现的猜词题为载体使学生掌握高考中此类题型的出题规律和解题技巧：构词法(合成法，派生法及取头取尾法);语境法（释义描述法，同义关系法，对比关系法，因果关系法及经验常识法）。 常用的设问形式： 1. The word "it（them）"in the first paragraph refers to/means _____________． 2. The underlined word（phrase/ sentence）in the last paragraph means / refers to _____________． 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 阅读技巧—猜词（不查字典完成下面的导学案，你可以做到吗？） Ⅰ. 构词法类 1. Can you guess the chinese meaning of the following words? forget-me-not__________ baby-sitter __________ out-of-date computer________ outbreak of Bird Flu____________ …Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …What does the word “shoplifter” mean? A. A thief B. A guide in a shop C. the owner of a shop D. A porter (搬运工) 总结：你是使用构词法中哪种方法猜出来的？ 2. Can you guess the chinese meaning of the following words? mispronounce __________ nonsmoker ___________ widen __________ musician __________ 总结：你是使用构词法中哪种方法猜出来的？你还记得那些常见的前缀和后缀？(3-5个) 3. 写出下列单词的汉语意思，并说出他们是如何构成的？ Brunch __________ Smog __________ Chinglish ________ Smilence ____________ The Guardian(卫报)described the scene of a friend?s face buried in a screen as "a distinctly 21st—century problem”. A new word has been created to describe this—phubbing. It is the act of looking at your mobile phone instead of paying attention to others during a social interaction(互动交流).(2014 成都二诊C篇) What does the word “phubbing” mean? How is it made up of ?
2020年中考英语考前猜题卷（撞上中考题） （全卷共110分，考试时间100分钟） （本卷为2020徐州中考英语猜题卷，直击7月14日徐州中考英语考试，题目均根据《考试说明》和《徐州市中考全面出击》编写而成，选材新颖，阅读题量大，目的就是在于提醒孩子们：答题时务必平心静气，阅读理解得分关键在于问题的定位准确。期待此试卷能为孩子们明天考试带来好运！） 第I 卷（60分） 一．选择填空（本题共15小题，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。每小题1分，满分15分） 1.--Boys and girls, you’ve done well in your study over the past 3years. -- __________! A. Good luck B. Congratulations C. Information D. Expression 2.--I am hungry. Is there any bread in the fridge? --_______. But we have some cakes. Would you like to have one? A.Nothing B. No one C. Some D. None 3.--Who is suitable for the new chairperson of the Students’ Union? --David is. He is ______ enough to come up with new ideas. A.imaginative B. humorous C. modest D. outgoing 4.--The old man lived alone all his life and he a rainy winter evening. A. passed away in B. past away in C. passed away on D. past away on 5.--Steve is good at writing short stories. -- So he is. But he writes _______ than us. So he can’t get good grades in writing. A. most carefully B. more carefully C. less carefully D.least carefully 6.--Would you please tell me can you finish doing the work? --Maybe in a few weeks. A. How long B. How far C. How soon D. How often
高中英语阅读理解猜词题的解题技巧 摘要：本文针对高中阅读理解中的猜词题介绍了几种做题方法，并列举了一些实例进行了分析。 关键词：猜词题猜词义做题方法 在英语学习中，我们会遇到许多生词。这时，也不必立即翻阅字典。我们可以利用语境，根据前后词、句子、以及相关信息推测、判断生词的词义。 高中英语阅读理解题中，我们经常碰到猜测词义的题型。在做这类题时，我们可以利用以下一些方法： 一根据解释猜词义 在文章中，作者为了更好的表达思想，对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等要进行进一步的更明确的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，我们可以利用它们比较容易地猜出词义。 1、根据定义猜测词义 如果句子或段落是生词的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是词语的含义。例如：The rooster is the national emblem of France thanks to a wordplay: the Latin word meaning coq ,or rooster. rooster 其实是对coq解释，因此两者的意思都为cock。 2、根据同位语、定语猜测词义 虽然同位语、定语不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。例如，同位语in fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.此例中，我们不难看出an endangered wild cat是ocelot 的同位语，也不难看出ocelot的意思。在构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。又如Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day ,an extremely exciting horserace.从an exciting horserace ,towards the evening ,of the opening day 等判断，应该是首日的最后一场的压台戏出场了。需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i.e. 等副词或短语出现。在定语从句There are not many factories in Orkney, just two distilleries which make whisky and a few small …中,根据从句which make whisky 可以判断distillery 是a place where wine is made。 3、根据举例猜测词义 恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索，例如：his family took him ,as a boy,
丰台区D篇 朝阳区C篇 大兴区D篇 东城区C篇
房山区D篇 For example, when early humans were trying hard to live, the brain region（区域）which is in charge of using tools and finding food grew in size more than other regions. But in modern times, the prefrontal cortex（前额皮质）— the region in charge of social cognition (认知), moral judgments and goal-directed planning — grew more than the rest of the brain. 31. The words “in charge of” in Paragraph 6 probably mean “______”. A.similar to B. responsible for C. in need of D. with help of 海淀区D篇 This approach also prevents surprises. It's not uncommon to see someone suddenly removed from a team. They may have deserved it, but with a kind leader, they wouldn't have been caught-off-guard because they would have been receiving open, honest, continuous and clear judgment of their performance. 21.The expression "caught off-guard” in Paragraph 5 probably means " A. kicked out carelessly B. treated unexpectedly C. sent out unfairly D. guided effortlessly 密云D篇