高考英语阅读猜词
高考阅读理解训练之猜测语义
Test 1 There is no cure for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms(症状). (NMET2004湖北卷B篇) 61. What is ARICEPT？ A、A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s. B、A medicine to delay signs of aging. C、A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s.
D、A medicine to cure brain damage.
Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. (2004福建卷E篇) (1)According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. A. place in which you can see many mobile homes B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food 二．利用例证猜测语义某些阅读文章为了证实或说明某一观点，常会举一些例子，而且时时会用一些标志性语言或标点符号来引出，如：括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如for example, for instance, such as, and so on, just as, like, similarity 等连接词或词组。 eg. 1. You may borrow from the library any periodicals: Nature, News Week, Times and The listener. 2. Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles. Exercises: 1. Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their weapons and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads. 2. Apply an antiseptic, such as alcohol, on the skin. 3. In the corner there may be a Christmas tree with its branches decorated with shining ornaments such as colored lights and glass balls, and sometimes hung with gifts.
Test The largest player ?C Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental offers a wide variety of choices ?C--- deluxe sedans，minivans，station wagons，coaches，Santana sedans are the big favorite. (NMET2001全国A篇) 56 The words “deluxe sedans”，“minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refers to _______. A、cars in the making B、car rental firms C、cars for rent D、car makers 三．利用反义关系或同义关系推测语义（1）利用反义
关系推测语义有些生词的后面往往会出现一个或几个反义词，或者
表转折意义的连词，词组等，抓住这些可以帮助我们推断生词语义。标志词有 although, but, however, whereas(反
之),nevertheless(然而，不过)，on the contrary, in contrast （相对）, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, instead(of), rather than 等。（2）利用同义关系
推测语义通常情况下，英语忌讳实词重复。避免重复的方法之一是利用同义词或近义词加以代替。同义词替换的修饰方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。标志词有：or, like, similarly等。 eg.
1. 104 studies, involving 15,000 people is proving that optimism (乐观主义) can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness.
2. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is si milarly loquacious. Exercises: 1. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck remains grubby. 2. Unlike the United States, where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’s population is quite homogeneous.
3. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.
4. He replied quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision.
5. Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy(美味)，we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked.
Test 1 The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we knew that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy.(2004江苏卷E篇) （1） The underline d word “agony” in the last paragraph probably means_____. A. form B. condition C. pain D. sadness
Test 2 The hot-air balloon took off. It was buoyant in the air as a cork(软木塞) in water. （2）The word “buoyant” in this sentence most probably means______. A. able to be used B. able to move from one place to another C. able to float or rise to the surface D. able to carry anything 四．用语境猜测语义（1）利用“小”上下文推测词义，即利用生词附近的内容推断生词词义。如：I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I won’t give up easily. （2）利用“大”上下文推测词义，即利用距离生词较远的内容，如整个段落、篇章等来推断生词词义。
eg. Zip was stopped during the war and only after the war did it become popular. What a difference it has made to our lives! It keeps people at home much more. It has made the remote parts of the world more real to us. Photographs show a country, but only zip makes feel that a foreign country is real. Also we can see scenes in the street. Big occasions are zipped, such as the coronation(加冕典礼) in 1953 and the opening of Parliament. Perhaps the sufferers from zip are the notable people, who, as they step out of an airplane, have to face the battery of zip cameras and know that every movement, every gesture will be seen by a “zip personality”. Perhaps we can sympathize when Members of Parliament say that they do not want debates to be zipped.
Exercises:
1. When I got to the theatre, I was relieved to see that nobody was waiting inline. I was the first to get there and sure that
I could get the ticket without any problem.
Question: The underlined word “relieved” in the passage may best be replace by _____.
A. surprised
B. pleased
C. produced
D. sold
2. Apple trees may not grow as tall as twelve metres. They do best in areas that have very cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.
Question : The underlined word “yielded” in the last sentence means_____.
A. improved
B. increased
C. produced
D. sold
Test
These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices.
Green building means, “reducing the impact of the building on the land”, Taryn Holowka of the U.S. Green building council in Washington, D.C. said.
61. In the second paragraph, the underlined phrase “the building” most probab ly refers to ___.
A. an ordinary building
B. an energy-saving building
C. a green-colored building
D. a building in Washington, D.C. 五．利用构词法猜测语义
掌握前后缀规律，如un-, im-, in-, dis-, il-等前缀与-less等后缀可构成反义词；后缀-ful, -ly, -ism, -ness等可改换词性。而合成词要在正确理解两词的基础上，结合上下文把握两词之间的关系，猜测词义；而对词义的转化，也要求结合上下文来猜测。
eg. 1. Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the road
2. “Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes “the two share little about their innermost feelings…”
3. Impressionism is a form of art which began in the 1870s. When you look closely at an impressionist painting, you see little dots of different colored paints. When you move away from the picture, the dots of colors blends and the painting look like it has light playing on the people and objects in the picture. Test Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them? A form of favoritism will replace equality.(2004上海试C篇) （3）The word “favoritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that_____. A. bright children also need certification to get satisfying jobs B. children from
well-respected schools tend to have good jobs C. poor children with certification are favored in job markets D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success 六．因果关系猜测词义常见的因果信号词有：as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, since, consequently, so that,
so/such…that等。 eg. She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was to long. Exercises: 1. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. 2. He didn’t hear my knocking at the door because he was completely engrossed in TV. 3. It rained, so the football match was postponed. 4. The young man was so bashful that he didn’t speak to the pretty girl. 七. 利用文化背景、生活常识猜测词义运用逻辑推理能力，结合社会文化背景和自身的生活经验以及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，可以下正确猜出语义。 eg.
1. Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.
2. Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold weather. Exercises: 1.The driver tried to avert the accident by bringing the car to a sudden stop. 2. If a man feels very cold, he always
huddles himself up. 3. What could John expect? He had left his wet swimming trunks(游泳裤) in the dark closet for over a week. Of course they had begun to mildew. 4. A fish breathes in water with gills.
Test1 Mark got on the motorbike, I sat behind him on the pillion, and we roared off into the night. (1)The word “pillion” in this sentence probably means ______. A. an object used for sleeping B. a bay on which on can rest C. a seat for second person on a motorcycle D. a place for sitting
Test2 One of Britain’s bravest woman told yesterday how she helped to catch suspected police Killer David Bieber and was thanked with flowers by the police. It was also said she could be in line for a share of up to￡30,000 reward money. (2) The underlined phrase “be in line for”in paragraph 1 means ____.
A. get
B. be paid
C. ask for
D. own 八．熟词生义猜测熟词的陌生意义通常有三种情况：（1）该熟词在新的具体语境中有了和原来考生所熟悉的意义不同的意思；（2）考查一些代词的指代现象；（3）新词在新的语境中变换了词性。 eg. 1.The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service. 2. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life? 3. Many people work to keep animals from being killed. Some people help animals as part of their job, others do it just because they like animals. Question: In this paragraph, the word “their” refers to _____. A. some people B. some animals C. many people D. many animals 4．Time flies like an arrow, fruit flies like a banana. 思考：延伸到完形填空 Things were very bad that particular winter. Then a letter came from where her sewing machine was brought, announcing that they would have to pick up her machine the next day unless payments were brought up to date. I remember that when she read the letter I became
frightened. I could __41__ us starving go death and all sorts of things that could come to child’s mind. 41. A. suppose B. picture C. stand D. regret 附录：熟词有新义 1．fire vt. 解雇2．fine vt. 罚款3．fall n. 秋天4．wind vt. 使弯曲前进或迂回、蜿蜒 5．lay vt. 下蛋、产卵6．spring n. 泉水、弹簧、弹力；vt. 跳跃 7．mine n. 矿山；vt. 开采（矿物）8．can n. 罐头9．bear vt. 忍受10．stand vt. 忍受课后思考还有哪些熟词生义的例子：高考实战训练：
2003北京春招B篇 As you move around your home, take a good look at the things you have. It is likely that your living room will have a television set and a video, and your kitchen a washing machine and a microwave oven. Your bedroom drawers will be filled with almost three times as many clothes as you need. You almost certainly own a car and possibly a home computer, holiday abroad at least once a year and eat out at least once a week.
高中英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧 Teaching Design Date: 2014—11—15 Topic: How to guess unknown words and expressions in reading comprehension. Students: Class 4 Grade 3 Teacher: Lai Ruiwen 一教学分析 1.教学内容简述 该课是一堂专项阅读训练课，具体介绍在高中英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧。“猜测词句意义”题型在高考阅读中占有一定的份量，每年的高考题中有2-3题，也就是每篇阅读基本上有1题，占了一定的份量。而我们学生在这方面的技能显得薄弱，猜词能力比较差，猜词没有具体的系统的方法，因此，针对此题型的训练就显得很有必要。在必要时，做些语法分析，通过词与词的关系，确定其词性；有时根据常识和生活经验或构词法知识，完全可以对那些从未见过的生词的词义作出正确的推测。做这种题时，特别要注意的是，对于那些我们熟悉的词千万不要妄自、草率下结论，一定要结合上下文判断它在文中的意思。 2 教学对象分析 高三的学生到了高三下学期，积累了一定的词汇量，具备了一定的语篇分析能力，通过一定的练习，掌握了一些阅读理解解题技巧，但是学生普遍基础薄弱，句子分析能力差，不知道联系上下文，阅读能力实属一般，很多同学甚至都是凭感觉在做题，并无系统的解题方法。因而，希望通过此节课使学生的阅读理解能力有所提高。 二．教学目标分析 1. Knowledge and skills: (1)Enable Ss to know the basic questions patterns in NMET reading comprehension. (2)Help Ss basically know how to guess the word meaning in reading. (3)Help Ss improve some related reading skills. 2. Process and methods (1) 通过具体的例子引入这节课的话题，介绍其在高考中所占的比重和考查形式。使其重视这一部分内容的学习。 （2）通过归纳总结的方式找出猜词题的解题技巧。教师强调重难点，最后再通过练习巩固技巧。最终使得学生自己学会分析问题解决问题。 3 Emotional skills (1) Make Ss become more confident in Reading. (2) Enable Ss to enjoy reading. 三. Teaching emphasis and difficulties: Guess the word or expressions according to the context clues. 四Teaching methods: Summarizing, practicing, co—operation and interaction. 五：Teaching aids:
I am Carlos. I am from America, but I love Italian food. I have to take the orders and serve the food. I have two free evenings a week. But I always have to work on Friday and Saturday evenings when the restaurant is busy. The wages are not good, but I am nice to customers so I get a lot of tips. I am permanent so I get holiday pay --- three weeks a year. I go back to America and I see my family. There I don't have to serve food --- my mother serves me! 21. Carlos is a ____________. A. big restaurant owner B. chef C. waiter 22. Carlos loves ____________ food. A. Italian B. British C. American 23. Carlos works ____________. A. in the daytime B. in the evenings C. at lunchtime 24. The restaurant is usually busy ____________. A. on Friday and Saturday afternoons B. on Friday and Saturday evenings C. every day 25. Carlos gets ____________. A. holiday pay B. no tips from the customers C. good wages 答案： 21.C; 22.A; 23.B; 24.B; 25.A Xiaoyan: I'd like to do some exercise today. Is there a swimming pool near here? Polly: Yes, there are two actually. Xiaoyan: Where are they? Polly:There is the Springfield Pool just behind the shops and there's the New Street Pool further away. That one is much better. Xiaoyan: What's it like? Polly:Well, it has two pools. One is Olympic standard and the other is smaller but much warmer. It is really for children, but I go in there when I am cold. It has a sauna and a really
高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧 1.利用定义或解释(definition or explanation) Signal words: means, refers to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is , that is to say, 定语从句…..etc. 举例： Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）, or young leaves of trees.(B) The word "pruning" means______ A. Regular cutting（修剪）of the plants B. Frequent watering C. Regular use of chemicals D. Growing the plants high in the mountain 2.利用普通常识和经验(common sense or experience) 举例： 1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today． "ocelot" means _________________(an endangered wild cat) 2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short. "adolescence" means___________(The period between childhood and adulthood) 3.利用同义/同位语(similarity/appositive) Signal words：for example ，for instance，such as ，like，as---as，etc. 举例： The largest player –Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists. (C) The words "deluxe sedans," "minivans" and "station wagons" used in the text refer to ____. A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers 4.利用举例(from examples) Signal words: as, like, the same as，unlike, but，however, on the contrary, while,instead…ect. 举例： 1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘）with the wind like feathers. 2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends. 5.利用比较或对比(comparison or contrast) (1)Overwork may cause diseases. over（过分的、过量的）＋work＝overwork“工作过度”。 (2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes. dis “不”+ satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied “不满意的”。 6.利用构词法(Word formation)：前缀、后缀、复合、派生等 举例： 1. Is he intelligent or stupid? 2. Most women in Ghana--- the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the
专题复习： 关于阅读理解中的猜词悟义题 近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对考生猜词悟义能力的考查，猜测词悟义的能力，即掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读中生词的干扰、降低生词率、提高阅读速度和理解能力是必不可少的，这是考生英语阅读理解能力的一个重要组成部分。这种不用词典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力是每一个考生所必须具备的能力。这类题主要考查考生对文中的重点词句的理解，要求考生对文章中的个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或推测其义。 常用的问题形式： 1. He underlined word（phrase）in the passage means ________________． 2. The word "it（them）"in the first paragraph refers to _____________． 3. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _____________． 4. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 5. What does（do）the underlined word（words）refer to？ 6. According to the passage, ―…‖ probably means ______________. 7. The author uses the word ―…‖ to mean __________. 8. The underlined word/phrase/team ―…‖means ______________. 9. The word ―…‖ in paragraph …refers to __________. 10. What does ―…‖ in the second paragraph stands for? 11. The sentence ―…‖ means _______________. 例如: Apple trees may grow as tall as 12 metres and they grow best in areas that have cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree. The underlined word ― yielded‖ most probably means__________. A. sold B. bought C. improved D. produced Another source of knowledge is the vast store of traditional practices handed down form father to son, or mother to daughter, of old country customs, of folklore. All this is very difficult for a college student to examine, for much knowledge and personal experience is needed here to separate good plants form wild grass. The college student should learn to realize and remember how much of real value science has found in this wide, confused wilderness and how often scientific discoveries of what had existed in this area long ago. In this paragraph the phrase ―this wide, confused wilderness‖ refers to _________. A. personal experience B. wild weeds among good plants C. the information from the parents D. the vast store of traditional practices 猜词悟义方法： 一、针对性解释 针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂
英语阅读课程小结 第一篇：英语阅读课程小结看选项之后的 第一步就是排除，比较典型的排除干扰选项的方法有：1）用同性元素来排除2）用错误选项的典型特征排除：a）所述 和原文相反；b）无中生有；c）和常识一致，却和文中科学论述相悖；d）是原文不严谨的改写或推理；e）违背常理；f） 语气极端过于绝对正确选项的特征——原文改写一、最常见的原文改写的方法是词性变换，同义词、同义词组的替换，这些变化往往体现了选项与原文之间的文字与文字之间的精确的对应二、原文改写还有一种很普遍的方式就是句式和表达法的转换三、如果题干出现与原文某处的强对比关系词，则答案也应当对原文所述取反，这种原文与选项之间反义替换，也是文字对应的一种细节题的命题规律及解题方法一、列举处常考列 举处是指用first(ly)，second(ly)，third(ly)，finally；not only…but also；then；in addition；further more；moreover；above all；on one hand… on the other hand 等表示顺承关系的词语列举出的事实。要求考生从列举出的内容中，选出符合题干要求的答案项。该考点常出题型是“细节事实题”。二、例证处常考为了使自己的观点更有说服力、 更加明确，作者经常用具体的例子打比方，句中常用由as，such as，for example，for instance，take…as an example等引导的短语或句子作为例证，这些例句或比喻就成 为命题者提问的焦点。三、转折对比处常考一般而言，转折 后的内容常常使语义的重点，命题者常对转折处的内容进行提问。转折一般通过however，but，yet，in fact等词语来引
Group1 1）They described him as a loon, or a mad man. His father is an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language. 2）It will be very hard but also very brittle, that is, it will break easily. 3）In your spare time, you may look through any of these periodicals : Time Magazine, News Week, or The New Worker. 4）Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. Group2 1）If you agree, draw a circle; and a cross if you dissent. 2）He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated . 3）In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. 4）Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the thing. Group3 1) It’s said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world. 2）That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. 3) Tom can’t play tennis now because he can’t find his w hite sneakers. 4) The vixen was not as fortunate as her mate, and was caught in the trap. Her red fur would bring a good price. One more skill 1) Overwork may cause diseases. 2）There was a dissatisfied look in the manager’s eyes. 3）Don't listen to his nonsense. 4）Jason is a language specialist. 1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said.“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms.And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. A.growing interest in organic food B.better quality of organic food C.rising market for organic food D.higher prices of organic food 2.(2003年全国卷，C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. A.To encourage people to raise questions. B.To cause difficulty in understanding. C.To provide a person with an explanation. D.To limit people's imagination. 3.(2006年福建卷，A篇) The schools are reluctant to take time off--even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.
高中英语阅读中的猜词技巧导学案 授课背景：近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对考生猜词悟义能力的考查。猜词悟义能力，即掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读中生词的干扰、降低生词率、提高阅读速度和理解能力是必不可少的，这是考生英语阅读理解能力的一个重要组成部分。这种不用词典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力是每一个考生所必须具备的能力。 授课目的：以高考题中出现的猜词题为载体使学生掌握高考中此类题型的出题规律和解题技巧：构词法(合成法，派生法及取头取尾法);语境法（释义描述法，同义关系法，对比关系法，因果关系法及经验常识法）。 常用的设问形式： 1. The word "it（them）"in the first paragraph refers to/means _____________． 2. The underlined word（phrase/ sentence）in the last paragraph means / refers to _____________． 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 阅读技巧—猜词（不查字典完成下面的导学案，你可以做到吗？） Ⅰ. 构词法类 1. Can you guess the chinese meaning of the following words? forget-me-not__________ baby-sitter __________ out-of-date computer________ outbreak of Bird Flu____________ …Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …What does the word “shoplifter” mean? A. A thief B. A guide in a shop C. the owner of a shop D. A porter (搬运工) 总结：你是使用构词法中哪种方法猜出来的？ 2. Can you guess the chinese meaning of the following words? mispronounce __________ nonsmoker ___________ widen __________ musician __________ 总结：你是使用构词法中哪种方法猜出来的？你还记得那些常见的前缀和后缀？(3-5个) 3. 写出下列单词的汉语意思，并说出他们是如何构成的？ Brunch __________ Smog __________ Chinglish ________ Smilence ____________ The Guardian(卫报)described the scene of a friend?s face buried in a screen as "a distinctly 21st—century problem”. A new word has been created to describe this—phubbing. It is the act of looking at your mobile phone instead of paying attention to others during a social interaction(互动交流).(2014 成都二诊C篇) What does the word “phubbing” mean? How is it made up of ?
高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧 猜测词义，是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。英语词语的意义非常丰富，语境不同，词义也就不同。所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。 I.根据上下文语境进行猜测 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。如： 例1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said，“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business 62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words are used in the text？ A.growing interest in organic food B.better quality of organic food C.rising market for organic food D.higher prices of organic food 例2.(2003年全国卷,C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. 65.Which of the following best exp lains the meaning of the word “baffle” as used in the text？ A.To encourage people to raise questions. B.To cause difficulty in understanding. C.To provide a person with an explanation. D.To limit people's imagination. 例3.If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him. A. drunk B. sweating C. happy D. mistaken 练习：1.A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. 2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing. 3. All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake. 4. For people who live within a stone’s throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable. 5. The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles. （二）根据定义或解释猜测词义 有些阅读文章，尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的有些生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in other
大学英语四六级阅读猜词技巧解读 在英语学习中，我们自然会遇到许多生词。这时，许多人立即翻阅字典，查找词义。其实，这种做法是不科学的。它不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。我们可以利用语境(各种已知信息)推测、判断某些生词的词义。猜测词义时，可利用以下线索：一、针对性解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。1、根据定义猜测词义如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。【例一】anthropology is the scientific study of man.由定义可知，anthropology就是"研究人类的科学"。【例二】In slang the term "jam" constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.同样，从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是"困境"。定义句的谓语动词多为：be， mean， deal with， be considered， to be， refer to， be called， be known as， define， represent， signify，constitute等。2、根据复述猜测词义虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。1)同位语【例一】Semantics， the study of the meaning of words， is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
英语阅读中的猜词技巧：阅读是一个综合概念, 其能力的强弱关系到读者充足的词汇量、语言知识及背景知识。但是, 只有这些知识, 还不能顺利完成阅读任务。本文侧重对英语阅读中猜测技巧进行论述和介绍, 以求帮助学生提高阅读速度和理解能力。 大学英语教学大纲指出: 大学英语教学的目的是培养学生具有较强的阅读能力。!阅读是一个综合概念, 其能力的强弱关系到读者充足的词汇量、语言知识及背景知识。但是, 只有这些知识, 还不能顺利完成阅读任务。面对不同题材、不同话题, 我们即使已经掌握了上万个词汇量, 在阅读中, 还自然会遇到许多生词, 查阅字典固然是一种方法, 但我们不能也不可能每遇到一个生词就去查字典, 它不仅费时费力, 而且影响阅读速度和兴趣, 特别是在各类英语考试或竞赛中, 更不可能用此方法解决。理解词义是培养理解能力的首要基本功。我们除了平时下大力气来学习词汇外, 还要掌握阅读中猜测生词和理解词义的方法和技巧。 笔者根据几年的教学实践, 针对英语教学中猜词技巧的训练, 提出几点体会, 以求帮助学生提高阅读速度和理解能力。 一、弄清词形和词性 文章是由词组成的。弄清词性是理解词义的基本常识, 对于大体理解文章至关重要。一般而言, 名词, 充当主语、宾语或表语, 通常表示人或物,或某种抽象概念; 动词, 一般充当谓语, 表示某种行为; 形容词, 一般充当表语或定语成分, 表示性质、属性、大小、颜色等限定性特征; 副词, 通常充当状语, 修饰形容词或副词, 表示频率或程度; 介词, 除从属或固定搭配外, 多半跟时间、地点词组搭配。再者, 英语的词性往往可以从词尾来判断, 如具有- ica,l - fu,l - ous等词尾的词往往是形容词; 具有- ness, - ion, - ity等词尾的词绝大部分是名词。另一方面, 词性及其在句子中的作用, 常可由它前后的标志词!来判断, 如if in to, from, with 等介词和名词、代词组成短语; if when, unt il等可能引出从句; a，its等词后面往往是名词; can,may, must migh t等词后面一般是动词。 例如: 1. Cheryl Spanger suffers from HIV, staying at home for nearly 3 years.Cheryl Spanger和HIV 都可判断其名词, Ch ery l Spanger处在主语地位,HIV 处于宾语位子, 有谓语动词suffers from和staying at home可推断CherylSpanger是指人, 同时也可由su ffers from 可推断H IV是某种疾病或痛苦, 句子就可理解完整了。 2. He shed from the award ceremony andwatch ed itonTV at the back of thegymn asium.Shed 在句中处于谓语地位, 表示主语所发出的某种行为, 根据整句意思, 大体推测其意为离开!, 句子就可大致理解过关了。 3. If you practice speak ing Eng lish con sistently, you. llmak e i.tCons is ten tly是副词, 修饰practice, 表示p ract ice的程度, 句子就可轻松理解过关。 4. Because of th is posit ive method, I eagerly an swered all th e quest ion s.Pos it ive 是形容词, 表示某种性质情况, 根据上下文即可推测其义为好的!这方面的意思, 这与其确切含义积极的、正面的!十分接近, 句子就可顺利理解过关。 二、利用构词法猜测生词
(全国ID) If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll clam up. Instead, let him attempt to solve （解决）things by himself. At the same time, remind him that you’re always there for him should he seek advice or help. 69. What does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. become excited B. show respect C. refuse to talk D. seek help (全国IIA) I know what you’re thinking: pizza (比萨饼)? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night’s leftovers in the a. m. if you want to. … I say, try heating up last night’s leftovers-it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow,” I put away the leftovers ins tead of eating more that night. 41. The word “leftovers” in Paragrap h 1 probably means__________. A.food remaining after a meal B. things left undone C. meals made of vegetables D. pizza topped with fruit (全国IIB) For men, getting married saves an hour of housework a week. “It’s a well-known pattern,” said lead researcher Frank Stafford at University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research. “Men usually work more outside the home, while women take on more of the housework.” 45. According to the “well-known pattern” in Paragraph 1, a married man___________. A. takes on heavier work B. does more housework C. is the main breadwinner D. is the master of the house (天津A)Societies all over the world name places in similar ways. Quite often there is no official naming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference by people. Then an organized body steps in and gives the place a name. Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits die hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost. 37. What does the underlined phrase “die hard” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Change suddenly. B. Change significantly. C. Disappear mysteriously. D. Disappear very slowly. (四川C) July 21st, 2007 was a typical English summer’s day — it rained for 24 hours! As usual, I rushed home from work at midday to check on the house. Nothing was amiss. By the time I left work at 5 pm, however, the road into our village was flooded. Our house had never been flooded but, as I opened the front door, a wave of water greeted me. Thank God the kids weren’t wit h me, because the house was 5 feet deep in water. We lost everything downstairs. And the plaster had to be torn off the walls, ceilings pulled down. 45. What does the underlined word “amiss” in the first paragraph mean?