新东方大学英语四级强化班——书面表达
四级作文评分方法
?五级评分制：2、5、8、11、14分
?注意字数适中
?用不同单词表达不同意思
如何打动评卷人
?文章的整体脉络清晰
?段落的衔接畅顺
?用词造句经典
?书写美观
英文写作的基本常识
?清晰的结构
1)观点鲜明的开头
2)紧扣主题的结尾
3)由主题句引导的衔接自然的中间段落
?统一的中心
?自然的衔接：逻辑关系显性化
1)重复词：概括；直接；齐头
2)序数词
3)关联词：递进；转折；因果
平时如何提高写作
阅读四级阅读理解文章等等
背诵18篇优秀四级作文
看电影——阿甘正传、狮子王、老友记30遍
图表类
?特点：有图——趋势透，字数少
?段落安排：
第一段：趋势（变化）
第二段：分析变化的原因
第三段：自己的看法和感想
?正文：
第一段：
1.如图所示
a)As we can see from the chart/graph/table/diagram, ……
b)The…display that standing the ……carefully, we can see.
c)The chart/graph shows/displays that……
d) As can be shown in the table ……, e) It is clear/apparent from the chart/table that 2.
比例 a) B has the largest percentage/proportion of ……. b) ……account(s) for/take(s) up 10%. c) On the top of the list is ……, which accounts for 60%. d) At the bottom is ……,which accounts for 10%. e) A is ranked/rated first, followed by B at 30% and C at 25%. 3.
增长与下降 a) The number of ……increased/rose suddenly/rapidly/dramatically （戏剧地）/substantially （实质的）/considerably/sharply/steeply （险峻地） from 1990 to 2000. b) There was a sudden/rapid/dramatic/substantial/considerable/sharp/steep increase/ rise in the number of …… from 1990 to 2000. c) The number of ……increased/rose steadily （稳定地）/gradually （逐渐地）/slowly/slightly from 1990 to 2000. d) There was a steady/gradual/slow/slight increase/ rise in the number of …… from 1990 to 2000. e) 下降：decrease/fall/drop ；a decrease/drop/reduction/decline in the number of …… 4.
达到某点 a) The situation/figures reached /hit a peak/high at 60% in ……. The situation/figures peaked at 60% in ……. b) The situation/figures bottomed out at 20% in ……. The situation/figures hit a trough at 20% in ……. 5. 倍数
a) A is twice/three/four times what it was in 1990.
A is twice/three/four times the amount in 1990.
A is twice/three/four times as much/many as ……in 1990.
b) The figure was roughly doubled/tripled/quintupled between 1990 and 2000.
c) .percent 15by percent 15 to total the of percent 10 to 5 from up shot jumped rose increased it 2002,In ?????????????
???????????
d) .percent 15by percent 15 to percent 5 to 10 from fell dropped decreased it 1990, with comparison
By ??
?????????????????? e) https://www.doczj.com/doc/a214549092.html,st of that against as with compared as with compared tripled doubled than more almost nearby has population number percentage figure T he ??
???????????????????????????
???????????
f) . with compared ,six times twice times half a and two about than more almost decreased increased
dropped has It ????
?????????????????????????
??? g) 1990. of that as much as half times 4twice is percentage number T he ??
?????????????? h) .
1990years few past the years 5recent the in percentage 50 of average an percentage 50plateau a of something risen to approached reached has It ??
????????????????????????????
第二段：As … the number of … 动词+副词 during …
As … early as 数字，the number was ……, then …… it because
????
??????????for e responsibl be cause in result to contribute clead changes Such What factors Several ……列举
1. First ……, second ……, last （in addition ）
2. For one thing, ……, for another thing , ……, what ’s more ……On one
hand , ……, on the other hand , more over, ……
Therefore all these reasons ……the changes.
第三段：总结：Hence from the ……???坏：终止好：发扬
喊口号：①It is high time that +一般过去时
②Only through ……can we ……只有……我们才能……
③??
??
?mind in saying following the bear should We remark person great One goes saying the As
+名人名言 ? 操辞：
? 上升：rise , increase , go up , boon , rocket
? 下降：decrease , reduce , come down , on the decline
? 快速：rapidly , dramatically , sharply （锐）
? 慢：slowly , gradually
二选一类
特点：给出两个观点
段落安排：
第一段：
1) 引出将要评论的事物或者观点；
2) 提出第一种观点；
3) 本观点支持性分论点。
第二段：
1) 承上启下；
2) 提出第二种观点；
3) 本观点支持性分论点。
第三段：我的观点
正文：
第一段：
1) 引言：
i. In recent years, with fast economic growth, ……have appeared in many families in
China.
??
?????.on nswers pectives/a views/pers different have/offer will people Different . ...... whether to as question on the divided are People
widely. varies ...... the towards attitude s People' 近年来，伴随着经济的快速发展，……在中国很多的家庭中出现了。人们对……
有着不同的观点。
ii.
With the increase in the general standard of living, some ordinary Chinese families
begin to afford a …….Yet,??????????????sharply. differs cont rary. t he of quit e is dely great ly/w i varies it t ow ard at t it ude public person. person t o from vary of opinions s people' 伴随着人们生活水平的提高，一些中国家庭开始能够买……。但是，人们对……
的观点是不同的。
iii. ????????????????????????????????????????????非常有兴趣热情巨大的需求有越来越对越来越多的关注普遍的信条普遍的信条越来越大的趋势in interest deep/keen
//sth.sb. sb. among sth.for husiasm demand/ent eat growing/gr of/that awareness neral growing/ge of/that n recognitio wide -tion growing/na in/that belief seated -ep general/de to/in/that tendency growing a is there
Recently Currently Nowadays
iv. Ever since early this century,……has become an essential （本质的） part of our modern
life.……is the driving force behind the swift （迅速的） progress of industry, agriculture,
science and technology. Nobody can deny that the development of our civilization
depends on ……. 自从本世纪初夜，……已经成为现代生活的一个重要部分。……
是工业、农业和科技飞速发展的动力。没有人能够否认人类文明的发展依赖于……。
v. The issue of ……has been widely argued/debated （争论） currently.
关于是否……的问题，如今公众已经展开了广泛的讨论。
vi. ……has become a hot/popular topic among people recently. Opinions vary from person
to person.
……已经成为人们谈论的热门话题，不同的人对此有不同的看法。
vii. There is a public/general/much debate/discussion/controversy （论战） today/nowadays
about/on/upon/over/as to the problem/issue of …….
关于……的问题，公众已经展开了讨论。
viii. There is an argument/much disagreement/no consensus of opinions among people
concerning/over/as to/on …….
关于……，人们的看法不尽相同。
2) There is no consensus of opinion among people as to the view of ……
i. Some people believe/argue/say/maintain/advocate （提倡）/advise/hold/claim/think
that …… .
一些人认为……
ii. It is widely/generally/commonly/universally thought/believed/accepted/held that …….
To the general/public/poplar mind, …….
人们通常认为……
iii. Those who criticize/oppose to/object to ……argue that …….
那些反对……的人认为……。
分论点
i. There are several advantages in/of …….The fist/biggest one is that …….
……有很多的优点。其中第一个/最大的好处是……。
ii. ……has appositive impact/influence/effect on people’s lives.
……对人类的生活起到了积极的影响。
iii. Most people would agree that there can be no substitute for ……. They say
that …….Besides, they assert, ……
大多数人认为……是不可替代的。他们认为……。另外他们还认为……。
iv. Another attraction about ……is that ……
另外关于……的另一个优点是……。
v. Moreover, one of the advantages of …… is that ……
另外，……的另一个优点是……。
vi. The most important advantage of …… is that ……
……最重要的优点是……。
vii. We must not lose sight of the fact that there are advantages to ……. More importantly,
there can be no substitute for …….
我们不应当不注意到……有这样的优点。更重要的是，……是不可替代的。
viii. For one thing ……for another thing ……What ……we can take it for granted that ……
第二段：
1) 承上启下
i. effects.
e ms/negativ ges/proble disadvanta own their brings they ,advantages the all For o
f spite In Despite ??
???
即使有其优点，但是它们仍然有自身的缺陷。
ii.However, like anything else, they also have their own weakness/limits/negative effects.
和其它事物一样，它们也有着自身的缺点。
iii.However, they are not without shortcomings/faults.
但是它们并不是没有缺点的。
iv.Of course, the disadvantages can not be ignored.
当然，缺点也是不能忽视的。
v.However, just as every thing has two sides, ……also has many drawbacks.
但是正如每个事物都有两面性一样，……也有很多缺点。
vi.Yet others speak of the problems of ……have brought. They complain that…….
但是还有人在谈论它所带来的……问题。他们抱怨……。
vii.However, ……may also bring with it problems our society had not previously faced.
但是，……也有一些我门未曾遇到的问题。
viii.Despite the increase in efficiency and convenience generated by ……,the changes they bring could very well lead to potentially adverse consequences.
抛却……所产生的效率和方便，它们所引发的变化也许会导致潜在的不良后果。ix.This may be so, but it must be pointed out that ……also that has its drawbacks.
这也许是这样（有好处），……自身的缺陷也应当被指出。
x.However, ……may also cause/bring about/lead to/result in/contribute to some problems.
但是，……依然会带来一些问题。
2)第二种观点
i.（However a coin has two side）On the contrary , some others
think/believe/argue/emphasis/claim/maintain……because……,besides……
ii.However, the negative aspects are also apparent/obvious/evident. To begin with, …….To make matters worse, …….Worst of all, …….
然而，不足之处也是显而易见的。首先，…。更糟糕的是，……。最后……。iii.The side effects ……has exerted on human beings can be boiled down to several major ones as follows. First, …….Second, …….In addition, …….
……对人类所产生的副作用归纳起来有以下几个方面。其一，……。其二，……。
此外，……
第三段：
1)As far as I am concerned the former point of view coincides with mine. From what has
been discussed above, we may easily draw the conduction that……
2)Unquestionably, the challenge of ……means we all should consider how we can
control them, so that they well not control us.
毫无疑问，……的挑战意味着我们应该思考怎样控制它们而不是被它们控制。
3)Whether the ……are a blessing or a curse is a difficult question to answer, yet the
desire for the comfort and independence ……can bring will not be eliminated.
……究竟是一个祝福还是诅咒是一个很难回答的问题，但是它所产生的舒适和对立是不会被忽视的。
4)Anyway/Anyhow/In any case, whether the effect is good or bad, one thing is certain: it
has changed and will continue to change the way of our entertainment, our leisure and our life.
总之，不管是好还是坏，可以确定的是：它已经并且还将改变我们的娱乐、读家
和生活方式。
5)Given the choice between these two methods of ……, I prefer ……. This is because I am the sort of person who finds it difficult to concentrate on …….
在……两者之间做一个选择，我会选……。这是因为我是这样的一种人，我发现要专注于……是很困难的。
6)……, I feel, is the only one in which most people feel comfortable applying all their energies to the all-important task of …….
我认为……是唯一的（一种方式），从而人们在把精力投入到很重要的事情……上的时候会觉得很舒适。
7)There is no doubt in my mind that A nowadays is a far better way to ……than B.
毫无疑问，我认为现在对于做……A是比B更好的方式。
8)In my opinion, the advances made in ……recently have made ……obsolete.
我认为，最近……方面的进步使得……过时了。
9)Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach/draw/come to conclusion that…….
考虑到所有这些因素，我们得出结论……。
10)Al reliable evidences point to one saying/reflect one fact, that is …….
将所有可靠的因素归结为一点就是……。
11)For the reasons presented/stated above, I strongly commit to the notion that …….
从上面提到的原因，我强烈地支持这样的概念是……。
12)While it is true that the argument I disagree hold a little bit of water, I think that …….
有一个事实是，虽然我不支持的论点也有一些优点，但是我还是认为……。13)Therefore/So/Hence/Thus, it is safely to draw the conclusion that…….
于是我们得出结论……。
14)To put all into a nutshell, I …….
综上所述，我……。
15)In my opinion, it is wise to support the statement that it is better to …… .
我认为，最好同意……的论点是明智的。
16)From my point of view, it is wise to chooses A rather than B.
从我的观点来看，选择A而不是选择B将更加明智。
17)At the risk of addressing the issue too direct, the advantages of A outweigh that of B.
请原谅我说得直接一些，A的优点要大于B的优点。
18)There are different views as to/concerning this topic. In my part, I would like to vote for …… .
关于这样一个论题有各种各样的观点，就我个人而言，我倾向于同意……。19)As far as I am concerned, I have a preference for A over B.
就我个人的观点来看，我选择A而不是B。
20)Both patterns of ……present advantages and disadvantages, however, …….
以上两种情况都有优缺点，然而……。
21)Certainly, I am aware of that both methods have shortcomings, nevertheless, from my point of view, I am for/vote for …….
确切地来说两种情况都有一些缺陷，然而从我的观点来看，我倾向于……。22)The advantages claimed for A over B are4 now being doubted/debated. Nonetheless, measure for measure , I confess that B is more advantages.
A 要优于
B 的观点越来越受到质疑，经过左右权衡，我认为B 拥有更多的优点。
23) The advantages of A carry more weight than those of B.
A 的优点大于
B 的优点。
24) In my point of view, A is as important as, if not more important than, B. so it is
sagacious to choose A.
从我的观点来看，A 和B 一样重要，如果不是更重要的话。所以选择A 是比较明
智的。
25) No doubt, I prefer A, since there are too many benefits that outnumber its disadvantages
of not choosing it. But B, on the other had, has advantages no more than its disadvantages.
毫无疑问我
选择A ，因为A 的益处大大超过了不选择它的缺点，现饭B 的缺点要大于它的好处。
26) As to me, I think the merits outweigh/carry more weight than the demerits.
我认为利大于弊。
27) But for me, I think what is more important is its positive side.
但就我而言，我认为它积极的一面更加重要。
28) The advantages of/derived from …… far outweigh/are much greater than the
disadvantages/problems …… entails.
……的优点远远多于它所引发的问题。
阐释类
特点：提纲比较随意；与前两类文章有千丝万缕的关系
文章分类：举现象、说原因、谈感受、论影响
举现象
单举：For example / For instance / a case in point / take an example for
多举：1. For example ……next to ……further more ……
2. For example ……and ……also ……even ……
3. For example ……besides ……
论影响：The inspect / effect / influence （harm ）of rumor has become more them obvious
at that moment . For one thing ……for another thing ……
Recently the phenomenon has 引起了关注 / …… become a hot topic among
people recently / Nowadays,…has become a problem we face.
解决问题：The key factor to solve this problem is …… / There is no immediate solution to
the issue of ……, but ……might be helpful.
正文：
第一段：引出话题
1) .concern attention public aroused draws it ,threatened influenced seriously has it As . is today society nation our troubling headaches biggest g
confrontin problem biggest facing question burning the of One ?
???????????????????????
?????????????????? 当前我国/我们社会所面临的最棘手的问题是……。由于它已经严重影响了……，
所以也引起了公众的关注。
2) .attention general concern public drawn aroused has of problem phenomenon T he .
1990 e with/sinc mpared against/co as viewers T V teenagers graduates college four of out one quarters -one than more of percent 10 than less that indicates shows report official an Recently,?
????????????????????????????
???????????????????）（ 最近有一项官方报告表明，有至少百分之十/超过四分之一/四分之一的大学毕业生
/年轻人/看电视的人……（和1990年相比）。……现象已经引起了公众的关注。
3) Nowadays, …… has become a problem we have to face.
如今……已经成为我们必须面临的问题。
4) Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about the problem …… .
现在越来越多的人开始关注……的问题。
5) Once in a newspaper, I hit upon/came across a report that …….
我曾经在报纸上看到一篇关于……的报道。
6) Recently, the issue/problem/question of …… has been brought into focus/brought to public attention/posed among public attention.
最近……问题已经成为人们关注的焦点。
7) In recently years, many cities/nations/people have been faced/troubled with the serous
problem of …….
在最近几年里，很多城市/国家/人已经面临……问题/受到……的干扰。
8) Nowadays, more and more people come to realize/be aware of the importance of …….
越来越多的人开始意识到……的重要性。
9) It undeniable/There is no denying the fact that …… has become the utmost concern
among people nowadays.
不可否认，……已经成为人们最关注的问题。
10) Recently, the rise in the phenomenon of …… has drawn/aroused/captured world wide
attention.
最近……现在日益增多已经引起了全世界的注意。
第二段：细节论证
1. 分析原因
i.
. that is cause factor ng contributi important .Another that is causes primary
factors common most the of One problem. the to lead to e countribut could causes factors Several of number A ????????????????????????????????????????
ii. mentioned emphasized stressed be should one ...,for people by identified offered cited given resons important convincing most the Among ?????????????
?????????????????
在人们所提出的对……最重要/有说服力的原因当中，有一点值得强调……。
iii. ...o reaction t to response of result of sign a as phenomenon increase trend the of think
view
see regard may One ?????????????????????????????????????? 这个趋势/增长/现象应当被看成是……的一种象征/结果。
iv. ????????????????????????????????
???????????factors several ..fact that. the to le attributab to owing to due is /from arises from results partly largely mainly in...success failure change increase T he ……的增长/改变/失败/成功的主要/部分原因是这样的……。
v. deeper.far go phenomenon problem for the roots causes but the ...,for ...criticize blame may We ?
????????????????? 我们应当在……方面批评……，但这个问题的产生是有更深层次的原因的。
vi. Finally....Second......First..in e/increase nge/declin growth/cha ary extraordin t significan marked dramatic for this reasons causes of variety
a of number a several
different many are T here ??????????????????????????????????????
产生这个显著/非凡增长/变化/下降的原因有很多。一、…… vii. in...t developmen failure success decrease increase change the influence
in result to
lead to contribute for account towards conspire could factors of multitude number A ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 导致该变化/上升/下降/成功/失败/发展的因素有很多。
viii. of...is...cause factor ry contributo
ng contributi Another ???????????? 产生……的另一个因素是……。
ix. ... is this to ng contributi part a playing Also ?
?????
另一个因素是……。
x. is...reason important most main primary the Perhaps ...is Another another,For ...is reason One thing,one For ?...did do
are Why ?????????????????????????????
??? 为什么……？首先……。其次……。也许最重要/首要的原因是……。
xi. in...decrease increase
rise for the e responsibl chiefly solely mainly partly also is ...??????????????
?????????????? ……是导致……增长/下降的另一个/部分/主要/唯一的原因。
xii. fact... in the found are lie they probably perhaps maybe and profound
d complicate
many varied for...are cause reasons T he ???????????????????????????????????? 产生……的原因是众多的，也许它们存在于这样的事实……之中。
xiii. i for...cause reason root underlying leading T he one. real except the cause reason possible every into look may We ????????
?????????????? 我们可能百密一疏，产生……的根本原因是……。
xiv. factors.many several involves which tendency phenomenon seated -deep d complicate for this reason the give find to job task to simple easy no is It ????????????????????????????????????
产生这个复杂现象/趋势的因素是多样的，要把它们找出来不是一件容易的事情。 2. 后果
i. in...rise change e
undesirabl favorable sweeping marked drastic le considerab a about bing produce cause may It ??????????????????????????????????????
它将导致……的巨大变化/增长。 ii. problems. of set host a create bring
to lead to rise give may It ?????????
???????????
它将产生一系列问题。
iii. ....on influence
on effect disastrous e undesirabl favorable beneficial le considerab remarkable reaching -far profound deep a produce exercise have exert It will ?????????????
????????????????????????????????????? 它将对……产生深远的/巨大的/有益的/灾难性的影响
iv. es.consequenc pernicious dreadful serious some involve entail bring will T his ????????????????????
这会导致一些严重的/致命的后果。
第三段：提出解决方案
1. People have found many solutions/approaches to dealing with this problem.
人们已经找到了许多解决这个问题的办法。
2. We can figure out many ways to relieve the present crisis.
我们可以想出很多办法来缓解目前的危机。
3. Then, how should we solve this problem? Here are some suggestions, which may be of some
help.
那么，如何来解决这个问题呢？这里有些建议可能会有帮助。
4. Faced with, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.
面对……，我们应该采取一系列的措施来应付目前的形势。
5. It is high time that ……. Here are a few examples of some of the measures that might be
taken immediately.
是……的时候了。这里有几个可以马上付诸实施的措施。
6. .trend situation this reverse taken to be should measures effective actions proper that important essential is It ?
????????????????? 为了扭转局势，我们必要采取有效的措施。
7. .helpful beneficial be might but , of issue the to approach solution immediate easy no is There ?
????????????????????? 并没有很容易的方法来解决这个问题，……有可能会有帮助。
8. .on focused to directed be should efforts great le considerab that suggested hoped is It ???
?????????????????
（大家）建议我们全力以赴……。
记叙类
记述
明确中心思想
情节人物对话的描述围绕中心展开
六要素：时间、地点、人物、起因、经过、结果
按顺序：事物发展顺序，或者提纲的顺序
详略得当
时态：一般过去时，插叙用过去完成时
使用副词，使文章生动
介绍地点
抓住所介绍地点的基本特征，说出一事物与另一事物区别的特征，使读者在短时间内获得足够的信息
遵循一定的顺序，使文章条理清楚中心突出（时间、空间、逻辑）
运用恰当的方法进行特征描写
语言做到准确无误，尤其是方位词
书信：
例文：
December 26, 2004
Ken
NEW EASTNER
Dear Mom and Dad,
I am most happy to hear from you / receive your letter. How are you?（领导：I am sorry to occupy your precious time ,but I really have something to tell you. ）
….
I am looking forward to your reply.
Best regards,
Dan
开头段：
1.告知对方你的身份（假如对方不认识你）
Dear Sir or Madam:/ Mr.Promentheus,
a)I was a student at your college, enrolled in Philosophy Department.
b)I am a ……at your……
c)I am a ……at your college, enrolled in the ……course.
d)My name is ……, I am…….
2.问候收信人（假如他/她是你的朋友）
Dear Prometheus,
a)Hello
b)Hi. How are you?
c)I hope everything is fine.
d)How are things going with you?
e)How are you getting on in/getting along with……?
3.解释写信的原因
a)致谢
i.I deeply appreciate（感激）your courtesy（谦恭）and I hope to reciprocate（酬
答）your favor when the opportunity.
ii.I am greatly indebted（感恩的）to you for（the double）you have gone to on my behalf.
iii.Thank you for your letter about studying in Canada.
iv.I am writing to you to express my heartfelt（衷心的）gratitude.
v.I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for…….
vi.I would like to thank you most sincerely for…….
b)抱怨
i.I am writing to complain about the poor service at your dining-room.
ii.I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with/at…….
iii.I wish to make a complaint about …….
iv.I am writing to draw your attention to …….
v.I am afraid I have got a complaint about …….
c)致歉
i.I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential
information regarding the following aspects.
ii.I am writing to you because I am unable to …….
iii.I an terribly（十分）sorry that……
iv.I would like to express my apologies for not being able to …….
d)询问
i.I would like to obtain/request/seek/inquire about some information about…….
ii.I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor.
iii.I would like some detailed information on/about…….
结尾段：
1.发出请求
a)Please give this matter your immediate attention.
b)I would very much appreciate it if……as soon as possible.
c)Please render（呈递）me some valuable advice which is conducive to may final
decision.
2.提供帮助
a)I hope these ……will be helpful, and please feel free to contact me for more in
formation.
b)……will be taking over responsibility（责任）for you and if you should need any
assistance（援助）, she/he will be pleased to help you.
3.再次表示歉意或感激
a)Thank you for your kind assistance.
b)Please accept my heartfelt thanks and deepest gratitude（感激）, now and always.
c)I am sorry that I cannot ……, and trust that you will understand.
d)In addition, let me apologize for any inconvenience I may have caused.
e)I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience.
f)Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.
4.期盼回信
a)I look forward to your prompt（即时的）response.
b)Looking forward to a prompt reply.
c)I expect to hear from you very soon.
d)I hope to receive your reply shortly.
e)I am already eagerly awaiting your reply to this first letter.
润色文章：
?原则
1.用词老辣——核心动词。平时积累近义词及其例句
2.用句经典
i.It作形式主语、宾语
ii.There be
iii.被动句
iv.强调句
v.虚拟语气
vi.名人名言
?错误
平行方面：在n个并列的句子中，若出现相同相近，相反，相对的概念时，要求用一致的语法结构
?基本表达
1.越来越：be increasingly +adj.，be on the rise，a growing number of
2.人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that
3.许多问题：a host/ number of problem
4.引起人们注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth.
5.意识到：there is a growing awareness（知道）/realization of/that，awaken sb. To the
fact/danger
6.适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate（使适应）oneself to new environment/
change
7.接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems
8.接触社会：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society
9.获得成功：achieve/accomplish success
10.提出观点/建议：advance/put forward/come up with the arguments/ideas/suggestions
11.作出努力：make tremendous（极大的）/persistent（持久稳固的）/sustained（持续
不变的）effort to do sth.，take great pains to do（with work/study）
12.影响学习：interfere with studies/work
13.产生影响：have/exert a profound（深刻的）influence on life/personality，have a
dramatic/ undesirable（令人不快的）effect on
14.较好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of one’s life
15.剥夺机会/权力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity
16.取代：substitute（替代）for/take the place of the old way
17.采取措施：take effective steps/measures to
18.控制我们的环境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment
19.躲避危险/挑战：shy（躲避）/run away from the dangers/challenge
20.满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of
21.补偿损失：compensate for / make up for the loss/damage
22.解释某现象：account for / explain the phenomenon
23.对……很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of，have a new
perspective（观点）on，provide/gain an insight into
24.把某因素考虑进去：take sth. into account（consideration），give much thought to
25.品位人生/自由青春：savor the life/freedom/youth
26.培养对……的信心：develop/foster one’s interes t/confidence in
27.经历变化/困难/艰险：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience
28.表现出自信心等：project one’s confidence/feeling/image
29.生活充满不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice
30.追求学习/职业：pursue one’s academic（理论的）interest/professional career
31.学习知识/技术：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill
32.被看作学习的……榜样：be held up as a good example
33.交流经验/知识：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge
34.发挥/起到重要作用：play an （important/active/great）role/part
35.逃学/缺课：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture
36.知识/经验丰富：rich in knowledge/experience
37.确立/追求目标：set/pursue a goal/higher standard
38.到达目标：achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/object
39.克服困难：overcome obstacles/difficulty
40.面临危险/困难：be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty
41.阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success，be an obstacle（障碍）/barrier to success/
growth
42.阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of
43.持传统的看法：hold conventional wisdom
44.发表看法：voice/express one’s opinion
45.持相反/合理的观点：take the opposite/fresh view
46.揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatter the myth of
47.求得帮助：enlist one’s support/help
48.缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fell the gap/gulf（between city and country）
49.把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/own the success/failure to
50.对……重要：be indispensable/important/vital to
51.施加压力：put/exert a academic pressure on
52.重视：assign/attach much importance/significance to
53.强调：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on
54.把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate one’s attention/efforts/thoughts upon
55.提供机会/信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb.
56.抓住机会：grab/seize/take the opportunity
57.得到机会：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/likelihood that
58.有可能：there is （little/much）possibility/likelihood that，chances/the odds（可能的
机会）are that
59.展开竞争：compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of
60.开展运动：conduct（carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage）a vigorous/nation-wide/
publicity/advertising）
61.对我很有/没有什么意义：make much/little sense to me
62.带来无穷的幸福/满足：be a source of happiness satisfaction/contentment（满意）/pride/
complaint
63.献身于：devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause /career
64.大不（没什么）两样：make much（little/no）difference
65.真正重要的是：what really matters/accounts is……
66.改变生活旅程：change/alter the course of life
67.建立在大量的学习/实践上：build on tremendous amount of study/practice
68.进行调查/执行任务：conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment
69.辞去工作/学习：leave/quit one’s job/work/school
70.参加考试/竞赛等：enter （for）the examination/contest, race
71.参加活动/讨论：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion
72.影响思想/态度/时间的形成：shape one’s thinking /attitude
73.进入大学/社会/家庭/劳动力市场/职业：enter a school/college/society/the work force
/professionals
74.实现自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve one’s dream（hops/wish/desire）
75.减轻压力/紧张：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension
76.提高社会地位：enhance/improve/up grade social status/position/standing rise to the
position of leadership
77.提高技术/能力：sharpen （increase/improve/enhance/boost）one’s metal skill/ability
78.加快/促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance /boost the development of
79.随着生活节奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society
80.开阔眼界/兴趣：broaden one’s interest/outlook，expand （broaden/enlarge）one’s mental
horizons
81.有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决：contribute much/little
82.有助于解决问题：go a long way to （towards）solving the problem
83.迷恋名利/分数：be obsessed/preoccupied（全神贯注的）with grades/fame/fortune
84.把时间花/浪费在：spend/waste time doing sth.，put in hours doing sth.
85.利用机会/技术：make（full/better）use of /take advantage of opportunity/time，
tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent
86.把知识/经验运用到……：apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience……
87.取得进步：make much progress/strides/gins in
88.充分发挥潜力/能力：develop one’s ability/potential to the full，give full play to one’s
ability
89.充满激情/渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion for
起承转合
1.起：now，nowadays，at present，first，firstly，first of all，in the first place，in recent years，
recently，It goes without saying that
2.承：second，secondly，then，besides，indeed，still，third，thirdly，moreover，furthermore，
certainly，obviously，truly，especially，particularly，in addition，what is more，what is worse，for example，for instance，in fact，in other words，at the same time
3.转：however，nevertheless，otherwise，yet，but，or，whereas，in spite of，instead，on
the other hand，incontrast，on the contrary，conversely
4.合：therefore，thus，hence，in short，in rief，in a word，in conclusion，as a result，as a
consequence，consequently，above all，at last，finally，eventually，after all，to sum up，in general，generally speaking，on the whole，as has been noted，as I have said
30个最经典的替换词：
1.individuals,characters, folks代替(people ,persons)
2 : positive, favorable, rosy(美好的)，promising
(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding代替good
3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse(有害的)代替bad
如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive代替
eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.
4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,many,if not most)代替many.
注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理用most, if not all ,代替most.
5: a slice of, quiet a few , several代替some
6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that,
hold the view that, it is widely shared that,
it is universally acknowledged that)替think
(因为是书面语，所以要加that)
7:affair ,business ,matter 代替thing
8: shared 代common
9.reap huge fruits 代替get much benefit ）
10:for my part ,from my own perspective 代替
in my opinion
11:Increasing(ly),growing 代替more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.
Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.
Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.
12.little if anything, 或little or nothing代替hardly
13..benefitial rewarding代替helpful
be beneficial of
14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 代替customer
15.exceedingly,extremely 代替very
16.hardly unnecessary, hardly inevitable ... 代替necessary,
inevitable
17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 代替sb take interest in
18.capture one's attention代替attract one's attention.
19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect
20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代indicate, suggest ,fear
21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 代替cause.
22. There are several reasons behind sth 代替..reasons for sth
23.desire 代替want.
24.pour attention into 代替pay attention to
25.bear in mind that 代替remember
26. enjoy, possess 代替have(注意process是过程的意思)
27. interaction代替communication
28.frown on sth代替be against , disagree with sth
29.to name only a few, as an example代替for example
30. next to/virtually impossible,代替nearly impossible
作文过关技巧句型
1．表示原因
1）There are three reasons for this．
2）The reasons for this are as follows．
3）The reason for this is obvious．
4）The reason for this is not far to seek．
5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
2．表示好处
1）It has the following advantages．
2）It does us a lot of good．
3）It benefits us quite a lot．
4）It is beneficial to us．
5）It is of great benefit to us．
3．表示坏处
1）It has more disadvantages than advantages．
2）It does us much harm．
3）It is harmful to us．
4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb．to do sth．2）We think it necessary to do sth．
3）It plays an important role in our life．
5．表示措施
1）We should take some effective measures．
2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．
3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．
4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．
6．表示变化
1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world's communications．
3）The computer has brought about many changes in education．
7．表示事实、现状
1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．
2）No one can deny the fact that．．．
3）There is no denying the fact that．．．
4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in．
5）However，that's not the case．
8．表示比较
1）Compared with A，B．．．
2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．
3）There is a striking contrast between them．
9．表示数量
1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．
2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000．
3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％compared with that of January．10．表示看法
1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth．
2）People have different opinions on this problem．
3）People take different views of（on）the question．
4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．．
11．表示结论
1）In short，it can be said that ．．．
2）It may be briefly summed up as follows．
3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．．12．套语
1）It's well known to us that ．．．
2）As is known to us，．．．
3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about．
4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ．．．
5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way．
完形填空
如何做CLOZE
不要浏览
读懂首句
欲擒故纵
先慢后快
语法优先
逻辑联系
如何应对完形填空
做题步骤
通读全文，了解文章
初选答案（排除法，优选法）
大学英语四级考试模拟试题
大学英语四级考试模拟试题 Model Test Five Part ⅠListening Comprehension Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. Choose the correct answer---A, B, C or D, and then, mark your answer by writing the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Section A (C) 11. A) He will only be available in the afternoon. B) It’s not his office hour. C) He doesn’t have time. D) He is too tired after class. (A) 12. A) The woman insists on going out. B) The woman doesn’t like watching TV. C) The man promised her a gift on her birthday. D) The man is too tired to go out. (B) 13. A) There are too many courses offered to
四级写作网络课堂十大必背范文 王江涛 1、~网络游戏 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Online Games. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below: 1)现在有些大学生沉迷于网络游戏，家长和学校对此忧心忡忡， 2)但有人认为网络游戏并非一无是处， 3)你的看法。 Online Games As a product of modern computer and the Internet, online games have become very popular among college students. A great many students have enjoyed great pleasure and satisfaction from these games. But as we see, some students lacking self-discipline are too much indulged in these games so that their health and academic performances are affected. This phenomenon has caused much worry from the teachers and parents. However, some others argue that online games are not always harmful. They can train the ability of youngsters to respond to things quickly. Moreover, they can stimulate their imagination and their interest in computer science. More importantly, it does bring college students much pleasure and release their pressure greatly. From my point of view, online games are a wonderful entertainment if you play them in a reasonable way. When they interfere too much with your study, it is better for you to give them up at once. Yet if you have enough self-control over them, you can certainly obtain real pleasure and benefit a lot from them. 2、考证热 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Certificate Craze on Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below: 1)近几年大学校园内出现“考证热”， 2)产生这一现象的原因， 3)你的看法。 Certificate Craze on Campus In recent years, to get a certificate has become a new craze among college students. Just randomly ask a student on campus what he or she is busy doing, quite possibly, you may get the answer that he is preparing for a certificate of some kind. Why does this craze appear? There are mainly two reasons behind this phenomenon. To begin with, it is the employment pressure that forces college students to get more certificates. With the admission expansion of colleges, a lot more graduates have to face the fierce competition in the job market. How can one make himself more competitive?More certificates at hand, maybe. Furthermore, diploma and certificates a re still vital standards by which a good many employers measure a person’s ability. In order to increase the qualifications for a job, the students compel themselves to run from one exam to another. From my point of view, we should be more rational when it comes to certificates, since certificates do not necessarily pro ve one’s ability. Being crazy in getting certificates blindly is
阅读答案 Section A 选词填空(卷1) 26. E constructed 27. O undertaken 28. F consulted 29. M range 30. N scale 31. I eventually 32. K necessarily 33. L production 34. A cheaper 35. J height Section B 段落信息匹配卷1 36—K 37—D 38—M 39—G 40—B 41—L 42—H 43—F 44—J 45—C Section C 仔细阅读 Passage one 46. A. Seneca's thinking is still applicable today 问题：What are researchers rediscovering through their studies 解析：问题题干中的“researchers”和“today”是解题的关键，对应到文中第一段的“Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date”。选项中“Seneca’s thinking “ 对应到“this ancient wisdom” ，而“still applicable”对应到“bring…up-to-date”,故答案为A。 47.B. It is a teaching tool under development 问题：What do we learn about “Betty’s Brain”？ 解析：根据“Betty’s Brian”定位，定位到第三段，而该段的段首便强调“ But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teaching agent” “ ,意味着整段文字要叙述的主要是和“ tool “有关的信息，且选项中的”under development”和原文信息重合，故答案为B。 48 C. It helps them learn their academic subjects better.
大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及参考答案(第 一套） Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is foll owed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fou r choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and ma rk the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method o f answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships betwee n observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to o rganize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniq ues, and procedures for implementing the finding of science. Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progr ess in each. Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comp rehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy an d certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or disli kes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover m ay shock or anger people-as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But even an unple asant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of re fusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choice
大学英语四级作文常用的70个基本表达四级作文不知道如何备考?下面就跟新东方在线英语四级频道一起学习最基本的表达吧，这些在我们的考试中一定会用到!希望可以对大家的备考有帮助。 1. 接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems 2. 人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that 3. 许多问题：a host/ number of problem 4. 引起人们注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth. 5. 意识到：there is a growing awareness(知道)/realization of/that，awaken sb. To the fact/danger 6. 适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate(使适应) oneself to new environment/ change 7. 越来越：be increasingly +adj.，be on the rise，a growing number of 8. 接触社会：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society 9. 获得成功：achieve/accomplish success 10. 提出观点/建议：advance/put forward/come up with the arguments/ideas/suggestions
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第3套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad.You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. R ead the passage t hrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once． Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. Have you ever used email to apologize to a colleague?D elivered a 26to a subordinate (下属) with a voice-mail message? Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person? The various communication options at our fingertips today can be good for 27and productivity---and at the same time very troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the 28when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news one that’s best --- 29business communication consultants and etiquette for the recipient? We’ve (礼仪) experts to come up with the following guidelines for 30using the alterative ways of delivering difficult messages. First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most 31 .Other choices, in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten letter, and the most 32is email. Some of these may change order according to the 33 situation or your own preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice mail. How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult message you’ve got to deliver? “My 34concern is: How can I soften or civilize this says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. “So when I apologize, I usually message?” choose in-person first, or a phone conversation as my top alternative, and maybe a
赵丽词汇5500速记讲义 教材说明：本教案是针对新东方在线使用的内部讲义，本讲义只提供老师讲课时的题目。根据老师的意见，笔记需要自己根据声音和课件板书记，这样可以加强记忆。 UNIT 1 1. Living in that _____ house over there has nearly driven the hero of the story mad A. bleak B. haunted C. gaunt D. acumen 2. His body temperature is ______ for three days, the highest point reaching to 40.5 degree centigrade. A. uncommon B. disordered C. abnormal D. extraordinary 3. Texas, the second largest state of America, is _______ in natural resources A. wealthy B. abundant C. scattered D. deposited 4. _____ to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of continent are still covered with thick forests A. Orientation B. Access C. Procession D. blight 5. I hope my teacher will take me recent illness into _____ when judging my examination. A. account B. counting C. regard
2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题 Part 1 writing Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city.You should write at least 120 words bu no more than 180 words. Part 2 Section A Question 1 and 2 1.A）Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019. B）Design a new generation of mobile phones. C）Set up a mobile phone network on the moon. D）Gather data from the moon with a tiny device. 2.A）It is stable. B）It is inexpensive. C）It is durable. D）It is sophisticated. Question 3 and 4 3.A）It lasted more than six hours. B）No injuries were yet reported. C）Nobody was in the building when it broke out. D）It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived. 4.A）Recruit and train more firefighters. B）Pull down the deserted shopping mall. C）Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park. D）Find money to renovate the local neighborhood. Question 5 to 7 5.A）Shrinking potato farming. B）Heavy reliance on import. C）Widespread plant disease. D）Insufficient potato supply. 6.A）It intends to keep its traditional diet. B）It wants to expand its own farming. C）It is afraid of the spread of disease. D）It is worried about unfair competition. 7.A）Global warming. B）Ever-rising prices. C）Government regulation. D）Diminishing investment. Section B Question 8 to 11 8.A）Informative. B）Inspiring. C）Dull.
大学英语四级考试真题及答案(绝对完整） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2. 也会带来一些问题 3. 你的看法？ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. How Do You See Diversity? As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise. He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice. “It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s “different” behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避开) your eyes. “I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it was cultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out ,but will not miss that opportunity again.” Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions . Hire Advantage At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from the process have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make .
大学英语四级考试真题及答案 Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 建设绿色校园很重要 2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境…… 3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该…… Creating a Green Campus Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid Good grades and high tests scores still matter—a lot—to many colleges as they award financial aid. But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as “merit aid”, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients(接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. Not all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don’t meet need eligibility(资格)have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. “They’re trying to buy students,”says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. “As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,”says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Repor t’s ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. Merit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, “served us well,”Inzer says, but “to be
新东方王苗：2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题解析翻译部分(新东方版) Part IV Translation （30 minutes） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer sheet 2. 过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。如今随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，越来越多的中国人包括许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘飞机出行。他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市，还有许多城市也在筹建机场。航空服务不断改进，而且经常会有特价机票。近年来，节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的人不断增加。 【译文】 In the past, it was beyond imagination for most Chinese to take a plane when traveling. Nowadays, with the development of economy and the improvement of life, an increasing number of Chinese including farmers and migrant workers could afford to take a plane. They can go to all large cities by plane. Besides, many cities are planning to build airports. The aviation service has been improved, and there are often plane tickets at bargain prices. In recent years, the number of people who travel by air in holidays has been increasing all the time. 【解析】 1. 过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。在第一句的句式中，由于系动词“是”之前的主语较长，借助形式主语it指代不定式to do结构，对某人来说，使用for加名词词组的结构。词汇方面：乘飞机：take a plane。难以想象：beyond imagination。In the past, it was beyond imagination for most Chinese to take a plane when traveling. 2. 如今随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，越来越多的中国人包括许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘飞机出行。第二句逗号前“随着”的部分，可以用with加名词词组的形式表达，逗号之后主干句子中谓语的翻译是一个难点，“能乘飞机”的实际含义时“能够/可以付得起乘飞机”，英文表达为“could afford to take a plane”。词汇方面：越来越多的中国人：more and more Chinese, 变通表达an increasing number of Chinese。外来务工人员：migrant workers。Nowadays, with the development of economy and the improvement of life, an increasing number of Chinese including farmers and migrant workers could afford to take a plane。 3. 他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市，还有许多城市也在筹建机场。第三句中以逗号为分隔点，实际是两个句子。注意汉英两种语言中逗号的不同用法。翻译为英文时处理成两个以句号结尾的句子比较恰当。词汇方面：筹建：plan to build。They can go to all large cities by plane. Besides, many cities are planning to build airports。 4．航空服务不断改进，而且经常会有特价机票。第四句的句式可以处理成一个and连接的并列句。“航空服务不断改进”主谓之间是被动的关系，时态上现在完成时比较恰当。词汇方面：航空服务：aviation service。特价机票：plane tickets at bargain prices。The aviation service has been improved, and there are often plane tickets at bargain prices。 5. 近年来，节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的人不断增加。第五句需要一个主从复合句来