2009高考英语阅读理解、完形填空九大技巧及强化训练
1.先通读，后细读
阅读一篇文章，最好采用先通读、再细读的策略。首先要快速浏览全文，这一点非常重要。因为一篇文章是一个整体，是围绕一个中心思想组织的。如果我们了解了文章大体讲的是什么，有了整个篇章的结构模式，就有利于我们理顺句子或段落间的关系，准确地把握文章的主旨，同时也有利于我们在解题过程中有重点地细读部分内容。
一篇文章无论长短，要做到一口气读下来。对于生词，只要不妨碍我们理解主要内容，可暂时放下不管。如果我们读读停停，左顾右盼，往往会把文章完整的体系读破了，有碍于对文章整体的理解。在掌握了文章的大体内容后，我们再根据需要解答的问题逐句细读，认真分析词义及句子结构，从而更准确地把握文章的具体内容。
Passage A
阅读理解
An old friend from California called from the airport to tell me that he had arrived. I was not able to leave the office, but I had made plans for his arrival. After explaining (解释) where my new house was, I told him that I had left the key under the doormat (门垫). Since I knew it would be pretty late before I could get home, I suggested that he make himself at home and help himself to anything that was in the refrigerator(电冰箱).①
Two hours later my friend phoned me from the house. At the moment, he said, he was listening to some of my records after having had a delicious meal. Now, he said, he was drinking a glass of orange juice. When I asked him if he had had any difficulty finding the house, he answered that the only problem was that he had not been able to find the key under the doormat, but luckily, the living room window by the apple tree had been left open and he had climbed in through the window. I listened to all this in great surprise.② There is no apple tree outside my window, but there is one by the living room window of my next door neighbor's house!
根据文章内容，选择正确答案：
1. An old friend of mine called ______.
A. to tell me to meet him at the airport
B. to tell me about his arrival
C. to ask me to leave the office
D. to ask me to make plans for his arrival
2. My friend climbed into the room because ______ .
A. there was an apple tree outside
B. the living room window was left open
C. he had difficulty opening the door
D. he hadn't found the key
3. My friend telephoned me two hours later ______ .
A. from my home
B. at the airport
C. in his office
D. from my neighbor's house
难句注释
① I suggested that he make himself at home and help himself to anything that was in the refrigerator.
我建议他不要客气，随意吃冰箱里的东西。
Total words:211
Reading time: ______
Reading speed: ______
② I listened to all this in great surprise.
我很吃惊地听着这一切。
in surprise 意为“吃惊地”。
Passage B
阅读理解
If you know me well, you know I don't like birthday parties. At least, I don't like birthday parties given for me.① I enjoy them when they re for other people, but when they re for me, I just don't like them.
I remember one birthday party some friends of mine had for me when I was a student at the university. Of course, I had told my best friend Henry that I didn't want a party and I made him promise he wouldn't do anything. He agreed. I should have known better than to believe him.②
On the day of my birthday, we got home from school at about, oh, I don't know, three or half past three. We went inside and as usual I went into the bathroom and started to close the door when suddenly from behind the shower curtain (浴帘), a kind of strange female(女) voice started singing, “Happy birthday to you, happy birthday to you.”
And then from all over the room, people joined in. There were about fifteen people hiding everywhere in the room.
They had got my roommate's key and got in earlier. They had all planned to come out of the hiding place just at the same time while singing. I guess I really upset their plans by going in just to wash my hands.③
根据文章内容，选择正确答案：
1. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
A. I got home from school at 3 or 3:30 on the day of my birthday.
B. I dislike birthday parties held for me.
C. Henry agreed that he would not do anything on my birthday.
D. I knew there were some of my friends hiding in my room.
2. I usually went into the ______ when I got home from school.
A. living room
B. bedroom
C. bathroom
D. dining room
3. What did my friends plan to do?
A. They planned to leave the room as soon as possible.
B. They planned to sing as loudly as they could.
C. They planned to eat in the bathroom.
D. They had planned to come out of hiding places together.
难句注释
① At least, I don't like birthday parties given for me.
至少我不喜欢为我开的生日晚会。
Total words:223
Reading time: ______
Reading speed: ______
② I should have known better than to believe him.
我本应知道他要做什么而不该相信他的。
should have known是虚拟语气，意为“本应知道而未知”。
③ I really upset their plans by going in...
我进去只是洗一下手，却真的打乱了他们的计划。
by doing sth.
通过做某事的方式。
Passage C
阅读理解
In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends.① They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities (品质) of character, especially understanding, honesty and reliability (可靠).
Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries
to learn from others. He puts himself in the other person's place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener.
At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults (过错) in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me.②
Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on (信赖) a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favor, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me.
There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun.③ We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience (经验) and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humor (幽默), too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share in the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me.
When I meet someone who is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I've found a friend!
根据文章内容，选择正确答案：
1. Which of the following qualities the writer thinks is the most important in choosing a friend?
A. understanding.
B. honesty.
C. reliability.
D. a sense of humor.
2. If you have fair weather friends, ______ .
A. they will give you all that they have when you need help
B. you will be refused when you get into trouble
C. you will become rich
D. you can be sure that you get real friends
3. Good friends need to ______.
A. always point out each other's mistakes
B. be helped with money
C. understand each other's feelings
D. have money or luck
4. This passage mainly discuss ______ .
A. the qualities of a friend
B. where to choose friends
C. how to get along with friends
D. the importance of having a friend
难句注释
①Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends.
有时你会遇到不能与你共患难的朋友。
②In short, a friend will try to understand me
Total words:362
Reading time: ______
Reading speed: ______
and accept me. 总之，一个朋友会尽量理解我、接受我。
in short 意为“简而言之”。
③A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun. 一个特殊的朋友是和我们在一起共快乐的人。
with whom we can have fun是定语从句，修饰someone。Passage D
完形填空
There are many kinds of friends. Some are always 1 you, but don't understand you. Some say only a few words to you, but understand you. Many people will step in your life, but only 2 friends leave footprints (脚印).
I shall always recall (回忆) the autumn and the girl with the 3 . She will always bring back the friendship between us. I know she will always be my best friend.
It was the golden season. I could see the yellow leaves 4 on the cool 5 . In such a season, I liked walking alone in the leaves, 6 to the sound of them.
Autumn is a 7 season and life is uninteresting. The free days always get me 8 . But one day, the sound of a violin 9 into my ears like a stream (小溪) flowing in the mountains. I was so surprised that I jumped to see what it was. A young girl, standing in the wind, was 10 in playing her violin.
I had 11 seen her before. The music was so nice that I listened quietly. Lost in the music,① I didn't know that I had been 12 there for so long but my existence (存在) did not seem to disturb her.
Leaves were still falling. Every day she played the violin in the corner of the building 13 I went downstairs to watch her performance. I was the only listener. The autumn seemed no longer lonely and life became 14 . 15 we didn't know each other, I thought we were already good friends. I believe she also loved me.
Autumn was nearly over. One day, when I was listening carefully, the sound suddenly 16 . To my astonishment (惊讶), the girl came over to me.
“You must like violin.” she said.
“Yes. And you play very well. Why did you stop?” I asked.
Suddenly, a 17 expression appeared on her face and I could feel something unusual.
“I came here to see my grandmother, but now I must leave. I once played very badly. It was y our listening every day that 18 me.” she said.
“In fact, it was your playing 19 gave me a meaningful autumn,②” I answered, “Let's be friends.”
The girl smiled, and so did I.
I never heard her play again in my life. I no longer went downstairs to listen like before. Only thick leaves were left behind. But I will always remember the fine figure (身影) of the girl. She is like a 20 —so short, so bright, like a shooting star giving off so much light③ that it makes the autumn beautiful.
根据文章内容，选择正确答案：
1. A. with B. for C. against D. to
2. A. good B. true C. new D. old
3. A. sound B. song C. play D. violin
4. A. shaking B. hanging C. falling D. floating
5. A. wind B. snow C. air D. rain
6. A. watching B. listening C. seeing D. hearing
7. A. lively B. lovely C. harvest D. lonely
8. A. up B. off C. down D. over
9. A. flowed B. grew C. entered D. ran
10. A. lost B. active C. busy D. interested
11. A. once B. never C. often D. usually
12. A. waiting B. stopping C. standing D. hearing
13. A. because B. so C. when D. but
14. A. interesting B. moving C. encouraging D. exciting
15. A. But B. However C. Even D. Though
16. A. stopped B. began C. gone D. changed
17. A. happy B. sad C. strange D. surprised
18. A. surprised B. excited C. encouraged D. interested
19. A. that B. which C. it D. who
20. A. song B. dream C. fire D. sister
难句注释
①Lost in the music“沉浸在琴声中” be lost in sth. 意为“陷入……之中”。
②In fact, it was your playing that gave me a meaningful autumn.
实际上，正是你的演奏给予我一个意味深长的秋天。
It was...that...是强调句型。
③...like a shooting star giving off so much light.
就像是一颗流星放射出如此灿烂的光芒。
祥解详析：
Passage A
本文讲述了一位朋友在拜访作者时误入他邻居家却浑然不觉的幽默故事。
1. B. 由第一段第一句“...called...to tell me that he had arrived.”可知。
2. D. 细节题，由第二段“...he had not been able to find the key...”可知。
3. D. 以第二段朋友所说的“apple tree”为线索，推知朋友误入邻居家。
Passage B
本文讲述了作者的朋友们想为他开生日party以给他意外惊喜的事。
1. D. 由第三段“I went into the bathroom...when suddenly from behind...”可知“我”并不知情。
2. C. 由第二段“We went inside and as usual I went into the bathroom...” 推知。
3. D. 由最后一段“They had all planned to come out of...just at the same time”推知。
Passage C
本文论述了一个好朋友必须具备的四个品质：理解、诚实、可靠和幽默。
1. A. 四个品质中理解最重要。above all else意为“最重要；首先”。
2. B. 不能与你共患难的朋友在你遇到麻烦时会拒绝向你提供帮助。
3. C. 好朋友应相互理解。
4. A. 本文的主题是好朋友所具备的四个品质。
Passage D
文章通过“我”和一个小姑娘秋天邂逅的故事体现了知心朋友的重要性。
1. A. 结合后面一句可知，“许多人与你在一起(with you)，却不能理解你”。
2. B. 只有真正的朋友，才能留在心中。
3. D. 结合后面的内容可知，“我”每天去听小姑娘拉小提琴。
4. D. 金黄的树叶在秋风中随风飘动。
5. A. 叶子是在风中飘动。
6. B. 现在分词用作伴随状语。
7. C. 秋天本是收获的季节，但是此处“我”却独自一人漫步在落叶之上，与下文的生活的无趣相对应。
8. C. 短语 get sb. down 意为“使人泄气；使人疲倦”。
9. A. 琴声像山涧溪流一样，流进(flow into)“我”的耳畔。
10. A. 短语be lost in (doing) sth. “陷入……之中”。此处指小姑娘正在聚精会神地拉小提琴。
11. B. 结合上下文可知，“我”以前与小姑娘素不相识。
12. C. “我”沉浸在优美的琴声中，不自觉地在风中伫立。
13. C. 从下文可知，“我”并不是听到琴声才下楼，而是因为两人心有灵犀，每次几乎是在小姑娘拉琴的同时，“我”也到了楼下。因此这里应用when。
14. A. 与上文的“生活无趣”相对，琴声让“我”觉得“生活有趣”。
15. D. 从整个句意来看，这里是一个让步状语从句。though表“尽管”，合乎文意。
16. A. 与平日不同，琴声突然停止，小姑娘朝“我”走来，让“我”惊讶。
17. B. 由下文可知，小姑娘即将离开，故脸上闪现出悲伤的神色。
18. C. 在小姑娘眼中，“我”每天来听琴对她是一种无声的激励。
19. A. 此处是一个强调句型。
20. B. 结合全文的意思可知，在“我”看来，小姑娘就像一个梦，让“我”久久难忘。
1.When I asked him if he had had any difficulty finding the house...当我问他找房子是否有困难时…… (Line 14, Passage A)
have difficulty (in) doing sth. 意为“在做某事方面有困难”，也可以说：have trouble (in) doing sth. 如：
I have some difficulty understanding him. 我理解他有些困难。
Did you have any trouble in finding his house? 你找到他家有困难吗？
英语中还有have difficulty with sth. 和have trouble with sth. 如：
I don t have much difficulty with English grammar.
我学英语语法并没有太多的困难。
I hope you won't have any trouble with the work.
我希望你应付这工作没有困难。
2.The girl smiled, and so did I. 小姑娘笑了，我也笑了。(Line 29, Passage D)
“So + be(have，助动词或情态动词)+ (另一)主语”用于表示某人与前者具有相同的肯定情况，意为“某人也一样”。如：
I like dogs; so does he. 我喜欢狗，他也如此。
He can speak good English and so can she. 他能说一口好英语，她也能。
如果对前面所说的内容加以肯定，那就不倒装。如：
—Jack won the first prize in the contest. 杰克在比赛中获一等奖。
—So he did. 确实如此。
2.略读
略读(skimming)是利用较短的时间粗略地阅读全文的阅读策略，其主要目的是迅速抓住文章的主旨大意或作者的写作意图。这是一种高效的、有选择性的、有针对性的阅读技巧。掌握略读这一技巧的关键就在于学会在阅读过程中区别文章的重要部分和非重要部分，全局部分和枝节部分。一些次要信息要大胆略去不读，迅速找出topic sentence，即找出概括全段大意的句子。
在运用这一方法阅读文章时，要特别注意：①文章的标题；②文章的首句或引导性段落；
③文章尾部的结论性词语；④反映段落中心思想的主题句。如果我们找到了每段的主题句，再将这些主题句集中在一起，就差不多能够把握住全文的中心内容了。
Passage A
阅读理解
What do you think of British people and American people? You might think that there are no differences between the people in the two countries. After all they speak the same language, don't they? But if you ask a British or an American person, the differences are quite great.
What do British people think Americans are like? The British think Americans are very strange. They make a lot of noise and they laugh too loudly. They are rich, and they only think about money. But the British do say that Americans are kind, friendly people.① They are happy to help you if you are in trouble.
What do Americans think of the British? Well, they think the British are cold and very unfriendly. They are not interested in success or in making lots of money. They think Britain is the best country in the world. They look down upon other countries. But Americans say that the British are quite good workers. They are brave and honest. And in time of trouble they face difficulties happily.
You can see that these ideas can cause misunderstanding between the British and Americans.② But when American and British people become friends, they usually find things are not as bad as they expected.
根据文章内容，选择正确答案：
1. What do you think of the differences between British and American people?
A. Their differences are very small.
B. The differences are very great.
C. There are no differences between them.
D. Some people think there are, but some people don t think so.
2. What do the British think Americans are like?
A. They are strange but friendly.
B. They are poor.
C. They are rich but unfriendly.
D. They are happy in trouble.
3. The American and British people usually get along quite well ____.
A. when misunderstanding is caused between them
B. once they become friends
C. after they fight
D. when they help each other
难句注释
① But the British do say that Americans are kind, friendly people.
但是英国人的确认为美国人是可亲的、友善的。do 在句中是为了表示强调。
Total words:208
Reading time:____
Reading speed:____
② You can see that these ideas can cause misunderstanding between the British and Americans.
你会发现这些想法可能会在英国人和美国人之间引起误解。
Passage B
阅读理解
Some British and American people like to invite friends for a meal at home. But you should not be upset (难受的) if your English friends don't invite you home. It doesn't mean they don't like you!
Dinner parties usually start between 7 and 8 p.m., and end at about 11. Ask your hosts what time you should arrive. It's polite to bring flowers, chocolates or a bottle of wine as a gift.
Usually the evening starts with drinks and snacks(小吃).① Do you want to be more polite? Say how much you like the room, or the picture on the wall. But remember—it’s not polite to ask how much things cost.
In many families, the husband sits at one end of the table and the wife sits at the other end. They eat with their guests.
You'll probably start the meal with soup or something small, then you'll have meat or fish with vegetables, and then dessert, followed by coffee. It's polite to finish everything on your plate and to take more if you want it.②Did you enjoy the evening? Call your hosts the next day, or write them a short thank you letter. British and American people like to say “ Thank you, thank you, thank you.”all the time!
根据文章内容，选择正确答案：
1. If you are going to attend a dinner party,____ .
A. you d better bring a certain present with you
B. you must leave home for it at 7 p.m.
C. you should ask your host when you should leave
D. you must arrive at it before 8 p.m.
2. In which order will you eat or drink the following things at the meal?
A. Snacks, vegetables, meat and coffee.
B. Coffee, drinks, soup, fish, vegetables and dessert.
C. Soup, meat with vegetables, dessert and coffee.
D. Drinks, soup, something small, fish and vegetables.
3. Which is the correct way in which you express your enjoyment of the evening?
A. Before leaving for home, you should say, “Thank you for inviting me.”
B. When you shake hands with your host, you should say, “I did enjoy the evening.”
C. You can write a thank you letter to your host after that.
D. You should finish everything on your plate and take more if you want it.
难句注释
① Usually the evening starts with drinks and snacks.
通常晚宴都是以一些饮料和小吃开始的。
Total words:213
Reading time:____
Reading speed: ____
②It’s polite to finish everything on your plate and to take more if you want it.
礼貌的做法是吃完你盘里的所有食物，如果还想吃的话再添一些。
句首的it是形式主语。
Passage C
阅读理解
If you ask some people, “How did you learn English so well?” you may get a surprising answer: “In my sleep!”
These are people who have taken part in one of the recent experiments (实验) to test the learn while you sleep method (方法), which is now being tried in several countries, and with several subjects. English is among them.
Scientists say that this sleep study method greatly speeds language learning. They say that the ordinary person can learn two or three times as much during sleep as in the same period during the day—and this does not affect (影响) his rest in any way. However, sleep teaching will only put into your head what you have studied already while you are awake.①
In one experiment, ten lessons were broadcast over the radio for two weeks. Each lesson lasted twelve hours —from 8 p.m. to 8 a.m. The first three hours of English grammar and vocabulary (词汇) were given with the students awake. At 11 p.m. a lullaby (催眠曲) was broadcast to send the student to sleep and for the next three hours the radio in a soft and low voice broadcast the lesson again into his sleeping ears. At 2 a.m. a sharp noise was sent over the radio to wake the sleeping student up for a few minutes to go over the lesson. The soft music sent him back to rest again while the radio went on.② At 5 o clock his sleep ended and he had to go through the lesson again for three hours before breakfast.
根据文章内容，选择正确答案：
1. By the learn while you sleep method, one____ .
A. starts to learn a new lesson in sleep
B. learns how to sleep better
C. is made to remember his lesson in sleep
D. can listen to the radio broadcast while lying in bed
2. In the experiment, lessons were given____ .
A. in the night time
B. after lullabies were broadcast
C. while the student was awake
D. all through the twelve hours
3. Before each lesson finishes, the student has to____ .
A. get up and take breakfast
B. be woken up by a loud voice
C. listen to the lesson again in sleep
D. review (复习) the lesson by himself
4. The sleep study method is being tried in many countries to teach____ .
A. the English language
B. grammar and vocabulary
C. a number of subjects
D. foreign languages
难句注释
① However, sleep teaching will only put into your head what you have studied already while you are awake. 然而，睡眠教学法只会使你记住清醒时已学过的东西。
Total words:260
Reading time:____
Reading speed: ____
② The soft music sent him back to rest again while the radio went on.
轻音乐又一次使他入眠而收音机在继续播放。
Passage D
完形填空
Many people who work in London want to live outside it and to go to their offices, factories or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this 1 they have to get up earlier in the morning and reach 2 later in the evening.①One benefit (好处) of living outside London is that houses are 3 . Even a small flat (公寓) in London without a garden costs quite a lot 4 . With the same money, one can get a little house in the country with a garden of 5 own. Then, in the country
one can be 6 from the noise and hurry of the town. 7 one has to get up earlier and spend more time in trains or buses, one can sleep 8 at night, and, during weekends and 9 summer evenings, one can enjoy the 10 clean air of the country. If one 11 gardens, one can spend one's 12 time digging, planting, watering and doing the hundred and one other jobs which are 13 in the garden.② Then, when the flowers and vegetables 14 , one has the reward (回报) of a person who has shared the secrets of 15 .
Some people, however, take no interest in country things;③for them, 16 lies in the town, with its cinemas and theatres, beautiful shops and busy streets, dance halls and restaurants. Such people would 17 that their life was not worth
18 if they had to live it outside London. A walk in one of the parks and a visit
19 the sea every summer is all the country they 20.
根据文章内容，选择正确答案：
1. A. shows B. expresses C. means D. needs
2. A. home B. family C. flat D. house
3. A. cleaner B. nicer C. bigger D. cheaper
4. A. money B. to lend C. to borrow D. to hire
5. A. him B. its C. ones D. their
6. A. free B. far C. out D. absent
7. A. If B. Although C. Because D. After
8. A. little B. less C. longer D. better
9. A. on B. for C. at D. by
10. A. cold B. warm C. fresh D. pleasant
11. A. prefers B. likes C. wants D. interests
12. A. day B. rest C. spare D. whole
13. A. made B. brought C. carried D. needed
14. A. come on B. come to C. come up D. come over
15. A. work B. society C. science D. nature
16. A. health B. happiness C. wealth D. future
17. A. know B. feel C. understand D. hope
18. A. wasting B. finding C. living D. spending
19. A. for B. to C. of D. at
20. A. hope B. wish C. ask D. want
难句注释
① Many people who work in London want to live outside it..., even though this means they have to get up earlier in the morning and reach home later in the evening.
很多在伦敦市区工作的人想住郊外……，尽管这意味着他们不得不早出晚归。
② ...doing the hundred and one other jobs which are needed in the garden.
……做花园里需要干的其他许多活。
③ Some people, however, take no interest in country things.
然而，一些人对乡下的事物却不感兴趣。
Passage A
本文讲述了英美两国人对彼此的看法。
1 B. 根据第一段最后一句可知差异是相当大的。
2 A. 第二段提出英国人认为美国人是奇怪而友好的。
3 B. 依据是全文最后一句话。
Passage B
本文主要介绍了应邀参加英美人举办的家庭晚宴需注意的一些礼节。
1. A. 由第二段“It’s polite to bring...as a gift.”得知。
2. C. 按第三、五两段中提出的进餐顺序可选出答案。
3. C. 四个选项中只有C符合文末提出的感谢宴请的方式。
Passage C
本文介绍了一种通过睡眠来学习外语的新方法。
1. C. 据第三段最后一句可知。
2. A. 据第四段可知，收音机授课是从晚上八点到早晨八点。
3. C. 据第四段第四句“...the radio...broadcast the lesson agai n into his sleeping ears” 可推知。
4. C. 据第二段可知这种方法正在好几门功课中进行尝试。
Passage D
许多人乐意住在伦敦的郊区。本文对比了住在市中心和郊区的一些利弊。
1. C. 住在郊外就意味着早晨早起去上班。
2. A. 到家用reach home，其他词需用the。
3. D. 从下文看，郊外的房屋便宜。
4. D. 房子不是借而是租用。
5. C. 与句子主语一致，of one’s own 意为“属于自己的”。
6. B. 意为“远离……”。
7. B. 根据下文应是转折让步关系。
8. D. 从上文“...far from the noise and hurry of the town.” 可看出，睡得好。
9. A. 具体哪一天的上午、下午、晚上，要用on。
10. C. 乡下的空气清新、无污染。
11. B. 喜欢花园才会有下文的种花。
12. C. spare time意为“空闲时间”。
13. D. 前面列举的“...digging...the hundred and one other jobs.”都是花园里所需要干的活。
14. C. come up意为“长出来”。
15. D. 在花园中养花、种花，涉及的是大自然的奥秘。
16. B. 在城市中才有快乐。lie in...意为“在于……”。
17. B. 此处强调的是“感受”。
18. C. be worth doing 意为“值得做……”。live a...life意为“过着……的生活”。
19. B. a visit to some place意为“ 去某地游览”。
20. D. 不可以说hope, wish 或ask sth. 。
1. Usually the evening starts with drinks and snacks. 通常晚宴都是以饮料和小吃开始的。(Line 7, Passage B)
“以……开始”可用start with... 或begin with... 来表达；“以……结束”可用end (up) with... 或close with... 来表达。如：At the dinner we usually begin with
soup and end up with fruit. 在宴会上，开始的一道菜通常是汤，最后的一道是水果。 In a word, the long March ended (up) with victory for us and defeat for the enemy. 总而言之，长征以我们的胜利，敌人的失败而告终。
2. With the same money, one can get a little house in the country with a garden of one's own. 用同样的钱，一个人可以在乡下买到一幢有属于自己的花园的小屋子。(Line 5, Passage D)
of one's own 意为“属于自己的”。He d like a car of his own. 他想有辆属于自己的汽车。on one's own 意为“独自地；单独地”。She lives on her own. 她独自过日子。with one's own eyes 意为“亲眼”。I saw it with my own eyes. 那是我亲眼所见。on one's own time 意为“用自己的课余时间”。 If you want to play football, you ll have to do it on your own time. 如果你想踢足球，你只能用课余时间去踢。
3.查读
查读(scanning)，也称为扫描式阅读，是指用较短的时间快速扫视文章，查找具体信息或相关事实与细节的阅读技巧。查读有一定的目的性，是带着问题寻找答案的阅读方法，在考试中具有很高的实用价值。
运用查读方法时，我们首先要了解需要回答何种问题。我们可先在问题中找出二至三个关键词语，用作答案的指示牌。然后到文章中迅速扫描，以确定答案可能所在的区域，最后将文章中与之匹配的部分标出，确定正确答案。
在查读过程中，我们可以一目十行地快速扫描整篇文章，也可用手指或钢笔从左至右或逐行快速移动，同时眼睛要紧随其移动，查看所要寻找的具体内容，对那些与想要查找的信息无关的内容可一带而过甚至不必阅读。
Passage A
阅读理解
Last year I went to Nepal (尼泊尔) for three months to work in a hospital. I think it's important to see as much of a country as you can, but it is difficult to travel around Nepal. The hospital let me have a few days holiday, so I decided to go into the jungle (丛林) and I asked a Nepalese guide, Kamal Rai, to go with me. We started our trip at six in the morning with two elephants carrying our
高中英语完形填空解题技巧和训练 一、首句信息 完形填空通常首句不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正确的思维导向。英语中首句通常是文章的主题句，把握了主旨句对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。 (广东卷) It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The __1__ is based on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by __2__ situation that has designed for the __3__ children. 1. A. principle B. theory C. argument D. classification 2. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living 3. A. smart B. curious C. mature D. average 二、注意前后语境，暗示信息 考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析及推理的能力。 考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处通常前后多有暗示。 这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。 （广东卷）“As a matter of fact, I’ve got someone in the office at this very moment who might ___49___.” She wrote down a number, and held it out to me, saying: “Ring up this lady. She wants a cook immediately. In fact, you would have to start tomorrow by cooking a dinner for ten people.” 49. A. hire B. accept C. suit D. offer 三、注意固定搭配，熟记常见句型， 考查考生对常见的英语固定短语和习惯用法的掌握情况。如动词与名词的搭配；动词与介词或副词的搭配；介词与名词的搭配等。这类搭配在高考完形填空中时有出现。 I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them ___44___the telephone. 44. A. with B. by C. from D. on (陕西)The second rich man, seeing the worrying situation, stopped for a short time and gave the villagers all his food and drink, since he could see that money would be of little __34__ to them. 34. A. interest B. concern C. use D. attraction 四、注意词语辨析 考查考生在特定语境中区别近义词的能力。四个选项词性相同，意义相近，要求在特定的语境中区分它们之间的细微差别。一般说来，其中的两个选项容易排除，难辨的是两个。 Although I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his ___37_ qualities. First of all … 37. A. basic B. special C. common D. particular （全国卷）Once he ___42___ sang a song in class in order to make a point clear. 42. A. also B. nearly C. even D. only
（一）阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有相互联系的因素。 阅读的方法可以使用以下几种： 1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。 在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点： 1.带着问题阅读短文。 2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。 3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。 4.尽快选择答案。 （二）不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧 1.记叙文 记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。 2.说明文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 ●数字说明文 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 ●解释说明文
高考英语阅读理解——出题与解题方法（杨老师） 应用文（抓题干）广告、通知记叙文（划时、人、事）说明文（找主题句）特点：分值重，知识广，篇幅大，用时多。题型上主要有细节题、推理题、主旨题、猜词题等。 开卷准备：九字真诀不要怕，划一划（划主题，难句，划核心词），X一X（答题时） 一、细节理解题（标记定位法） 一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题(细1)，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题(细2)，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案切不可望文生义。特别注意句子的逻辑关系。如：表因果的because, since, as等；表转折的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。 二、推理判断题（用细节推） 考查考生根据已知信息做出合理的推断或判断，包括要求考生体会作者的态度、观点、意图等。常用提问方式有：We can infer/learn from the（last） paragraph that. It can be concluded from the passage that. The passage implies/suggests that. What can be concluded from the passage? The author's purpose of writing the passage is.这需要学生读懂原文，完全理解文中的细节信息，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。 三、语义猜测题（构词法、语境法） 要注意从以下三个方面着手： 1）标点符号或同位语部分，and或or猜 2）根据对比、因果关系猜 but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表转折，because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词， 3）根据构词法知识猜测词义：UN- IN- IM-- dis mis 派生，合成，转化，缩略，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出组成的新词词义。 Because you can’t see or even hear the person, it would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. 四、主旨大意题（重点）哪怕没读懂全文，懂了中心句，一样能做对题 （寻找主题句）文章主题与段落主题 一般来说，文章主题都在第一段或最后一段表明。某一段的主题句也常出现在段首或段尾，而且常有一些表归纳关系的信号词，如in short, In a word, in brief, to sum up, to conclude等。 其常用提问方式主要有：What is the main idea/topic of the passage? The central point of the selection is that. The author is mainly concerned with. The passages mainly about等。
英语阅读理解技巧 阅读理解始终是外语学习和考试重点。 一．阅读理解的测试要点如下： 1．理解主旨大意； 2．寻读具体信息； 3．理解细节； 4．根据上下文提供的语境，推测生词词义，进而加深对文段的理解； 5．简单的判断和理解； 6．理解文段的基本逻辑结构； 7．理解作者的意图和态度； 8．理解文段的文化信息； 9．理解图表信息； 10．理解指代关系。 从高考命题的实际情况看，命题者常用下述方法提问： 1．What is the purpose of the text? 2．What does the author mainly tell US about in the passage? 3．What can we infer from the passage? 4．What can be inferred from the passage? 5．It can be concluded from the text that ? 6．What can we learn from the text? 7．What is the general idea/main idea of the text? 8. The passage mainly focuses on ? 9. What is the main subject discussed in the text? 10. It can be inferred from the passage that? 11. It can be inferred from the that the author seems to? 12. What is the best title of the text/for the article? 13. The best title for this passage is? 14. What can we infer from the last/the first two paragraphs? 15. The meaning of the word/sentence in Paragraph X is related to? 16. In Paragraph X, "X X X" can be replaced by?
高考英语完形填空解题技巧专项训练 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
高考完形填空解题技巧 (I) 完形填空是全国各地高考英语必考题型之一，占20分。题型特征是：一篇短文中间留20 个空格，每个空格给出4个选项，要求从中选出最佳答案填入相应的空格内。由于这种题型既考查学生的语法、词法、句法、习惯用法等英语基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查他们对短文的阅读和理解能力。这种题型综合性较强，因而难度较大。总的来说，完形填空为了测试考生实际应用英语的能力和语感。具体说来，是从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握和对英语习惯用语的熟悉程度、以及语法规则的灵活运用。因此，本文我就考试出题的三个方向、考试题型和具体解题技巧做了详细阐述： 一、考试出题的大致方向是： 1、词汇：某些词义的识别，同义词辨析。英语习惯用法的熟悉程度。 2、语法结构：语法规则的实际应用。 3、语篇句意：从语篇角度,即上下文和情景语境综合测试考生的阅读理解能力 4. 逻辑推理和生活常识 二、考试题型： （一）词汇题： 单纯地考单词或短语的释义： 1.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety ____. (‘99) A. comes off B. turns up C. pays off D. holds up 答案：C. 词汇辨析题： 主要是指同义词、近义词的辨析，这类题较难。 2.They are needed for ____ food into energy and body maintenance. (‘96) A. shifting B. transferring C. altering D. transforming 答案：D. 固定短语搭配题： 3.With it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle ____ of flyingsintosspace and returning many times. (‘92) A. capable B. suitable C. efficient D. fit 答案：A. (二)语法题： 语法结构题，主要是考结构词：代词、介词和从句连接词。 4.Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make ____ difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. (’94) A. that B. it C. so D. this答案：B. (三)语篇题：
阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是： 1．阅读材料，理解材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节。2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3．既理解文章的字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。 4．既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应具有的常识去理解判断。 根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型：主题主旨大意，细节理解题，综合推理题，概括归纳题，观点归纳题，人物评价题，词义句义理解题，指代关系题，内容排序题等。 下面结合自己平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一．主旨大意题 阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括与总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。每篇短文都有其主题思想，而作者表现主题思想的手法各不相同。这就需要我们挖掘相同点，寻找解题的方法。 常见题型： 1．主题型： What’s the main idea of this passage ? What does this passage mainly discuss? What’s the topic of this passage ? 2．标题型： What’s the best title? The best title for this text is (to tell ) ————. 3．目的型： The main purpose of this text is ————. The author’s purpose o f writing this text is to ————. What’s the main purpose of the passage?
高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧大全 一、四选一型阅读 高考阅读不同文体按照题型分类主要分为五大类：细节题、推理题、主旨大意题、词义句意猜测题、结构顺序题。 1、细节题解题技巧 细节题，顾名思义，就是指针对文章的某个细节而设置的试题。细节题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后实行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节（通常是四个）放在一起要求考生判断是非（选出准确的一项或选出错误的一项）或对几个细节实行排序等。解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是使用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项实行比较从而确定答案（此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换）。 现在围绕上述的定位理论，引申出几个小的技巧： （1）关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题，如涉及到数字（日期、时间、价格等），就能够在文章中快速圈出数字，再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息，还有人物姓名、地点名词等等，其他的还包括一些提示情节发展，或条纲性关键字眼，如First， Next， Finally等等。 As a young girl growing up in the 1930s， I always wanted to fly a plane， but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2020，when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. （2020年高考英语北京A篇） What happened to the author in 2020？ A. She flew an airplane
做好高考英语完形填空的14种技巧 1?跳读首尾句进行预测一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句J便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了When J where, who, What，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事，为了测试语篇的理解能力，出题者特别注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味；若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文；若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。 首句往往开宗明义，是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对 文章主题的总结。所以，它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对我们理解全文有着重 要的启示作用。因此，要充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文 章的脉络与线索。 EVel yn Glennie WaS the first IaCly Of SOIO PerCUSSi On in SCOtIancl .In an in terview, She recalled how She became a PerCUSSi On SOIOiS 打（击乐器独奏演员）in SPite Of her CliSabiIity.本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员EVel yn GIe nnie在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据首句给出的信息，下面我们可以猜想EVeIyn GIe nnie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难，而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器，EVeIyn GIennie对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。 2.利用语法分析解题完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的 题目。对于这 类题，考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识，分析单词（组）的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。如：__ 51 ____ do you SUPPOSe he asked for them? 51 ? A. What B. HOW C. WhO D. WhiCh 【解析】本题中，do you SUPPOSe为插入成分。he asked for them是一个相对独立和完整的句子，因此空格处应该用副词HOW来修饰谓语动词asked,而不能用代词What5 WhO或WhiChO __ 8 ____ I had been born in the 16th CentUry J I WOUICl have had no job. 8.A. BeCaUSe B. While C. If D. SinCe 【解析】根据后面的I had been born in the 16th CentUry可知这只是个假设 5 是一个虚拟语气的条件句。故前面要用if引导。 3.利用固定搭配解题完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和 同义词、近义词 的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语"，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨
高考英语阅读理解题的特点及解题技巧 一、阅读理解题的选材与命题特点 近几年的高考英语试卷保持了“稳中有变，变中求新，立足语篇”的基本命题思路。在阅读理解方面主要考查考生理解主旨要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断词义、根据短文判断和推理、理解文章的基本结构以及理解作者的意图与态度等方面的能力。现以近几年高考全国卷I为例，谈谈阅读理解题的选材及命题特点。 1. 对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点 高考英语阅读理解着重检测考生对语篇的整体把握能力、根据所提供的语境进行语篇分析的能力以及综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力。在近几年的高考中，涉及较低能力要求的事实性和细节性考题的比例虽呈上升趋势，但词义猜测、推理判断和主旨概括等深层次试题仍占很大比重。 2. 选材更趋多样化、现代化和生活化，突显语言与文化相结合的特点 就体裁而言，阅读材料所选择的文段涉及叙述体、论说体和应用体等多种文体；选材风格保静予连续性，既注重题材的多样化、现代化和生活化，又较为综合地反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，贴近生活，贴近时代，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。 3. 适当降低读速及难度要求，提高试题的信息含量，体现新课程的理念 近几年阅读理解题的阅读量总体呈回落趋势，比如，2006年全国卷I的读速略有降低，但近年来阅读速率要求均在50---57wpm之间；难度系数适当降低，注重考查考生获取、分辨、整合、加工和表述信息的能力。 4. 阅读材料更趋于“原汁原味”，设问方式更加深入 阅读材料基本保留了其原有的语言风格，文章的展开不再是平铺直叙，而是兼有倒叙、插叙等多种方式；一词多义、熟词生义、多种时态的混用、结构复杂的长句、省略句以及插入语等语言现象比较常见。阅读材料的文化含量加大，文章的行文风格更具英语语言的特点，文章的遣词造句也更加地道，许多考生通常要反复阅读几遍才能读懂。 二、阅读理解题答案与干扰项关系的分析 正确的选项往往是命题人员把阅读材料的内容或信息用不同的语言形式再现出来。一般而言，答案项的设置有以下几种方法：(1) 选用原文中的词句；(2) 使用原文词句的同义词或相似结构； (3) 使用原文词句的反义词或相反结构；(4) 答案项是对生词、长句或难旬的解释；(5) 答案项是对原文词句或段落的归纳、 推理或演绎；(6) 使用原文的上下义结构，如用“科学”涵盖“计算机、航天、发明、电子”等概念。
高考英语阅读理解这5个核心技巧，拿高分 我已经记住了很多单词和短语，通常会攻克很多问题，并努力克服冗长而困难的句子。为什么仍然费时并犯很多错误？ 今天，我将与您分享阅读理解的秘诀，以便快速找到答案，供您参考！ 阅读理解5种解题技巧 1以意群为单位，成组视读 区分意群和巧妙地暂停不仅是背诵的关键，而且还是阅读的基本素质。英语阅读基于意群，而不是单词或短语。意群阅读是用眼睛进行扫描，而不是默默地看着每个单词，而是像探照灯一样根据意群进行分组扫描。该句子被视为一个整体结构，并且包含信息，不是单个词汇。 2首尾在心，紧扣中心 任何作者都有自己的写作意图，任何文章也都有自己的中心主题。为了检查考生对文章的理解和阅读水平，作者将不可避免地使用各种方法来比较作者的写作意图和 文章，考察的主题
一般来说，文章的主题通常在文章的开头和结尾表示，包括文章的开头和结尾段落以及每个段落的开头和结尾句子。为了快速掌握文章的中心，文本的第一和最后一个段落以及每个段落的第一和最后一个句子是最好的切入点，因此学生应该特别注意。 3学会跳读，心中有一幅画 阅读理解必须同时考虑森林和树木。有必要扫描全文并区分主要和次要内容。跳过可用于阅读全文并了解主要思想，也可用于搜索详细信息并锁定正在考查的信息-这样您就可以掌握整体而不会忽略细节。 跳读时，您不得借用母语翻译。例如，您可以通过情景想象，大纲列表，关键连接和图表来整理文章的上下文，以使文章的框架更加直观，可视化和具体化。 4请善于猜测单词的含义 允许所有类型的考试出现3％的超纲词汇，这些词汇通常会在文字中给出提示，考生可以根据上下文推断其含义。 例如，某些词会跟随它们的同位语并直接对其进行解释；某些单词（通常是名词）仅需要确定它是某种类型的事物，例如人的名字，地名，某种动物，植物等，而无需弄清具体含义; 某些新单词确实毫无头绪，也不太在乎，因为不知道一个或两个单词不会对理解本文造成障碍。如果您因为不知道新单词而感到恐慌，那么您将影响自己的发挥。
高考英语阅读理解解题方法 在阅读理解题上得分的多少很大程度上决定着高考英语的总成绩。而且,阅读量有逐渐扩大且阅读速度进一步提高的趋势;选题多种多样,涉及到社会经济、政治、文化、日常生活各个领域。 “阅读理解题”旨在全面检测考生从语段中获取有效信息的能力,依据对近些年的各省高考阅读理解题的分析、对比得知,从其设计和内容上看,可以归纳为以下几点:概括整个语段主旨大意以及事实和细节;能准确理解句子字面和深层含义;能准确理解具体的事实和抽象的概念。题型上主要有主旨大意题、词义猜测题、事实细节题、推理判断题等。 1.主旨大意题 任何一篇文章都有自己的中心思想,所以,文章通常是围绕该中心思想展开的。要领悟文章的中心思想,就要具备归纳和概括方面的能力,而这种能力又常是要考查的重点。很多文章在全文或各段的开头便展示出文章的中心思想,它主要通过主题句(Topic Sentence来体现。一般来说,文章的主题或中心都在第一段或最后一段表明。某一段的主题句也常出现在段首或段尾,而且常有一些表归纳关系的信号词,如in short, In a word, in brief, to sum up, to conclude等。其常用提问方式主要有:What is the main idea/topic of the passage? The central point of the se-lection is that. The author is mainly concerned with. The passages mainly about等。 2.语义猜测题 该题型主要测试考生利用上下文判断单词、词组或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力。常见的提问方式有:The word“…”in the context means. The word“…”could be best replaced by… Which of the following is nearest meaning to? The word“…”probably refers to.这不仅需要学生准确理解上下文,还要掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。并通过构词、语法等线索确定词义。 3.细节理解题 该题型主要测试学生对文章(或某一段落中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的辨认能力,分直接辨认和间接辨认两种。直接辨认细节型一般只要求学生能从阅读材料中直接获取、记住信息,然后能快速地将他们回忆出来;而间接辨认型不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息,还要将获得的信息进行各种转换,为阅读材料中某些词汇、短语及句型等找到正确的英语释义。如排序、图文转换、数字转换、同义(反义转换等。常见的提问方式有:Which of the following is NOT included(mentionedin the passage? Which of the following sentences is NOT true? 4.推理判断题 这种题型主要考查考生根据已知信息做出合理的推断或判断的逻辑思维能力,包括要求考生体会作者的态度、观点、意图等。常用提问方式有:We can infer/learn from the(last paragraph that. It can be concluded from the passage that. The pas-sage
英语阅读是英语学习重要的一部分，无论是中考高考、还是更高一级的英语测试，英语阅读都是重头戏。英语阅读既是英语学习者的学习目的，也是英语学习的重要手段。许多专家、教师等教育工作者都从不同的角度研讨过英语阅读方法、技巧，但很多都是从教师的角度谈如何培养学生的英语阅读能力、技巧，他们精心设计课堂来激发学生头脑中的图式（图式理论观点）。但是，在生活实际阅读中，在中考、高考中，学生都得依靠自己完成这些重要的活动。因此，笔者尝试换位思考，以学生为中心，站在学生的角度来考虑，如何培养、提高学生的英语阅读能力，我认为：应该让学生自己学会如何激活、运用、构建、丰富大脑中的图式，提高阅读能力，完善阅读技巧。 一、图式理论与阅读理解 图式（schema）一词最早出现在德国哲学家康德（Kant,1781）的著作中。德国现代心理学家巴特利特（F·Burtlett,1923）应用并发展了图式概念。20 世纪70 年代美国的人工智能专家鲁梅尔哈特Rumelhart 指出：图式理论基本上是一种关于人的知识的理论，它是关于知识是怎样被表征出来的，以及关于这种对于知识的表征如何以其特有的方式有利于知识的应用之理论。该理论强调人已经具有的知识及知识结构对当前的认知活动起决定作用。按照图式理论，人脑中所贮存的知识都组成单元，这种单元就是图式。对阅读而言，图式一般分为三种类型：语言图式（linguistic schema）、内容图式（content schema）和修辞图式（rhetorical schema）。语言图式指读者已有的语言知识，即关于语音、词汇和语法等方面的知识，它是阅读的前提条件。内容图式指读者对阅读材料所讨论主题（内容范畴）的了解程度。修辞图式指读者对阅读材料文章体裁、篇章结构的熟悉程度。 图式理论认为：任何语言信息，无论是口头的，还是书面的，本身都无意义。它只指导听者或读者根据自己的已有知识及知识结构恢复或构成意思。根据该理论，阅读理解首先是文字信息输入，然后读者在自己头脑贮存的信息中寻找能够说明所输入信息的图式。当这些图式被找到以后，读者就产生了理解，否则就不能理解，或不能完全理解。从上文分析可以看出，阅读时，需要Reader 和Writer拥有共享的一部分schemata。如图： 显然，如果Reader 和Writer 各自的原有图式没有共享的交集，那么Reader 的阅读理解就会失败。另外根据图式理论，读者接受文字信息进行阅读理解的过程是一种主动的“猜测——证实”过程，即文字符号输入人的大脑之后，人就不断地在头脑中寻找有关的图式，直至找到能说明输入信息的图式，即形成阅读理解。 现代图式理论还认为，图式是“大脑为了便于信息储存和处理，而将新事物与已有的知识、经历有机组织起来的一种知识表征形式，是互相关联的知识构成的完整的信息系统。”人民对新事物的理解和认识在一定程度上很依赖大脑已经形成的图式。根据图式理论，阅读理解归根结底是结合适合的图式填充新信息而使图式具体化的过程，填充的内容可以是直接连接或推论出的新信息。
高考完形填空解题技巧 (I) 完形填空是全国各地高考英语必考题型之一，占20分。题型特征是：一篇短文中间留20 个空格，每个空格给出4个选项，要求从中选出最佳答案填入相应的空格内。由于这种题型既考查学生的语法、词法、句法、习惯用法等英语基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查他们对短文的阅读和理解能力。这种题型综合性较强，因而难度较大。总的来说，完形填空为了测试考生实际应用英语的能力和语感。具体说来，是从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握和对英语习惯用语的熟悉程度、以及语法规则的灵活运用。因此，本文我就考试出题的三个方向、考试题型和具体解题技巧做了详细阐述： 一、考试出题的大致方向是： 1、词汇：某些词义的识别，同义词辨析。英语习惯用法的熟悉程度。 2、语法结构：语法规则的实际应用。 3、语篇句意：从语篇角度,即上下文和情景语境综合测试考生的阅读理解能力 4. 逻辑推理和生活常识 二、考试题型： （一）词汇题： 单纯地考单词或短语的释义： 1.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety ____. (‘99) A. comes off B. turns up C. pays off D. holds up 答案：C. 词汇辨析题： 主要是指同义词、近义词的辨析，这类题较难。 2.They are needed for ____ food into energy and body maintenance. (‘96) A. shifting B. transferring C. altering D. transforming 答案：D. 固定短语搭配题： 3.With it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle ____ of flyingsintosspace and returning many times. (‘92) A. capable B. suitable C. efficient D. fit 答案：A. (二)语法题： 语法结构题，主要是考结构词：代词、介词和从句连接词。 4.Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make ____ difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. (’94) A. that B. it C. so D. this答案：B. (三)语篇题： 文章的上下文决定所缺处所选择的词.这一考点要求学生根据文章的整体内容进行理解,根据层次结构和内容的逻辑关系,去选择符合文章情节的答案,这也叫情景意义的选择. 5.Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people ____ believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. (96) A. nevertheless B. therefore C. moreover D. meanwhile
阅读理解中推理、判断、计算题的答题误区与技巧点拨 阅读理解中的推断题主要考查学生透过文字表层信息，根据上下文逻辑关系进行推理、分析，挖掘文章的真正内涵，推断出材料中没有直接交待，而需要加以阐述的概念与结论。包括推断隐含意义，推断下文内容、猜测作家态度等。属较高层次的阅读。近几年来，此类题所占比例不断加大，考生对此感到棘手，现按不同类型来谈谈各自的答题误区及解题技巧。 一、根据表层含义推断深层含义。 【设题方式】题干中出现一些表示猜测或预测的词:i nfer, suggest, conclude, imply, learn, indicate , intend, purpose, be likely to…等。常见的设问方式： 1. It can be inferred/concluded/seemed from the passage that______. 2. Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage? 3. The passage implies, but doesn’t directly state that _____. 4. From the text we know/learn that …is most likely _____. 5. The story implies that _____. 【考题例证】 Passage 1 (2007全国I B) Many animals recognized their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are thing you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense. Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda(大熊猫) eats only one particular type of bamboo(竹子). Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly(蝴蝶) will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet(多样化饮食). The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season. Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animals products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life. 1. We can infer from the text that humans and animals _____. A. depend on one sense in choosing food B. are not satisfied with their food C. choosing food in similar ways D. eat entirely different food 4. We can learn from the last paragraph that ____. A. food is chosen for a good reason B. French and British food is good C. some people have few choices of food B. some people care little about healthy diet 【答案及解析】本篇文章主要讲述的是人与动物依靠感官发现并选择食物，一些动物持有的饮食行为及人类饮食特点。通过对全文三个自然段所提供的信息进行分析，1题的A项应该是片面的信息（根据A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use
高考英语阅读理解解题 技巧及经典题型 Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998
词汇、阅读速度和理解能力 阅读的方法可以使用以下几种： 1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之 类的问题最为有效。 2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅 读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。 在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点： 1.带着问题阅读短文。 2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。 3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。 4.尽快选择答案。 不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧 1.记叙文 记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。 2.说明文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 数字说明文 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 解释说明文 解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what,how,why等一类的问题。它们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读，将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。 比较说明文 比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。作者在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。但是，在一般情况下，作者的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。 3.应用文 应用文涉及的范围比较广，包括广告、通知、书信等。应用文一般语言简洁，省略及不规范的句子较多。阅读时一般 含义有更深理解，并据此进行判断和推理) 观题。 Ⅰ.事实细节题