M5 Unit1Task Writing a letter to a friend
T eaching objectives:
understand a conversation on a radio talk show
discuss friendship and practise agreeing and disagreeing
write a letter to a friend
learn and practise language skills of listening, reading, speaking and writing.
T eaching focus and difficulties:
writing down answers
the way to show agreeing and disagreeing.
writing a letter to a friend
T eaching methods:
1. Listening, reading and thinking to get students to understand the text.
2. Pair discussion and group discussion to get students to participate in the classroom activities. T eaching aids:
The multimedia
T eaching procedures:
Skills building 1:Writing down the answers
1. Lead-in
Y ou are a reporter of your school newspaper and going to have a interview with your headmaster next week, what should you do?
2. T urn to page 12 and find some guidelines
a. Questions: Prepare them in advance.
3. Listening
To make true friends, you should
A.Help them when you are free
B.always be there for them
C.always be happy before them
D.listen to what they have to say
E.be honest about yourself and your feelings
Step 1 : Calling T een T alk for advice
1. Brainstorming:
What do you do when you have a personal problem?
Would you talk to your parents or your friends and ask them for advice?
Have you ever called a radio programme for advice?
2. Read the leaflet about Teen Talk and do the exercise in Part A
Step 2: discussing friendship with others
1. Look at the table of part A on page 15
Have a discussion on friendship and asks your classmates at least three questions for their opinions on friendship.
Note the responses in the table.
2.Discussion (pair work)
Discuss the following statements on friendship and decide whether you agree or disagree with
them.
Friendship is an important part of my life.
A good friend must be honest, kind and have a sense of humour.
One or two good friends are better than 100 acquaintances.
Step 3: Writing a letter to your friend
1.Write a letter to a friend about what his or her friendship means to you. using information gathered in Step 1 and
2.
2.Group work: each member of the group contributes something to the planning of the outline of the letter.
3. Write the letter based on the outline in Part A on page 17.
Consider the suggestions carefully
your feelings about friendship
the qualities of a good friend
your feelings about best friends
what makes a good friendship last
4.Presentation
Let’s invite several groups to read their letters to the class
Homework
Finish any additional exercises
Preview the Project
教后反思：__________________________________________________
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初二英语一般过去时语法知识点讲解 学习内容： ·什么是一般过去时 ·1秒钟识别一般过去时 ·2个词走遍一般过去 ·听话的动词小朋友过去式变化 ·叛逆的动词小朋友过去式变态 什么是一般过去时 一般现在时的反义词 这是一般过去时 I walk my dog every day. 我每天都遛狗 I didn't walk my dog yesterday，because it was too cold. 我昨天没有遛狗，因为昨天太冷了。 这是一般过去时 ·过去的某个时间 ·发生的动作 ·或者状态
1秒钟识别一般过去 Every day yesterday the day before yesterday Every week last week last year Every year two days ago Last系列before系列ago系列just now 2个词走遍一般过去 Be 动词实义动词Am was do did Is were Are 听话的动词小朋友 1.一般情况，直接加ed Walk- open- want- 2.以不发音的e 结尾，去e+ed Live- move- hope- 3.以辅元辅重读闭音节结尾，双写加ed Stop- plan- beg-
4.以辅音字母+y结尾，把y变成i+ed Study- carry- cry- 叛逆的动词小朋友 没有变化 Put 放- cut切- hurt伤害- Read读- let让- hit打- Cost花费- 叛逆的动词小朋友 变态 变a 变ght 变t 变ew 变o 变a https://www.doczj.com/doc/af14115302.html,e- 2. become- 3. begin- 4.drink- 5.have- 变ght 1.Drink- 2.fight- 3.bring- 4. buy- 5.catch- 变t 1.feel- 2.sleep- 3. sweep- 4. keep- 5.Spend- 变ew 1.blow- 2.know- 3.grow- 4.draw- 5.throw-
一般过去时 【概念引入】 I. 何时使用一般过去时？ 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。 例如：Lin Tao left for Shanghai at 8:00 yesterday morning. 林涛昨天早上八点去上海了。 He was ill last night. 昨晚他生病了。 它可以具体分为以下几种情况： 1）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 例如：Li Tao always went to work by bus last term. 上学期李涛一直乘公共汽车上班。 2）表示已故的人曾经做过的事情。 例如：Lao She wrote many great works. 老舍写过许多脍炙人口的作品。 3）表示过去所发生的一系列的动作。 例如：The old man came into the room, took off his clothes and went to bed. 这位老人走进屋，脱下衣服，然后上床睡觉了。 Mr. Black got up at six o'clock this morning, dressed, had breakfast, and went to work. 布莱克先生今天早上六点起床、穿衣服、吃饭，然后去上班了。 II.如何识别一般过去时？ 每个时态都会有其独特的标志性词语（主要是时间状语），我们可以称其为“标志词”。一般过去时常见的标志词有： 1. yesterday, the day before yesterday. 2. last week / year / month / term …(简称last系列) 3. two hours ago, three years ago, a moment ago…(简称ago系列) 4. in / on + 过去的年/月/日，如in 1999, on April, 2005 5. just now, once upon a time, one day… 【用法讲解】 Ⅰ. be动词的一般过去时。 在使用一般过去时的句子中，如果句子的谓语是be动词，就要将be动词变为过去式。 主语是第一、第三人称单数，be用was；如果是第二人称或者其他人称复数，be用were。 它的一般疑问句是把was（were）提到句首；否定句是在was（were）的后面加not。特殊疑问句是在一般疑问句的前面加特殊疑问词。 例如：My mother was busy last night. 我的妈妈昨天晚上很忙。（肯定句） We weren’t at school at that time. 那时我们不在学校。（否定句） Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗？（一般疑问句） Where were you last night? 你昨天晚上在哪里？（特殊疑问句）注意：there be句型中be动词的使用。 当主语是单数名词或者不可数名词时be动词用单数；当主语是名词复数时be动词用复数。例如：There was a strong wind just now. 刚才有一阵强风。 There were many people in the supermarket last night. 昨天晚上超市有很多人。 Ⅱ. 行为动词的一般过去时。
最新英语语法一般过去时归纳总结 一、单项选择一般过去时 1．Little _____ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. A．did Mary care B．Mary did care C．Mary does care D．does Mary care 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：虽然她自己也身处危险之中，玛丽一点也不在乎她自己的安全。本句中little表示否定含义，位于句首，要用倒装结构。结合语境可知本句描述的是过去的动作，故助动词用过去时态，选A。 考点：考查时态及倒装结构。 2．--- Such a small mistake could have been avoided. --- Yes. But I too nervous to see the zero. A．am B．have been C．was D．had been 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态。句意：——这样一个小错误本来是可以避免的。——是的。但是我太紧张了，看不到零点。由could have been avoided（本来可以避免）可知双方在谈论过去的事。故选C。 3．I’ve known Sarah for nearly ten years. She _________ once my customer. A．is B．has been C．was D．had been 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：本题考查的是时态。句意：我认识Sarah 近十年了。她曾经是我的一个顾客。根据句意可知，Sarah 曾经是我的一个顾客，即现在不是了，所以选择C was 一般过去时，表示过去的事实， A is 表示现在的事实； B has been 过去发生的动作，但是现在仍然是D had been 过去的过去。 考点：考查时态 4．When I___ to the cinema, the film___ for 5 minutes. A．got, had begun B．get, will begin C．got, had been on D．got, has been on 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
初中英语一般过去时专项练习 一、写出下列动词的过去式 is\am_________ ?fly_______ ?plant________ ?are ________ ?drink_________ play_______ ???go________ ?make ________ does_________ ?dance________ worry________ ?ask _____ ??taste_________ ?eat__________ draw________ put ______ ???throw________ kick_________ ?pass_______ ??do ________ 二、用be动词的适当形式填空。 1. I ______ an English teacher now. 2. She _______ happy yesterday. 3. They _______ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends. 5. The little dog _____ two years old this year. 6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here. 7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday. 8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the st udents ______ very excited. 三、句型变换。 There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句：__________________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：__________________________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________________ 否定回答：__________________________________________________________ 2 They played football in the playground. 否定句：__________________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：__________________________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________________ 否定回答：__________________________________________________________ 四、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
必修五语法重点练习题 第一单元三种形态作定语和表语 练习一、用括号中的词的正确形式填空 1.Have you read the novel by Dickens.（write） 2.I know the man on the bench.（sleep） 3.Listen! The song is very popular with the students.（sing） 4.The students the meeting will arrive here tomorrow. （attend）【总结】非谓语作定语 现在分词V-ing being done 主动；进行, 被动；进行 过去分词V-ed 被动；完成；状态 不定时to do 将来，目的，计划 【加强练习】 1. Do you know the boy ___________ (lie) under the big tree? 2. You will see this product _____ (make) in this factory advised wherever you go. 3. --- What’s the language ____________(speak) in New Zealand? -- English. 4. There are many people ______________ (want) to buy cars in the modern world. 5. The car _____________ (produce) in Germany in the 1960s looks old now. 6. --- What are on show in the museum? -- Some pictures ____________(draw) by the Africans. 7. What is the best way do you think ____________ (protect) the wild animals? 8. There was a sudden burst of light (show) a terrible noise. 9. The problems (discuss)at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve． 10. The words _______ (start) with “L” aren’t easily forgotten 练习二、表语从句练习请根据句意填进正确的引导词 1. The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week. 2．The reason why he failed is _____he was too careless. 3. Go and get your coat. It’s _____you left. 4. What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us. 5. The reason is_________I missed the bus. 6. That is_________ we were late last time. 【总结】在表语从句中，从句充当了表语的成分。 练习三、非谓语作表语练习 1. In April, thousands of holiday-makers remained___abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud(火山灰). stick abroad 坚持出国 A.sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck 2.The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _______it more difficult. A. not making B. not make C. not to make D. to not make https://www.doczj.com/doc/af14115302.html,dies and gentlemen, please remain_______until the plane has come to a complete stop. A. seated B. seating C. to sea t D. seat 4.He lost all his money when travelling long distance. The only thing he could do was____his wife for help. A. calling B. call C. called D. calls 5. What Tom said is______at the next meeting. A. to discuss B. to be discussed C. discussing D. to have discussed
人教版英语初一年级英语英语一般过去时知识点及答案 一、初中英语一般过去时 1．—The bread is really delicious. —Thank you, I ________ it myself. A. make B. made C. will make D. am making 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：—面包真的很好吃。—谢谢，我自己做的。根据句意“面包美味可口”得知面包已做好，则说自己做的应为过去的动作，因此应使用一般过去时态。故答案选B。 【点评】考查动词时态的辨析。注意根据语境判断出动作是什么时候发生的从而确定时态。 2．－Have you finished your homework? －Yes, I have. I it this morning. A. finish B. finishes C. finished D. have finished 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：你完成你的作业了吗？——是的，我完成了。我今天早晨完成的。结合语境可知下文描述的是过去某时发生的动作，故用一般过去时态。选C。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。英语疑问句中一般具有时态上的对应关系，注意结合这一特点进行区分。 3．—I am sorry I _______ my exercise book at home. — Don't forget _______ it to school tomorrow. A. forget; to take B. left; to bring C. forgot; to bring D. left; to take 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】forget忘记；leave留下；bring带来；take带走。句意：抱歉，我把我的练习本忘在家里了。——明天不要忘了把它带到学校来。Forget后接动名词表示忘记做过的某事，接不定式是忘记去做某事，结合语境可知上文描述的是刚才发生的动作，故从句谓语动词用过去时态，下文表示不要忘记做某事，选A。 【点评】该题型是属于基础题型，是必考内容。英语动词同汉语一样具有一词多义，一词多性的特点。解答此类问题首先要理解每个单词的基本含义，并注意交叉含义间的区别，了解其特殊用法及习惯搭配等特点，然后结合语境选择正确答案。英语宾语从句的时态和主句没有必然的联系，需结合语境进行具体分析。 4．A bridge ________over the river last year.
英语语法一般过去时 一般过去时的基本结构 1. 肯定句形式：主语+动词过去式+其他 I was an English teacher one year ago. 一年前我是一名英语老师。 I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我买了一条黄裙子。 2. 否定句形式：①was/were+not; ②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词 I wasn't an English teacher one year ago. 一年前我不是一名英语老师。 I didn't buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我没买一条黄裙子。 3. 一般疑问句：①was/were提到句首；②Did+主语+动词原形+其他？ Were you an English teacher one year ago? 一年前你是一名英语老师吗？ Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午你买了一条黄裙子吗？ 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 What were you one year ago? 一年前你是做什么的？
When did you buy a yellow dress? 你什么时候买了一条黄裙子？ 一般过去时的基本用法 1. 表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态（与现在无关）。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等过去具体时间状语连用。 He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。 What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事？ 2. 在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。 We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。 注：表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to 和would。 He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟，但现在不抽了。 Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难，他都会帮助我们。 3. 表示主语过去的特征或性格。 At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。 4. 一般过去时有时可以表示现在，多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用，使语气更委婉。 I wondered if you could help me.
一般过去时的用法（打印3份） 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：last year, yesterday等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。 例如：I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。 Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。 注意：也可以用“used to +动词原形”表示过去经常或反复的动作。 eg. We used to get up early. 我以前总是早起。（意指现在不早起了） 1.一般过去时的形式： 动词be: 第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was, 其余的人称一律用were。 动词have: 一律用had, 没有人称和数的变化。 行为动词：一律用过去式，没有人称和数的变化，行为动词的过去式有两类，一类是规则动词，另一类是不规则动词。 一般过去时动词的肯定、否定、一般疑问句和简略回答以及特殊疑问句的形式见列表： 肯定、否定形式
行为动词的过去时的否定式，要使用助动词 do 的过去式did，后面的谓语动词要还原为原形。注意：在非正式语如口语中，was not, were not, had not和did not 可以分别缩写成wasn’t, weren’t, hadn’t和didn’t。 一般疑问句和简略回答 特殊疑问句和简略回答 2.一般过去时的几种句型（这里只讲行为动词） 肯定句结构为：主语+动词的过去式+其他。如：He went to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天去玩具店了。
一般过去时 1.一般过去时:表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 2.一般过去时结构: 1）Be 动词:主语+Be 的过去式（was /were）+其它。 2）实义动词：主语+V-ed+其它。 3.一般过去时的标志词: yesterday 昨天yesterday morning 昨天上午last year 去年 just now 刚才 two days ago 两天前in 1999 在1999 年情景提示等。 4.一般过去时的肯定式、否定式、疑问式及简略回答。 1)Be 动词: (1)肯定句:主语+was/were +其它. I was late yesterday. 昨天我迟到了。 We were primary students 5 years ago. (2)否定句:主语+was /were＋not +其它. We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到) (3)一般问句:be 动词提前。Was/Were + 主语+其它? I was ill yesterday. (改一般疑问句) →Were you ill yesterday? （你昨天病了吗？） 肯定回答：Yes, I was. (是的，我病了。) 否定回答：No, I wasn't. (不，我没病。) (4)特殊问句:对谓语动词进行提问的：疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋其它(一
般疑问句)？I was born in 1997. →When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？ 2)实义动词： (1)肯定句:主语+V-ed +其它。 I called up my good friend just now. (2)否定句: 主语+didn’t +V 原形+其它 I didn’t argue with Tom last week. (3)一般问疑句：Did +主语+ V 原形+其它？ I bought a souvenir in 2010. (改一般疑问句) →Did you buy a souvenir in 2010? 肯定回答：Yes, I did. 否定回答：No, I didn’t. (4)特殊疑问句: 疑问词+did +主语+ V 原形+其它？ I went to HongKong last year. →Where did you go to HongKong last year? 5.变化规则 （1）、规则动词的变化规则： （1）一般情况下在词尾直接加ed。如：play―played work―worked （2）以e 结尾的动词只加d. 如：like--- liked love―loved , （3）以辅音字母+Y 结尾的动词，变Y 为I，再加ed. 如：study―studied carry―carried （4）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写最后这个辅音字母，再加ed. 如stop―stopped
一般过去时的用法及结构 一.一般过去时的基本用法 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也可以表示过去经常反复发生的动作.常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago等. 例句:I got up at 6:30 yesterday. My father was very busy last week. 二.一般过去时的基本结构 1.肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其他或者主语+was/were+其他 例句:I played tennis lat weekend. My school trip was great. 2.否定句:主语+didn't+动词原形+其他或者主语+wasn't/weren't+其他 例句:The girl didn't play computer games yesterday afternoon. Old Herry wasn't happy last Friday. 3.一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其他+? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+did或者Yes,主语+was/were 否定回答:No,主语+didn't或者是No,主语+wasn't/weren't 例句: ---Did you go to the beach? ---Yes,we did/No,we didn't. ---Was your weekend Ok? ---Yes,it was./No,it wasn't. 4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问词 例句: ----What did Li Lei do last weekend? ----He visited his grandparents. ----Where were you yesterday? ----I was at home. 三.动词的过去时: 1.be动词:am,is----was; are---were 2.规则动词的变化 (1)一般在词末尾加ed,walked,palyed,wanted (2)以不发e结尾的动词末尾只加d,loved,decided (3)词尾是"辅音字母+y"的动词.先将y变为i,再加ed,study--studied,carry--carried (4)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写该辅音字母,再加ed,stopped,palnned 3.不规则变化 (1)go--went,make--made,get---got,but--bought,come--came, fly--flew (2)把动词原形中的i改为a,begin--began,drink--drank,give-gave,ring-rang,sing-sang,sit,sat,swim-swam (3)把重读闭音节中的i变为o,drive-drove,ride-rode,write-wrote
初中英语一般过去时练习题及答案 一、改错题 1.How is Jane yesterday? 2.He go to school by bus last week. 3．He often goes home at 6:00 last month. 4．I can fly kites seven years ago. 5.Did you saw him just now. 6.Tom wasn’t watch TV last night. 7.I didn’t my homework yesterday. 8.He wait for you three hours ago. 9.Who find it just now ? 二、按要求变换句型。 1.Father bought me a new bike. （同义句） Father bought me. 2.Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句） Frank an interesting book about history? 3.He’s cleaning his rooms. （划线提问）he ? 4.Why not go out for a walk? （同义句） out for a walk? 5.Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句） Thomas RMB 10 on this book. 6.My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问） family last week? 7.I didn’t have any friends. （一般疑问句） have friends? 8.I think she is Lily’s sister. （否定句） 9.Sally often does some reading in the morning. （否定句） Sally often some reading in the morning. 10.He is a tall, thin boy. （划线提问） he ? 三：句型转换 They read English last night. 否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯定/否定回答： 对划线部分提问： 四：用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.Tom and Mary (come) to China last month. 2.Mike (not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night.So I (get ) up late. 3.Mary (read) English yesterday morning. 4.There (be) no one here a moment ago. 5.I (call) Mike this morning.
邹老师 一般过去时的用法及结构 一.一般过去时的基本用法 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也可以表示过去经常反复发生的动作.常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago等. 例句:I got up at 6:30 yesterday.
邹老师 My father was very busy last week. 二.一般过去时的基本结构 1.肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其他或者主语+was/were+其他 例句:I played tennis lat weekend. My school trip was great. 2.否定句:主语+didn't+动词原形+其他或者主语+wasn't/weren't+
邹老师 其他 例句:The girl didn't play computer games yesterday afternoon. Old Herry wasn't happy last Friday. 3.一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其他+? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+did或者Yes,主语+was/were
邹老师 否定回答:No,主语+didn't或者是No,主语+wasn't/weren't 例句: ---Did you go to the beach? ---Yes,we did/No,we didn't. ---Was your weekend Ok? ---Yes,it was./No,it wasn't. 4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问词 例句:
必修五知识点总结 Unit 1: 1. put forward: 提出（计划、建议等）；将…提前；把钟表拨快 e.g. He put forward a good plan for this project. 他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。 The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比赛已经提前到一点半举行。 Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把钟表拨快十分钟。 【词语联想】 ? put away: 收起来；贮存，储蓄 ? put down: 放下；写下，记下 ? put off: 推迟；延期 ? put on: 穿上；增加；上演（戏剧） e.g. put on weight: 增加了体重put on a new play: 上演新戏剧 ? put up: 张贴；撑开（帐篷） e.g. put up a poster put up a tent: 搭起帐篷 2. conclude: v. 作结论，断定（conclusion: n. 结论） e.g. The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪审团认定他有罪。 【习惯用语】★draw a conclusion 作出结论 3. defeat vt.打败, 击败, 战胜；使(希望, 计划等)失败, 挫败; 阻挠, 使无效 e.g. He finally conceded defeat. 他最终承认了失败。 ◆区别: defeat, conquer, overcome ? defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g. defeat th e enemy 打败敌人。 e.g. conquer nature 特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”， ? conquer指“征服”、”战胜”， ? overcome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, e.g. overcome difficulties 4. attend: v. 1) to be present at; go to (meeting, conference, lecture...) 出席；参加 e.g. He decided to attend the meeting himsel f. 他决定亲自赴会。 2) to look after, care for, serve 照顾；看护。 e.g. Which doctor is attending to (on) you? 哪位医生护理你？ 3）to go with 伴随 e.g. The work was attended with much difficulty. 这项工作带来许多困难。 5. expose...to... e.g. Don't expose your skin to the sun for too long. They had to be exposed to the enemy's gunfire. 6. blame sb. for sth.因为某事责备某人 e.g. He blamed the boy for his mistake. ★be to blame: 应受责备，应负责任 Who is to blame for the mistake？这个错误应归咎于谁？ 7. in addition: 除此之外，另外, 意思相当于besides, what's more e.g. I paid 100 Yuan in addition. In addition to English, he has to study a second language. ◆区别: in addition to, except, besides,beside ? in addition to：除…之外，还有…，表示递进关系。 e.g. The company provided the workers with free lunch in addition to paid holidays. 这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期，还有免费午餐。 ? except:除…之外，表示在整体中排除， e.g. Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外, 所有人都收到了请柬. ? besides 表示“除了……以外，还有……”，与in addition to 同义，
一般过去时口诀 一般过去并不难，表示过去(动作、状态)记心间。动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。 否定句很简单，didn't动词(原形)前，其它部分不要变。 疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，其它部分依次站。 特殊疑问也简单，疑问句首记心间。最后一条请注意，动词过去要牢记。 1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为； 2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month, 具体时间, just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前), 3.动词变化规则：规则变化：1 直接加ed eg：work worked worked 2 以不发音的e结尾的，+d eg：live lived lived 3 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed eg：study stuied stuied 4 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed eg： stop stopped stopped 不规则变化例如相等 eg：cut cut read read<注：read和read读音不同！> sit sat have/has -- had, eat--ate ,see--saw 4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为 动词。
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy. 6.一般过去式的构成形式： 一般过去时表示 句式：主语+过去动词+其他 I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。 (1) He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子，抽烟抽得可凶了。 (2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等。 Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗？（你现在不饿吗？） Yes, I have. 是的，我已经吃过了。（已经吃饱了，不想再吃了。）
一般过去时 一般过去时由动词的过去式表示，表示过去发生的动作或状态。过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化。 一般过去时的构成： a. be动词过去式的句式。否定句是在was/were后面加not，was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't)。一般疑问句是把was / were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大写。 b.实义动词过去式的句式。 ①肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其它。 如：They had a good time yesterday. ②否定式：主语+did not(didn't)+动词原形+其它。如：They didn't watch TV last night. ③一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？肯定回答：Yes，主语+did.否定回答：No，主语+didn't. 如：Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes，they did. / No，they didn't. ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？如：What time did you finish your homework? 一般过去时的用法： ①一般过去时的基本用法 a)表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 He suddenly fell ill yesterday. 昨天他突然生病了。 The engine stopped because the fuel was used up. 发动机因燃料用光而停机了。 b)表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 I wrote home once a week at college. 我上大学时每周给家里写一封信。 He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood. 他童年时就养成了广泛阅读的习惯。 注：表示过去的习惯性动作，除了用过去时外，还可以用used to或would来表示。 She used to study late into the night when she was in Senior Three. 她上高三时经常学习到深夜。 He would sit for hours doing nothing. 过去他常常一坐几个钟头什么事也不做。 c)表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。 She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully. 她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。 The students go up early in the morning, did morning exercises and then read English aloud in the open air. 学生们很早起床，做早操，然后在室外朗读英语。 d)在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将要发生的动作。 We would not leave until the teacher came back. 老师回来我们才会离开。 She told me she would not go if it rained the next day. 她告诉我如果第二天下雨的话，她就不去了。