2012级（秋）硕士生《基础英语》考室安排
考试时间：第19周星期六（2013年1月12日）上午9：00----11：00
考试地点：？
接研究生院通知，本学期研究生基础英语期末考试定在第19周星期六上午九点至11点进行，请通知学生做好准备：
1. 考试的教室尚在安排之中，请学生注意看研究生院在网上的通知和学生的个人平台；
2. 学生考试时需提前15分钟到指定教室参加考试；
3. 学生考试时需带有效身份证件；
4. 缓考，重修的学生需在考试之前一周之内到研究生院培养办登记，方能参加考试，否则后果自负。
Part I. Reading Comprehension (40%) 水平考试
(见Reading 10; 雅思阅读及各单元补充试题)Topic paragraph & sentences; supporting paragraphs & sentences; conclusion; transitional words or phrases
Part II. Translation from English into Chinese (20%) (见参考译文)
Part III. Translation from Chinese into English (20%) 水平考试
(见以下补充练习)
汉译英提示1：主语确定原则
由于英语是主语显著语(subject-prominent language), 构建在主谓轴(subject-predicate pivot)上，主语决定了句法结构；汉语为语义性语言，其中主语的重要性相对较低，无主语的现象比比皆是。因此在汉英转化中最重要的就是确定主语，主语选择成功了，句子越翻越顺；选择失败，考生越翻越累。主语的确定归根结底有三种方法：使用原主语；重新确定主语；增补主语。
1. （使用原主语）你看到的是半杯水还是杯中空的一半呢？你关注的是炸面包圈（doughnut）还是其中的空洞呢？当科研人员研究积极思维的作用时，这些陈词滥调（clichés）徒然间都是科学问题了。研究证明，乐观能使人更快乐，健康和成功。相反，悲观则导致绝望，生病和失败。如果你转变思想---从悲观主义变为乐观主义---你就能改变你的人生。
Do you see the glass as half full rather than half empty? Do you keep your eyes upon the doughnut, not upon the hole? Suddenly these clichés are scientific questions, as researchers study the power of positive thinking. Research is proving that optimism can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure. If you change your mind—from pessimism to optimism—you can change your life.
2. 感恩是一项重要的人生哲学，是生活的大智慧。（增补）人生在世，任何人都不可能时时幸运成功。对于各种失败和不幸，我们应该学会豁达大度，勇敢面对，并想办法解决。如此，我们是应该抱怨生活，从此沮丧气馁呢？（增补）还是对生活满怀感恩之心，跌倒后再爬起来呢? 如果对生活感恩，你的生命将充满灿烂的阳光；如果（增补）一味怨恨，（增补）终将一无所获。
Being grateful is an important philosophy of life and a great wisdom. It is impossible for anyone to be lucky and successful all the time so long as he lives in the world. We should learn
how to face failure or misfortune bravely and generously and to try to deal with it. If so, should we complain about our life and become frustrated and disappointed ever since then or should we be grateful for our life, rise again after a fall? If you are grateful to life, it will bring you shining sunlight. If you always complain about everything, you may own nothing in the end.
3. 当今快速的经济发展是否合乎人意是有很多（重新确定主语）讨论的。那些批评经济发展的人主张我们必须减速。他们相信社会正在接近某种发展极限。这其中包括固定不变的自然资源供应以及工业对自然环境可能造成的消极影响。然而那些想要更多更快发展经济的人则主张，即使按目前的发展速度仍然还有许多穷人。他们坚持认为只有持续的发展才能创造提高生活质量所必需的资本，才能提供保护自然环境不受工业化破坏所需的财力资源。
There is much discussion today about whether fast economic growth is desirable. Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth. These include the fixed (unchanging 固定不变的) supply of natural resources, and the possible negative effects of industry on the natural environment. People who want more and faster economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate, there are still many poor people. They maintain that only continued growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life and provide the financial resources required to protect our natural surroundings from industrialization.
4. 有关应用科学和先进技术影响力的辩论已获得广泛关注。现代科技无疑已给人类提供了极大便利。但在另一方面也（增补）导致了一些严重问题，诸如各种污染，温室效应，原子弹及其它对我们生存的威胁。因此，我们不得不学会在仔细规划和控制的条件下应用高技术。
The debate regarding the effects of applied science and advanced technology has gained wide attention. It is no doubt that modern science and technology have offered great convenience to human beings. But on the other hand they have also resulted in some serious problems such as all kinds of pollution, greenhouse effect, nuclear bombs and other threats to our very existence. Therefore, we have to learn to use high-tech under careful planning and control.
汉译英提示2：谓语最小化原则
在汉译英中，动词的考察是必然的。其中动词和其他成分的转换也是重中之重。如果考生把所有的动词都翻译成动词的话，只能说明其还属于“入门”境界。我们在翻译中一定要注意动词和其他词性的转换，常见减少谓语的方法有：a）把动词变成名词; b）使用介词短语; c）使用分词短语; d）多使用to 表示目的的状语; e）把并列谓语中最后一个谓语处理成“，which”的非限制性定语从句。
1. 对企业来说，在线培训也许效果更好。例如，福特的员工现在就可以下载系列课程，其中一课有关“倾听并处理棘手情况”。按其设计，所有课程均能使学员在10至15分钟内消化某课程的一个单元。公司声称，在过去半年里，培训费用已削减了200万美元，因为几乎没有人为了去某个培训班学习而离开他们的办公桌。
For businesses, training may work better online. For example, Ford employees can now download a range of courses, including one on “Listening and Handling Tough Situations”, all designed for digestion of a unit in a particular course in 10 or 15 minutes. The company claims to have cut training costs by $2 million during the past six months, as few people leave their desks to learn in a certain training class.
2. 承认我们深受偏见的影响没有什么不光彩的。这正是我们需要教育的原因。教育恰好可以(动词变成名词)不断发现隐藏在我们头脑里的如同电脑病毒一样的无知和偏见。除非我们保持警惕，不断检查电脑并清
除所有病毒，否则，某一天我们就会深陷麻烦。我们不知道在什么时候什么地方它们就会袭击我们，(使用介词短语)带来严重后果。
It is no disgrace to admit that we are all heavily influenced by prejudices. And this is precisely the reason why we all need education. Education is just the progressive discovery of our ignorance and prejudices which are hidden in our mind like computer virus in a computer. And unless we stay alert and check our computer constantly and wipe out all the viruses, we will be in serious trouble some day. We will not know when and where they will hit us with serious consequences.
汉译英提示3：汉译英的合并译法
汉译英时，往往必须先找出主谓框架树起主干，然后将各种关系词、短语（介词短语、名词短语）、附加成分（同位语、插入语）、分词结构、从句（定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句）等添加到主干，使树木枝繁叶茂。翻译汉语的多个分句时，注意分析各个分句之间的逻辑关系，确定好主从关系，采用恰当的方式进行连接。
1. 我们必须抓住新的机遇，迎接新的挑战，采取更加有力的措施，以更为积极地姿态扩大对外开放，力争对外贸易和吸收外资有新的增长。
We must seize new opportunities and meet new challenges. We must open ourselves wider to the outside world more actively, and take more effective measures to expand foreign trade and absorb more foreign funds.
评：本句包含5个小分句：我们必须抓住新的机遇（1），迎接新的挑战（2），采取更加有力的措施（3），以更为积极地姿态扩大对外开放（4），力争对外贸易和吸收外资有新的增长（5）。分析各个分句之间的逻辑关系，可以发现（1）和（2）是并列关系，添加and进行连接，（3）和（4）是并列关系，（5）是其目的，因此，三个分句连为一体，（3)and(4)to(5)。
当然，这两个部分之间还存在着总和分的关系，前两句说得比较笼统，后三句说明了具体的措施和做法，英语句子体现具体信息的部分往往可以利用分词结构表达，所以本句还有一种译法：We must seize new opportunities and meet new challenges，opening ourselves wider to the outside world more actively, and taking more effective measures to expand foreign trade and absorb more foreign funds.
2. 企业间更密切的合作是当今企业发展的一大趋势。中国将进一步发展经济，扩大对外开放，为海外企业提供更多商机。改革开放以来，中国企业与海外企业已积极有力地开展了经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业在帮助中国企业发展的同时也在合作中获得了利益，因此是互利共赢的。中国政府愿意继续提供便利设施和必要条件，以促使中国企业与海外企业更密切合作。
Closer cooperation between enterprises is a major trend in enterprise development today. China will develop its economy further and open itself still wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since China’s reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have vigorously undertaken economic and technical cooperation with overseas enterprises and scored (achieved; make) tremendous achievements. While helping Chinese enterprises develop, overseas enterprises have also benefited from the cooperation, hence mutual benefit and win-win. The Chinese Government stands (is) ready to continue to offer facilities and necessary conditions for closer cooperation between Chinese enterprises and their overseas counterparts.
3. 人们决定学习外语也许是出于多种原因。他们（增补）也许是为了某种最近的目的---满足某个公共考试的要求，或从国外度假中获得更大乐趣和享受。商人们也许不得不直接或间接处理外国信函；研究者也许认识到，不用等待翻译人员，就能阅读外国报刊杂志刚刚发表的有关学科最新进展的报告是何等重要。
学习一门新语言意味着接近一个新世界，必定会扩展一个人的智力体验。
People may decide to study foreign languages for various reasons. They may do so for the immediate purpose of satisfying the requirements of some public examination or of getting greater fun and enjoyment out of a holiday abroad. Men of business may have to deal directly or indirectly with foreign correspondence and researchers may realize the importance of being able to read the latest accounts of advances made in their subject as soon as they are published in foreign journals, without waiting for a translator. Learning a new language implies approaching a new world, and it inevitably leads to a widening of intellectual experience.
Part IV. Practical Writing (20%) 水平考试(见以下范文)
写作提示How to use transitional words or phrases correctly In order to organize a good paragraph or composition, you should learn to use transitions （转换词）properly. When a runner in a relay race passes his wand（接力棒）to another team member, his team keeps moving ahead. When a writer uses transitions, he keeps his ideas moving ahead.
Transitions are words or phrases that join one idea to another. They add coherence(连贯性)to writing by joining ideas together. You can write good paragraphs by using transitions correctly.
Transitions placed in sentences within a paragraph make it easier for a reader to follow the movement of an idea from one sentence to the next.
1. 次序：First and foremost, First, Firstly, Second, Secondly, third, thirdly,
then=next=after that=afterwards.
例: Then you come to a traffic light and turn right.
2. 强调：Certainly=Surely=really=truly=indeed, above all=most important
As a matter of fact=in reality=to tell the truth.
例: Above all, do not build an open fire in a forest.
Indeed a dessert is always enjoyable.
I am going there tomorrow, as a matter of fact.
3. 说明：For example, for instance, such, so=thus=in this / that way=like this,
in fact=in truth=really
例: Thus the trip finally began.
Such an earthquake happened last year in China.
So it was that he had his first sight of snow.
For eight years she was in fact spying for the enemy.
4. 对照：whereas=but in contrast=while, On the contrary, instead of, on the other hand.
instead=as an alternative
例: The husband wanted a boy, whereas the wife wanted a girl.
We’ve no coffee. Would you like tea instead?
Let’s play cards instead of watching TV.
5. 比较：like, unlike, as…as, Similarly, Equally important, In the same way,
At the same time=Meanwhile, Compared with…
例: Equally important the car drives thirty miles on a gallon of gas.
I went to college. Meanwhile, all my friends got well-paid jobs.
6. 并列/补充：Besides, Furthermore, Moreover, also, On top of…=In addition=Additionally,
too, as well, What is more, both…and, not only…but also.
例: I did not like the house; moreover, it was too high-priced.
7. 转折(make a statement less general or extreme)：As a matter of fact, However=though,
Nevertheless(fml)=in spite of this=still, Unfortunately, Conversely, Yet, but.
例: We hope, though, that she could change her mind.
Yet there was still a chance that he would win.
8. 让步：although= though, after all, Nevertheless(fml)=in spite of this=still
例: After all, you learn to cook many foods in this job.
Though very intelligent, she is nevertheless rather modest.
Still, a winter vacation can be pleasant / fun.
9. 结果/后果：Hence=for this reason, as a result=Therefore=For that reason=Consequently,
Thus=As a result of this=Accordingly, so…that, otherwise, then=in that case=therefore 例: Consequently, we opened an account at the bank.
Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he was dead. 10. 目的：to, in order to (fml)= so as to, so that=in order that
例︰He left early in order that he should/would/might arrive on time.
She works hard so that her husband suspects nothing.
11. 结论/总结: As you can see, As I have said, Obviously, Apparently, To sum / end up,
To conclude, In brief / short / summary / conclusion / a word, By and large=All in all 例: In summary, recreation is big business.
By and large, the company’s been pretty good to me.
本学期期末考试写作部分主要考察学生的实用写作能力，本次考试以信函为主。主要在以下三种信函中选择一种信函进行考试：
1. 询问信
2. .邀请信
3. 建议信（文字要求：150字左右。）
实用写作样本
I. Asking for information
Sample 1
Dear Sir/Madam：
I am a senior at the Department of Computer Science, Southeast University，expecting to graduate in July this year. I am writing to inquire about the possibility of being enrolled in your university as a graduate student as of September, 2012.
In the past three years，I have majored in Computer Science. Presently, I am doing my graduation project. Enclosed is the transcript of all the subjects which I have so far completed at my university．I received an excellent score in the College English Test Band-Six（CET-6）sponsored by the Educational Commission of China and therefore my knowledge of English is adequate for me to continue my studies in the U．S．A．
Please send me information on admission to your university．As I have no relatives in the U．S．A．, I would also like to know about the procedures for applying for financial aid. Thank you very much. I look forward to hearing from you soon．
Yours sincerely，
（Mr.）Zhang Hua
Sample 2
Directions: If you are a student of Chongqing University and you want to apply to the Graduate School for pursuit of the International Business Program of the New York University. Write the applying letter like following:
1) Declare all your situations in Chongqing University.
2) What do you want to apply for?
You should write about 100 words and don’t need to write address.
Dear Mr. Smiths,
Thank you for your last letter. As you require, I have written a personal statement to give a detailed description of my academic and work experience in Chongqing University. I also wrote my reasons for my applying to your Graduate School for pursuit of the International Business Program.
I have two letters of recommendation for me. One of them is from an English Professor, which proves that my English has reached an advanced level. The other is from an economics professor, which certificates that I am good in the field of economics and business management. Both of the letters will be mailed directly to you. My GMAT score is 2160. I haven’t received my TOFEL score yet. But I will send it to you as soon as I know.
Best Wishes
Yours sincerely,
×××
II. Invitation
Sample 1: Directions: You want to invite Mr. Wallace to give a speech on “Ameri can literature”. Write a letter to him and say.
1) the purpose of the invitation.
2) the time of the lecture
It should be less than 100 words.
You don’t need write the address.
Dear Mr. Wallace,
We know that you are an expert on literature. As students in English major, we want to know some details about literature. We should be very grateful if you could give a talk on “American Literature” to students of the English Department on Saturday, April 19. If this subject does not suit you, any other similar topic would be welcome as well.
We have already had several very interesting talks from distinguished visitors from various countries this semester and we look forward eagerly to the opportunity to benefit from your experience and wisdom.
Sincerely yours,
×××
Sample 2
Directions: Write an invitation to Mr John Sze, inviting him to be the calligraphy competition judge.
The number of the words is no less than 100 words and you don’t need to write the address.
Dear Mr Sze,
The 20th Taiwan Chinese Calligraphy Competition, organized by the Good Hope Association and Modern Trade Ltd., will accept entries from 3 March to 15 April 2004 As a renowned expert in Chinese calligraphy, you are cordially invited to present as a member of our panel of judges. We would also like to invite you to give away the prizes at the prize presentation ceremony, and to deliver a speech to the audience.
Details of the Competition are as follows:
1.Aim:
To help raise the standard of Chinese calligraphy among primary and middle school students, and to arouse their interest in traditional Chinese culture.
2.Contestants:
Primary Division: students of Primary 6 or below. Junior Middle School Division: students of 14 to 16. Senior Middle School Division: students of 16 or above
3.Selection procedures:
First-stage selection by respective schools, second-stage selection and final decisions by the Panel of Judges.
4.Date of prize presentation ceremony:
15 July 2004 (tentative; details to follow)
I would appreciate it if you would give me a reply at your earliest convenience so that the necessary arrangements can be made soon without delay. In case of queries, please do not hesitate to contact me at 24088507 during office hours. Thank you.
Yours sincerely.
×××
Chairperson
Competition Planning Committee
III. Suggestions
Sample 1
Dear Steven,
I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.
Here are a few suggestions. First, it is important to take a Chinese course, as you'll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible. Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you'll learn and remember Chinese words more easily. You can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.
Try and write to me in Chinese next time.
I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
xxx
Sample 2
Jan. 30th, 2010
Dear Wang Li,
I am glad to give you some advice on the problem you are faced with. As you said in your last letter, you couldn’t make a decision about which to study in your college, computer science or history. In my opinion, nowadays, with the development of science and technology, computer plays an increasing role in our work and daily lives. As it turns out, one who wants to find a good job must be an expert at computer first. Referring to history, I don’t think it is a subject that could contribute to your capacity of finding a satisfactory job. You could take it into account that you may regard history as one of your hobbies. On the whole, I hope that you should pursue your study in computer science. Remember it is up to you. No matter what you would choose, after making the decision, you should make every effort to master it. Please write to me if you need other help.
Best wishes
Xxx
(168 words)
高一英语考试试题 命题人：斗鸡中学王生龙白云梅 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分：英语知识运用(共三节，满分85分) 第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1. Don’t worry too much about making ____ mistakes. They are _____ natural part of learning. A. /; a B. the; / C. /; the D. the; the 2. Tom was very sick with a bad cough, ______ he could neither eat nor sleep. A. as a result B. after all C. anyway D. otherwise 3. Two thirds of the work ____ done by Jimmy, and ___ was done by Nancy. A. was; the rest B. was; the others C. were; the others D. were; the rest 4. I am his best friend, and I will always _______ him. A. look into B. watch over C. join in D. worry 5. With the great dam ___, we’ll have enough electricity f or everyday use. A. complete B. completed C. to be completed D. to complete 6. I advised that he_____ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _____ quite well then. A. was sent; felt B. be sent; feel C. be sent; was feeling D. was sent; felt 7. ---- Have you heard that Tom, as well as his parents, _____ moved to Beijing? ---- Really? No _____ I haven’t seen him for a long time. A. have; doubt B. has; wonder C. have; reason D. has; choice 8. The old man had one son and two daughters, ___ treated him well, ____ made him very sad. A. neither of whom; that B. neither of them; which C. none of whom; which D. none of them; that 9. ----Do you have anything to do this afternoon? ----What’s up? ----Let’s go shopping. It’s said that Yimin Shop ___and all the sweaters are sold at half price. ----Why not? A. has closed down B. was closing down C. closes down D. is closing down 10. －John admitted ____in the exam. －That’s why he was not admit ____the skating club. A. cheating…to B. to cheat…by C. cheating…by D. to cheat…to
三年级上 第一单元 Max 麦克斯Rex 雷克斯Lu Hua 卢华Gao Wendi 高文迪Du Xiaomao 杜小毛Hao Tian 郝天Stanley 史坦利Lucy 露西Miss Liu 刘老师Mr. White 怀特老师 hello 喂，你好class 班级，同学们name 名字my 我的your 你的，你们的Good morning！早安！上午好！Good afternoon！下午好！I’m = I am 我是 What’s = what is 是什么 第二单元 Boy 男孩girl 女孩cat 猫dog 狗rabbit 兔panda 熊猫bear 熊bird 鸟frog 青蛙doll 玩具娃娃 a 一个friend 朋友look 看，瞧mum 妈妈（口语）her 她的Chinese中国的dad 爸爸（口语）English英国的his 他的who 谁this 这个it它that 那个，那nice to meet you 见到你真好how are you 你好吗 第三单元 One 一two二three三four四five 五six 六seven 七eight 八nine九ten十cake蛋糕candle蜡烛balloon 气球card 卡片 today 今天he他she 她you 你，你们thank谢谢put放then 那么OK 好的are 是how old 多大，几岁了？have a party聚会good idea好主意happy birthday 生日快乐let’s =let is 让我们
第四单元 Schoolbag书包book书pencil-box 文具盒pencil铅笔pen钢笔ruler尺子eraser橡皮擦crayon蜡笔knife小刀sharpener卷笔刀 an一（个，件）no不yes是的what多么nice漂亮的whose谁的sorry 抱歉know知道excuse me对不起Here you are给你it’s=it is它是 第五单元 Red红色的yellow 黄色的blue蓝色的green绿色的pink粉红色的orange桔色的white 白色的black黑色的brown棕色的purple紫色的Colour颜色can能，可以help帮助little小的want想要，需要which 哪个sir先生and和right正确的goodbye再见 Bye-bye再见（口语）how much多少（钱） 第六单元 head头face脸eye眼睛ear耳朵nose鼻子mouth嘴hair头发big大的small小的long长的short短的 pass传递，递carrot胡萝卜snowman雪人funny盖上cover蒙上good enening晚上好you’re=you are你是？ 三年级下 第一单元 Boby身体clean干净的dirty 脏的neck颈shoulder肩arm手臂
开卷 闭卷 Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points ) Part IV . Writing ( 20 points) (Please write your composition on the reverse side. 请写在背面) 命题（组题）人： 李雁 审题人： 黄萍 命题时间：2014.12 研究生院制 学院 专业（领域） 类别 （ 学术 、专业 ） 学号 姓名 封 线 密
重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷 2014～2015 学年第一学期 硕士生B类 Part I. Reading Comprehension（40 points） Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet. Passage One As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isn’t the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe’s new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the irresistible momentum of individualism over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on Europeans’ private lives. Europe’s new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe’s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today’s tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so. Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage—twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative—dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone. The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn’t leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn’t got time to get lonely because has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult”. Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming”, thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships don’t last long—if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she’d never have wanted to do what her mother did—give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “I’ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life”. 1.More and more young Europeans remain single because A. they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualism. B. they have entered the workforce at a much earlier age. C. they have embraced a business culture of stability. D. they are pessimistic about their economic future. 2.What is said about European society in the passage? A. It has fostered the trend towards small families. B. It is getting closer to American-style capitalism. C. It has limited consumer choice despite a free market. D. It is being threatened by irresistible privatization. 3.According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are A. warm and lighthearted. B. on either side of marriage. C. negative and gloomy. D. healthy and wealthy. 4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show that A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
高一英语试题第一学期期末考试试卷 (考试时间：120分钟总分150分) 宝鸡铁一中张洁 注意事项： 1、本试卷共分两部分，第Ⅰ卷为选择题，第Ⅱ卷为非选择题。 2、所有试题的答案均填写在答题纸上（选择题部分使用答题卡的学校请将选择题的答案直接填涂到答题卡上），答案写在试卷上的无效。 第I卷（选择题共85分） 第一节：单项选择（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 1. ------Why didn’t ask the teacher the question? ---------She had left the classroom______ I had time to do it . A. as B. till C. after D. before 2. His pale face suggested he ________angry and he suggested that we ______at once. A. would be; leave B. was; left C. was; leave D. was; was leaving 3. This book _______twelve units, ______two mainly revisions. A.contains; containing B includes; including C contains; including D. includes; containing 4. I have made my decision, and I’m going to _______it A pass by B go through C stick to D insist on 5.Put everything ________to you in your bag, not others. A. belongs B. belonged C. belonging D.tobelong 6.The girl, ________parents are dead, is living with an aunt of hers. A. who B. whom C. her D. whose 7.After a long walk, they were _______tired that they could not move even one step further. A. too B. so C. as D. such 8.With the time ________, our happiness grew. A. goes by B. going by C. has gone by D. had gone by 9. Many of the earth’s plants and animals have already _______, and several other species are endangered. A. died away B. died out C. died down D. died up 10.. Selecting a mobile phone for a personal use is no easy task because technology ____ so rapidly. A. is changing B. will be changed C. will change D. will have changed 11.. Two thirds of the work ____ done by Jimmy, and ___ was done by Nancy. A. was; the rest B. was ;the others C. were; the others D. were ; the rest 12. I am his best friend, and I will always _______ him. A. look into B. watch over C. join in D. worry 13. ----Do you have anything to do this afternoon? ----What’s up? ----Let’s go shopping. It’s said that Yimin Shop ___and all the sweaters are sold at half price.
重庆大学全日制专业硕士研究生 《英语》课程试卷(B 类) 2015~2016 学年 第 二 学期（春） 开课学院：外国语学院 课程编号：G0401A 考试日期： 2016.06.19 考试方式： 考试时间： 120 分钟 硕士生B 类答题纸 英语班次：_______________ Answer Sheet Part I Reading Comprehension ( 40 points, each item 2points) Passage One 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( ) Passage Two 6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. ( ) 9. ( ) 10. ( ) Passage Three 11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( ) Passage Four 16. ( ) 17. ( ) 18. ( ) 19. ( ) 20. ( ) Part II Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points) Part III Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points ) Part IV Writing ( 20 points) (Please write your composition on the reverse side. 请写在背面) 命题（组题）人： 审题人： 命题时间：2016.06 研究生院制 学院 专业（领域） 类别 （ 学术 、专业 ） 学号 姓名 封 线 密
永登一中2016—2017学年第一学期末考试卷 高一英语 第I卷 第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项. （A） The Taj Mahal is considered to be one of the most beautiful building in the world and the finest example of the late style of Indian architecture. It is at Agra in northern India. It lies beside the River Jumna in the middle of gardens with quiet pools. The Taj Mahal was built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jehan, who ruled India in the 17th century. It is in memory of his favorite wife, Arjumand Banu Bagam, known as Mumtaz Mahal, who died in 1631.The building, which was completed between 1632 and 1638, was designed by a local Muslim architect(建筑师) Ustad Ahmad Lahori. The whole building, with gardens and gateway structures, was completed in 1643. The Taj Mahal stands at one end of the garden tomb with marble(大理石) path. The room is softly lighted by the light that passes through double screens of carved marble set high in the walls. The building now is kept in good condition. The Taj Mahal took 23 years to build. Shah Jehan planned a similar building, but in black instead of white, to lie on the other side of the river. But before it could be built, Shan Jehan was imprisoned(监禁) by his son and buried next to his wife in the Taj Mahal. 1. The Taj Mahal was built for_______. A. Mumtaz B. Shah C. Either Mumtaz or Shah D. Both Mumtaz or Shah 2. Why do you think Shah Jehan was buried next to his wife? A. His own tomb hadn’t been built. B. He hoped to be buried there. C. King and Queen should be buried together. D. He liked Mumtaz all his life. 3. The passage mainly tells us _______. A. why the Taj Mahal was built B. the love story between Shah and Mumtaz C. some information about the Taj Mahal D. the Taj Mahal--- the pride of Indians
【关键字】大学 重庆大学《大学英语》课程大纲 2003年10月 一、课程的目的、性质和任务： 建立适合我校大学英语教学实际的个性化教学、学习体系，实行分类指导、分层教学的外语教学模式，改革教学方法，建立以学生为主体，教师为主导的新的学习观，实行多媒体环境下的大班教学、以口头交流和写译为主的小班教学以及个别指导和自主学习相结合的教学方式，强调实用性外语教学，突出学生的参与性，教学内容的实用性，教师作用的指导性和教学方式的实践性，使学生在今后的工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面信息交流，同时增强其自主学习能力和综合文化素养，以适应我国经济发展和国际交流的需要。 二、课程的基本教学要求： 根据教育部《大学英语课程教学要求》，重庆大学大学英语教学应把重点放在打好语言根底上。语言根底包括语言知识和语言应用能力，前者指语音、语法和词汇等方面的知识，后者指综合运用这些知识进行听、说、读、写、译等语言活动的能力。大学英语教学还应有助于学生开阔视野，扩大知识面，加深对世界的了解，借鉴和吸收外国文化精华，提高文化素养。 大学英语教学阶段的要求分为四个层次（见表1），即最低要求、一般要求，较高要求和更高要求，根据学生对语言掌握的情况确定教学目标和与此相适应的教材、教学方法和教学进度，依照教学目标组织教学活动，并根据不同要求确定学生学习必修课和选修课的比例，一般说来，除特殊招生的专业学生外，其余学生至少应达到大学英语教学的一般要求，并通过国家四级统考认证。学生本科学习期间英语课程至少完成16个学分，其中，课程学习14个学分，国家四级统考认证通过后取得最后2个学分。 表1：分层次教学模式 三、课程的主要内容： 1. 综合英语1-4，以语言技能为主，注重培养学生的英语听说能力，以及读写译等综合应用能力，包括①语言根底：多媒体环境下以学生为主体，教师为主导的大班教学；②语言应用：小班口语教学，在时间上相对独立，设置上有语音板块，日常英语板块和讨论表达思想板块，从课堂师生扮演的角色来看，教师是课堂的设计者，任务是课堂的中心，学生是课堂任务的实践者；③多媒体自主学习：学生网上和多媒体自主学习中心的自主学习把课堂教学与学生自主学习紧密有效地连接起来，成
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A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.