2014年9月公共英语一级考试真题
2014年9月笔试真卷
笔试部分答题时间：90分钟
第一部分听力【略】
第二部分英语知识运用
第一节单项填空
阅读下面的句子和对话，从[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处在最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：
0.Bob and I made____agreement last Monday.
[A]a [B]an [C]any
答案[A][B][C]
26. Of those three companies, the_____gives the best service.
[A] large [B]larger [C] largest
27. --Would you like to come to my birthday party next Friday?
--________,Thanks a lot.
[ A] You" re welcome [B] Yes. I" d love to [C]Yes, please
28. Our trip cost a lot of money because we stayed at an ______ hotel.
[A] excited [B]interested [C]expensive
29.I am going to sit down right now and ______my homework.
[A] do [B] make [C] take
30. They have decided to go to see the film_____Friday afternoon.
[A] in [B] on [C] at
31. --Must I finish the homework now?
一No,you______.You may do it this evening.
[A] mustn"t [B]needn"t [C] can"t
32. Tom"s mother did not tell him______she would come or not.
[A] when [B] whether [C] where.
33. Sara looks just like her sister______she"s much younger
[A] but [B] so [C] or
34. Our teacher"s lunch time is different from_____
[A] us [B] our [C] ours
35. It was about 600 years_____ that the first clock was made.
[A] ago [B] before [C] since
36. --I" m going to see Jane this afternoon.
--Don" t forget ____hello to her for me.
[A] saying [B] say [C] to say
37. The time_____slowly as Tim waited for his friends.
[A] passes [B] passed [C] has passed
38. If you have any questions, please_____ your hands.
[A] put up [B] set up [C] keep up
39. What good news! I must tell my mother_______
[ A ] at all [B] at first [C] at once
40. The family used to live 500 meters______from the lake.
[ A ] away [ B ] far [C] long
第二节完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中能选出能填入相应空开处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The best birthday I"ve ever had was my 2lst. My family told me they were going to 41
me out to dinner, but in fact they planned a surprise party 42 me. As I opened the door to leave the house, 43 were about 30 friends standing outside. They all sang "Happy Birthday" and 44 we went back inside. I 45 lots of cards and then, a small present. I 46 it to find some car keys--my parents had bought 47 a car! My mother brought out a cake with 21candles(蜡烛) on. I was 48 happy that I almost couldn"t blow 49 out! I managed to make a short speech(讲话), thanking everyone for 50 , and we partied into the late night.
41. [A] take [B] make [C] set
42. [A] to [B] for [C] with
43. [ A ] here [B] there [C] these
44. [A] then [B] before [ C ] since
45. [A] gave [B] was giving [ C ] was given
46. [ A ] pulled [B] cut [C] opened
47. [A] I [B] me [C] myself
48. [A] so [B] too [C] much
49. [A] it [B] that [C] them
50. [ A ] come [B] coming [C] came
第三部分阅读理解
第一节词语配伍
从右栏所给选项中选出与左栏各项意义相符的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：0.People go there to buy things.
答案：[A][B][C][D][E][F][G]
51. People use it to write. [A] pen
52. People use it to cut things. [B]shop
53. People go there to see films. [C] bank
54. People go there to have classes. [D] knife
55. People use it to hold and carry things. [E] basket
[F] school
[G] cinema
第二节短文理解1
阅读下面短文，从[A](Right),[B](Wrong),[C](Doesn"t say)三个判断中选择一个正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
December 25th is Christmas Day. Many Americans are busy with Christmas and the winter holiday season. Buying a Christmas tree is one important part of the holiday. Christmas trees come in all shapes(形状)and sizes. Maybe the most famous is the large Christmas tree near the White House in Washington, D.C. If you believe that Christmas trees come from forests(森林),you are wrong; most trees are carefully grown on farms. Farmers plant and sell Christmas trees just as they grow fruits or vegetables. About thirty-three million Christmas trees are sold in North America each year. It can take as many as fifteen years to grow a
tree as high as two meters, but the growing time is usually seven years. Farmers care for the young trees until they are about three to five years old. Then farmers plant them again in fields. Farmers cut the highest part of the trees when they do not want them to grow too fast. They also cut other parts of the trees while the trees are growing. This gives the trees the shape that people will like.
56. Americans are happy with Christmas gifts.
[A] Right [B]Wrong [C] Doesn"t say
57. Christmas trees can be found in different sizes.
[A] Right [B]Wrong [C] Doesn"t say
58. Christmas trees are all brought in from forests.
[A] Right [B]Wrong [C] Doesn"t say
59. Christmas trees become much cheaper on Christmas Day.
[A] Right [B] Wrong [C] Doesn"t say
60. All Christmas trees are left in the fields to grow as tall as they can.
[A] Right [B] Wrong [C] Doesn"t say
第二节短文理解 2
阅读下面短文，从[A]、[B]、[C]三个判断中选择一个正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。请根据下面短文回答第61~65题。
Sarah Davis lives in Dalton, Australia, and her parents own a sheep farm there. Dalton is a small country town with one hundred people. The nearest city is over one hundred and fifty kilometres away, so Sarah doesn" t often go there. She likes her life on the farm. She and her brother Jeff go to the school in town. In summer it" s usually very hot, so the school day starts early at half past seven and finishes at noon.
At the moment, their father Jack Davis is working in the woolshed (羊圈). It" s the sheep-shearing(剪羊毛) season and six men are shearing his sheep. He is putting the good wool(羊毛)and the bad wool in different places. Sarah is taking the good wool to the wool store. The work in the woolshed is hard, but Sarah
and Jeff don" t mind because it" s good fun. Jeff enjoys working with the animals. When he isn" t helping his father, he reads books about farming. He is going to college next year to study farming.
When they finish in the woolshed, Sarah and Jeff are going for a swim in the river. They often go to the river for a swim.
61. Why doesn"t Sarah go to cities often?
[ A ] She doesn" t like cities.
[ B ] The cities are too far away.[ C ] She is busy with farm work.
62. In summer, school finishes at noon because in the afternoon______
[ A ] it is usually very hot[ B ] the farmers need help[ C ] children want to swim
63. What is Jack Davis doing in the woolshed?
[ A ] He is shearing the sheep with others.
[ B ] He is taking the good wool to the store.
[ C ] He is putting the wool in different places.
64. What is Jeff going to do next year?
[ A ] Study at college.[ B ] Learn swimming.[ C] Help on the farm.
65. Working in the woolshed is fun for Jeff because
[A] he can read farming books there
[B] he likes working with the animals[C] he can be away from school work
请根据下面短文回答66~70题：
It used to be that if you wanted to travel, you had to plan for a long bus or train ride. But the car changed all that. Though at first it was thought of as too expensive, the car quickly became a necessary thing in America. Between 1908 and 1926, Ford Motor Company sold more than 15million cars.
Almost from the beginning, people liked to use their cars to go on holiday. With so many people taking to the road, the U.S. had to build more and better roads to support(维持)all that traffic (交通). As an easy way to see the country, traveling by car brought about the development of roadside restaurants. People also needed information on interesting places to visit and how to get there, so road maps and travel guides(指南)were developed.
Having a car meant families could go to places far from where they lived. If you lived in a warm place, you could go to the mountains to see snow; if you lived in a cold place, you could drive to the seaside for fun in the sun. Cars made it possible to do what was not easy for most people before.
66. What is this text about?
[A] Traveling by car.[ B ] Traffic in the U. S.[C] Making holiday plans.
67. What did Americans think of the car at first?
[ A ] It was expensive.
[B] It was unnecessary.[C] It was easy to drive.
68. The U.S. built many roads because______
[A] many people began to use cars
[B] the countryside developed quickly
[C] more roadside restaurants were needed
69. Why were road maps and travel guides developed?
[A] They were interesting to read.
[B] Cars brought about traffic problems.
[ C ] People needed information on traveling.
70. We know from the text that
[A] traffic became one of the biggest problems in the U. S.
[B] cars made it possible for families to travel far from home
[C] travelers had to pay a lot of money for maps and travel guides
第四部分写作
第一节改写句子
下面是关于Jack乘火车旅行的三对句子。每对句子中，第一句是原句，第二句是对第一句的改写。要求根据原句和第二句中已经给出的部分用一至五个单词补全第二句。把补出的部分写在答题卡上各题的序号后。(注意，不能改变原句的意思。)
71. Jack arrived at the railway station at 4 o"clock in the afternoon.
It was 4 o"clock in the afternoon_______Jack arrived at the railway station.
72. There were more people on the train than he expected.
He_______expect that there were so many people on the train.
73. He didn"t find any empty seats on the train.
He found____ empty seats on the train.
第二节书面表达
74.
情景：你的朋友Tom邀请你参加他的生日聚会，你因故不能前往。
任务：
请你用英语给他写一封50个词左右的电子邮件。内容包括：
●祝他生日快乐并感谢他的邀请;
●你不能去参加生日聚会的原因;
●准备了什么礼物及如何送给他。电子邮件写在答题卡上该题的序号后。请用下面格式。
Dear Tom,
…
Li Min
第一部分听力理解(略)
第二部分英语知识运用
第一节单项填空
26.C【精析】句意：在这三个公司中，最大的公司提供最好的服务。本题考查的是形容阋最高级的用法。large是原级，larger是比较级，largest是最高级，空格前有定冠词the，提示此处应为最高级。故C正确。
【知识拓展】原级(同级)比较：as…as…;not as(so)…as…;比较级：表示两者之间比较，可用状语much，a little，even等修饰;形容词最高级前必须加the，副词最高级前常省略the，后面多用of...，in…短语表示范嗣。
27.B【精析】句意：——你愿意下周五来参加我的生日聚会吗?——我很愿意，谢谢。本题考查的是情景会话中表示接受邀请的回答。You" re welcome.不客气。Yes，I"d love to.我很乐意去。Yes，please.是的，请。故B正确。
【知识拓展】在情景会话中，如果愿意去做某事，用Yes，I"d love to.回答，表示十分乐意;如果不愿意去，可委婉拒绝，用Yes，I"d love to，but…回答。
28.C【精析】句意：我们的旅行花了很多钱，因为我们住的酒店价格昂贵。本题考查的是形容词的辨析。excited兴奋的，激动的;interested感兴趣的;expensive昂贵的。故C正确。
【知识拓展】很多以-ed结尾的形容词表示人的感觉或心情，如satisfied满意的;moved感动的，frightened害怕的，puzzled困惑的，amazed吃惊的。
29.A【精析】句意：我打算立刻坐下来写我的家庭作业。本题考查的是固定搭配。do做某事;make制作，使成为;take拿、取、获得。do one"s homework固定搭配，做某人的家庭作业。故A正确。
【知识拓展】do常见搭配：do one"s job做某人的工作;do one"s best尽力做某事。
30.B【精析】句意：他们已经决定周五下午去看电影。本题考查的是介词的使用。在具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上，用介词on。故B正确。
【知识拓展】介词搭配时间：on--般用在具体的某一天前，例如：on Sunday morning, on May 5th,1999, on the evening of Saturday; at一般用在具体的时间前，例如：at90"clock; in一般指一些不是很具体的时间，如in 1999, in May。
31.B【精析】句意：——我必须现在就完成家庭作业吗?——不，不必。你可以晚上再做。本题考查的是情态动词否定式的用法。mustn"t禁止，needn"t不必，不需要，can"t不能，不会。故B正确。【知识拓展】情态动词的否定形式复杂多变，以下是几种常见情态动词的否定形式：
(1) can not或can"t表示不能够，不可以，不可能。如：
--Can I leave now?我可以走了吗?
--No，I am afraid you can"t.对不起，恐怕不行。
(2) may not表示不可以，不可能。如：
--May I turn the radio on?我可以打开收音机吗?
--No，you may not.不，不可以。
(3) must not或mustn"t表示不应该，不可以，禁止。如：
--May I take this book out of the reading room?我可以把这本书拿出阅览室吗?
--No，you mustn’t.不，不可以。
(4)need not或needn"t表示不必，不需要。如：
--Must I finish the work at once?我必须马上完成这项工作吗?
--No，you needn"t (don"t have to).不，你不必。
32.B【精析】句意：汤姆的妈妈没有告诉汤姆她是否会来。本题考查的是whether…or not 的用法。when表示何时，whether表示是否，where表示地点，此处用、vhether引导宾语从句并和从句中的or not搭配，表示是否。故B正确。
【知识拓展】whether…or not的意思是是否，表达两可的情况。whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。但在有些情况下，whether 和if的用法有一定区别。
(1) whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用，而if一般不能：
(2)当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用、whether引导，而不能用if：
(3) whether可以引导带to的不定式，if则不能;
(4) whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语，但if不能;
(5) whether可以引导从句，作主语、表语或同位语，而if不能。
33.A【精析】句意：萨拉看上去跟她姐姐一样，但是更年轻些。本题考查的是并列连词的用法。but但是，so因此，or或者。根据题意，前后两句的关系是转折。故A正确。
【知识拓展】并列连词可以用来表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系或因果关系等。and 意为“和、又”，表示并列关系，常用来表示对等成分的单词、短语或句子，表示意思的顺延和增补;but意为“但是”，表示转折关系，所连接的成分意思相反或相对;so意为“因此，所以”，常连接有因果关系的简单句;or意为“或者”，表示选择关系。
34.C【精析】句意：我们老师的午餐时间和我们不同。本题考查的是名词性物主代词的用法。该句想表达的意思是老师的和我们的午餐时间是不同的，所以要用名词性物主代词代替前面提到过的名词。us是宾格形式，our是形容词性物主代词，ours是名词性物主代词，意为“我们的午餐”。故C正确。
【知识拓展】名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。为避免重复使用名词，有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。如：
My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink.
为避免重复使用bag，可写成My bag(形容词性)is yellow，hers(名词性= her bag)is red，his(名词性=his bag)is blue and yours(名词性=your bag)is pink.
35.A【精析】句意：第一个时钟的发明是在600年前。本题考查的是表示时间的引导词。ago在…之前，before在…之后，since自从…。故A正确。
【知识拓展】since用在“从时间点开始的行动或状况一直持续到现在”的句中，主句多用完成时。如：
I"ve been here since July.我从7月份开始就在这里了。
36.C【精析】句意：——我打算今天下午去看简。——不要忘了替我向她问好。本题考查的是forget的用法。forget doing是忘记做过某事，forget to do忘记要去做某事。故C正确。
【知识拓展】forget to do忘记要做的事;forget doing忘记已经做过的事。如：
Don"t forget to close the door.不要忘记关上门。I forget closing the door.我忘记已经关上门了。remember有相同的用法：remember to do记得去做某事;remember doing记得做过某事。如：
Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don"t you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
37.B【精析】句意：汤姆等他的朋友们时，感觉时间过得很慢。本题考查的是时态。as 引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，时间流逝和等待是同时发生也应该为一般过去时，passes为一般现在时，passed为一般过去时，has passed为现在完成时。故B正确。
【知识拓展】一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作、习惯或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，last night, in 1990,2 days ago, since 1999等。
38.A【精析】句意：如果你有任何问题，请举手。本题考查的是短语辨
析。put up举起，张贴;set up建立，准备，安排;keep up保持，坚持，继续。故A正确。
【知识拓展】take up开始从事，接受，占用;make up组成，化妆，弥补;catch up赶上，追上。
39.C【精析】句意：这真是个好消息!我要立刻告诉我的妈妈。本题考查的是短语辨析。at all根本，简直，完全;at first起初，首先;at once立刻，马上。故C正确。
【知识拓展】at a loss不知所措;at a time一次;at any cost不惜一切代价;at best顶多，充其量;at hand手头;at heart在内心里;at home在家，无拘束;at last最后;at least至少;at most最多。
40.A【精析】句意：这个家庭过去住的地方离湖边500米。本题考查的是表示距离、长度的副词。away离开，隔开…远;far遥远地;long长久地、始终。故A正确。
【知识拓展】away作副词表示隔开…远，前面可加数词。如：The hotel is only two miles away.旅馆离这里只有两英里。far作副词表示遥远地、久远地、很大程度等。如：
He didn"t go far.他没走多远。long作副词表示长(时间)。如：How long have you lived around here?你住这一带有多长时间了?
第二节完形填空。
参考译文
我过得最好的生日是我21岁的生日。我的家人告诉我他们要带我出去吃晚餐，但是事实上他们为我准备了一个惊喜派对。当我打开门出去的时候，有30多位好朋友站在门外。他们唱着生日快乐歌，然后我们一起进屋。我收到了很多生日卡片还有一个小礼物。我打开礼物发现了车钥匙——原来我的父母给我买了一辆车。我的妈妈端出了一个插满21根蜡烛的蛋糕。我太高兴了，都没能吹灭蜡烛。我试着做了一个简短的讲话，感谢每位来参加我生日派对的朋友并和他们玩到深夜。
41.A【精析】本题考查的是动词辨析。take意为“带、拿”;make意为“制作，使得”;set意为“放置，设置”。此处表达的是带我出去吃饭，故A正确。
42.B【精析】本题考查的是介词辨析。to意为“向，朝着”;for意为“为了”;with意为“与…一起”。根据文章，父母为我准备的派对，故B正确。
43.B【精析】本题考查的是存在句型。根据上文意思，打开门，有30多位朋友在门外，“有…”应为存在句型，即there be...，故B正确。
44.A【精析】本题考查的是时间副词。then意为“然后，接下来”;be-fore意为“在…之前”;since 意为“自从…”。根据文章，朋友们为我唱生日歌，然后一起进房间，故A正确。
45.C【精析】本题考查的是一般过去时的被动语态。gave是一般过去时的主动语态;was giving是过去进行时;was given是一般过去时的被动语态。根据文章，我是被给卡片的，故C 正确。
【知识拓展】每种时态都有相对应的被动语态。如一般现在时的
被动语态为am/is/are done，一般将来时的被动语态为will be done，现在完成时的被动语态为has/have been done，过去完成时的被动语态为had been done等。
46.C【精析】本题考查的是动词辨析。pull意为“拉，扯”;cut意为“剪切，削减”;open意为“打开”。根据文章，我打开了礼物，故C正确。
47.B【精析】本题考查的是宾语用法。I是主格;me是宾格;myself是反身代词，我自己。根据搭配，为某人买某物，buy sb.sth.，某人应用宾格作buy的宾语，故B正确。
48.A【精析】本题考查的是固定搭配。根据前文的so，可以看出应该
用固定搭配so...that表示太…以至于…，故A正确。
49.C【精析】本题考查的是代词的用法。it代指它;that代指那个;them代指他们(她/它们)。根据前文，此处指的是21根蜡烛，故C正确。
50.B【精析】本题考查的是介词后跟doing的用法。for是介词，后面
如果跟动词，应用其动名词形式do hag，故B正确。
第三部分阅读理解
第一节词语配伍
参考译文
51.人们使用它来写字。
52.人们使用它来切割东西。
53.人们去看电影的地方。
54.人们去上课的地方。
55.人们用来盛放或载东西的物体。
A.笔
B.商店
C.银行
D.小刀
E.篮子
F.学校
G.电影院
51.A 52.D 53.G 54.F 55.E
第二节短文理解1
参考译文
12月25日是圣诞节。许多美国人忙着过圣诞节和冬天的节日。买圣诞树是圣诞节的一个重要习俗。圣诞树有各种形状和大小。或许，最著名的圣诞树要数华盛顿白宫附近的大型圣诞树。如果你相信圣诞树都来自森林，那你就错了。大多数圣诞树都是在农场悉心培植的。就像农民们种水果和蔬菜一样，他们种植并销售圣诞树。每年有近3，300万颗圣诞树在北美地区出售。一颗树要生长到2米高需要15年的时间，但是生长时间通常为7年。在小树苗成长的头3到5年里，农民们小心栽植。然后再将这些树移栽到田野里。为了防止树木长势过快，农民们会砍下树木最高的枝干。在树木生长的同时，他们还会砍下其他的枝干。这会使树木长成人们希望的形状。
56.C【精析】句意：美国人很高兴收到圣诞礼物。是非题。文章主要介绍圣诞树及其种植情况，没有提及圣诞礼物，也没提及美国人对圣诞礼物的态度。故选C。
57.A【精析】句意：圣诞树有不同的大小。是非题。从文章第四句
“Christmas trees come in all shapes and sizes.”可以得出，圣诞树有不同的大小和形状。故选A。
58.B【精析】句意：购买的圣诞树都来自森林。是非题。从文中第六句“If you believe that Christmas trees come from forests, you are wrong...”可以判断出，本题表述不符合原文，故选B。
59.C【精析】句意：圣诞树在圣诞节特别便宜。是非题。文章中未提到圣诞节时圣诞树的价格如何，故选C。
60.B【精析】句意：所有田野里的圣诞树都会任其生长。是非题。从文章倒数第三句“Farmers cut the highest part of the trees when they do not want them to grow too fast.”可知，如果长得过快，人们会砍去最高的部分，故选B。
第三节短文理解2
参考译文
萨拉。戴维斯居住在澳大利亚的道尔顿。她的父母在那有一个牧羊场。道尔顿是一个只有百名人口的小镇。最近的城市离它有150多公里的距离。因此，萨拉不经常去。她喜欢牧场的生活。她和她的弟弟杰夫在小镇上学。夏天通常很热，所以学校早上7点半开课，中午
就放学了。这个时节，他们的父亲杰克·戴维斯正在羊圈里工作。现在正是剪羊毛的季节，6个人都在给羊剪羊毛。杰克将优质羊毛和劣质羊毛分别放在不同的地方。萨拉将优质羊毛带到羊毛商店去。在羊圈的工作非常辛苦，但是萨拉和杰夫却不觉得，因为他们认为非常有趣。杰夫喜欢和动物一起工作。当不帮父亲忙时，他会读一些关于农业的书籍。他明年打算去大学学习农业。
当他们完成在羊圈的工作后，萨拉和杰夫打算去河里游泳。他们经
常去那里游泳。
61.B 【精析】句意：为什么萨拉不经常去市区?细节题。从文章第一段第三句“The nearest city is over one hundred and fifty kilometers away，so Sarah doesn"t often go there.”可以得出，因为距离比较遥远，所以萨拉不经常去，故选项B符合题意。
62.A 【精析】句意：夏天，学校中午就放学是因为下午____。细节题。从文章第一段最后一句“In summer it"s usually very hot，so the school day starts early at half past seven and finishes at noon.”可以看出，学校中午就放学是因为天气炎热，故选项A符合题意。
63.A【精析】句意：杰克在羊圈做什么?细节题。从文章第二段第二
句“It"s the sheep-shearing season and six men are shearing his sheep.”可知，杰克和其他人一起在羊圈修剪羊毛，故选项A符合题意。
64.A【精析】句意：杰夫明年打算做什么?细节题。从文章第二段最后一句“He is going to college next year to study farming.”可以得出，他明年打算去上大学，故选项A符合题意。
65.B【精析】句意：对杰夫来说，在羊圈工作很有趣是因为____。细节题。从文章第二段第五、六句“The work in the woolshed is hard, but S arah and Jeff don"t mind because it"s good fun. Jeff en-joys working with the animals.”可以看出，杰夫觉得在羊圈工作很有趣是因为他喜欢和动物一起工作，故选项B符合题意。
参考译文
以前，如果你想旅行，就得计划坐长途汽车或火车。但是汽车改变了一切。尽管一开始人们觉得汽车价格太高，但是很快汽车成了美国人生活中必不可少的一部分。在1908年到1926年间，福特汽车公司销售了超过l，500万辆汽车。
几乎从一开始，人们就喜欢开车去度假。随着公路上汽车数量的增多，美国修建了更多更好的公路来维持交通情况。作为参观一个国家的简便方式，开车旅行促进了路边餐馆的发展。人们也需要获得关于旅游景点和路线的信息，所以公路路线图和旅行指南应运而生。
拥有一辆汽车就意味着家人可以去离家很远的地方旅行。如果你住在温暖的地区，你可以去山区欣赏雪景;如果你住在寒冷的地区，你可以开车去海边晒太阳。汽车使得人们以前做起来困难的事情变得可能。
66.A【精析】句意：这篇文章的主要内容是什么?主旨题。根据文章内容，此篇文章主要说汽车旅行给人们带了许多便利，故选项A符合题意。
67.A【精析】句意：美国人一开始对汽车是怎么看的?细节题。从文章第一段第三句“Though at first it was thought of as too expensive, the car quickly became a necessary thing in America.”可知，起初人们认为汽车价格太高，故选项A符合题意。
68.A【精析】句意：美国修建许多公路是因为____。细节题。从文章第二段第二句“With so many people taking to the road，the U.S. had to build more and better roads to support all that traffic.”可知，由于公路上的汽车越来越多，导致交通问题，所以美国修建更多的公路，故选项A符合题意。
69.C【精析】句意：公路路线图和旅行指南为什么发展起来?细节题。从文章第二段最后一句“People also needed information on interesting places to visit and how to get there, so road maps and travel guides were developed.”可以看出，是因为人们需要旅游景点和路线的相关信息，故选项C符合题意。
70.B【精析】句意：我们可以从文中得知____。细节题。从文章最后一段第一句“Having a car meant families could go to places far from where they lived.”可以得出，有车以后，人们可以去离家较远的地方旅行，故选项B符合题意。A、C文中均未提及。
第四部分写作
第一节改写句子
71. that 72. didn"t 73. No
第二节书面表达
74.【高分范文】
Dear Tom,
First of all, happy birthday to you! Thank you very much for inviting me to your birthday party. I really wish I could come, but I"m afraid to tell you that I can"t make it because my parents will go to see me on that day.1will send you a cute toy I bought yesterday. Hope you would like it and have fun.
Li Min
【写作点金】
1.电子邮件形式和句子长度不要太单调，有时短句和长句相夹显得灵活。
2.使用动词比系表结构更有力量，更加吸引人。
3.亲切、口语化的语言更加受欢迎。使用被动结构，会显得疏远冷漠。
4.电子邮件应写得简单明了，便于阅读，太长的内容可以用附件的方式发出。
【高频词句】
First of all 首先
happy birthday 生日快乐
have fun 玩得开心
A a (an) art.一(个)；每一(个)；任一 able a.能够，有能力的 about prep.关于；在…周围；在…各处ad.大约above prep.在…上方；(数量，价格等)大于…abroad ad.出国，在国外 accept v.认可，接受 accident n.事故 according a.(to)相符的，一致的，根据…而定的ache v.痛；哀怜n.疼痛，酸痛 achieve v.完成，达到；获得 across prep.穿过；在另一边，在对面ad.横越 act v.行动；做 active a.活动的，活泼的，活跃的；主动的，积极的；敏捷的；剧烈的 actor n.男演员 actress n.女演员 actual a.实际的，事实上的；真实的 add v.加 address n.地址 admire v.羡慕，赞赏，钦佩 admit v.承认 advance v.前进；取得进展advantage n.优点，优势 adventure v.大胆进行，拿…冒风险n.冒险活动，冒险；奇遇 advice n.忠告；建议 advise v.劝告，建议 affair n.事，事情，事件 afford v.买得起，担负得起 Africa n.非洲 African a.非洲的n.非洲人 After prep.在…以后conj.在…以后ad.以后afternoon n.下午 again ad.又，再 against prep.反对；与之成对手，对着；防止；碰age n.年龄 ago ad.以前 agree v.同意 agreement n.协议，协定；一致，同意 agriculture n.农业，农艺，农学 ahead ad.在前；向前 aim v.把…瞄准，把…对准 air n.空气；天空 aircraft n.飞机，航空器 airmail n.空邮
口试真题实战 Test 1 Part I (3 minutes) Interlocutor: Good morning /afternoon.My name is …and this is my colleague … He /She is just going to be listening to us. And your names are … and …? Give me your mark sheets please.(请把你们的登分卡给我。) Thank you. (hand over the mark sheets to the assessor.)(接过卡后递给专事评分的老师.) First of all we”d like to know something about you,Candida A, so I'm going to ask you some questions. T: May I know your job? A: I am a math teach. T: What does your job involve? A: I help students with their math. T: How do you like your job? A: I like it a lot. I like to talk to people and help them. And my hours are also very flexible. T: Do you want to change your job in the future? A: Yes,I want to find another job with a higher pay. Interlocutor:Thank you. Now,we”d like to know something
Unit 1 Greeting and introuduction Dialogues /monologues: 1、You can tell they lived during the Depression. 这里的"tell"是断定的意思，咳……常常把它的意思与(告知、告诉)联系在一起，脑子便转不过弯来。 此句意思应该是：你可以断定他们生活在那时的大萧条期。 2、He really knows how to bring a person out. "bring a person out."是“鼓励一个人的”的意思。 整句话的意思是：他非常善于鼓励别人/使别人振作起来。 PS：to bring sb. out 意思为：to make someone feel more comfident, happy, and friendly /使某人更加自信、开朗 3、he looks like his fun to be with. 整句话的意思是：他看起来是个很有意思的人。或，和他在一起应该会很有意思。 句子解析 4、since we're going to recruit some staff so that we can get our new school going in time。 这里的since, 和so that 是基于...原因的意思.根据意思我将其译成: 届时...将...以便... 整句话的意思是：届时我们将聘请一些工作人员以便使我们的新学校及时开学. 5、Would you address character description for the commercial and industrial arts staff? arts staff 怎么翻译? ==>你能够给商业与工艺美术的职员讲讲特征描述吗? arts跟前面的commercial and indutrial连在一起看，而非与后面的staff: (the commercial and industrial arts) staff. 6、There are a number of other positions to consider. "A number of" 换成 "a lot of" 或者是”a great many”行不行，为什么? ==>可以换成a lot of或a great many of,因为position是可数名词。如果这里是不可数名词，则只能用 a number of代替而不能用a great many. 修饰可数/不可数都行：a number of/a lot of, 只能修饰可数：a great many of(与many性质一样) 7、Would you mind letting me take a look in your briefcase? 将"letting me"换成 "let me" 行不行，为什么?
全国公共英语等级考试英语一级（1级）模拟试题含答案 第一节：单项选择 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑． 1. ----- will you be able to finish the job this week? ----- ___________ , but I'm not skilled enough, you know. A.I can't say so B.I expect so C. I'm sure so D. I don't know so 2. We arrived at the station _______ late, or we the bus. A. too much; would catch B. a little too; had caught C. much too; would have caught D. too much; would have caught 3. Is it the watch you want ________? A. to have it repaired B. to repair it C. to have repaired D. to have repaired it 4. The two thieves fled the town separately, _______ a bag. A. each carrying B. whose that watch is C. whose watch is that D. whose watch is 5. The little boy can't tell ________. A. whose is that watch B. whose that watch is C. whose watch is that D. whose watch is 6. If a baby bird stays _______ for two or three weeks after leaving the nest, it has a fair chance of becoming an adult. A. living B. lively C. alive D. live 7. We will not attack ______ we are attacked;if attacked,we will certainly counter-attack. A. if B. when C. unless D. even if 8. You can take ______ seat you like. A. no matter what B. no matter which C. what D. whichever 9. I ______ to speak to you all these days. A. wanted B. have wanted C. shall want D. shall be wanting 10.A burning cigarette he threw into the wastepaper basket ______ fire to the hotel. A. made B. set C. caused D. caught 11."Do you hear someone knocking at the door?" "Yes, I did. I heard him ______ three times." A. knocking B. knocked C. being knocking D. knock 12.Peter,John and Tom each ______. A. say they came first B. says they came first C. says he came first D. say came first 13.Through long power lines electricity goes ______. A. to the place needed B. there it is needed C. where it is needed D. which it is needed 14. ______ from the apple tree. A. It down fell B. there it is needed C. Down fell it D. Fell it down 15.The service in this restaurant is very poor;there are not enough waiters to wait ______ customers. A. on B. for C. with D. to 第二节：完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
2019年公共英语三级考试作文试题 Direetions： Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use you own words. The Princess of Cambridge has finally been revealed to the world as Charlotte Elizabeth Dianain a touching nod to her grandfather, her grandmother and her great-grandmother. The name has long tradition which can be traced hack to the royal background. Charlotte, derived from French name, pays tribute to her grandfather, prince of Wales. And Charlotte is also Kate's sister, Pippa Middleton's middle name. Kensington Palace revealed the royal baby's full name yesterday after days of speculation and close friends of Princess Diana immediately said the choice means the spirit of Prince William's beloved mother 'lives on'. William was, however, clear that his baby girl should not have Diana as a first name. "It would have been a millstone around her neck," said one of the princess' s longtime friends. Within minutes of the name being announced this afternoon, Diana's closest friend Rosa Monckton said： "Diana's spirit lives on in her sons, and now her name lives on in her granddaughter 'Charlotte Elizabeth Diana'. "Diana was the godmother of Mrs. Monckton's daughter Dominica The British citizens show their satisfaction with this name via Intemet. They said it is the perfect name for their lovely princess.
公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记（六） Unit 21 Services(1) Dialogues /monologues: 1、 Hotel in London or in England specially, will ask for a credit card or a confirmation which will guarantee that your room is held, basically all night or for late arrival. 2、 This could be a precise place for you. 关于：precise 与 accurate 是否有区别? accurate，correct，delicate，exact，precise都含有一定的"正确,精确"之意 accurate 准确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性 correct 正确的，指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误 delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的 exact 确切的、精确的,语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差 precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密,有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义 3、 Art-house. Art-house：艺术电影院 指放映不属于商业主流电影的电影院。艺术电影院放映的影片，重视电影本身的品质，较不注重商业吸引力，如当代重要导演的影片、独立制片影片、影史的经典作品，及发行有限的前卫及实验电影。亦称 Art theater。 4、 Your restaurant specializes in hamburgers and chicken, right? specializes in：擅长于，专攻。 5、 As an unadvertised special, you can have a trip to the salad bar with your order for only a dollar more. 作为一个末做广告的特价餐，您可以多出一美元随意的在沙拉吧里定购。
2019年公共英语三级考试题及答案：写作 Directions： Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use you own words. Beijing has extended its ban on operating outdoor barbecues from the city center outward to selected suburbs, according to municipal authorities. A year ago, Beijing banned restaurants from operating outdoor barbecues within the fourth ring road area. And now, the ban has extended to several suburbs, including Mentougou, Fangs- han, Tongzhou, Shunyi, Daxing, Pinggu and Miyun. The barbecue ban was announced to reduce Beijing' s air pollution, as barbecue has long been accused as one of the major contributors to haze. According to Wang Yuesi, a researcher from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics in Chinese Academy of Sciences, barbecuing can generate a lot of PM 2.5, harmful airborne particles measur- ing less than 2.5 microns in diameter. "Considering the seriousness of the air pollution in Beijing, we have to ban everything that may do harm to our environment!" Wang said. The issue has divided Chinese netizens, as half agreed with the policy while the other half called this grand plan nothing but "empty talk. "
一、单选题 1.小班集体教学话动一般都安排15分钟左右，是因为幼儿有意注意时间一般是< ) A. 20—25分钟 B. 3—5分钟 C.15—18分钟 D.10—11分钟 2. 幼儿教师选择教育教学内容最主要的依据是() A.幼儿发展 B.社会需求 C.学科知识 D.教师特长 3. 幼儿园促进幼儿社会性发展的主要途径是() A.人际交往 B.操作练习 C.教师讲解 D.集体教学 4. 照料者对婴儿的雪球应给予及时回应是因为:根据埃里克森的观点，在生命中第一年的婴儿面临的几本冲突是() A.主动性对内疚 B.基本信任对不信任 C.自我统一性对角色裩乱 D.自主性对害羞 5.在婴儿表现出明显的分离焦虑对象时，表明婴儿己获得< ) A.条件及射观念 B.母亲观念 C.积极情绪观念 D.客体永久性观念 6.陶行知的生话教育理论注重“教学做”合一，強调( ) A.做是中心 B.学是中心 C.教与学是中心 D.教是中心 7. 幼儿及复敲打桌子，在房间里跑来跑去.在椅子上摇来揺去，这类游戏属于( ) A.结构游戏 B.象征性游戏 C.规则游戏D?机能性游戏 8.《幼儿园工作规程》指出，幼儿园应制订合理的幼儿一日生话作息制度，两餐间隔时间不少于( ) A. 2. 5小时 B. 3小时 C. 2小时 D. 3.5小时 9.婴幼儿应多吃蛋.奶等食物，保证维生素D的摄入，以防止因维生素D缺乏而引起( ) A.呆小症 B.异嗜癖 C.佝倭病 D.坏血病 10.幼儿难以理解反话的含义，是因为幼儿理解事物具有( ) A.欢关性 B.表面性 C.形象性 D.绝对性 二、简答题
11.简述幼儿集体教学的利与弊。 12.茵茵己经上了中班，她知道把两个苹果和三个苹果加起来，就有 5个苹果。但是问她2加3等于几?她直摇头。根据上述案例简述中班幼儿教学学习的思维特点以及教育的启示。 论述题 13.教师如何在幼儿的主动学习提供支持? 材料题 14.材料一： 幼儿园大一班开展识字比赛，教师为此创设了班级墙面环境。 问题：请根据创设环境基本原则，对材料中的识字比赛创设环境进行解析? 15.材料2:星期一，己经上一小班的松松在午睡时一直哭泣，嘴里还一直唠叨，说：”我要打电话给爸爸来接我，我要回家。“教师多次安慰他还一直在哭。老师生气地说：”你在哭，爸爸就不来接你了.〃松松听后情绪更加激动，哭得更加厉害了。 问题：请简述上述教师的行为(5分)，并提出三种帮助幼儿专制情绪的有效方法(15分) 16.根据下面案例，设计一份亲子运动会方案，要求写出亲自运动会的设计意图，2个运动项目(须写出运动项目的名称，材料和玩法)，家长工作要点以及实施注意事项。 在与本班家长沟通汇总，大三班教师发现，不少家长平时很少和孩子一起运动，因为不知道可以和孩子玩什么，为此，教师准备举行一场亲子运动会，让家长体验到生活中随手可得的一些废旧材料，可以用来开展有趣的运动游戏，从而促进幼儿发展。
全国英语等级考试（一级）模拟试题 第一部分听力（略） 第二部分英语知识运用 第一节单项填空 阅读下面的句子和对话，从三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡将该项涂黑。 26. He is badly ill. We must _____ a doctor at once. A. send to B. send for C. send away 27. The hospital _______ last year. A. built B. was built C. has been built 28. When I came into the classroom, the teacher _____something on the blackboard. A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote 29. --How long have you been ill? -- A. Since last week B. A week ago C. Once a week 30. Everybody is here _____Mike. A .not B. and C. except 31. We don’t understand the passage ___ there are a few new words in it. A. and B. unless C. because 32. The TV set is very nice. How long have you _______it? A. bought B. had C. taken 33. --- Shall I get one more apple for you, Dad? ---Thanks, but you _______. I’ve had enough. A. may not B. must not C. needn’t 34. --- _________is your shirt? --- It is 100yuan. A. How many B. How much C. How long 35. He is _______kind an old man that all the children like him. A. very B. so C. such 36. Either Jim or Sam ______going to help the farmers with the orange harvest this afternoon. A. was B. were C. is 37. We have studied for two hours. Let’s stop . A. have a rest B. to have a rest C. having a rest 38. We won’t go to Great Wall if it ________tomorrow. A. rains B. rain C. will rain 39. No book and no pen______in the bag. A. is B. are C. has 40. Please give me ______. A. two cups of milks B. two cup of milk C. two cups of milk 第二节完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选
2019年下半年公共英语三级试题一及答案 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed. Task 1 Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Google, the Internet search-engine(收索引擎的) company, has announced it will give more than twenty-five million dollars in money and investments to help the poor. The company says the effort involves using the power of information and technology to help people improve their lives. Aleem Walji works for https://www.doczj.com/doc/aa8040366.html, -- the part of the company that gives money to good causes. He said the company’s first project will help identify where infectious (传染性的) diseases are developing. In Southeast Asia and Africa, for example, https://www.doczj.com/doc/aa8040366.html, will work with partners to strengthen early-warning systems and take action against growing health threats. https://www.doczj.com/doc/aa8040366.html,’s second project will invest in ways to help small and medium-sized businesses grow. Walji says microfinance (小额信贷) is generally small, short-
2014年下半年小学教师资格证《综合素质》真题及参考答案 一、单项选择题（29题，每小题2分，共58分） 1.期末考试来临，某校老师决定将音、体、美提前一个月进行考试，把语数外放在期末考试期间考，这种做法（） A.正确，有利于教师组织教学 B.正确，有利于提高学生成绩 C.不正确，不利于校际公平竞争 D.不正确，不利于学生全面发展 2.右图中，教师做法违背的是（）。 A.教育公平 B.因材施教 C.因势利导 D.循循善诱 3.某老师常用周末向农民请教农业知识，并把内容融入到教学中，而且制作成册发给同事，说明该老师具有（） A.课程开发意识 B.校本教研的意识 C.课程评价的意识 D.团体培训的意识 4.杨老师讲错题，学生纠正老师，杨老师不仅不批评反而表扬学生善于思考具有质疑精神，下列说法不当的是（） A.老师重视培养学生的思考能力 B.重视培养学生的自我评价能力 C.重视培养创新求异 D.重视培养批判思维能力 5.某公办小学为筹集更多的经费改善办学条件，兴办了一所校办工厂，该小学的做法（） A合法，在不影响正常教育教学的前提下学校可以开展盈利活动 B合法，在不影响正常教育教学的前提下学校可以兴办校办产业 C 不合法，违反了教育活动必须符合国家和社会公共利益的规定 D不合法，违反了学校不得从事勤工俭学和社会盈利服务的规定 6.小学教师王某劝退了两个成绩比较落后的学生，教师王某的做法（） A合法，教师有管理学生的权力 B不合法，侵犯了学生的荣誉权 C合法教师有劝退学生的权力
D不合法，侵犯了学生的受教育权 7.某园规定女教师必须在园工作三年后，方可怀孕，否则按事假对待，该规定（） A.合法，体现了幼儿园的自主办园权 B.合法，保障幼儿园正常教学秩序 C.不合法，侵犯教师身体权 D.不合法，侵犯教师人身权 8.成人杨某对5岁小明说：敢砸玻璃就是英雄，小明听后拿起石头砸破小刚家的玻璃。对小刚家的损失应承担责任的是（） A.小明 B.杨某 C.小明监护人 D.杨某与小明监护人 9.小学生小光放学回家被妈妈责骂了一顿，一气之下跑到好朋友家里要求借宿一晚，小亮的父母答应了，关于小亮的父母对小光的留宿行为，下列选项中不正确的是（） A小亮的父母应及时向当地公安机关报告 B小亮的父母可以留宿小光以保护小光的人身安全 C小亮的父母应在二十四小时内及时通知小光的父母 D小亮的父母应在二十四小时内及时通知小光所在学校 10.某小学生在课堂上吵闹不休，班主任一怒之下用胶带粘住该生的嘴巴。该班主任的做法（） A正确，班主任有维护班级秩序的职责 B正确，班主任有批评教育学生的权力 C不正确，违反了不得体罚学生的规定 D不正确，侵犯了学生的言论自由权 11.为了保护学生的隐私，某小学规定语文教师不得在课堂上点评学生的作文，该校的做法（） A正确，学校有权对教师提出工作要求 B正确，学校应该满足学生的自尊需求 C不正确，学校侵犯了教师的专业权利 D不正确，学校限制了教师的言论自由 12.《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010—2020）》提出健全统筹有力、
公共英语考试中的注意事项 公共英语考试中的注意事项 (一)明确答卷要求，严格执行 在考场上，监考人员会讲一些要求，如，怎样填写姓名、准考证号，怎样填写答案(特别是标准化考试)等等，务必听清楚，并严格 照办。有时，监考人员还会对试题作一些说明或更正，更要听准， 若有不明立即问清。千万不要拿到试卷就急于埋头做，造成没按格 式要求而乱填、漏填或没按要求做错题等严重后果。 (二)通览试卷，考虑答题计划 接到试卷首先要看清楚试卷前面的说明和要求，随后冷静、迅速地认真通览一遍试卷。这样做的好处是：(1)接触每一道题，初步掌 握题意，为正式审题解答题打下基础。(2)能够了解整体分量，难易 试题的比例和分布，做到心中有数。有些同学错以为通览试卷浪费 时间，其实恰恰相反，这样才能预防错漏，少走弯路，合理利用时间，提高答卷效率。安排答题计划应考虑两个主要准则：一是自己 对考试的熟知程度;二是不同考题的分值。安排好了准备用于每道题 的时间后，就要按计划去做。要记住，对每一道题都写出一点答案来，远比详尽无遗地答一道题，而对其他试题却一字不答为好。 (三)先易后难，巧攻难题 统观全卷之后，对于较容易的题目，应先做解答，以便集中精力攻克难题，这样才能合理利用时间，提高考试成绩，而不至于因一 两道难题耗去大部分时间，致使一些较浅易的试题由于时间仓促而 解答粗疏，造成错误，甚至有时还来不及解答。再者，刚一进考场，一般同学心情比较紧张，记忆、思维等方面都达不到最佳状态，待 做过几道题之后，情绪就逐渐稳定下来，智力活动恢复正常，这时
再做较难的题就容易奏效。而且做的"小题"越多，"积分越多"，自 信心也就越强。 如何攻克难题是应考中夺取优异成绩的关键，一定要认真对待。总结许许多多考生的经验，宜采取寻找弱点、多方突破、攻撤交替、反复突击的办法攻克难题。首先应相信，考题再难一般也不会超过 所学知识范围，因之都有解答可能，解答关键在于灵活运用知识。 有的难题是难在拐弯多，综合性强。遇到这种题目，就可以利用类 比法找出其与同类型题目的异同，然后运用相应的解题规律寻求突 破点。这个突破点攻不下来，再换一个角度，几经突击，往往即可 攻克;如果运用几种方法，几经突击，耗费了不少时间和精力，仍不 得解，再这样的情况下，就应暂时"撤兵"，先去复查你做过得题目，让脑子得以放松休息，稍待一会再发动攻势，往往会茅塞顿开，迎 刃而解。 有些难题则是由于遗忘造成的'。遇到这样的题目，可以运用联 想和对比的方法把旧知识回忆推导出来。如数学中对数函数、三角 函数的性质比较重要，但又难记易忘。考场上一旦忘记，完全可以 利用图象回忆、推导出来，正如学地理课脑子里要有一个地球仪、 一张地图一样。物理课中的一些公式、历史课中的一些年代，更可 以利用相关知识仔细推导出来。 在解答比较复杂的题目时，一定要"袖手于前"、落笔在后。就是在答卷之前深思熟虑，特别要抓主要点，严格解题步骤，然后再一 挥而就。这既可以防止误走弯路，又可避繁就简，还节省文字、时间。文科答案力求要点明确、突出，有血有肉;理科答案力求合乎逻辑，步骤严格。要注意严防只答其一、不答其二，也不要眉毛胡子 一把抓。 (四)审清题意 审清题意就是要细心读题，推敲题意，掌握已知条件，看准未知条件;判断该题是属于哪部分知识范围，明确解答该题需要那些基础 知识和技能技巧，联想与过去做过的习题有什么异同。认定了知识 范围，就确定了它的性质;明确了所需要用的双基知识，就找到了解
2020 年全国公共英语等级考试PETS 三级模拟试题Text Most young people enjoy physical activities, walking, cycling, football, or mountaineering. These who have a passion 26 climbing high and difficult mountains are often 27 with astonishment. Why are men and women 28 to suffer cold and hardship, and to 29 on high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activities 30 which men give their leisure. There are no man-made rules, as there are for 31 as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which it would be dangerous to 32 , but it is this freedom from man-made rules 33 makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to their own 34 . If we 35 mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is 36 mountaineering is not a “team work ” . However, it is only our misunderstanding. There are, in fact, no ：matches” 37 “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may 38 , obviously, there is teamwork. A mountain climber knows that he may have to fight with natural 39 that ate stronger and more powerful than man. His sport requires high mental and 40 qualities.
2014年教师资格考试|专业辅导：常见文言实词 详解二 1、朝，读音一：cháo (1)动词，朝见，朝拜 相如每朝时，常称病。(《廉颇蔺相如列传》) 译文：蔺相如每当上朝时，常常假托有病(请假)。 (2)名词 ①朝廷 于是入朝见威王。(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》) 译文：于是入朝拜见威王。 ②朝代，指整个王朝，也指某一皇帝的一代 三顾频烦天下计，两朝开济老臣心。(杜甫《蜀相》) 译文：当年刘备三顾茅庐，多次向诸葛亮询问天下大计，辅助两代君主，足见老臣心意。 读音二：zhāo 名词，早晨 有时朝发白帝，暮到江陵(《三峡》) 译文：有的时候，早上从白帝城出发，晚上就能到达江陵。 2、本，běn (1)名词 ①草木的根 求木之长者，必固其根本。(《谏太宗十思疏》) 译文：希望树木长得高的，一定要使它的根扎的稳固。 ②根本，基础 王欲行之，则盍反其本矣?(《齐桓晋文之事》) 译文：如果您要实行仁政的话，那么为什么不回到根本上(求得解决)呢? ③本业，常代指农业 今殴民而归之农，皆着于本。(《论积贮疏》) 译文：如果督促(那些弃农经商的)百姓，叫他们回到农业上来，都从事农业生产。 ④书本，稿本，版本 今存其本不忍废。(《〈指南录〉后序》) 译文：现在还保存那底稿，舍不得丢掉。 ⑤本章，臣子给皇帝的奏章或书信 是无难，别具本章，狱词无易。(《狱中杂记》) 译文：这没有什么困难的，另外准备一份奏章，审判书的内容并不改换。
(2)量词 若印数十百千本，则极为神速。(《活板》) 译文：如果印几十几百几千本，就非常快了。 (3)动词，推究本源，考查 抑本其成败之迹，而皆自于人欤?(《伶官传序》 译文：还是推究他成功与失败的事迹，都由于人为的原因呢? (4)副词，本来 臣本布衣，躬耕南阳。(《出师表》) 译文：我本来是平民百姓，在南阳种地为生。 3、兵，bīng (1)名词 ①兵器 收天下之兵，聚之咸阳。(《过秦论》) 译文：收取天下的兵器，把它们聚集到咸阳。 ②士兵 未几，敌兵果舁炮至。(《冯婉贞》) 译文：不久，敌兵果真抬着炮来了。 ③军队 欲勿予，即患秦兵之来。(《廉颇蔺相如列传》) 译文：想不给，又担心秦国军队来攻打。 ④战争 兵旱相乘，天下大屈。(《论积贮疏》) 译文：兵灾旱灾一个接一个到来，天下的财富极度匮乏。 ⑤战略战术，用兵策略 故上兵伐谋。(《谋攻》) 译文：所以最好的用兵策略是攻破对方的计谋。 4、被，读音一：bèi (1)名词，被子 外人颇有公孙布被之讥。(《训俭示康》) 译文：外面很有一些人讥笑您，(说您)就像公孙弘盖布被子一样(做假骗人)。 (2)动词 ①覆盖 大雪逾岭，被南越中数州。(《答韦中立论师道书》) 译文：大雪飘过岭南，覆盖了南越一带好几个州。 ②遭受 世之有饥穰，天之行也，禹汤被之矣。(《论积贮疏》) 译文：世上有灾年和丰年，是自然界的规律，禹、汤这样的贤君也曾遭受过。 (3)介词，表示被动