英语英美文学常识归纳
篇一：英语专八英美文学常识归纳
3专八人文知识:英国地理概况
the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea.
英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。
the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters.
迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。
"the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain.
1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，手册英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据法律合并成为大不列颠王国。
gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands.
盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。
the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the
board ridge of hills.
英格兰脊梁：指的是山脉的背脊。
lead ore: british lead ores have been worked since pre-roman times. it contains silver.
铅矿：自前罗马时代开始，英国的铅矿就被开发了。内含银。
china clay: the deposits of china clay in cornwall are of great economic value.
瓷土：康沃尔的瓷土沉淀带来了巨大的经济价值。
4专八人文知识复习：美国地理概况
本文针对英语专业八级考试的人文知识部分，总结归纳了美国国家的主要地理概况，希望对同学们有所帮助。Ｔhe Ｆall Ｌine瀑布线：Ａ point where water-falls or rapids suddenly drop from a higher level to the lower one.
瀑布线指的是瀑布急速地从高处向低处流泻的点。
Ｔhe Ａppalachian Ｒange阿巴拉契亚山脉：1200 miles long，consists of the Ｐiedmont Ｐlateau, Ａppalachian Ｐlateaus and Ａppalachian Ｒange.
阿巴拉契亚山脉全场1200英里，由皮德蒙特高原、阿巴拉契亚高原及阿巴拉契亚山脉组成。
Ｔhe Ｃordillera Ｒange科迪勒拉山脉：Ｃomposed of the Ｃoast Ｒange, the Ｃascades and the Ｒocky Ｍountains.
科迪勒拉山脉由海岸山脉、卡斯卡德山以及洛基山组成。
Ｔhe Ｇreat Ｂasin大盆地：Ｔhe Ｐart between the Ｃolorado and Ｃolumbia Ｐlateaus.
指的是科罗拉多和哥伦比亚高地之间的部分。
Ｔhe Ｇreat Ｃentral Ｐlain中部大平原：Ｔhe land mass between the Ｒocky Ｍountains and the Ａppalachians.
指的是洛基山和阿巴拉伊亚山之间的平原。
Ｔhe Ｇreat Ｐlain大平原：Ｔhe western part of the central plain.
大平原：指的是中部平原以西的部分。
Ｔhe Ｍississippi Ｒiver密西西比河：Ｔhe longest, the most important river in the Ｕ.Ｓ.Ａ. . Ｉt has a drainage area of 3225000 square kilometers.
密西西比河是美国最长、最重要的河流。它的流域面积达3225000平方公里。
Ｔhe Ｆive Ｇreat Ｌakes北美五大湖：Ｌake Ｍichigan, Ｓuperior, Ｅrie, Ｈuron and Ｏntario.
北美五太湖指的是密歇根湖、苏必利尔湖、伊利湖、休伦湖以及安大略湖。
Ｔhe Ｎiagara Ｆalls尼亚加拉瀑布：Ｆamous falls in Ｎorth Ａmerica, 1240 meters wide, the drop averages 49 meters.
尼亚加拉瀑布是北美最著名的瀑布，有1240米宽，均匀落差为49米。
Ｙellow stone Ｎational Ｐark黄石国家公园：Ｌocated in the northern part of Ｗyoming. Ｉt is the oldest national park in the world and the largest wildlife preserve in the Ｕ.Ｓ.Ａ. 黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州的北部地区。是世界上最古老的国家公园，是美国最大的野生保护区。
Ｇrand Ｃanyon大峡谷：Ｉn northern Ａrizona, one of the great natural wonders of the world. Ｉt measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide, and more than a mile deep. Ｉts walls show layers that tell the story of the formation of the earth.
大峡谷在亚利桑那州的北部，是世界上最伟大的自然奇迹之一。它约有277英里长，18英里宽，约1英里深。它的墙壁断层记录了地球形成的过程。
Ｏld Ｆaithful老忠实喷泉：Ｔhe most famous gayer in Ｙellowstone Ｎational Ｐark, erupting more than l00 feet in the air about every 73 minutes.
老忠实喷泉是黄石国家公园最著名的喷泉，每73分钟向空中喷水100英尺多高。
Ｃhinatown唐人街：Ａn area in a city where many Ｃhinese people live and where are Ｃhinese shops, restaurants, clubs; two, important Ｃhinatowns: Ｎew Ｙork Ｃity and Ｓan Ｆrancisco.
唐人街是许多中国人生活、居住的地区，那里有许多中国店铺、饭店、夜总会。两条最重要的唐人街分别在纽约和旧金山。
Ｉndian Ｒeservation印第安保留地：Ｉt refers to the barren desert regions where only Ｉndians live exclusively.
印第安保留地指的是专门给印第安人居住的贫瘠的沙漠地区。
Ｎew Ｅngland新英格兰：Ｉt consists of six states: Ｍaine, Ｎew Ｈampshire, Ｖermont, Ｍassachusetts, Ｒhode Ｉsland and Ｃonnecticut. Ｔhis region is featured with mountains, valleys, rivers.
新英格兰由六个州组成：缅因州、新罕布什尔州、佛蒙特州、马萨诸塞州、罗德岛州以及康涅狄格。这个地区主要以多山、多山谷、河流为特征。
Ｔhe Ｍountain Ｓtates山地诸州：Ｍontana, Ｗyoming, Ｃolorado, and Ｎew Ｍexico.
山地诸州指的是蒙大拿州、怀俄明州、科罗拉多州以及新墨西哥州。
Ｔhe Ｐacific Ｃoast Ｓtates太平洋沿岸诸州：Ｗashington, Ｏregon and Ｃalifornia.
太平洋沿岸诸州包括华盛顿州、俄勒冈州以及加利弗尼亚州。
Ｍount ＭcＫinley 麦金利山：6187 meters high, on the middle of the Ａlaska, the highest peak on this continent.
麦金利山高达6187米。在阿拉斯加的中部。是这片大陆上最高
的山峰。
Ｐearl Ｈarbor 珍珠港：Ｔhe base of the Ｐacific Ｆleet of the Ｕ.Ｓ.Ａ. near the city of Ｈonolulu in Ｈawaii.
珍珠港是美国太平洋舰队的基地，在夏威夷的火奴鲁鲁市附近。
5专八人文知识复习：加拿大地理概况
Ｃanada is the world's second largest country after Ｒussia. 60% of the population in Ｃanada inhabit in the area between Ｑuebec city and the western end of Ｌake Ｏntario. 加拿大是世界上幅员第二大的国家，大约60%的人口集中在魁北克市与安大略省西端。
Ｔoronto多伦多：Ｔoronto is Ｃanada's largest city and the provincial Ｃapital of Ｏntario.
多伦多是安大略省的省会，加拿大经济中心，第一大城市。
Ｏttawa渥太华：Ｏttawa is the capital of Ｃanada and the country's fourth largest city. Ｉt is located in the Ｏttawa Ｖalley in the eastern part of the province of Ｏntario.
加拿大首都，第四大城市，地处安大略省东部的安大略谷。
Ｖancouver温哥华：Ｖancouver is Ｂritish Ｃolumbia’s largest city and the third largest city in Ｃanada. Ｉt is an important ice-free harbor and the major Ｃanadian outlet to the Ｐacific Ｏcean and the largest cargo port on the Ｐacific.
不列颠哥伦比亚省的最大城市，也是加拿大第三大城市。它是加
拿大一个非常重要的不冻港，而且是加拿大通往太平洋的主要通道，太平洋最大的货运港口。
Ｑuebec魁北克省：Ｑuebec is the largest province in Ｃanada geographically, and the second most populous, after Ｏntario. Ｉt differs from the other provinces of Ｃanada because of its strong Ｆrench culture. Ｍontreal, the second largest city of Ｃanada, is located in this province. Ｔhe Ｑuebec city is the center of the province.
魁北克省是加拿大最大的省，人口仅次于安大略省。法国文化的强烈影响使它与其他省区不一样。加拿大第二大城市蒙特利尔位于该省。其中心是位于圣劳伦斯河上的魁北克城。Ｔhe Ｃanadian Ｓhield加拿大地盾：Ｔhe Ｃanadian Ｓhield is a semicircle band of rocky highlands and plateaus around the Ｈudson Ｂay from the northern shores of Ｑuebec to the Ａrctic shores of the Ｎorthwest Ｔerritories. Ｔhe Ｓhield covers almost half of the Ｃanadian territory.
这是围绕哈得孙海湾的一块半圆形多石高低和高原，从魁北克省的北部海岸一直延伸到西北自治领的北极沿岸。几乎加拿大的一半面积在加拿大地盾一带。
Ｍount Ｌogan 洛跟峰：Ｍount Ｌogan is the highest peak in Ｃanada and is located in the Ｙukon Ｔerritory of northwest Ｃanada.
加拿大最高峰，位于加拿大西北部的育空地区。
Ｔhe Ｍackenzie Ｒiver 马更些河：Ｔhe Ｍackenzie Ｒiver is the longest river in Ｃanada, flowing between the Ｃanadian Ｓhield and the Ｒocky Ｍountains.
马更些河是加拿大最长的河流，流经加拿大地盾与西部落基山脉之间，全长1600公里。
英国文学(Ｅnglish Ｌiterature)
一、Ｏld and Ｍedieval Ｅnglish Ｌiterature中古英语文学 (8世纪⑴4世纪)
1) Ｔhe Ｏld Ｅnglish Ｐeriod / Ｔhe Ａnglo-Ｓaxon Ｐeriod古英语时期 (449⑴066)
a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Ｂeowulf《贝奥武甫》- 最早的诗歌；长诗(3000行) heroism & fatalism & Ｃhristian qualities the folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Ｓcandinavian epic legend; 善恶有报
b. religious poetry: Ｃaedmon(凯德蒙 610⑹80): the first known religious poet; the father of Ｅnglish song Ｃynewulf(基涅武甫 9Ｃ): Ｔhe Ｃhrist
c. 8th Ｃ, Ａnglo-Ｓaxon prose: Ｖenerable Ｂede(673⑺
35); Ａlfred the Ｇreat(848⑼01)
2) Ｔhe Ｍedieval Ｐeriod 中世纪 (1066-ca.1485 / 1500):
a. Ｒomance 中世纪传奇故事 (1200⑴500): the Ｍiddle Ａ
ges; 英雄诗歌
无名诗人 - Ｓir Ｇawain and the Ｇreen Ｋnight《高文爵士与绿色骑士》: Ｃeltic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines ~ 14th Ｃ, Ａge of Ｃhaucer:
* Ｇeoffrey Ｃhaucer(乔叟 1340⑴400): 文风：vivid and exact language, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftness the father of Ｅnglish poetry; the father of Ｅnglish fiction; 首创“双韵体”; 首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家Ｔhe Ｃanterbury Ｔales: pilgrims stories 受Ｂoccaccio(薄伽丘) - Ｄecameron《十日谈》启发
Ｔhe Ｈouse of Ｆame; Ｔroilus and Ｃriseyde; Ｔhe Ｒomaunt of the Ｒose《玫瑰罗曼史》(译作)
* Ｗilliam Ｌangland(朗兰 1332⑴400)：Ｔhe Ｖision of Ｐiers Ｐlowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗议
b. 15th Ｃ, Ｅnglish ballads: Ｔhomas Ｍalory (1395⑴471) : Ｍorte d’Ａrthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士
二、Ｔhe Ｒenaissance Ｐeriod英国文艺复兴 (1500⑴660): humanism 十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧
1) 诗歌Ｈey Ｈoward(霍华德 1516⑴547)
a. Ｔhomas Ｗyatt (怀亚特1503⑴542): the first to introduce the sonnet into Ｅnglish literature
b. Ｓir Ｐhilip Ｓidney(雪尼爵士 1554⑴586)：代表了当时
的理想 - “the complete man”Ｄefense of Ｐoetry《为诗辩护》Ａstrophel and Ｓtella; Ａrcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern world c.Ｅdmund Ｓpenser(斯宾塞1552⑴599): the poets’poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代 - long allegorical romance 文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. Ｔhe Ｓhepherd Ｃalendar
Ｔhe Ｆaerie Ｑueen《仙后》：long poem for Ｑueen Ｅlizabeth; Ａllegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Ｓpenserian Ｓtanza
Ｓpenserian Ｓtanza(斯宾塞诗体): Ｎine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗), and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line.
2) Ｐrose 散文
a. Ｔhomas Ｍore(莫尔 1478⑴535): 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人Ｕtopia《乌托邦》: Ｍore与海员的对话
b. Ｊohn Ｌyly (黎里 1553⑴60，剧作家&小说家)：Ｅupheus
Ｅuphuism(夸饰文体): Ａbundant use of balanced sentences, alliterations(头韵) and other artificial prosodic(韵律) means. Ｔhe use of odd similes(明喻) and comparisons
c. Ｆrancis Ｂacon (培根 1561⑴626)：英国首位散文家，中世纪至现代欧洲时期; 近代唯物主义哲学奠基人和近代实验科学先
驱 the trumpeter of a new age; Ｅssays(论说文集)：Ｏf Ｓtudies, Ｏf Ｌove, Ｏf Ｂeauty: the first true Ｅnglish prose classic
3) 戏剧
a. Ｃhristopher Ｍarlowe(马洛 1564⑴593): Ｕniversity Ｗits 大学才子派Ｅdward ＩＩ；Ｔhe Ｊew of Ｍalta《马耳他的犹太人》
first made blank verse(无韵诗：不押韵的五步诗) the principle instrument of Ｅnglish drama
Ｔhe Ｔragical Ｈistory of Ｄoctor Ｆaustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》：根据德国民间故事书写成; 完善了无韵体诗。
Ｔamburlaine the Ｇreat《帖木儿大帝》：残酷而野心勃勃的帝王
b. Ｗilliam Ｓhakespeare(剧作家&诗人, 1564⑴616): 154 sonnets(十四行诗) + 37 plays + long poems; 现实主义创始人 16 comedies : Ｍerchant of Ｖenice (Ｓhylock; Ａntonio; Ｂassanio; Ｐortia);Ｔhe Ｔaming of the Ｓhrew《驯悍记》ＡＭid-Ｓummer Ｎight’s Ｄream; Ａs Ｙou Ｌike Ｉt《大快人心》; Ｔhe Ｔwelfth Ｎight; Ｔhe Ｃomedy of Ｅrrors;
Ｍuch Ａdo Ａbout Ｎothing《无事生非》; Ｔhe Ｗinter’s Ｔale《冬天的故事》; Ａll is Ｗell that Ｅnds Ｗell《终成眷属》
11 tragedies: Ｒomeo and Ｊuliet; Ｈamlet; Ｍacbeth《麦克白》; Ｔhe Ｔempest《暴风雨》
Ｏthello: a hero Ｏthello vs. bad man Ｉago; Ｖenice and Ｃyprus
Ｋing Ｌear: Ｂritish Ｋing; greatest achievement; most complex in plot and most painful
10 historical plays: Ｈey ＩＶ; Ｈey Ｖ
c. Ｂen Ｊonson(琼生 1562⑴637 诗人&剧作家&批评家): Ｃomedy of Ｈumors; Ｖolpone《狐狸》; Ｔhe Ａlchemist《炼金术士》
三、 17世纪文学
1) Ｌiterature of the Ｒevolution Ｐeriod (Ａge of Ｍilton)资产阶级革命时期: poetry (Ｍetaphysical 玄学派+ Ｃavalier骑士派) a. Ｊohn Ｄonne(多恩 1572⑴631)：玄学派创始人;ＡＶalediction: Ｆorbidding Ｍourning《临别辞：莫悲伤》文风：obscene, vulgar and serious philosophical thinking – the conflict between body and soul
Ｔhe Ｈoly Ｓonnets; Ｔhe Ｆlea; Ｇo and Ｃatch a Ｆalling Ｓtar; Ｔhe Ｓongs and Ｓonnets（主习题-爱）
b. Ｊohn Ｍilton(弥尔顿 1608⑴674)：Ｒenaissance and Ｒeformation (宗教改革)
Ｐaradise Ｒegained《复乐园》; Ｐaradise Ｌost《失乐园》: the greatest Ｅnglish epic; Ｓatan is the hero
Ｓamson Ａgonistes《力士参孙》：closet drama; for reading
rather than performing;
Ｏn Ｈis Ｂlindness《目盲自咏》; Ａreopagitica《论出版自由》; Ｃomus; Ｌ’allegro《快乐的人》; Ｌycidas
c. Ｊohn Ｂunyan(班扬 1628⑴688): prose writing in the Ｐuritan Ａge; 文风：simple and lively prose style
Ｔhe Ｐilgrim’s Ｐrogress《天路历程》: prose allegory depicting a human soul searching for salvation 宗教寓言“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁《神曲》、奥古斯丁《忏悔录》并列世界三大宗教习题材文学杰作。
2) Ｌiterature of the Ｒestoration Ｐeriod (Ａge of Ｄryden)王政复辟/德莱登时期: tendancy to Ｒealism and Ｆormalism restoration literature: cliquish culture小集团文化; Ｆrench classical taste
a. Ｊohn Ｄryden (德莱顿 1631⑴700, 批评家&戏剧家)：first poet laureate(桂冠诗人); the father of Ｅnglish Ｃriticism establish the heroic couplet(英雄史诗式两行诗) as the fashion for satiric, didactic(说教) and descriptive(描写) poetry
最先提出“玄学诗人”一词；他创造的“英语双韵体couplet”, 成为英国诗歌的主要形式之一。Ａll for Ｌove; Ａlexander’s Ｆeast; Ａn Ｅssay of Ｄramatic Ｐoesy《论戏剧诗歌》: the great
playwrights of Ｇreece and Ｒome, 英国文艺复兴&当代法国
四、18世纪英国文学: Ｒealism (关注社会现状，普通人) Ｔhe Ｎeoclassical Ｐeriod (17世纪中期⑴8世纪)
~ Ｅnlightenment (启蒙运动): 18th Ｃ, 法国-西欧, a progressive intellectual movement. 文艺复兴的衍伸；资本主义反对封建主义Ｅnlighten the world with modern philosophical and artistic ideas; rationality, equality & science ~ Ｎeo-Ｃlassicism: 早期 (Ａddison, Ｓteele and Ｐope); 中期 (Ｓamuel Ｊohnson) old classics
Ｃonform to rules and principles established by Ｒoman and Ｇreek Ｃlassical writers; use rimed couplet(押韵的两行诗) Ｏrder, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, be judged in terms of the thematic concern
a. Ｓamuel Ｐepys(毕博思1633⑴703): Ｔhe greatest diarist in 17th ＣＴhe Ｄiary
b. Ａlexander Ｐope(蒲柏 1688⑴744) : 新古典主义代表; master in satire and heroic couplet; Ａge of Ｐope – 18世纪初期文风：词句工整、精练、富有哲理；对Ｂyron影响巨大 first introduced rationalism to Ｅngland
Ａn Ｅssay on Ｃriticism(处女作); Ａn Ｅssay on Ｍan; Ｏdyssey; Ｔhe Ｒape of the Ｌock《夺发记》; Ｄunciad《愚人记》c. Ｒichard Ｓteele (斯梯尔 1672⑴729) & Ｊoseph Ａddison
(艾迪生 1672⑴719): literary periodicals
Ｔhe Ｔattler(闲谈者报): 1709, by Ｓteele; Ａddison wrote essays; 鞭挞封建成见，傲慢的富人，及大众对赌博和决斗的反感Ｔhe Ｓpectator(旁观者报)：共同创办；the Ｓpectator Ｃlub --- 现代英语小说先锋
奉献：资产阶级新社会道德；18世纪英国社会真实写照；英语散文正式成为一大文学流派
d. Ｓamuel Ｊohnson (字典约翰1709⑴784) : literary dictator; “grand champion in literature of that age”
Ｔhe Ｄictionary of the Ｅnglish Ｌanguage: 英语字典的基础；Ｔhe Ｌives of Ｅnglish poets: 52 early Ｅnglish poets
2) 十八世纪小说的崛起: 首批英国小说家–the Ｓentimentalist & the Ｒealist
* 现实主义
a. Ｄaniel Ｄefoe(笛福 1661⑴731): 英国现实主义小说奠基人; Ｆather of Ｅnglish and Ｅuropean ＮovelsＭoll Ｆlanders Ｔhe Ｌife and Ｓtrange Ｓurprising Ａdventures of Ｒobinson Ｃrusoe:the first person singular
Ｃrusoe represented the Ｅnglish bourgeoisie at the early stage of its development.ＡＪournal of the Ｐlague Ｙear b. Ｈey Ｆielding(菲尔丁 1707⑴754, 小说家&戏剧家): 英国小说之父; 英国现代小说创始人；comic epic in prose创始人文风：exact
study and observation of real life Ｊoseph Ａndrews; Ａmelia Ｔhe Ｈistory of Ｔom Ｊones, a Ｆoundling《弃婴汤姆·琼斯的故事》: 18世纪英国群像；Ｍr. Ａllworthy“Ｐrose Ｈumor”
c. Ｊonathan Ｓwift(斯威夫特1667⑴745, 政论家&挖苦小说家): 伟大文学创造者之一；master of Ｅnglish satirical prose 文风：simple, clear and vigor; “Ｐroper words in proper places, makes the true definitions of a style”
Ｇulliver’s Ｔravels《格列佛游记》: Ｌiliput(小人国); Ｂrogdingnagians(大人国); Ｌaputa(勒普泰岛); Ｈouyhnhnms(慧马国) Ｔhe Ｂattle of the Ｂooks; Ｔhe Ｔale of a Ｔub; ＡＭodest Ｐroposal (bitter irony)
d. Ｔobias Ｇeorge Ｓmollett (1721⑴771)：冒险小说
* Ｓentimentalism(感伤主义): Ｉt indulges in emotion and sentiment, which are used as a sort of relief for the grief felt towards the world’s wrongs and as a kind of mild protest against social injustice.
a. Ｓamuel Ｒichardson(理查森 1689⑴761): the founder of the Ｅnglish domestic novel 小说开始审视“发生于内心的东西”Ｐamela; Ｃlarissa; Ｔhe Ｈistory of Ｓir Ｃharles Ｇrandison
篇二：美国文学(第三部分)专八人文知识英美文学整理总结归纳美国文学（第三部分）（专八英美文学整理）
20世纪初至今现代主义时期Ａmerican Ｍodernism1. 二战前诗歌艾兹拉·庞德美国现代诗歌创始人the father of modern Ａmerican poetry, 意象派诗歌之父Ｅzra Ｐound the father of Ｉmagist Ｐeotry 1885⑴972 Ｃathay华夏（英译中国诗）Ｉn a station of the Ｍetro在地铁站Ｐisam Ｃantos比萨诗章Ｔhe Ｃantos of Ｅzra Ｐound庞德诗章（109首及8首未完成稿）罗伯特·弗罗斯特Ｎew Ｈampshire新罕布什尔Ｔhe Ｒoad Ｎot taken没有选择的道路Ｒobert Ｆrost ＡＢoy’s Ｗish少年心愿Ａfter Ａpple-picking摘苹果之后 1874⑴963 Ｎorth of Ｂoston波士顿之北Ｍending Ｗall修墙华莱士·史蒂文斯 spokesman for the rationalist humanist tradition
Ｗallace Ｓtevens Ｈarmonium风琴 1879⑴955Ｔhe Ｍan Ｗith the Ｂlue Ｇuitar弹蓝吉它的人Ｃollected Ｐoems诗集Ｔhe Ａuroras of Ａutumn秋天的晨曦Ｓunday Ｍorning礼拜天早晨2. 二战前小说弗朗西斯·司各特·菲茨杰拉德Ｔhe Ｇreat Ｇatsby 了不起的盖茨比
ＦＳcott Ｆitzgerald Ｔhe Ｂeautiful and the Ｄamned美丽的和该死的 1896⑴940 Ｔhe Ｓide of Ｐaradise人间天堂（his first novel）Ｔender in the Ｎight夜色温柔 (迷惘的一代) Ｔales of the Ｊazz爵士时代的故事Ｔhe Ｌast Ｔycoon最后的巨头Ｆlappers and Ｐhilosophers姑娘们和哲学家们辛克莱·刘易斯美国第一个获诺贝尔奖Ｓinclair ＬewisＢabbitt巴比特 1885
⑴951Ｍain Ｓtreet大街Ａrrowsmith艾罗史密斯Ｅlmer Ｇantry艾尔默·甘特里Ｄodsworth多兹沃斯欧内斯特·海明威“迷惘的一代”的代表人物Ｌost generation1954诺贝尔奖Ｅrnest Ｈemingway Ｆarewell to Ａrms永别了，武器 1899⑴961 Ｔhe Ｏld Ｍan and the Ｓea老人与海Ｔhe Ｓun Ａlso Ｒises太阳照样升起Ｆor Ｗhom the Ｂell Ｔolls丧钟为谁而鸣Ｄeath in the Ａfternoon午后之死Ｉn Ｏur Ｔime在我们的年代里; Ｔhe Ｔorrents of Ｓpring春潮;威廉·福克纳 1950诺贝尔奖Ｗilliam ＦaulknerＴhe Ｓound and the Ｆury喧嚣与骚动（lost innocence, stream of consciousness） 1897⑴962 Ａbsalom,Ａbsolam押沙龙，押沙龙（historical novel）Ａs Ｉ lay dying当我弥留之际约翰·斯坦贝克 1962诺贝尔奖，美国经济大萧条时期作家
Ｊohn Ｓteinbeck Ｔhe Ｇrapes of Ｗrath愤怒的葡萄 1902⑴966Ｏf Ｍice and Ｍen鼠和人Ｔhe Ｐearl珍珠Ｔortilla Ｆlat煎饼房舍伍德·安德森Ｗinesburg,Ｏhio俄亥俄州的温斯堡Ｓherwood ＡndersonＴhe Ｔriumph of the Ｅgg鸡蛋的胜利 1876⑴941 Ｄeath in the Ｗoods林中之死3. 二战前戏剧尤金·奥尼尔1936诺贝尔奖，标志美国民族戏剧的成熟，悲剧Ｅugene ＯneilＢeyond the Ｈorizon天边外1888⑴953 Ｔhe Ｌong Ｄays Ｊourney Ｉnto Ｎight长夜漫漫路迢迢 4. 当代作家威廉·卡罗斯·威廉斯Ｗilliam Ｃarlos Ｗilliams 诗人1883⑴963 Ｒed Ｗheelbarrow红色手推车杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格Ｊerome Ｄavid Ｓ
alinger 1919-Ｔhe Ｃatcher in the Ｒye麦田守望者(长篇小说) 杰克·克鲁亚克Ｊack Ｋerouac 小说家 1922⑴969 Ｏn the Ｒoad 在路上
阿瑟·米勒Ａrthur Ｍiller 剧作家 1915-Ｔhe Ｄeath of a Ｓalesman推销员之死拉尔夫·埃里森Ｒalph Ｅllison 小说家 1914⑴994 Ｉnvisible Ｍan看不见的人（长篇小说）
篇三：英语专八人文知识考试总结归纳
英语专八人文知识考试总结归纳
1 专八考试人文知识考试内容总结归纳
其中英美文学包括英国文学和美国文学。英国文学主要分为六个时期：
1. Ｏld and Ｍedieval Ｅnglish Ｌiterature（中古英国文学）。
2. Ｔhe Ｒenaissance Ｐeriod（文艺复兴时期）。
3. Ｔhe Ｎeoclassical Ｐeriod（新古典主义时期）。
4. Ｔhe Ｒomantic Ｐeriod（维多利亚时期）。
5. Ｔhe Ｖictorian Ｐeriod（维多利亚时期）。
6. Ｔhe Ｍodern Ｐeriod（现代时期）。
美国文学主要分为四个时期：
（独立革命前后的文学）。
。
。
。
英语专业的学生都会开设英美概况这门课程，但是专八考试的中需要考生了解的是英语国家概况，不光包括英国和美国，还有其他一些说英语的地区，包括爱尔兰概况，加拿大概况，澳大利亚概况和新西兰概况。
3专八人文知识:英国地理概况
the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france
and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea.
英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。
the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters.
迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。
"the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain.
1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，手册英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。
Old English Literature 古英语文学 （450-1066年） Beowulf （贝奥武甫）---The first English national epic 中世纪英语文学（1066-1500） Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟，c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English litera ture―英国文学之父‖William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?),the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》. 文艺复兴（16-17世纪） William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 Shakespeare‘s greatest works: greatest tragedies are King Lear 《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》,Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 grea t comedies: A Midsumme r Night‘s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》,As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》,The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》 great historical plays: Richard III 《理查三世》,Henry IV 《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》 John Milton (弥尔顿, 1608-1674)was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost《失乐园》, Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson 《力士参孙》. 18世纪文学和新古典主义 Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 ) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 讽刺隽语and heroic couplet英雄双韵体.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 《人论》and An Essay on Criticism 《论批评》 Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，1660—1731)was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》, spokesman for middle-class people Henry Fielding (菲尔丁, 1707 ---1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel:The History of Tom Jones. Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特,1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered for novel such as Gulliver‘s Travels《格列佛游记》. Richard Sheridan ( 谢立丹，1751—1816), Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal(造谣学校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners. Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,1713—1768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy （《商第传》）. Oliver Goldsmith （哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar of Wakefield (《威克菲尔德牧师传记》) Thomas Gray (托马斯?格雷1716—1771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Written in a
1.The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in ___? A 200 B.C B 55 A.D C 55 B.C D 410 A.D 2.The capital of Northern Ireland is ___? A Blefast B Birminghan C Edinburgh D Cardiff 3.The statement “You can not step twice into the same river”was said by___? A Aristotle B Heracletus C Socrates D Pythagoras 4.The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, ___, and Aristotle, who are active in Athens in the 5th and 4th century B.C. A Pythagoras B Heracleitus
C Herodotus D Plato 5.Between 1337 and 1453 the ___ took place in Britain. A Wars of Roses B Black Death C Hundred Years’War D Peasants Uprising 6.William, Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings in___. A 1066 B 1086 C 1381 D 1035 7. The first Civil War in Britain lasted from ___ to ___. A 1600 --- 1604 B 1640 --- 1644 C 1642 --- 1646 D 1646 --- 1650
1. Contrast Between English and Chinese Put the following into Chinese, pay special attention to the linguistic differences between English and Chinese. Sentence translation: 1.Now that you are in for it, you must carry on. 2.Cigarettes were the death of me. 3.If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening does not wish to get into trouble, he will return the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street. 4.If you confer a benefit, never remember it; if you receive one, remember it always. 5.Her sighs made it clear that she was unhappy. 6.They had no running water where they lived. Nor did they have any conveniences of life such as gas and electricity. 7.Theatre will be reinvented and become much freer and more imaginative. 8.Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. 9.By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives. 10.It should be noted that he and she were extremely close allies. Passage translation: It seemed a point scored for her side when Joanne, panicked that her father-in-law would bungle the turnoff for the Pulaski Skyway, shattered the tip of her cigarette against the back of the seat and a live ash fell on the baby?s belly. It went unnoticed for a second until Corinne screamed; then they all saw it, a little flea of fire glowing beside the perfect navel. Joanne jumped, and squealed with guilt, and flapped her hands and stamped her feet and hugged the baby against her, but the evidence could not be destroyed; a brown dot of char on the globe of immaculate skin. Corinne continued her screams, splicing them with shrill hard gasps of intake, while everyone rummaged through purses and pockets for Vaseline, butter, toothpaste – anything for an urgent. Mother had a tiny bottle of toilet water given her in a department store; Joanne dabbed some of this on, and in time Corinne, shaken by more and more widely spaced spasms of sobbing, mercifully dragged her injury with her into the burrow of sleep. 2. Cohesion 1.When Smith was drunk, he used to beat his wife and daughter; and the next morning, with a headache, he would rail at the world for its neglect of his genius, and abuse, with a good
英语专八英美文学常识汇总
3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea. 英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。 the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters. 迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。 "the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain. 1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。 gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands. 盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。 the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.
英语专八人文知识考试总结 1 专八考试人文知识考试内容总结 其中英美文学包括英国文学和美国文学。英国文学主要分为六个时期： 1. Old and Medieval English Literature（中古英国文学）。 2. The Renaissance Period（文艺复兴时期）。 3. The Neoclassical Period（新古典主义时期）。 4. The Romantic Period（维多利亚时期）。 5. The Victorian Period（维多利亚时期）。 6. The Modern Period（现代时期）。 美国文学主要分为四个时期： 1. The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence（独立革命前后的文学）。 2. American Romanticism（美国浪漫主义文学）。 3. American Realism（美国现实主义文学）。 4. American Modernism（美国现代主义文学）。 语言学，考生不光要知道语言的本质还要掌握语音学，音位学，形态学，句法学，语义学和语言学的知识。 关于英语国家概况，英语专业的学生都会开设英美概况这门课程，但是专八考试的中需要考生了解的是英语国家概况，不光包括英国和美国，还有其他一些说英语的地区，包括爱尔兰概况，加拿大概况，澳大利亚概况和新西兰概况。 3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france
英国文学 一、古英语时期的英国文学（499-1066） 1、贝奥武夫 2、阿尔弗雷德大帝：英国散文之父 二、中古英语时期的英国文学 1、allegory体非常盛行 2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度 3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士 4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》 5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集（英雄双韵体） 6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》 三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪） 1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》 2、Thomas Wyatt 和Henry Howard引入sonnet 3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》 《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱 4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人；斯宾塞体诗节； 5、莎士比亚： 长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》 四大悲剧：哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白 7、本.琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》 8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人
9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣 10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一 《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑 《学术的推进》和《新工具》 四、启蒙时期（18世纪） 1、约翰、弥尔顿：《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》 2、约翰、班扬：《天路历程》religious allegory 3、约翰、德莱顿：英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人； 《论戏剧诗》 4、亚历山大.蒲柏：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表；英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用；《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作 5、托马斯、格雷：感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》 6、威廉、布莱克：天真之歌、经验之歌； 7、罗伯特、彭斯：苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人； 8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》 9、Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一；《鲁滨逊漂流记》；《铲除非国教徒的捷径》，仪表达自己的不满； 10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》；《格列佛游记》；《桶的故事》； 11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人；帕米拉；克拉丽莎；查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史； 12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人；《约瑟夫。安德鲁》；《汤姆.琼斯》，英国现实主义小说的最高成就； 13、劳伦斯、斯特恩：感伤主义小说的杰出代表，《项狄传》，第一部开创了意识流小说的先驱之作品；《感伤的旅行》
* William Langland(朗兰1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗议 b. 15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471):Morte D’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士 二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism 十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧 1) 诗歌Henry Howard(霍华德1516-1547) a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature b. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士1554-1586)：代表了当时的理想- “the complete man”Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》 Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern world c.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代- long allegorical romance 文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd Calendar The Faerie Queen《仙后》：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗), and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line. 2) Prose 散文 a. Thomas More(莫尔1478-1535): 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人Utopia《乌
人文知识训练 英美文学知识（四） 91. T. S. Eliot was a leader of the movement in English poetry and a great innovator of verse technique. A. modemist B. symbolist C. aesthetic D. critical realistic 92. All the following works were written by T. S. Eliot EXCEPT _______. A. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock B. The Waste Land C. Four Quartets D. To the Lighthouse 93. in English literature prevailed during the 1920s and 1930s. A. Critical realism B. Modernism C. Post-modernism D. Experimentalism 94. James Joyce is a representative of the "stream of consciousness" school. He wrote all the following works EXCEPT________. A. Dubliners B. Ulysses C. Finnegans Wake D. Mrs. Dalloway 95. is Maugham's best-known work which is also regarded as his autobiographical novel. A. The Razor's edge B. The Moon and Sixpence C. Cakes and Ale D. Of Human Bondage 96. The following writers all belong to the "Angry Young Man" EXCEPT _______. A. John Osborne B. John Galsworthy C. Alan Sillitoe D. Kingsley Amis 97. William Golding won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1983 by the novel named _______. A. Lord of the Flies B. The Inheritors C. Darkness Visible D. Pincher Martin 98. is the first novel to reflect proletarian life and psychological transformation. A. Key to the Door B. Saturday Night and Sunday Morning C. Pincher Martin D. Free Fall 99. George Eliot was the pen-name of _______. A Mark Twain B. Mary Anne Evans C. Ellis Bell D. Samuel Langhorne Clemens 100. Philip Larkin was one of the key members of ______. A. "The Movement" B. "the Bloomsbury Group" C. "the Fabian Society" D. "Angry Young Men" 101. The Old Wives' Tale was written by A. Samuel Beckett B. Arnold Bennet C. George Bernard Shaw D. Arnold Wesker 102. is considered to be the most important dramatist after Bernard Shaw. A. Harold Pinter B. John Millington Synge C. John Osbome D. Arnold Wesker 103. Harold Pinter who was awarded the Nobel Prize for his contributions in play wrote aH the following EXCEPT ______. A. The Dumb Waiter B. The Caretaker C. Lady Windermer's Fan D. Betrayal 104. "John Bull's Other Island" is a play written by ________. A. Henrik Ibsen B. George Bernard Shaw C. Richard Brinsley Sheridan D. William Shakespeare 105. Which poem was not written by Auden? A. For the Time Being. B. The Age of Anxiety. C. Another Time. D. The Waste Land. 106. The most important transcendentalist in the 19th century America is A. Thoreau B. Emerson C. Hawthorne D. Whitman
美国文学 第一阶段独立革命之前（十七世纪中期之前）（before the revolution of independence） 第一节美国本土文学（美国印第安传统文学） 印第安传统文学的主要内容和形式：在各种典仪上咏颂的祝词，在劳作中吟唱的歌曲，时代交口相传的部落神话故事和英雄故事，刻写在山河岩壁上的象形史诗。 第二节北美殖民时期文学（十六世纪末-----十七世纪中）（colonial settlement） 这一时期的文学作品主要是一些英国的殖民地官员或者传道士、冒险家们以日记或游记等形式记录的新大陆的风土人情、自然景色和民间生活等。 John Smith 约翰·史密斯《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》A True Relation of Virginia （被认为是美国文学史上的“第一部作品”） 第三节请教思想的表述（Puritanism） 他们的作品主要是以传布清教主义思想的布道文为主 第二阶段独立革命时期（十七世纪中期-------十八世纪末） （around the revolution of independence） 独立革命前后的美国文学，标志着北美文学产生后的第一次大转折 该期文学特色：充满浓烈的政治性和思辨性。主题多为爱国主义及对于独立民主自由的热切呼唤。 Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanac 《自传》The Autobiography Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩《常识》Common Sense 《美国危机》The America Crisis 《人的权利》Rights of Human《理性时代》The Age of Reason Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺（18世纪最杰出的美国诗人，被誉为“the poet of the American revolution） 《英国囚船》The British Prison Ship 《美国的荣耀蒸蒸日上》The Rising Glory of America 《印第安人殡葬地》（lyric）The Indian Burying Ground 《野金银花》The Wild Honey Suckle 第三阶段浪漫主义时期（18世纪末---19世纪中后期）（American Romanticism） 该时期主题多为传统文化与现代文明之间的冲突、“对久远与遥远故事的兴趣”以及对死亡、潜意识的剖析等。 Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文the first prose stylist of American Romanticism / “Father of American Literature” 《纽约史》A History of New York 《见闻札记》The Sketch Book---标致美国浪漫主义的开始 《瑞普·凡·温克尔》Rip Van Winkle 《睡谷的传说》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 《旅行者的故事》Tales of Traveler 《阿尔罕伯拉》The Alhambra James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀《间谍》The Spy《领航者》The Pilot “皮袜子故事系列”: 《杀鹿者》The Deerslayer 《最后的莫希干人》The Last Mohicans 《拓荒者》The Pioneers 《探路人》The Pathfinder《大草原》The Prairie Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利·沃慈沃斯·朗费罗（美国第一个写叙述诗的诗人） 《夜吟》Voices of the Night《人生礼赞》A Psalm of Life William Cullen Bryant 威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特（强调美国人个人意识，关注自然） 《泉》The Fountain 《白蹄鹿》The White-Footed Deer 《森林赋》The Forest Hymn 《似水流年》The Flood of Years 《死亡随想》Thanatopsis
英国文学(English Literature) 一、Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学(8世纪-14世纪) 1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期(449-1066) a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- 最早的诗歌；长诗(3000行) heroism & fatalism & Christian qualities the folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善恶有报b. religious poetry: Caedmon(凯德蒙610-680): the first known religious poet; the father of English song Cynewulf(基涅武甫9C): The Christ c. 8th C, Anglo-Saxon prose: Venerable Bede(673-735); Alfred the Great(848-901) 2) The Medieval Period中世纪(1066-ca.1485 / 1500): a. Romance中世纪传奇故事(1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌 无名诗人- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿色骑士》: Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines ~ 14th C,Age of Chaucer: * Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟1340-1400): 文风：vivid and exact language, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftness the father of English poetry; the father of English fiction; 首创“双韵体”couplet; 首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家 The Canterbury Tales:pilgrims stories 受Boccaccio(薄伽丘) - Decameron《十日谈》启发 The House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》(译作) * William Langland(朗兰1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗议 b. 15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471):Morte D’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士 二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧 1) 诗歌Henry Howard(霍华德1516-1547) a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature b. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士1554-1586)：代表了当时的理想- “the complete man”Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》 Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern world c.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代- long allegorical romance 文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd Calendar The Faerie Queen《仙后》：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗), and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line.
第20卷第4期上海电力学院学报V ol.20,N o.4 2004年12月Journal of Shanghai University of Electric Power Dec. 2004 文章编号:1006-4729(2004)04-0065-05 英语报刊标题的文体特色 收稿日期:2004-06-17 邵朝杨 (上海电力学院外语系,上海 200090) 摘 要:从英语报刊标题的排版形式、文字、语法和修辞等方面分析了标题语言.了解标题的语体特色,是了解英语报刊语言风格和文体特色的一条有效途径,对提高英语的理解能力、表达能力和及时掌握世界各地的信息很有帮助. 关键词:标题;英语报刊;文体特色 中图分类号:H315 文献标识码:A The Stylistic Features in the H eadlines of E nglish N e w spapers and Journals SH AO Chao2yang (Dept.o f Foreign Languages,Shanghai Univer sity o f Electric Power,Shanghai 200090,China) Abstract: This article analyzes the editing,diction,grammar and rhetorical features of English headlines.Understanding the characteristics of headlines is helpful to the reading of English newspapers and journals as well as to the im provement of English reading com prehension and writing abilities. K ey w ords: headlines;English newspapers and journals;stylistic features 随着社会的发展,各国之间经济和文化交流频繁,英语由于其特殊的原因越来越受到重视.作为获取地道英语主要途径之一的英语报刊杂志,在我国日渐普及.据统计,全世界的报刊,几乎有一半是英语报刊. 作为一门行业语言,报刊英语有别于英语口语,也有别于文学英语、科技英语等其他书面英语.报刊的社会职能以最迅捷的速度报道国内外的重大事件决定了报刊语言的文体特色:讲求简洁明快、生动活泼、引人入胜,这在标题上表现得尤为突出. 新闻标题有其独特的排版、文字、语法和修辞等方面的文体特色,新闻学者称之为“标题语言”(headlines).1 标题的排版形式 标题是新闻的“眼睛”,它的生动性常常影响着报道的吸引力.标题的排版形式往往给读者最直观的视觉冲击,故编辑常在标题的排版形式上下功夫.常见的英语报刊标题的排版形式可分为以下3种. 1.1 垂直式标题 这是英语报刊标题中最常见的一种,不论标题行数多少,一律从左边开始,垂直排成数行,如2002年12月的《Reader’s Digest》上的 Bob T eskey’s Last
英美文学知识点总结（专八） Old English Literature （古英语文学） （450-1066年） Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》: The first English national epic. S ir Gawain and the Green Knight 《高文爵士与绿林骑士》：knight literature. 中世纪英语文学（1066-1500） Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟，c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English literature ―英国文学诗歌之父‖William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?), the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》. 文艺复兴（16-17世纪） William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 Shakespeare‘s greatest works: 1．Greatest tragedies are King Lear《李尔王》, Macbeth《麦克白》, Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》, Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》. 2．Great comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》, As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》, The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night《第十二夜》 3．great historical plays:Richard III 《理查三世》, Henry IV《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》 Francis Bacon (弗朗西斯·培根, 1561-1626) a representative of the Renaissance in England, is a well-known philosopher, scientist and essayist. He lays the foundation for modern science with his insistence on scientific way of thinking and fresh observation rather than authority as a basis for obtaining knowledge. His Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of English prose. Works by Bacon: The Advancement of Learning（1605）《学术的推进》，New Instrument (1620) 《新工具》，Essays (1625) 《培根文集》. John Donne (约翰·邓恩，1572-1631), a leading figure of the ―metaphysical school‖（玄学派主要代表人物），who frequently applies conceits (奇喻) or fantastic metaphors in his poems, involving dramatic contrasts. His poems feature a diversity of experiences and attitudes, and a free range of feelings and moods, achieving vividness of imagery, vitality of rhythms, ingenuity of speech and depth of philosophy. Works by Donne: Songs and Sonnets《歌与十四行诗》，of which ―The Flea‖, ―The Good Morrow‖, ―Break of Day‖and ―A Valediction: Forbidding Morning‖are most popular. Holy