18年北京初三一模任务型阅读汇总(学生版无答案)

2018年北京通州区初三⼀模语⽂试卷(详解)1.123（1）（2）基础·运⽤。

⼤运河是流动的⽂化，是沟通南北交流的纽带，是祖先留给我们的珍贵遗产。

积极推动“⼤运河⽂化带”建设，是⽂化⾃信的表现。

请你根据要求，完成下题。

下⾯是中国⼤运河的介绍与流经线路图，阅读后，完成下题。

⼏乎流经半个中国的⼤运河早已成为中华⽂脉的象征，积淀了丰厚的⽂化资源。

⼤运河横贯南北，连接8省35座城市和⼤量乡村，拥有京津、燕赵、中原、⻬鲁、淮扬、吴越等不同地域⽂化形态，以及园林⽂化、戏曲⽂化、⼯艺⽂化、饮⻝⽂化、⺠俗⽂化等众多⽂化类别和⾮物质⽂化遗产。

可以说， 建设⼤运河⽂化带，就是要更好地挖掘、保护、传承⼤运河⽂化，并创造优秀的新运河⽂化，使中国⼤运河成为展示和传播中华优秀⽂化的⼤⻓廊。

下列词语中加粗字与⽂中加粗字“⼏”与“曲”读⾳相同的两项分别是 和 。

（填序号）①寥寥⽆⼏ ②窗明⼏净 ③曾⼏何时 ④异曲同⼯ ⑤是⾮曲直 ⑥曲径通幽结合“中国⼤运河流经路线图”，判断⽂段画曲线句中运⽤有误的⼀个词语是 。

下⾯⽐喻句，填⼊横线处最恰当的⼀项是 。

（填序号）【甲】⼤运河就像⼀条⾦⾊丝线，将⼀颗颗璀璨的中华⽂化明珠串联起来！【⼄】⼤运河就像⼀位矍铄⽼者，⻅证着千百年来的世事变迁、沧海桑⽥！请依据图⽚内容和所给提示将对联补充完整。

⼀、基础·运⽤（共15分）A.B.C.D.12（3）（4）【提示】京杭⼤运河开凿于公元前486年，距今已有2500多年的历史，是享誉世界的劳动⼈⺠的杰作，对中国南北地区之间的经济、⽂化发展与交流起到了巨⼤作⽤。

燃灯塔距今已有⼀千多年历史，塔身以上为⼗三层密檐，第⼗三层正南⾯有砖刻碑记“万古流芳”。

它是通州的标志，古时候从南⽅来的漕运船只，在很远的地⽅看到塔尖，就知道通州已在眼前了。

上联:⼤运河千帆竞渡， ，享誉世界下联:燃灯塔 ，彰显通州神韵，万古流芳下⾯是同学们参观通惠河⽟河遗址时摘录的⽂字，阅读后，完成下题。

北京市14区2018年中考⼀模语⽂试卷精选汇编：⾮连续性⽂本阅读专题⾮连续性⽂本阅读专题朝阳区(⼀)阅读下⾯材料,完成第16-18题。

(共7分)[材料⼀]汽车⾃诞⽣伊始，就极⼤地改变着⼈类的⽣产、⽣活⽅式，加快了⼈类改变⾃然、改变社会的步伐,提⾼了⼈们的⽣活品质。

但汽车的产⽣对⼈类的影响是多元的。

⽐如，传統燃油汽车在带给⼈类便利的同时也给⼈类的⽣活带来种种问题:制造汽车时需要① _ (消费/消耗)⼤量的⾃然资源，除了使⽤钢铁外,现代的汽车还需要使⽤能耗很⾼的铝材和难以回收的塑料，汽车⾏驶时需要⼤量⽯油来驱动内燃机;在各类事故中,汽车引起的交通事故导致⼈类死伤数最多;⼤量的汽车造成交通拥挤,车辆的停放也⽇益压缩⼈们的⽣活空间;同时，由汽车带来的噪⾳污染和尾⽓排放造成的空⽓污染，严重危害⼈们的健康。

在汽车⾏业变⾰汹涌来袭之时,汽车制造⼤国相继出台了推动新能源汽车发展的政策。

我国针对新能源汽车的销售也出台了⾼额补贴的优惠政策。

[材料⼆]⽬前我国⽣产和销售的新能源汽车主要有纯电动汽车、混合动⼒汽车和燃料电池汽车。

纯电动汽车,顾名思义,就是所有的动⼒由电机输出，同时电⼒来源于充电。

它技术简单成熟,充完电就可以⾏驶，⽬前续航⾥程已超300 公⾥。

其保养费⽤低，⾏驶时没有排放。

缺点是充电桩少,充电不便。

混合动⼒汽车则同时⽤发动机和电机这两个能量转换器以及两套能量储存系统来驱动车辆。

它续航⾥程长,还可以随时加油,且油耗低。

但两套系统也使其价格和维护保养费⽤偏⾼。

燃料电池汽车是以氢⽓为燃料，通过化学反应产⽣电流，依靠电机驱动的汽车。

其运⾏过程中排出物是⽔,且可通过加注燃料来保证续航。

但⽬前氢燃料存储和运输成本过⾼，能加注氢燃料的点太少，限制了燃料电池汽车的发展。

(材料三]2017年中美法三国新能源汽车销售数据表从上表可以看出,2017 年,⽆论是新能源汽车的销量、增速,还是国内市场份额占⽐,美法两国均与我国存在显著② (差距/差别)。

名著阅读专题旭日区三、名著阅读( 共 5 分 )14. 下边是一位同学阅读《鲁滨逊漂流记》后写的一首小诗, 既包括了鲁滨逊的经历，也赞叹了他的精神。

请你联合名著，补写适合的内容。

(2分)传奇这是一个空无一人的荒岛这是一个没有硝烟的战场你，孤立无援与自然抗争向命运呼喊艰辛搬运，造屋安家无畏的精神是你挑战命运的武器①_开辟的精神是点燃你希望的明星酿酒制陶，造船挖渠②_是照射你梦想的光辉你的故事注定是一个传奇l5. 《论语》有云 : “与朋友交，一诺千金”请你从读过的名著中任选一部，联合有关内容说说你对这句话的理解。

(3分)三、名著阅读( 共 5 分 )14. 答案示例：①开垦种植，捕获驯养②坚强的精神（评分标准：共 2 分。

每空 1 分）15.答案示例：面对曹操的厚遇和挽留，绝不心动，得悉刘备的信息后，便挂印封金，千里走单骑，与刘备相聚。

这正是“与朋友交，一诺千金”的详细表现。

（评分标准：共 3 分。

联合名著 2分，语言 1 分）大兴区三、名著阅读（共 5 分）16. 请从以下人物形象中任选一个，模仿示例，联合有关情节，简要写出你的认识。

（ 2 分）．．．．选项：江姐祥子鲁滨逊藤野先生示例：人物情节：鲁提辖因救援素昧生平的金老父女，不料三拳竟把镇关西打死了，不单丢了官职，还成为朝廷要捉拿的逃犯。

我的认识：鲁提辖是一个扶危济困、疾恶如仇的人。

人物情节：①我的认识：②17. “幸福都是奋斗出来的。

”请你从《红岩》《鲁滨逊漂流记》等读过的名著中, ，联合有关内容，说说对这句话的理解。

（80 ~ 100字）（3分）答 : ___________三、名著阅读（共 5 分）16.答案示例：人物情节：江姐被捕后被关押在重庆渣滓洞集中营。

在狱中受尽了公民党军统特务的老虎凳、电刑、把竹签钉进十指等酷刑摧残，仍旧守旧党的奥密。

我的认识：江姐是一位对党忠贞、对敌斗争坚强不屈的革命先烈。

（ 2 分）17.答案示例：《鲁滨逊漂流记》中在荒岛上生计的鲁滨逊是幸福的，固然他航海时遇风暴而触礁，只身漂到无人孤岛。

2018年北京九年级语文一模试卷答案2018年的北京市九年级同学们，一模考试已经结束，语文试卷的答案已经整理好了，大家快来校对。

下面由店铺为大家提供关于2018年北京九年级语文一模试卷答案，希望对大家有帮助!2018年北京九年级语文一模试卷题目一、基础•运用(共20分)1. 欣赏右面这幅书法作品，完成(1)—(2)题。

(共3分)(1)对这幅书法作品欣赏恰当的一项是(2分)A. 运笔遒劲稳健，灵活贯通，像行云流水一样自然。

B.采用篆书书体，转折处圆滑。

C.章法奔突游走，如烟云缭绕，龙蛇飞动。

D.点画丰厚饱满，结构阔大端正，整体上大气磅礴，雄健刚强。

(2)请从书法作品中任选一句话，用规范的正楷字，写在田字格内。

(1分)答：2.阅读下面的文字,完成(1)—(3)题。

(共6分)滚滚长江东逝水，浪花淘尽英雄。

是非成败转头空,青山依旧在，几度夕阳红。

白发渔樵江渚上，惯看秋月春风。

一壶浊酒喜相逢,古今多少事，都付笑谈中。

这是长篇历史小说《三国演义》的卷首词【甲】临江仙【甲】，也是电视剧【乙】三国演义【乙】的主题曲。

歌声高亢雄厚，意境深邃悠远，但在它那明白如话的歌词里却包含着笔墨难尽的历史沧桑：① ，② ，③ ……所以每当这首歌回响在耳畔，我们的思绪都会情不自禁地被它引向电视剧中那动人的画面，引向历史小说中那动人心弦的争霸故事。

(1)对文中加点字的注音和对划线字笔画、笔顺的判断，全都正确的一项是(2分)A. 深邃(suì) “惯”字共11笔，第三笔是竖B. 深邃(suí) “惯”字共12笔，第三笔是竖C. 深邃(suí) “惯”字共11笔，第三笔是点D. 深邃(suì) “惯”字共13笔，第三笔是点(2)根据语意，将下列语句依次填入文中横线处，最恰当的一项是(2分)①事业的成败②王朝的更替③英雄的兴衰A.①②③B. ①③②C.③①②D. ③②①(3)请结合文段内容，在【甲】【乙】处分别填写标点符号，正确的一项是(2分)A.【甲】引号【乙】书名号B.【甲】书名号【乙】书名号C.【甲】引号【乙】引号D.【甲】书名号【乙】引号3. 孔乙己和范进都是科举制度下深受毒害的读书人。

2018年各区一模试题分类汇编名著阅读【2018 东城一模】三、名著阅读（共5分）15.请从［链接材料］中分别选出与表格中《论语》语录内涵相匹配的一项（填序号）。

（3［链接材料］［甲］令初下，群臣进谏，门庭若市。

［乙］公曰：“小大之狱，虽不能察，必以情。

”对曰：“忠之属也。

”［丙］南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭。

孔子云：“何陋之有？”16.人们常说：“平凡之中蕴含着伟大”，请你从《红岩》《鲁滨逊漂流记》《朝花夕拾》《海底两万里》中任选一部作品，就其中一个人物，结合具体情节谈谈你对这句话的理解。

（2分）答：答案：15.①［甲］②［丙］③［乙］（3分）16.答案示例1：《朝花夕拾》里的藤野先生是一位平凡的日本教师，因为关心弱国留学生鲁迅，帮他纠正解剖图，公平正直，给鲁迅带来关怀，他在鲁迅心里眼里都是伟大的。

答案示例2：《红岩》里的华子良为了更好地在狱中开展党的工作，装疯，忍辱负重，帮助狱友传递消息，为越狱做出重大贡献。

华子良是位平凡的共产党人，但他为了党的事业自我牺牲的精神是伟大的。

【2018 西城一模】三、名著阅读（共5分）17. 中国提出建设“一带一路”的合作倡议，旨在谋求多国共同发展，至今已有100多个国家和国际组织积极支持和参与。

如果从下面三则《论语》中选择一句来表达对众多国家和国际组织参与“一带一路”的认识，你会选择哪一句？请说明理由。

（２分）①子曰：“里仁为美。

择不处仁，焉得知？”（《论语·里仁》）②子曰：“德不孤，必有邻。

”（《论语·里仁》）③子曰：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？”（《论语·学而》）选择句。

理由：18. 小刘同学在读《西游记》原著前，认为孙悟空是个神通广大的猴子；读完整本《西游记》，他发现孙悟空不仅神通广大，而且重情重义。

比如孙悟空被师父误解而被逐出师门，当师父遇难，他还是回到师父身边，降服妖怪，护送师父西天取经。

你在阅读名著前后，对某一文学形象产生过怎样不同的认识？请结合具体情节谈谈产生新认识的过程。

【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】2018北京东城初三一模试题语文试卷 2018.5.2本试卷共10页，共100分。

考试时长150分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、基础·运用（共15分）2018年新年伊始，一档演绎经典诗词的节目——《经典咏流传》走进公众视野。

同学们为此开展了语文课外学习活动。

以下是同学们整理的材料，请你根据要求，完成1-5题。

在这个舞台上，既有“旧词新曲”的重新诠释，也有“化词入乐”的创造性chǎn发。

创作者借助音乐，把古典诗词精准地嵌入当代语境时，古典诗词便不难与现代人的情感与心灵发生深深的共鸣与碰撞。

事实上，旧词新唱一直是经典传承的一条蹊径。

只有把传统文化从“过去完成式”转化为“现在进行时”，经典才能真正地焕发出新的光彩。

不少古典诗词名作都曾被谱以新曲，乘着歌声的翅膀，“飞入寻常百姓家”：有的成为学堂乐．歌，对中小学生起到了音乐启蒙的重要作用；有的因慷慨激昂，契合抗日救亡的时代主旋律而被传唱一时。

改革开放后，以王立平谱曲的《红楼梦》系列歌曲、谷建芬谱曲的电视剧《三国演义》主题歌《临江仙·滚滚长江东逝水》等作品又让古典诗词焕发了新的生机。

随着流行音乐的péng 勃发展，除了“旧词谱新曲”的方式，另一种“化词入乐”的创作手法更被广泛应．用。

今人以古诗词名篇的题目、诗句为基础，大胆地采用“拿来主义”，从现代人的角度来诠释古典诗词，让听众在欣赏优美音乐的同时，也悄然走近了古诗词。

1.（1）对文中加点字注音和划线字笔顺的判断，全部正确的一项是（2分）A.乐（lè）应（yìng）“转”字第四笔是竖B.乐（lè）应（yīng）“转”字第四笔是竖C .乐（yuè）应（yìng）“转”字第四笔是提 D. 乐（yu è）应（yīng）“转”字第四笔是提（2）请根据文段中的汉语拼音，将词语写在答题纸的田字格内。

2018东城一模Rooftop GardensI lave you ever seen a rooftop garden— a garden on（he top of a roof? Many people arc finding it good forthe environment and good for themselves.（dies can be as much as 4 10 degreeswarmer than the countryside. （ireen r（x）ftops canactually help cool the air in cities^ A single green roofwill not do much to change the temperature of a city. Ilowever・ when more buildings begin to change their rooftops into green spaces• it makes a real difference. Buildings that are cooler also u se air conditioning less often. This reduces the amount of energy a building uscst which is good for the environmcni. Cities are usually more polluted than other areas. Plants on rooftops can even help clean the air. Gardens in lhe city can also provide a place for birds and bugs to live in.One unusual rooftop garden is located above Children s I Iospital in St. Louis* Missouri. The gar<lcn covers an area of 7. 500 square feet. The garden has flowers・ fountains （喷泉）.even a goldfish pond• and also paths tha t children can walk on in slippers or with bare feet. It is used as a place for the children and their parents to relax and be close to nature without leaving the hospitaL Another interesting garden is on the rooflop of the Royal York Hotel in Toronto• （'anada. A large vegetable garden has been planted on the roof. The hoteKs chefs （厨iJ帀〉can pick fresh vegetables from the roof.Now noi all buiklings have rooftop gardense （）ru? reason is that rooflop gardens can be more expensive than traditional rooftops. I lowever. they may save on heating and cooling bills in the future. Also# a roof needs to be flat and strong enough to support the weight of the garden.Some people may not know about rooftop gardens and how good they can be for the environment・ But word is starting to get out. You may want to keep your eyes on the skies when you walk in your town or city. You never know when you might find a secret garden many feet above the ground・34.What is a rooftop garden?35.What is lhe second paragraph mainly about?36.What is the rooftop garden in Children's Hospital in St. Louis used as?37.Why is the r（x）ftop garden of the Royal York I lotrl interesting?38.Why don't all buildings have rooftop gardens?It was a cold night in Washington. D.C., and I was heading back to the hotel when a man came to me. He asked if I would give him some money so he could get something to eat. I'd read the signs: "Don't give money to panhandlers （乞丐）・So I shook my head and kept walking.I wasn't prepiired for a reply, but he said, 44I really am homeless and I really am hungry! You can come with me and watch me eat!'、But I kept on walking・I couldn't forget what happened to me that day for the rest of the week・ I had money in my pocket and it wouldn't have killed me to hand over a dollar or two even if he had been lying. On a very cold night, no less, I thought the worst of a fellow human being・ Flying back to Anchorage. I still couldn't help thinking of him.I was the writer of a weekly garden column （专栏）at The Anchorage Daily News. One day, out of the blue, I came up with an idea・ Bean's Cafe, the soup kitchen in Anchorage, feeds hundreds of hungry people every day. Why not try to get all my readers to plant one row in their giirdens for Bean's? Plant a row and take it down to Bean's・ Clean and simple.We didn't keep records back then, but the idea began to tiike off. People would call me when they took something in. Those who only grew flowers gave them away. Food for the spirit.In 1995 , the Garden Writers Association of America （ GWAA） held their meeting in Anchorage and alter learning of Anchorage\ program, Plant a Row for Bean's became Plant a Row for the Hungry・ The idea was to have every member of the Garden Writers Association of America write or talk about planting a row for the hungry・As more and more people started working with the program, many companies gave free seed to customers and had the logo （商标）seen in public・Garden editor Joan Jackson raised more than 30X）00 pounds of fruits and vegetables her first year, and showed the public how the program could really work. Texas fruit fiirms gave away food to their local food bank alter heiiring about Plant a Row. Today the program continues to grow・I am shocked that millions of Americans are threatened by hunger. If every gardener in America ・ and we're seventy million strong ・ plants one row for the hungry, we can make a difference in the number of neighbors who don't have enough to eat. Maybe then I will stop feeling guilty （'魄疚）about walking past a hungry man I could have helped・34.Did the writer give money to the hungry man?35.How did the writer feel alter flying back to Anchorage?36.What did the writer try to get his readers to do?37.What did the GWAA do for the "Plant a Row,w program?3& What is the purpose of the program?We should learn to understand our mother well. Here are the best ways towards a better relationship with hen They are not necessarily surprising, but they have worked for many people・ them.• Remember your mother's ageAs children, we often forget our mother's age. Knowing our mother's age, not just in numbers of years but in terms of her psychological （心、理白勺））and physical state, often helps us to understand her better -Listen to your motherI have found that sometimes the things my mother told me long ago are pretty useful. If you respect her point of view it will help your mother feel close to you.•Ask your mother about your childhood（童年的）historyIf you are lucky enough to have a living family, think of your life as a jigsaw puzzle（拼图游戏）and ask as many questions as you can to put the picture togethei: Understanding your childhood history can help you know more clearly who you are, as part of a family which you share with your mother .Trying to understand our mother is the topic of how we understand ourselves・ We should follow the way of her life. When we are able to accept our mother—with all her failings, we can understand her better and it can also help us to know about our shortcomings- Remember that understanding our mother is really about understanding ourselves.36.Should we learn to understand our mother well?37.What do children often forget about their mother?3 & How do we make our mother feel close to us?39. Why do we ask our mother about our childhood history?40. 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Here are three tips to help you plan your money for the trip you have planned for this summer vacation.•Pick a location that fits your budgetThe countries you choose to visit will have the greatest influence on the necessary size of your travel budget. Road tripping across America or backpacking through Europe, while popular, are two of the more expensive choices for a vacation・In contrast, a visit to Asia or South America will be much less expensive than back home・•“ Fun ” activities are expensiveIt seems to be necessary to plan your travel bud get around three major costs•••1. Transportation?. Hotels3. FoodPaying for these necessities is part of travel, but you might be surprised to learn that they could add up to less than half of the money you' 11 spend abroad. If you' re like me, your " dream vacation ” in eludes more than sitting in your hotel bed.When I was living in Chiang Mai, Thailand, I owned a small apartment and ate delicious Asian noodles 3 times per day. With the room at $5 per night and meals for $ h I spent about $8 per day.One of the coolest things to do in Chiang Mai is to go on a zip line adventure. It cost me $60 to get into the trees, which is about what I paid to live for 1 week in Thailand. If you want to go on an excursion （远足）every day, you" 11 easily spend five times a s much on “fun” as you do on necessities. This is true all over the world, so make sure you plan excursions into your travel budget ahead of time.•Plan for the unexpectedYou won? t always be prepared for everything that comes your way while traveling・ You need at least $1,000 to help you deal with the unexpected.First, there s the good kind of unexpected-- - When 1 was traveling through France on my summer vacation three years ago,I had no idea that the annual bull running festival （奔牛节）was happening in Spain.A traveler who had just arrived from Spain told me about the festival and because I had some extra money I was able to change my plans and attend!There，s also the bad kind of unexpected•••When I entered Thailand, I forgot my visa expiration dale （签证截.止H 期）.I ended up overstaying by nearly 1 month! When I crossed the border （边境），I was politely told I needed to pay the Thai government nearly $400!Giving yourself some extra money is very important to your safety and the enjoyment of your trip.34.What should you do if you' re going to travel the world?35.How much did the writer spend getting into the trees in Thailand?36.What does the writer think of going on an excursion?37・ Why could the writer attend the annual bull running festival?38.What，s the passage mainly about?2018石景山一模rheatre began with the ancient Greeks. They used to have shows called "plays'； which tell a story by people acting out what happened in it. They had big theatres which were outside, and you could have up to 17,000 people come and watch it. These outside theatres were round in shape, with stone seats going down to the centre, where they had thetk siage M・ The Romans also built theatres, and there are several you can visit in England, Greece, Italy and Turkey.Greek used to have a person lo explain the stor)r to the people who were watching, and the actors used to wear pictures on their faces, some with happy laces, some sad.There were not any theatres in Europe in the Middle Ages, but groups of actors (or players, as they used to be called) travelled around the country putting on shows and singing songs in the towns and in large private houses. Many large houses from this time have a special area in it where the players would do their shows.In England between 1558 and 1603. the ruler was Queen Elizabeth 1. During this time, theatres would be built outside the city walls because some people thought they were not safe places to be and that people caused troubles there・ They were usually round, and people would stand up to see the show. Rich people had seats to sit on. People used to eat and drink during the show・ They used to shout out to the actors and sometimes throw food at them.In Elizabethan times, a theatre group had 12 men and one writer in it. Women were not allowed to be in the show, so young boys used to wear dresses and play the female roles.Theatre in London today is very popular, even if tickets are very expensive・ Many American stars want to perform in London, and in the last few years Kevin Spacey, Nicole Kidman and Kathleen Turner have all acted in plays in London s theatres・34.Who began theatre?35.Where did actors put on shows in the Middle .Ages in Europe?36.Why were theatres built outside the city walls in Elizabethan times?37.How many people did a theatre group have in Elizabethan times?3& What is the passage mainly about?2018房山一模Surfing, a sport game, is the name for riding water waves on specialboards. Did you know that surfing has been around fbr more than 200 years? At first the sport was harder than it is today.For one thing the early surfboards were heavy They weighed as much as150 pounds. A surfer needed great strength just to getthe board from the beach to the water! Also the early players didn't ride standing up.surfingThey rode just lying on their stomachs. That was the only way to control the large boards.Those players lived in the islands of Polynesia, in the South Pacific .In 1778 the players took the sport to Hawaii. There surfing quickly became popular. The beaches and waves of Hawaii are perfect for surfing.In 1907, a 24-year-old young man, George Freeth, was the first person to ride a wave in the United States. George Freeth was advertised as "The Man Who Can Wilk on Welter/1 Thousands of people came here on the big red cars to watch his special performance• George h ad to move his big 8-foot long, solid wood, 200 pound surf board and wait for a suitable wave, catch it, and to the amazement of all, ride onto Redondo Beach while standing upright. He surfed in Redondo Beach in California.For years the sport of surfing spread slowly. In the 1950s surfing was known as a young people's sport because mostly young people seemed to enjoy it. In 1961 rules for surfers were written. The players themselves, along with some surfboard companies, made up the rules.Today surfers are looked upon as sportsmen. Southern California is still the surfing center of the United States. Thousands of people surf there・ Thousands more are fans of famous surfers・ Surfing is here to stay.Surfers must still be strong・To surf, a person should be able to swim well, both on top of and under the water A surfer must also be able to float （漂浮）for a long time. A good surfer must keep his or her eyes open at all times, even underwater, because he never knows what will happen next moment. Surfing is exciting, and also dangerous・34• Were the early surfboards heavy?35• How did the early surfers control the surfboard?36• Why did the sport of surfing quickly become popular in Hawaii?37• When were the rules made up for surfers?38• How can you become a good surfer?The BystanderBystanders arc people who see bully （欺凌）or know about it. Bullies （恶初）don't bully in private and bystanders are often around them. Bystanders can choose to: （a） join the bully, （b）ignore （忽视）the bullying or （c） stop itBystanders who join the bully are as bad as the bully, because they help the bully. They laugh when the bully docs something mean, so the bully thinks hc/shc is cool or popular. If bystanders 'like* the bully's internet posts, the bully posts more. These people make the problem worse ・Some bystanders do nothing. They arc afraid that if they say something, the bully will hurtthem too・ This makes sense・ But bystanders who do nothing are saying that "bullying is OK\Here arc some reasons why bystanders need to stop helping bullies:•They are not viciiins （受害者）today< but they can become victims in the iiiiure?•Bullying can get worse・ Victims get ill, hurt and sometimes they even die・ Did you knowthat about 60 percent of boys who bully in middle schools break the law later in life?•Other bullies copy. Young people think that bullying is cool and they begin to bully.•No one wins ・ With bullyi ng. every one in the group feels afraid and nervous ・So how can bystanders help? Bystanders can do small things・ For example, they can telltheir friends: "I’m not going to take part in bullying any more・I’m not going to spread rumours（谣言）,ignore people or Mike1 mean posts. So please don't include me in bullying or post mean photos to me.M Bystanders can also stop laughing at the bully, because if they laugh, the bully will think he/shc is popular.What else? Bystanders can:•say something. Tell the bully to stop.•do something・ Get help・ Tell an adult （a parent or a teacher）. Call the police if it looksdangerous・ Help the victim・Finally, bystanders should always stay safe. "rhe best way to be sale is to act as a group・Together, the group can make it clear that （he bullying is not OK. Stand up together!34.Who are bystanders?35- How many reasons arc there why bystanders need to stop helping bullies?36.Why should bystanders stop laughing at the bully?37.What should bystanders do if bullying looks dangerous?3& What is the passage mainly about?2018通州一模What homework did you do in the winter holiday? Now homework is not simply about exercises. Il can be researches, experiments aiul even work experiences. Take a look at 讣iree studenls special homework・Studying snacks（）ne clay. Wang Yang^ from Shanghai Yuying School, was doing his biology homework. His teacher asked them to research the nutrients （营养物质〉of different snacks. He bought 10 kinds of snacks・ Then he checked their ingredient （成分）lists one by one and wrote clown the amount of sugar, fat and so in each. "W G are told it is not good to eat too many snacks. They have high calories （卡路里）.But we always pay no attention to it.° lie said. After analyzing （分析）each snack s ingredients, he realized it was true.Wang Yang spent three days on the homework・ But he said it was interesting・"1 learned a lot. 1 collected the data （数• created forms and wrote the report by myself."Physics in real lifeWith some plasticine （橡皮泥）・steel （钢铁）balls* a ping-pong ball and piece of paper・ could you make a tumbler （不倒翁）? This is the physics homework of Huang Jiamcng. 14. of Shanghai 54 Middle School.Huang first cut the ping-pong ball in half. Then she put the plasticine and steel balls into one of them・ The bottom of the tumbler was made・ Finally, she used the paper to make the **hat M・"Next term, we will learn about the center of gravity （啦心）• This homework made me more curious about it she said.Learning on the jobWhile Wang and 11uang did their homework at home• Ding Zhenzhen・ 15. of No. 5 Middle School* had to go outside. She worked as a guide in the local museum ."Everyone at our school has to take part in volunteering or ot her activities/9 she said.Ding was a guide in the gallery （展馆）of coins・ She got brochures （小册子）from I he museum, but she still did research and added more informalion to lu r Siu* worked ihri v hours a <lay aiul ha<l no tunv to take a l）rc<ik・But she felt it was a meaningful experience. - My communication skills arc improved she said.34.Where is Wang Yang from?35.How many days did Wang Yang spend on his homework?36.What was Huang Jiameng s physics homework?37.What did Ding Zhenzhrn introduce to people?3& What s the three students homework about?。

2018北京通州区初三（一模）语 文 2018年5月考生须知1．本试卷共10页，共五道大题，24道小题。

满分100分。

考试时间150分钟。

2．在试卷和答题卡上准确填写姓名、班级和学校。

3．试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

4．在答题卡上，选择题用2B 铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。

5．考试结束，将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。

一、基础·运用（共15分）大运河是流动的文化，是沟通南北交流的纽带，是祖先留给我们的珍贵遗产。

积极推动“大运河文化带”建设，是文化自信的表现。

请你根据要求，完成1—5题。

1.下面是中国大运河的介绍与流经线路图，阅读后，完成（1）—（3）题。

（共5分）几．乎流经半个中国的大运河早已成为中华文脉的象征，积淀了丰厚的文化资源。

大运河横贯南北，连接8省35座城市和大量乡村，拥有京津、燕赵、中原、齐鲁、淮扬、吴越等不同地域文化形态，以及园林文化、戏曲．文化、工艺文化、饮食文化、民俗文化等众多文化类别和非物质文化遗产。

可以说， 建设大运河文化带，就是要更好地挖掘、保护、传承大运河文化，并创造优秀的新运河文化，使中国大运河成为展示和传播中华优秀文化的大长廊。

（1）下列词语中加点字与文中加点字“几”与“曲”读音相同的两项分别是 和 。

（填序号）（2分）①寥寥无几． ②窗明几．净 ③曾几．何时 ④异曲．同工 ⑤是非曲．直 ⑥曲．径通幽 （2）结合“中国大运河流经路线图”，判断文段画曲线句中运用有误的一个词语是 。

（1分）（3）下面比喻句，填入横线处最恰当的一项是 。

（填序号）（2分） 【甲】大运河就像一条金色丝线，将一颗颗璀璨的中华文化明珠串联起来！ 【乙】大运河就像一位矍铄老者，见证着千百年来的世事变迁、沧海桑田！ 2.请依据图片内容和所给提示将对联补充完整。

（2分） 【提示】京杭大运河开凿于公元前486年，距今已有2500多年的历史，是享誉世界的劳动人民的杰作，对中国南北地区之间的经济、文化发展与交流起到了巨大作用。

海淀区九年级第二学期期中练习语文一、基础·运用〔共17分〕你所在的学校开展寒假游学活动。

同学们在齐鲁大地游泉城，登泰山，访曲阜，探究文化底蕴，领略齐鲁魅力。

请根据要求，完成1-5题。

1．趵突泉居泉城济南七十二名泉之首，被誉为“天下第一泉”。

下面这幅书法名帖是书法大家赵孟頫有感于趵突泉美景而作。

请欣赏并完成(1)一(2)题。

〔4分〕(1)这幅名帖的书体是。

有同学对其作了如下评价，不正确．．．的一项是〔3分〕A．作品用笔清晰流畅，点画圆润，外柔内刚。

B．作品筋骨劲挺周正，情感奔放，喷薄而出。

C．作品用墨浅深自如，浓淡皆宜，俊美典雅。

D．作品布局匀称均衡，章法平和，温厚疏朗。

(2)根据下面的提示，请你推断上面书帖中“时来泉上濯．尘土，冰雪满怀清性孤”句中“濯”字的意思。

〔1分〕提示：濯，金文器，由〔水〕、〔羽毛〕、〔隹，小鸟〕组成。

2．访问老舍故居时，同学们了解到，老舍先生曾把济南称作自己的“第二故乡”，他为这座城市写下了脍炙人口的散文名篇《① 》，向读者展现了一个温润灵秀的济南。

同学们还了解到，老舍先生的目光更多地停留在普通民众身上，他创作的反映北平城人力车夫悲惨命运的小说《② 》、表现北平沦陷区普通民众生活与抗战的小说《四世同堂》，都是这类题材的代表作品。

〔2分〕3．同学们登上泰山，饱览大好山川的同时，感受到泰山丰富的文化底蕴。

请根据要求，完成(1)-(2)题。

〔4分〕(1)有位同学在网上查阅关于泰山文化的资料时，看到了下面一组连环画。

他根据连环画内容，想用下面成语〔俗语〕替换第6幅图中画横线的俗语，其中不恰当的一项是〔2分〕A ．有眼不识泰山 B．掩耳盗铃 C．管中窥豹 D．自欺欺人1．-位书生偶然听说，得到螳螂捕蝉时用来遮身的那片树叶，就可以把自己隐蔽起来，别人看不见2．书生于是整天在树下观望，当发现一只螳螂正悄悄躲在叶子后伺机捕蝉时，他连忙去摘那片叶子。

3.不料那片叶子掉了下来，跟地上的落叶混在一起识别不出来了。