沾光
我家居住的那片宿舍区，别的条件都还好，就是通往街道的小巷没有路灯。日复一日，年复一年，大家都习以为常了。这年秋天，有位邻居当了副县长，分管电力，上任的第二天，路灯管理所的工人便给我们这条小巷安装了路灯。小区里出了当官的大家都沾光，皆大欢喜。
可是好景不长，三年后，这位领导调到另一个县去了。也就是在他搬家的第二天，我们这里的路灯突然就不亮了。没有了路灯，大家自然又不习惯了。问原故，路灯管理所的人说：“这条小巷本来就没有计划安装路灯的，这几年是因为某某县长住在这里让你们沾光了。”听后，众人哑然。
A Benefit of Association
The residential area where I live is pretty good in terms of public facilities except that there were no lights in the alley leading to the main street. Year by year, everyone got used to this.
One autumn, one of our neighbours became vice head of
the county and was put in charge of power supply. The second day after he took office, street lights were installed along the alley. Now everybody was happy because we could all benefit from being a neighbor to the vice head of the county.
However, as the saying goes, “Good things don’t last long.”Three years later this vice head of the county was transferred to another county. The second day after his family moved out, the street lights went into blackout during the night.
Everybody was unused to this change now that we’d had lights for so long, and asked why the blackout. Someone from the street light office answered, “Originally it had not been planned to install lights along this alley. The reason why you had lights in the past few years was because Mr. So-and-So was the vice head of the county and you all benefited from connection with him.”
Everybody was left speechless at this reply.
新四级汉译英段落翻译技巧 新四级汉译英段落翻译解题技巧 ?题型简介?基本要求?翻译技巧 题型简介 ?自2013年12月考次起，全国大学英语四级考试的翻译部分将由原单句汉译英调整文段落汉译英，翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等题材。 140~160词 基本要求 要求考生以词、句的翻译为基础，扩大到对整体段落的翻译的把握，段落内容相对完整、结构相对独立。翻译时要把整个段落当作一个有机的语篇，注意各句子之间的衔接和段落间的过渡。 翻译技巧 (一) 词的翻译 (二) 句的翻译 (三) 段落翻译 (一) 词的翻译 1. 词义选择 2. 词类转换 3. 词的增补 4. 词的省略 5. 词的替代 1.词义选择 (1)语境词?汉语有些词语的含义会因语境而发生微妙的变化，称之为“语境词”，应紧密结合上下文译成相应的词，不能按照原词的字面意思来译。?原文：手机刷新了人与人的关系。?译文：Cell phone have altered the relationship among people. ?分析：“刷新”此处实际是指“改变”，而并非是我们平常所指的含义，因此不宜译成refurbish或renovate，翻译为alter或 change更恰当。 (2) 表意模糊的词?原文：这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才。?译文：The national key university has prepared batches of qualified graduates for the society. ?分析：“输送”在句中是一个模糊笼统的词，具体说来是指“培养出”。“人才”笼统，译为qualified graduates比较确切。 (3) 比喻词汇?汉语有许多比喻词汇，表面意义和喻指含义完全不同，英译时应跳出机械对应的思维定式，动态地译出其潜在含义。?原文：老师答应给这几个学生“吃小灶”。?译文：The teacher has promised to give these students special tuition. ?分析：“吃小灶”在这里指的是“个别辅导”。 2.词类转换 (1)动词?名词?英语动词受到形态变化规则的严格限制，大量本应该由动词表达的概念，常需借助于名词，因为名词不受形态规则的束缚，使用相对灵活、方便。?原文：吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。?译文：You"ll be full of praise while eating the first two main courses. ?分析：英语中有大量抽象名词表示行为或动作意义 advice,agreement,inheritance,knowledge,praise,use等。以上例句借助抽象名词表达了特定的行为动作，译文也显得较为地道。 (2)动词?介词?介词与名词密切相关，英语名词的广泛使用使得介词也频繁出现，而且英语中有些介词本身就是由动词演变来的。汉译英时，有些动词可以用介词来表达。?原文：人们常用剪纸美化环境。?译文：People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. (3)动词?形容词?汉语的一些动词常常用形容词来表达，这些形容词通常是与动词同源的词（如dreamful,doubtful,sympathetic 等），这样的译文有时会更地道、标准。?原文：在明朝和清朝时期特别流行。?译文：It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
汉译英短文翻译——清华在线 1 近年来，中国城市化进人加速阶段，取得了极大的成就，同时也出现了种种错综复杂的问题。今天的城乡建设速度之快、规模之大、耗资之巨、涉及面之广、尺度之大等已远非生产力低下时期所能及，建筑已成为一种重大的经济活动。（102字） 难点注释： 1）城市化urbanization 2）加速阶段an accelerating phase 3）错综复杂的问题some complicated problems 4）远非…所能及surpass 5）重大的经济活动a major economic pursuit 2 世界各地有3,600万人染上了艾滋病—这比整个澳大利亚的人口还多。目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲则是头号罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人丧失工作，使家庭丧失经济来源，使父母丧失孩子。在7个非洲国家中，巧岁至49岁的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。（119字） 难点注释： 1）染上艾滋病suffer from AIDS 2）头号罪魁the chief culprit 3）使……丧失deprive of 4）艾滋病病毒感染者people infected with HIV 3 当今中国，对传真机的使用已十分普及，并成为现代重要的通讯终端设备。据一项调查显示，2002年，中国市场对传真机的需求量约为200万台，国内产量仅满足了约30%的需求，进口机占据市场的主导地位。（89字） 难点注释： 1）传真机fax machines 2）通讯终端设备telecommunications terminal equipment 3）占主导地位dominate 4 2000年，美国数码相机的销量达到惊人的510万台，而1999年只有310万台。数码相机的流行其原因非常简单：成像质量好且花费少。此外，使用数码相机还能省去不少麻烦。你不用买胶卷，所有的照片都被存在可反复使用的存储卡上。一按快门，就可以马上在液晶显示屏上观察照片的效果。（124字） 难点注释： 1）数码相机digital camera 2）可反复使用的存储卡reusable memo叮cards
原文 巷 柯灵译者-张培基 巷，是城市建筑艺术中一篇飘逸恬静的散文，一幅古雅冲淡的图画①。这种巷，常在江南的小城市中，有如古代的少女，躲在僻静的深闺，轻易不肯抛头露面②。你要在这种城市里住久了,和它真正成了莫逆，你才有机会看见她③，接触到她优娴贞静的风度。 人耐心静静走去，要老半天才走完。它又这么曲折, 什么时候，你向巷中踅去，都如宁静的黄昏，可以清晰地听到自己的 斑斑驳驳的苔痕，墙上挂着一串串苍翠欲滴 的藤萝，简直像古朴的屏风。春来 小巷的动人处就是它无比的悠闲。无论是谁， 你的心情就会如巷尾不波的古井，那是一种和平的静穆，而不是阴森和肃杀⑩。它闹中取静，别有天地，仍是人间。它可能是一条现代的乌衣巷(11)，家家有自 己的一本哀乐帐， 使人忘忧。 译文 The Lane Ke Ling The lane, in terms of the art of urban architecture, is like a piece of prose of gentle gracefulness or a painting of classic elegance and simplicity①.
a small the lane, a maiden of ancient times hidden away in a secluded boudoir, is reluctant to make its appearance long time.③ The does not taste of the countryside at all. It is long and deep, so it will take you a long while to walk patiently and quietly through it from end to end. It is also so winding that it seems ⑤when you look far ahead, but if you keep walking until you take a turning, you’ll find it again lying endless and still more quiet. There is nothing but stillness there⑥. At any hour of day, you can even distinctly hear in the , which, moss-covered and hung with clusters of fresh green wisteria, look almost like screens of primitive simplicity. Inside the walls are residents’ gardens with In spring, beautiful peach and apricot blossoms atop the walls, ⑧waving their red sleeves, will sway hospitably to beckon the pedestrians. The charm of the lane lies in its absolute serenity. No matter who you are, if you in the lane for a while⑨, your mind will become as unruffled as the ancient well at the end of the lane. There you will a kind of peaceful calmness rather than gloomy sternness⑩. There reigns peace and quiet in the midst of noisy bustle. It is a world of its own on earth. It may be a modern (11)where each family, secluded behind closed doors, has its own covered-up story of （12）The all-pervading and all-purifying atmosphere of water-like placidness makes one forget all cares and worries.
汉译英的几种常用技巧（一）常用的翻译技巧1. 增译2. 减译（省译）3. 重复 4. 转译 5. 语序（词序/句序）调整（倒置） 6. 拆句与合并7. 正说反译, 反说正译8. 语态变换 1.增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达 方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。 这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。 英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思完整。 总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。 1. I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到
2.Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 3.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。 4.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 5. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 6. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 7. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 8. 班门弄斧 Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 9. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。
汉译英三步骤： 1.理解原文 包括原文逐字逐句的理解、对原文整体思想、观点和态度的理解，也包括对原文句子之 间和各部分之间相互关系的理解。 2.英语表达 在正确理解原文的基础上进行的，不是一对一的死译，而是在理解原文的基础上用相应 的英语结构、词汇和表达习惯准确的表达原文的意思。 3.核对检查 认真阅读自己的译文，要用挑错的眼光来检查译文是否正确表达了原文的意思，是否有 漏译、错译，译文语法如时态、语态、单复数形式和拼写上是否有错误。 汉译英翻译技巧： 1.选择恰当的英语词汇 有些英语词汇不仅有字面意思，还有内含意思。 e.g.“国家”：country, nation, state, land 分别内涵：疆土、人民、政府、感情 有些英语词汇本身含有贬义或一些委婉的意思，运用时要特别注意。 e.g.“宣传”publicize, propaganda （带贬义） 汉译英选词原则： （1）选适合上下文的词汇 e.g.“观众”：audience,viewer, spectator 分别表示：听音乐会或看戏的观众、电视观众、看体育表演的观众 “条件”不同情况下应用不同的英语词表达： 工作条件：working condition 有利的条件：favorable situation 录取条件：admission requirement 付款条件：terms of payment 词汇选择首先要忠于原文的意思。 e.g.近年来由于就业问题日益严重，有些人建议让没有工作的未婚妇女来替换那些 家务繁重的女工。 “就业问题”：employment problem, unemployment problem（找不到工作就业已 成问题，即失业问题） “没有工作的妇女”: women without jobs, women hunting for jobs（没有工作又 需要找工作的妇女，不需找工作的并不包括在内） （2）要注意词的广义、狭义、具体的意思和抽象意思的不同 e.g. ①他讲的笑话逗得我们都笑了。 ②他讲的话使我们大家都笑了。 ①His joke made us laugh. ②What he said make us laugh. We all smile at what he said. （3）选词时不要望文生义，不要死译，要考虑与汉语对应的英语词汇真正的意思。 e.g.①他们的好奇心得到了满足。
第一单元 1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3 .Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4. We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5. Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security. 第二单元 1 ．If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous，it would have attracted a larger audience．‘ 2. She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress. 3 ．I never had formal training，I just learned as I went along? 4. As their products find their way into the international
1过年 在从前的农业社会里，中国人最重要的节日就是过年。对过去的一年来说，这是结束；对未来的一年来说，这是开始。一进入腊月，街头巷尾就充满了过年的气氛，这种气氛要持续一个半月之久。大家不仅借着各种游乐节目来调剂一年来的辛劳，同时也在游乐中流露着一种乐观进取的精神。过年时，每家门上都贴上了春联，耀眼的红纸增加了人们的喜气，优美的字句提供了勉励。 Spring Festival In China’s formerly agricultural society, Spring Festival was the most important holiday. It was the end of the previous year and the beginning of the next. When the twelfth month of the lunar year began, the happiness of new-year celebration pervaded the streets for a month and a half. People sought relief from the previous year’s scrolls were put on the doors of every family in Spring Festival: the shiny red scrolls increasing happiness and the rhythmic words giving encouragement. 2亚欧合作 中国有句古话：“相知无远近，万里尚为邻”。中国与亚洲各国山水相连，共同铸就了灿烂的亚洲文明；古老而美丽的“丝绸之路”，谱写了中欧千年往来的美好篇章。中国与亚欧各国的互利合作正在步入下一个全新的阶段。中国将致力于同亚欧各国发展富有活力和长期稳定的全面合作关系，与亚欧各国相互支持，携手前进，共创美好未来。 Euro-Asian Cooperation In China, there is an old saying, “Long distances never separate close friends.” Linked and intertwined by mountains and rivers, China and other Asian countries have helped to build a splendid Asian civilization. The ancient Silk Road recorded great chapters in the history of exchange between China and Europe in previous millennia. Now, China and other Asian countries as well as European countries have marched into a brand-new ear of cooperation and mutual benefit. China will devote itself to building dynamic, stable, and long-term cooperation in various fields across Asia and Europe and marching forward, with other countries on the two continents, in a concerted effort to attain a brighter future. 3四合院 中国旧时家庭重视家庭成员间的长幼有序和伦理观念，其住宅为了适应这种需要建成了四合院。在高高的基地上，中间是正房，两边是厢房。房屋的分配按辈分的大小来决定，长辈住正房，晚辈住厢房。富贵人家的房屋也是四合院，只是院落较多而已。宫廷和寺庙，院落更大，一道一道地进去，更使人有种庄严高贵的感觉。随着时代的演变，现在中国都市里的房屋很多已经西化了，虽然住进了一排排的公寓，但是他们生活的方式仍然保持着过去的优良传统。 Quadrangle Courtyard Quadrangle courtyards were designed by the Chinese to meet the needs both of
汉译英短文翻译 1 近年来，中国城市化进人加速阶段，取得了极大的成就，同时也出现了种种错综复杂的问题。今天的城乡建设速度之快、规模之大、耗资之巨、涉及面之广、尺度之大等已远非生产力低下时期所能及，建筑已成为一种重大的经济活动。（102字） 难点注释： 1）城市化urbanization 2）加速阶段an accelerating phase 3）错综复杂的问题some complicated problems 4）远非?一所能及surpass 5）重大的经济活动a major economic pursuit 2 世界各地有3,600万人染上了艾滋病—这比整个澳大利亚的人口还多。目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲则是头号罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人丧失工作，使家庭丧失经济来源，使父母丧失孩子。在7个非洲国家中，巧岁至49岁的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。（119字） 难点注释： 1）染上艾滋病suffer from AIDS 2）头号罪魁the chief culprit 3）使……丧失deprive of 4）艾滋病病毒感染者people infected with HIV 3 当今中国，对传真机的使用已十分普及，并成为现代重要的通讯终端设备。据一项调查显示，2002年，中国市场对传真机的需求量约为200万台，国内产量仅满足了约30%的需求，进口机占据市场的主导地位。（89字） 难点注释： 1）传真机fax machines 2）通讯终端设备telecommunications terminal equipment 3）占主导地位dominate 4 2000年，美国数码相机的销量达到惊人的510万台，而1999年只有310万台。数码相机的流行其原因非常简单：成像质量好且花费少。此外，使用数码相机还能省去不少麻烦。你不用买胶卷，所有的照片都被存在可反复使用的存储卡上。一按快门，就可以马上在液晶显示屏上观察照片的效果。（124字） 难点注释： 1）数码相机digital camera 2）可反复使用的存储卡reusable memo叮cards 3）按快门press the shutter 4）液晶显示屏the LCD screen 5 由于历史、政治和经济上的原因，全世界讲英语、用英语的人为数最多。但是英语之所以能在全球流行，除了上述原因之外，也和英语自身的一些特性和特点不无相关。其中最重要的一点就是英语特别容易接受和适应—英语中的词汇吸收了全世界几乎所有主要语言的
三、汉译英专项练习答案及解析 一、倍数增减的表示法 1)is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 （考点：倍数+ 形容词/副词比较级+ than） 2)reacts three times as fast as the other one （考点：倍数+ as + 形容词/副词+ as） 3)is 49 times the size of the moon （考点：倍数+ 名词） 4)wants to raise the rent by a third （考点：动词+ by + 数词/百分比/倍数） 5)plan to double their investment （考点：double + 名词） 二、时态 1)or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church （考点：将来完成时） 2)the children had fallen asleep （考点：过去完成时） 3)my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside （考点：将来进行时） 4)have been revising my resume all the morning （考点：现在完成进行时） 5)No. It has been five years since I went on holiday （考点：It has been … since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了） 6)He has been in the army for 5 years （考点：1. 现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间） 三、被动语态 1)is being replaced by the computer and the projector （考点：被动语态的现在进行时） 2)will have been published by the end of this year （考点：被动语态的将来完成时） 3)can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work （考点：1. 被动语态与情态动词联用; 2. 汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动, 要译成英语的被动语态） 4)I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated （考点：同“3”的考点2） 5)Effective measures must be taken immediately （考点：汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态） 四、情态动词 1)but there is no answer. She can’t be at home （考点：情态动词可以表示可能性，can’t 表示“一定不”）
精编新CET6段落翻译（汉译英）练习题 每日一练，快速提高英语水平！ 第1篇 练习时间：年月日耗时：分 污染已成为问题，因为在当今人口越来越多，社会越来越工业化的世界上，人类正在污染他们居住的环境。许多科学家认为人类最大的错误是把发展和进步等同起来。现在人们以怀疑的态度看待“发展性”的产业，因为它们的副作用会破坏环境，破坏各种生命之间的关系。人口的增长导致对世界上有限的空气、水和土地的需求不断增长。伴随着人口增长的是越来越多的人渴望更高的生活水平。于是对电、水和商品的更大需求必然造成有更多的废物要处理。这个问题已经引起人们对生物及其环境的日益关注。许多人认为，人类没有尽快地解决这一问题，却只顾谋求私利，以致于到了无可挽救的地步以后才充分认识到这种兵贵神速。 第2篇 练习时间：年月日耗时：分 人们对智力所指的有那些不同表现看法比较一致，而对这些表现如何进行解释和分类，意见就不那么一致了。但人们一般认为智力高的人在处理问题时能抓住要点，善于区分，能进行逻辑推理，和利用语言和数学符号。智力测试只能很粗地衡量孩子的学习能力，尤其是学习学校要求的东西的能力。智力测试并不能衡量一个人的个性，社会适应力，耐力性，劳动技能，或艺术才能。人们不认为能做到这些，当初也不是为这些目的设计的。批评智力测试不能做到这一些，就如同批评温度计不能测风速一样。既然对智力的评估是相对而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对像进行比较时，我们所使用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公正的”比较。 第3篇 练习时间：年月日耗时：分 目前全国有39所大学开设地理学位课程，但我从未看到广告上有招聘地理专业的大学毕业生的好工作。或是不是只有我一个人怀疑他们将回到学校教另一批学生的地理，而这些学生将来又去教更多的学生的地理？现在只有10所大学开设航天工程学位课程，考虑到飞机制造业一直在裁员的速度，还是这样做好。另一方面，由于缺少医生，全国的医院急诊室不得不纷纷关门。为什么？因为大学的医学院只能为申请攻读学位的一半人提供名额。对我说，来，时机已经成熟，就业部和教育部应当和名大学携手起来，改革我们的教育制度，使之更珍惜地使用学校的人才资源，学生的刻苦勤奋精神。而现在这些人才和努力都浪费在无人感兴趣的文凭和学位上。 第4篇 练习时间：年月日耗时：分 在竞争的法则下，上万人的雇主不得不实行一些最严厉的节约措施，其中节约给工人报酬的那部分占很大一部分。社会为这个法则付出的代价如同为低廉的舒适条件和奢侈品付出的代价一样是巨大的。但带来的好处超过了代价，因为正是这个法则，我们才有了了不起的物质进步，其结果是生活水平的提高。但是，不管这个法则是好是坏，我们无法回避，对任何建议替代它的新东西，其作用我们是不敢肯定的，虽然这个法则有时对个人来说可能很残
汉译英： 1徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全 国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书 本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多很不可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全 靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多 奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名 山，反复观察变换的奇景。 Xu Xiake toured and investigated 16 provinces in his lifetime, covering almost the whole of China/ the whole country. When he was carrying out his investigations, he never took blind belief in the conclusions in the books. Instead he found a lot of unreliable points in the geographic records taken by his predecessors. In order to make his investigations reliable and thorough, he seldom traveled by carriage or boat. Instead, he took long, arduous trips on foot almost all the time, climbing mountains and hills. In order to learn about the truth of nature, he always chose to conduct investigations in mountainous areas with dangerous roads and in lonely / untraveled woods, where he discovered a lot of magnificent peaks and beautiful sights. ( During his life time, Xu Xiake visited and explored 16 provinces, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. He never blindly accepted the conclusions given in books in his exploration. He found that many of the geographical records by other people before him were inaccurate ( He found many inaccuracies in the travel notes on geography written by his predecessors ) . He seldom traveled by horse cart or boat but climbed mountains and ridges and took long, difficult journeys most of the time
汉译英翻译技巧1：了解中英文区别，避免机械对等翻译 英语和汉语是两种差异比较大的语言。在汉英双语互译时，其差异具体体现为词汇、句式、衔接等方面的差异。因此，对于备考大学英语四级考试的考生，了解中英文两种语言的以下主要区别，对段落汉译英答题很有帮助。 1.汉语重意合，英语重形合。汉语强调意义上紧密结合，主要靠词义手段连接，讲究“意境美”，所以有时候语法是不完整的；英语则注重句法、词汇手段等形式上的紧密结合，讲究“结构美”，强调句式完整和上下文的衔接。因此，汉译英需要通过对汉语句子进行句型变换，使用逻辑衔接词、从句等来显现句中的逻辑关系，从而符合英语的表达习惯。 2.汉语多短句，英语多长句。汉语侧重语义，多用短句、分句来表达；英语多用长句及复合句，其结构通过时态、标点符号及关联词来表达。因此，汉译英往往需要对原文进行合译、增补词汇等。 3.汉语多重复，英语多替代。汉语由于结构较松散，常对名词进行重复，使语义更加清晰，对动词进行重复起增强语气的作用：而英语常使用代词、名词及do，do so或so do，so，as或其他词组来代替重复出现的部分。
4.汉语多用主动，英语多用被动。 5.汉语用词多动词，英语用词多名词和介词。汉语句子多用动词，具有动态性和具体性的特点；英语句子则喜用名词和介词，体现静态性和抽象性的特点。这一不同的特点决定了汉译英过程中常常需要转换词性。 6.汉语句中的定语通常放在所修饰的名词之前，英语中定语的位置却可前可后。因此，汉译英时往往需要调整语序，如汉语中定语过多，英语可使用介词短语、分词、不定式、从句等后置定语以求句子结构上的平衡。 7.汉语重心在后，英语重心在前。在表达多逻辑思维时，汉语一般是由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到结论，即重心在后；英语则往往是判断或结论等在前，事实或描写等在后，即重心在前。【例1】九寨沟气候宜人，夏季凉爽，冬无寒风。 译文: Jiuzhaigou enjoys a favorable climate which is cool in summer but free from cold wind in winter. 解析：原句含三个汉语短句，但都是对“九赛沟”的描述，存在逻辑上的联系，译文中将第一个短句处理成主句，后两个短句则处理成 which引导的定语从句，既能体现三个句子间的逻辑联
B5M1(句子翻译) 1.It_doesn’t_matter_whether you will attend the party or not. 你来不来参加派对并不重要。 2.Many students are hot on playing computer games, while Wang Chen likes playing Weiqi. 许多学生热衷于电脑游戏，而王琛却喜欢下围棋。 .They have a lot in common and get along well with each other. 3.他们有很多相同之处，相处得很融洽。 .They are twin sisters, yet they have_little_in_common in their hobbies. 4.她们是孪生姐妹，但是她们的业余爱好几乎没有相同之处。 .In_common_with other companies, they advertise widely as well. 5.和其他公司一样，他们也广泛地做广告。 .One false step will make a great difference. 6.失之毫厘，谬以千里。 .The twins look so similar that you can hardly tell_the_difference_between them. 7.这对双胞胎看起来太像了，你简直无法把他们区分开来。 .It might be obvious to you, but it isn’t to me. 8.这对你来说也许很容易理解，但对我却并非如此。 .It_is_obvious_that the two Englishes have much in common. 9.很显然，这两种英语有很多共同之处。 .Obviously (obvious), American spelling is simpler than British spelling. 10很显然，美式拼写要比英式拼写简单。 .Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news gets around quickly. 11.好事不出门，坏事传千里。 .It’s time I got down to some serious work. 12.我该认真干点正事了。 .I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldn’t get through. 13.昨天我试着给你打过几次电话，但是没有打通。 .A man in confusion (confuse) cannot focus on the required work. 14.思绪混乱的人不可能集中精力做他被要求做的工作。 ③The confused look on his face suggested that he was confused about the confusing questions asked
在从前的农业社会里，中国人最重要的节日就是过年。对过去的一年来说，这是结束；对未来的一年来说，这是开始。一进入腊月，街头巷尾就充满了过年的气氛，这种气氛要持续一个半月之久。大家通过各种游乐节目来调剂一年来的辛劳，在游乐中流露着一种乐观进取的精神。过年时，每家门上都贴上了春联，耀眼的红纸给人们带来了喜气，优美的字句提供了勉励。 In previous/former agricultural society, the Spring Festival was the most important holiday in China.It is the end of the past year and the beginning of the next. As soon as the twelfth month of the lunar year begins, streets are filled with an atmosphere of celebrating the Spring Festival for a month and a half. People relax and get rid of the past year’s hard work by a variety of entertainment with a sense of optimism and enterprise. During the holiday, Spring Festival couplets are put on the door of every household. The shining red paper brings happiness to people, and the elegant/graceful words offers encouragement. 上海是一座朝气蓬勃、充满活力、多姿多彩的国际化大都市。改革开放以来，上海变化之大令世人瞩目。经济高速发展、社会秩序稳定、人们安居乐业，呈现出一片繁华景象。今天，尽管上海色彩斑斓的过去还值得留恋和回味，但城市日新月异的面貌却使越来越多的人折服。浦西展示了上海的辉煌岁月，浦东则展现了上海的美好前景。上海就像一轮红日，光芒四射，鲜艳夺目。 Shanghai is a dynamic, vigorous and diversified international metropolis. Since the reform and opening-up to the outside world, Shanghai has witnessed tremendous changes that attract worldwide attention. With rapid economic development, stable social order as well as peaceful and contented life and work of its people, Shanghai presents a scene of great prosperity. Today, though Shanghai’s glorious past is still worth remembering and savoring, its ever-changing image has filled more and more people with admiration. Puxi represents Shanghai’s splendid past, while Pudong unfolds its bright future. Like a rising sun, Shanghai is shining strikingly with great brilliance. 古时候的读书人，闲暇时间以琴棋书画自娱自乐。在中国人看来，艺术品的好坏反映了作者人格的高低。因此，弹琴、下棋、书法和绘画，都代表了一个人的修养。弹琴不是要做音乐家，而是进入一个辽阔的世界，净化自己的心灵。下棋不是为了胜负，而是磨练耐性，使人目光眼大。书法不仅要把字写得漂亮，也是为了陶冶情操。绘画则是通过简单的线条，展现自己想象的世界。 In ancient times, scholars enjoyed themselvesby music, chess, calligraphy and painting at their leisure/in their spare time. In the eyes of Chinese people, the quality of artwork is a reflection of the character of its creator. Therefore, playing music, playing chess, practicing calligraphy and painting show one’s culture. By playing music, one does not aim to be a musician but to broaden his horizons and purify his soul. By playing chess, one does not aim to win but to test his patience and sharpen his foresight. By practicing calligraphy, one aims not only to write beautifully but also to cultivate his mind. By painting, one creates his imaginary world with simple lines.