汉译英短文翻译——清华在线
1
近年来，中国城市化进人加速阶段，取得了极大的成就，同时也出现了种种错综复杂的问题。今天的城乡建设速度之快、规模之大、耗资之巨、涉及面之广、尺度之大等已远非生产力低下时期所能及，建筑已成为一种重大的经济活动。（102字）
难点注释：
1）城市化urbanization
2）加速阶段an accelerating phase
3）错综复杂的问题some complicated problems
4）远非…所能及surpass
5）重大的经济活动a major economic pursuit
2
世界各地有3,600万人染上了艾滋病—这比整个澳大利亚的人口还多。目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲则是头号罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人丧失工作，使家庭丧失经济来源，使父母丧失孩子。在7个非洲国家中，巧岁至49岁的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。（119字）
难点注释：
1）染上艾滋病suffer from AIDS
2）头号罪魁the chief culprit
3）使……丧失deprive of
4）艾滋病病毒感染者people infected with HIV
3
当今中国，对传真机的使用已十分普及，并成为现代重要的通讯终端设备。据一项调查显示，2002年，中国市场对传真机的需求量约为200万台，国内产量仅满足了约30%的需求，进口机占据市场的主导地位。（89字）
难点注释：
1）传真机fax machines
2）通讯终端设备telecommunications terminal equipment
3）占主导地位dominate
4
2000年，美国数码相机的销量达到惊人的510万台，而1999年只有310万台。数码相机的流行其原因非常简单：成像质量好且花费少。此外，使用数码相机还能省去不少麻烦。你不用买胶卷，所有的照片都被存在可反复使用的存储卡上。一按快门，就可以马上在液晶显示屏上观察照片的效果。（124字）
难点注释：
1）数码相机digital camera
2）可反复使用的存储卡reusable memo叮cards
3）按快门press the shutter
4）液晶显示屏the LCD screen
5
由于历史、政治和经济上的原因，全世界讲英语、用英语的人为数最多。但是英语之所以能在全球流行，除了上述原因之外，也和英语自身的一些特性和特点不无相关。其中最重要的一点就是英语特别容易接受和适应—英语中的词汇吸收了全世界几乎所有主要语言的材料。（113字）
难点注释：
1）流行popularity
2) 自身特性和特点qualities and characteristics in itself
3）不无相关have to do with
4）容易接受和适应receptive and adaptable
5）吸收take into
6
多年来，家长和老师都曾得到过这样一种信息：尽量利用任何机会表扬孩子，对他们所干的任何事情都要说好—据说这样做有助于提高孩子的自尊。但是近年来许多教育家和儿童心理学家正在得出一种完全相反的结论，他们认为对孩子往往少一些赞扬为好。（113字）难点注释：
1）得到信息get the message
2）尽量利用任何at almost any opportunity
3）自尊self-esteem
4）儿童心理学家child psychologist
5）得出完全相反的结论drawing a completely different conclusion
7
会议期间，有3个问题受到了特别重视，它们是：加强和巩固农业在国民经济中的地位和作用，提高农民收人；调整和改进产业结构，改进和加快区域性经济发展；努力工作，加快下岗工人就业和再就业步伐，改善社会保障制度。（100字）
难点注释：
1）受到特别重视be highlighted for special attention
2）加强和巩固consolidate and strengthen
3）调整和改进readjust and optimize
4）区域性经济regional economies
5）下岗工人laid-off workers
8
当今世界的竞争是人才的竞争。因此，党中央决定从海外我们的留学生中，从香港、澳门、台湾吸收和利用人才来加强我们在世界上的竞争能力。引进这些人才的重点是那些开放程度越来越大、竞争越来越激烈的部门，比如说银行、保险等行业，以及国有大型企业的管理层。（120字）
难点注释：
1）人才talented professionals.
2）海外留学生overseas students
3）吸收和利用人才absorb and make use of
4）引进人才introduce talented people from outside
5）银行、保险业banking，insurance industry
6）国有大型企业large state-owned enterprise
9
我们中国是世界上最大的国家之一，它的领土和整个欧洲的面积差不多相等。在这个广大的领土之上，有广大的肥田沃地给我们以衣食之源；有纵横全国的大小山脉，生长了广大的森林，贮藏了丰富的矿产；有很多的江河湖泽，给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利；有很长的海岸线，给我们以交通海外各民族的方便。（136字）
难点注释：
1）广大的肥田沃地large areas of fertile land
2) 给我们以衣食之源provide us with food and clothing
3）纵横全国的大小山脉mountain ranges across its len妙and breadth
4）广大的森林，丰富的矿产with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits
5）给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利provide us with water transport and irrigation
6）交通海外各民族的方便facilitate communication with nations beyond the seas
10
温哥华的辉煌是温哥华人的智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族团体所作的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。温哥华则是加拿大最大的多民族城市。现今的180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，而平均每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。（120字）
难点注释：
1）温哥华V ancouver
2）多民族团体multi-ethnic groups
3）智慧和勤奋的结晶a crystallization of the wisdom and diligence，此处可根据上下文进行转换调整：the prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people 4）地广人稀a vast，under-populated country
5）不是本地出生的not born locally
11
人体是由各种类型的细胞构成的，这些细胞多达50万亿，它们之间相互联系，相互依赖。如果丧失其中的某些细胞，比如说失去构成整条腿的细胞，将会严重影响其余所有肌体组织；而像心脏或肾脏之类的器官，哪怕相对较少的细胞受到严重损害，也可能会最终导致所有50万亿细胞的死亡。（128字）
难点注释：
1）万亿trillion
2）相互联系，相互依赖interrelated and interdependent
3）影响其余的所有肌体组织handi c即all the rest of the organism
4）最终导致end by...，lead to...
l2
不同的篇章、体裁在直译与意译的趋向程度上往往有所不同。一般来说，文献类和新闻报道的翻译多采用直译，因为翻译这类文献关键在于译文的准确性；而对诗歌散文、戏剧电影、小说传记等以情动人的作品，翻译时应多采用意译，以充分再现原文的意境情趣。（115字）
难点注释：
1）直译与意译literal translation and free translation
2）不同程度地to some extent
3）多采用be preferable to（something）
4）文献literatures，documents
5）关键在于the crux lies in
6）以情动人的作品emotional works
7）原文的意境情趣the right mood and flavor of the original works
13
从20世纪中叶到21世纪中叶的一百年间，中国人民的一切奋斗，则是为了实现祖国的富强、人民的富裕和民族的伟大复兴。这个历史伟业，我们党领导全国人民已经奋斗了五十年，取得了巨大的进展，再经过五十年的奋斗，也必将胜利完成。（105字）难点注释：
1）20世纪中叶the mid-20th century
2）奋斗endeavor
3）民族的伟大复兴the nation immensely rejuvenated
4）历史伟业historic cause
14
中国的体育运动经历了几千年的发展，但直到1949年中华人民共和国成立后才成为国家的事业。目前，一个全国范围的体育运动网已经建立起来，这方面的开支也被列人国家预算之中。在过去的五十年中，由于体育工作者和体育运动员的共同努力，我国的体育运动取得了可喜的成绩。（123字）
难点注释：
1）经历undergo
2）国家的事业an undertaking of the state
3）体育运动网network for physical culture
4）列人国家预算include in the state budget
5）可喜的成绩gratifying achievement
15
展望新世纪初的国内外形势，未来五到十年，是我国经济和社会发展极为重要的时期。世界新科技革命迅猛发展，经济全球化趋势增强，许多周边国家正在加快发展。所有这些既对我们提出了严峻挑战，也为我们提供了迎头赶上、实现跨越式发展的历史性机遇。（127
难点注释：
1）极为重要的时期an extremely important period
2）全球化趋势the economic globalization trend
3）周边国家neighboring countries
4）严峻挑战severe challenge
5）跨越式发展development by leaps and bounds
16
森林给人提供木材，还能调节气候、保持水土、防风固沙、改善水质、防烟防尘、消毒杀菌、减少噪声、美化环境、维持及改善生态平衡。如果没有绿色植物不断制造氧气和吸收有害的气体，人类就无法生存。人们的健康与空气的优劣有关，而空气的优劣又与森林的多少有关。（122字）
难点注释：
1）调节气候regulate climate
2）保持水土conserve water and soil
3）防风固沙wall off wind，fix sands
4）消毒杀菌sterilize（purify）the air
5）生态平衡ecological balance
17
许多树木都能吸收空气中的有害物质和致癌物质。林区空气中的细菌数量只有无林区的百分之一，而百货商店内每立方米空气中则含有四百多万个细菌。绿化区可以使噪音减弱四分之一左右。森林上空和附近的空气的含水量比无林地区多百分之十至二十。（112字）难点注释：
1）致癌物质cancer-causing substances
2）每立方米per cubic meter
3）含水量moisture content
18
到2020年，全世界癌症的发病率有可能增加50个百分点，每年可能将出现1500万新病例。世界健康组织全球癌症报告指出，如果不采取积极的预防措施，这样的趋势将无法避免。因为这是从已经形成的生活习惯—例如抽烟—滋生出来的。（101字）难点注释：
1）癌症的发病率cancer rate
2）世界健康组织The World Health Organization
3）无法避免inevitable
生物学家发现，每年有10万多只信天翁被渔船杀死。如果不采取紧急措施，几十年之后，大部分的信天翁种类都会灭绝。信天翁有极强的耐力和航海能力，能够绕地球飞行几圈而不着陆。它们一生的行程约有一千多万英里，相当于往返地球与月球之间50次。（112字）难点注释：
1）信天翁albatross
2）紧急措施urgent action
3）灭绝extinguish，be wiped out
4）耐力endurance
20
据研究人员统计，接下来的几十年，欧洲人口将持续减少。目前欧盟国家的妇女平均生1.5个孩子，而为了保持人口替代率，每个妇女至少要生两个孩子。即便从现在开始妇女增加生育数量，人口减少的趋势仍将持续几十年，因为他们的下一代中愿意成为父母的人比这一代的要少。（122字）
难点注释：
1）持续减少continue to decline
2）替代率replacement rate
3）人口减少的趋势the tendency to population decline
汉译英短文翻译参考答案——清华在线
1
In recent years, urbanization in China has stepped into an accelerating phase. Amidst magnificent achievements, there have emerged some complicated problems. The crux is that the cities and the countryside are developing at such a rapid rate, on such a large scale, with such enormous capital, in such a vast extent that they have surpassed any historical period China has ever witnessed before. V irtually, building construction has today become a major economic pursuit in China.
2
Throughout the world 36 million people are suffering from AIDS, which is more than the whole population of Australia. At present, AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death in the whole world, and the chief culprit in Africa. In Africa, it deprives jobs of the workers, families of incomings and children of their parents. In seven African countries, more than 20 percent of the 15-to-49-year-old population is infected with HIV.
3
In today's China, fax machines have been widely used as a popular and important modern telecommunications terminal equipment. According to a study, in 2002, Chi-na needed about 2 million fax machines, but the country only satisfied about 30% of the demand with the market dominated by the imported ones.
4
Digital cameras sold an astonishing 5．1 million throughout the US in 2000, up from 3．1 million in 1999. These cameras are getting popular for a good and simple reason: they take better pictures for less money. Digital cameras have always offered convenience. Y ou don't have to buy films because all your images are saved on reusable memory cards. Press the shutter and you can review your shot immediately on the LCD screen.
5
The English language is spoken or read by the largest number of people in the world for historical, political, and economic reasons. But it may also be true that the popularity of English language has much to do with some qualities and characteristics in itself. First and most important is its extraordinarily receptivity and adaptability-it has taken materials into its own vocabulary from almost all major languages in the world.
6
For years, parents and teachers got the message that children should be praised at almost any opportunity, that saying“good job”for everything they do, as they believe, helps raise their self-esteem. But many educators and child psychologists are drawing a completely different conclusion: less praise is often better for their children.
7
During the meeting, three aspects have been highlighted for special attention over next. They are：consolidate and strengthen the fundamental role of agriculture in the national economy and increase farmers' income；readjust and optimize the industrial structure for the promotion of coordinated development of regional economies；work hard to boost employment and the reemployment of laid-off workers, and improve the social security network．
8
In today's world, competition among states is mainly a competition among talented professionals. Therefore, it is a decision adopted by the CPC Central Committee to fully absorb and make use of the talented people among our overseas students and among the professionals in Hong kong, Macao and Taiwan. This will help us strengthen our competitive edge. The departments that would introduce talented people from outside are those that are exposed to increasingly fierce competition and that are open wider to the outsider world, such as banking, insurance industry, large state-owned enterprises, etc.
9
China is one of the largest countries in the world, her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe. In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing, mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits, many rivers and lakes which provide us with water transport and irrigation, and a long coastline which facilitates communication with nations beyond the seas.
10
V ancouver's prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people living in V ancouver, including the contribution made by multi-ethnic groups. Canada is a vast, under-populated country with a land area larger than that of China and a population of less than 30 million and V ancouver is the largest multi-ethnic city in the country. Among its 1．8 million residents, half were not born locally and there is on an average one Asian out of four residents.
11
A man body is composed of 50 trillion cells of a variety of types, all interrelated and interdependent. Loss of some of those cells, such as those making up an entire leg, will seriously handicap all the rest of the organism, and serious damage to a relatively few cells in an organ, such as the heart or kidneys, may end by killing all 50 trillion.
12
Different discourses or styles tend to focus on different stresses so, to some extent, need different translating ways. Generally speaking, literal translation is preferable to free translation in translating literatures, for the crux of these literatures lies in accuracy. On the other hand, free translation is more suitable than literal translation in translating some emotional works such as poetry, prose, drama, film, novels, autobiography, etc., so as to reproduce the right mood and flavor of the original works.
13
All endeavors by the Chinese people for the 100 years from the mid-20th to the mid-21st century are for the purpose of making our motherland strong, the people prosperous and the nation immensely rejuvenated. Our Party has led the entire Chinese people in carrying forward this historic cause for 50 years and made tremendous progress, and it will successfully attain the objective through hard work in the coming 50 years.
14
China's sports have undergone several thousand years of development. But they were not regarded as an undertaking of the state until 1949, when the People's Republic of China was founded. Now a nation-wide network for physical culture has been set up and expenditure on this field has been included in the state budget. With the concerted efforts of sports workers and athletes, gratifying achievements have been made in physical culture and sports in the past 50
years.
15
Looking ahead at the situation at home and abroad at the beginning of the 21st century, it can be said that the next five to ten years will be an extremely important period for China's economic and social development. The worldwide new scientific and technological revolution is progressing rapidly with great momentum. The economic globalization trend is gaining strength. Many neighboring countries are accelerating their development. All this serves as a severe challenge as well as a historic opportunity for us to strive to catch up and achieve development by leaps and bounds.
16
Apart from providing people with timber, forests help regulate climate, conserve water and soil, wall off wind, fix sands, improve water quality, keep away smoke and dust, sterilize（purify）the air, reduce noise, beautify surroundings, maintain and improve ecological balance. Man would not be able to exist without green plants producing oxygen and absorbing harmful gases all the time. Man's health is closely related to the quality of the air, which in turn is decided by the size （extent）of forests.
17
Many kinds of trees can absorb poisonous and cancer-causing substances in the air. The amount of bacteria in a forest area makes up but 1% of that in a deforested area, while the air in a department store contains more than 4 million bacteria per cubic meter. A tree-covered area may reduce noise by a quarter. Moisture content in the air above or around a forest is 10%-20% more than that of the places devoid of forest.
18
Cancer rates worldwide could increase by 50 percent by 2020, reaching 15 million new cases a year. The World Health Organization's World Cancer Report says that if no preventive measures are taken increases of this order are inevitable because they stem from habits-such as smoking-that are already established.
19
Biologists have discovered that fishing fleets are eliminating more than 100, 000 albatrosses every year. In a couple of decades most species will be wiped out unless urgent action is taken. Albatrosses are capable of astonishing feats of endurance and navigation, and can fly round the world several times without stopping on land. During their lives, they fly more than 10 million miles, the equivalent of 50 return trips to the moon.
20
According to researchers' estimate, Europe's population will continue to decline for decades. At present 1.5 babies are born for every European Union woman, when two births are required for the population“replacement rate”to be maintained. Even if women started to have more children again, the tendency to population decline would continue for decades, as there will be fewer parents in the next generation than in this one.
汉译英短文翻译——清华在线 1 近年来，中国城市化进人加速阶段，取得了极大的成就，同时也出现了种种错综复杂的问题。今天的城乡建设速度之快、规模之大、耗资之巨、涉及面之广、尺度之大等已远非生产力低下时期所能及，建筑已成为一种重大的经济活动。（102字） 难点注释： 1）城市化urbanization 2）加速阶段an accelerating phase 3）错综复杂的问题some complicated problems 4）远非…所能及surpass 5）重大的经济活动a major economic pursuit 2 世界各地有3,600万人染上了艾滋病—这比整个澳大利亚的人口还多。目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲则是头号罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人丧失工作，使家庭丧失经济来源，使父母丧失孩子。在7个非洲国家中，巧岁至49岁的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。（119字） 难点注释： 1）染上艾滋病suffer from AIDS 2）头号罪魁the chief culprit 3）使……丧失deprive of 4）艾滋病病毒感染者people infected with HIV 3 当今中国，对传真机的使用已十分普及，并成为现代重要的通讯终端设备。据一项调查显示，2002年，中国市场对传真机的需求量约为200万台，国内产量仅满足了约30%的需求，进口机占据市场的主导地位。（89字） 难点注释： 1）传真机fax machines 2）通讯终端设备telecommunications terminal equipment 3）占主导地位dominate 4 2000年，美国数码相机的销量达到惊人的510万台，而1999年只有310万台。数码相机的流行其原因非常简单：成像质量好且花费少。此外，使用数码相机还能省去不少麻烦。你不用买胶卷，所有的照片都被存在可反复使用的存储卡上。一按快门，就可以马上在液晶显示屏上观察照片的效果。（124字） 难点注释： 1）数码相机digital camera 2）可反复使用的存储卡reusable memo叮cards
汉译英作文法 其实现在人们所提到的“汉译英作文法”，并不算是什么新出现的方法，其实这个想法的雏形在李笑来的《TOEFL-ibt高分作文》就已经出现了，这应该才是鼻祖。无老师只是在这里将这种方法很系统，有条理的解释一遍，供大家参考。 这种方法是在一种很无奈的情况下的折中选择。因为现在中国的教育资源极端的不充足，再加上中国人口众多，因此就早正现在的真正能够提供有价值的培训，以及为这种有价值的培训付费的资源都是十分贫乏的情况下的无奈选择。随着中国的教育市场越来越大，同时人们对于知识的尊重和认知越来越好的时候，这样的方法，就会因为难以迅速的达到人们满意的效果而慢慢进行改良。但是不得不承认，现在的中国，这种“汉译英作文法”还是最简单粗暴的，同时也最可行的提升人们作文水平的方法。 其实人们现在准备托福作文的优质教材并不多。这本李笑来的《TOEFL-ibt高分作文》，应该算是其中比较优秀的一本。 在这本书之中，其主要的内容都是老托福的作文题，这些作文题被我们称为TWE，在PBT老托福时代，TWE作文是有其固定的题库的，一共是185篇作文的题库。这本《TOEFL-ibt高分作文》就是把185篇作文题目，每个题目都附上英文范文，以及相应的中文翻译。
因此看上去，每个作文题目都是中英文两篇文章，实际上是同一篇文章，因为他们可以互译。 接下来就是这种“汉译英作文法”的主要操作流程了： 第一步、随便挑20篇作文题目，因为这种方法主要练习的是人写作文的实力，因此具体选那个题目并不重要，只要随机挑选20篇作文就好了。 第二步、将英文范文遮住，然后按照这篇中文翻译稿，逐句的将这篇中文翻译稿再用自己的能力将其翻译成英文，在这个过程中，你就要思考一句话，自己到底应该怎么表达，通过这种方式练习把自己心中的中文翻译成为英文的能力，其实这也就是考试所需要的能力。 但是很显然，初期写的时候很痛苦，一篇作文有可能要花1小时，甚至更长的时间来完成，这很正常，坚持下来就好了，慢慢速度就会提升上来的。 我们初期写出的英文作文句式很单一，用词很贫乏，甚至有很多语法错误，同时很多中式英语，写的也不地道，这都是很正常的。这就需要第三步。 第三步、将被遮住的英文范文打开，按照英文范文，逐字逐句的修改自己的英文作文，这里可以发现，几乎整篇文章都是不一样的，不管从用词，还是局势的结构，以及表达的方式都是不一样的。
汉译英 1.广场舞是社区中老年居民以健身、社交等为目的在广场、公园等开敞的地方进行的健身操或舞蹈，通常以高分贝的音乐伴奏。广场舞在中国大陆无论南北皆十分普遍。对于广场舞的确切认识，社会学界及体育界目前均未达成共识。广场舞的高分贝音乐常常造成噪音滋扰，因此许多居民反对在小区中跳广场舞。 The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music. The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south. Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing. The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities. 2.故宫，又称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富，而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来，故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次，随着旅游业的繁荣，游客人数有增无减，可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。 The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs. It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world. The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow. Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity. In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad. Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing. It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace. 3.《新闻联播》是中国中央电视台（CCTV）每日播出的一个新闻节目。节目每次播出时长一般为30分钟。它被中国大陆大多数地方频道同时转播，这使得它成为世界上收看人数最多的节目之一。自从1978年1月1日首次播出以来，它就以客观、生动、丰富的纪实手段记录着中华大地每一天的变化。作为中国官方新闻资讯类节目，《新闻联播》以沉稳、庄重的风格著称。 Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television (CCTV) every day. It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program. It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs. Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich. As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its
21世纪大学英语第三册中译英2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7单元的中译英翻译练习 Unit 2 1．独立生活的能力对于任何一个成年人来说都是必不可少的，但真正的成熟远远不只是一整套的生存策略。 The ability to fend for oneself is indispensable to any adult , but real maturity is more than just a set of survival strategies. 2．孩子们在儿童节有资格免费进入每一个城市公园。这是对他们全年长期呆在学校里的一种补偿。 On Children’s Day,kids are entitled to free entry to all the city parks.It’s a way of compensating them for the long hours they spend in school all your. 3．你更注重个人的生活而不是学习，难怪你的成绩下降了。 You’re giving more priority to your personallife than to your studies.It’s no wonder your grades are suffering. 4．鉴于当今社会大多数的妇女在外谋职，很自然她们反对丈夫把她们作为管家来对待。Given that most women nowadays have jobs outside the home ,it’s natural that they object to their husbands treating them like housekeepers. 5．美国的不少百万富翁都至少拥有两座房子和一架私人飞机。 Quite a number of American millionnaires owns at least two house and private plane. 6．当约翰从癌症中意外地康复时，他的医生把此归功于他坚强的毅力和对未来的信念。When John recovered unexpectedly from cancer,his doctors attributed it to his strong will and faith in the future. 7．没有任何实际理由要保留为女性开门的那种习俗，更不用说保留“妇女和儿童优先”的传统了。 There is no practical reason to perpetuate the custom of opening doors for women,let alone the tradition of “women and children first”. 8．许多女权主义者反对男人养育孩子不如女人的想法。 Many feminists object to the notion that men can’t nurture children as well as women can Close Unit 3 1．我们不久就对她无休止的抱怨感到厌倦，并尽量避开她。 We soon grew weary of her constant complaints, and avowed her as much as possible. 2．市长将在今天下午主持会议，为建设一条新公路的规划作准备。 The mayor will preside over a meeting this afternoon that will pave the way for plans to build a new highway . 3．如果我们有更多的时间可支配，我会带你上这座山。从山顶上四下观望真令人惊叹。 If we had more time at our disposal , I’d take you up this mountain.the view from the top is truly awe-inspiring. 4．任何热爱生活的人都不难发现鸟类迁徙中的象征性美和实际美。 Anyone who is in love with life will have no difficulty in finding the symbolic as well as the actual beauty in the migration of the birds. 5．观看壮观的潮涨潮落景色使我感到一种在其他地方感受不到的内心的满足。 Watching the magnificent view of the ebb and flow of the tides fills me with an inner contentment that I find nowhere else.
高中英语汉译英 1稍等一会儿，我会帮助你的。 请尽早做出决定,不然你会坐失良机.(or) 2他们作了自我介绍。(introduce) 3请去查询下班火车什么时候开。(find out) 4昨天下午2时到4时你在做什么？(过去进行时) 5我正在吃晚饭，电话铃响了。 6不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢游泳。(be fond of) 7他今天感到身体好多了。(a lot) 8礼堂里早已挤满了高中学生。(be full of) 9我在街上走时，看到了一些古老的建筑物。(while) 10我走近花园时，几个男孩子在爬树。(用过去进行时) 11请脱下你的旧上衣，穿上这件新的。(take off, put on) 12这件事是什么时候发生的？（happen） 13他去办公室查询课程表.(ask abut) 14当我们到达车站时，火车已开出了。(过去完成时) 15他服药后，开始感到好些了.(过去完成时) 16 我观看体育节目你有意见吗? (mind) :介意做某事 17我还没有读完那本有关伦敦的书.(finish) finish doing:完成做某事 18 他没有跟我说一声就离开了山村。(without) 19我告诉她我已把餐具洗好了。(过去完成时) wash up 20汤姆上楼去他的卧室时，他的姐姐已把他的上衣改短了一英寸。(过去完成时) 21我和汤姆都盼望早日见到您。(look forward to). 22全世界的人都在电视上观看奥运会.(all over the world) 23我听说这场比赛将延期。(put off). 24这里要讲英语.(被动) 25这座体育馆将于明年建成.(被动语态) 26过马路时要小心.(be careful) 27这次车祸是什么引起的?(cause) 28她总是乐于助人.(be ready to). 29这个女孩由于不遵守交通规则，在车祸中受了伤。(被动). 30到时候会通知你的.（被动语态） 31我根本不喜欢这个铜的框架。(not…at all) not…at all:一点都不 32他把玫瑰栽在花园中间.(in the middle) 33他不知道她为什么在练习中有这么多的错误.(wonder) 34他告诉我一切都会好的。(过去将来时). 35谁也不知道我们什么时候举行下次会议. 36在新学校里有这么多的东西要学。 37当老师进来的时候，我们正在愉快地交谈。 38我们一读完初中就进入高中。 39我的老师比我想象的要年轻得多。 40晚饭后，我总是在厨房里洗碗碟. 41我们将在明天下午举行班会.(用被动语态) 42 老师看见他的学生们在教室里做功课。(…doing…) 43她说鲁宾逊先生将不得不为那张画付高价. 44我的母亲说我们将在北京逗留两个星期。(过去将来时)
汉译英短文翻译 1 近年来，中国城市化进人加速阶段，取得了极大的成就，同时也出现了种种错综复杂的问题。今天的城乡建设速度之快、规模之大、耗资之巨、涉及面之广、尺度之大等已远非生产力低下时期所能及，建筑已成为一种重大的经济活动。（102字） 难点注释： 1）城市化urbanization 2）加速阶段an accelerating phase 3）错综复杂的问题some complicated problems 4）远非?一所能及surpass 5）重大的经济活动a major economic pursuit 2 世界各地有3,600万人染上了艾滋病—这比整个澳大利亚的人口还多。目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲则是头号罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人丧失工作，使家庭丧失经济来源，使父母丧失孩子。在7个非洲国家中，巧岁至49岁的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。（119字） 难点注释： 1）染上艾滋病suffer from AIDS 2）头号罪魁the chief culprit 3）使……丧失deprive of 4）艾滋病病毒感染者people infected with HIV 3 当今中国，对传真机的使用已十分普及，并成为现代重要的通讯终端设备。据一项调查显示，2002年，中国市场对传真机的需求量约为200万台，国内产量仅满足了约30%的需求，进口机占据市场的主导地位。（89字） 难点注释： 1）传真机fax machines 2）通讯终端设备telecommunications terminal equipment 3）占主导地位dominate 4 2000年，美国数码相机的销量达到惊人的510万台，而1999年只有310万台。数码相机的流行其原因非常简单：成像质量好且花费少。此外，使用数码相机还能省去不少麻烦。你不用买胶卷，所有的照片都被存在可反复使用的存储卡上。一按快门，就可以马上在液晶显示屏上观察照片的效果。（124字） 难点注释： 1）数码相机digital camera 2）可反复使用的存储卡reusable memo叮cards 3）按快门press the shutter 4）液晶显示屏the LCD screen 5 由于历史、政治和经济上的原因，全世界讲英语、用英语的人为数最多。但是英语之所以能在全球流行，除了上述原因之外，也和英语自身的一些特性和特点不无相关。其中最重要的一点就是英语特别容易接受和适应—英语中的词汇吸收了全世界几乎所有主要语言的
汉英语篇翻译练习答案： 1．Retirement Attitudes toward retirement vary from person to person. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed. Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap, they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provide. Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives. Tired out after all exhaus ting life revolving around work, they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved. As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion, they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream, such as writing, painting, growing flowers and traveling around. On the whole, female workers tend to have a more favorable attitude towards retirement than male workers. Withdrawal from employment to complete domesticity is a far less threatening experience for a woman than for a man. 2. Good-bye, My Ill-fated Motherland! The moment I set foot on the deck of the ship, there began my temporary separation from Chinese oil and a feeling of parting sorrow welled up in my heart. At sailing time, I stood on deck watching the ship receding slowly from the bank until I was out of sight of the towering waterfront buildings and the foreign warships on the Huangpu River. Thereupon I turned round with hot tears in my eyes, murmuri ng, “Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland!” Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! I own what I am to the upbringing you have given me during the past 22 years. I have spent every day of my life in your warm bosom and under your loving care. Y ou have given me joy and sorrow as well as food and clothing. This is where my close relatives were born and brought up and where I have friends here and there. Y ou gave me a wide variety of happiness in my early childhood, but you have also been the source of my sorrow ever since I began to understand things. Here I have witnessed all sorts of human tragedy. Here I have come to know the times we live in. Here I have undergone untold sufferings. I have been struggling, fighting and, time and again, found myself on the brink of destruction and covered all over with cuts and bruises. I have laid to rest, with tears and sighs, some of my close relatives—relatives victimized by old feudal ethnics. Here, besides beautiful mountains and rivers and fertile farmland, we have ghastly prisons and execution grounds as well. Here bad people hold sway while good people suffer and justice is trodden down underfoot. Here people have to wage a savage struggle in order to win freedom. Here man eats man. O the numerous terrible scenes! O the numerous sad memories! O the grand Y ellow River! O the mysterious Y angtze River! Where on earth are your glories of the past? O my native land! O my people! How can I have the heart to leave you! Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! Much as I hate you, I’ve got to love you as ever. （选自《英语世界》2004年第三期，张培基译）
一、翻译下列句子，注意选词： 1.人民现在为什么拥护我们？就是这十几年有发展。 2.由于全球气候变暖，海平面在一点点地上升。 3.改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。 4.我们的企业应着重提高国际竞争力。 5.中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。 6.湖区水位提高可能要危及竹子的生长。这意味着以竹子为食物的大熊猫也将 受到威胁。 参考译文： 1.Why do people support us? Because our economy has been developing. 2.The sea level is rising little by little in the consequence of global warming. 3.Reforms and the open policy have also emancipated the minds of the people. 4.We need to be enhancing international competitiveness. 5.China’s modernization is inseparable from her economic cooperation and trade ties with other nations. 6.Higher water levels in the lake area may endanger the growing of bamboos, which means giant pandas that feed on these plants will suffer, too. 二、物称与人称（翻译下列句子，注意运用物称表达法） 我想到希望，忽然害怕起来了。 他气得话也说不出来。 我一时想不起他的名字。 我疏忽了这个问题。 我兴奋得什么话都说不出来。 走过草地几步，我们就到了一个华丽的大酒店。 你只消仔细比较一下，就会发现不同。 一看到那棵大树，我便想起了童年的情景。 恕我孤陋寡闻，对此关系一无所知。 凭良心讲，你待我礼貌有加，我却受之有愧。 参考译文： The access of hope made me suddenly afraid. Anger choked his words. His name escaped me for the moment. This point slipped my attention. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance. A few steps across the lawn brought me to a large, splendid hotel.
汉译英练习翻译1：考查固定句式 1. 李平昨晚花了半小时做功课。 2. 那所新学校美丽得像个大花园。 3. 当球迷们看到贝克汉姆的时候，他们如此激动以至于大喊大叫。 4. 秋天的天气不冷也不热。 5. 你最好脱掉你的外套。 6. 她不仅会说英语，还会说汉语。 7. 我认为这所房子不够大。 8. 他跑得如此之快，以至于我都赶不上他。 9. 昨晚玛丽11点才睡觉。 10. 建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多时间。 11. 外面正在下大雨，你最好呆在家里。 12. 我想能尽快看到他。 13. 如果今晚他们外出散步，我也去。 14. 孩子们对科学越来越感兴趣了。 15. 他是一个好人，与每个人都相处得很好。 16. 她和我都不正确。 17. 我们觉得晚上出去是危险的。 18. 我认为在短时间内学好一门外语很难。 19. 趁公共汽车去那里需要我们20分钟。 20. 在强烈的光线下看书不好。 21. 每个人都保持健康是很重要的。 22.他说得太快了，别人听不懂。 23. 天气如此寒冷，以至于我们都呆在家里。 24. 你最好不要在早饭时间去看他。 翻译2：考查词形变换 1. 今天的报纸上有什么重要内容吗？ 2. 这座山没有你想象的那么危险。 3. 第九课在第九十页。 4. 街道的两边有好几家儿童鞋店。 5. 最近的医院离此地也有大约十公里远。 6. 你的书和我的不一样。 7. 随着科学的发展，计算机将得到更广泛的应用。 8. 这是一场如此重要的球赛，我们不能不观看。 翻译3：考查时态与语态 1. 这位外国朋友来中国已经半年了。 2. 我到火车站时，火车开走了。 3. 你曾到过西山农场吗？ 4. 老师要求我们保持教室的清洁和安静。
1. 她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。(much less) 2. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。(whereas) 3. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？(account for) 4. 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。(due to) 5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) 5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) 6. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。(pour into) Unit2 1. 尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。(despite) 2. 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。(nor) 3. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但决不是什么大作家。(next to; by no means) 4. 他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。(be indifferent to) 5. 经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。(count on) 6. 这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。(in the presence of sb.) Unit3 1. 你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。(never too... to...) 2. 还存在一个问题，那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作。(Use an appositional structure) 3. 由于文化的不同，他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。(meet with) 4. 虽然他历经沉浮，但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。(ups and downs; all along) 5. 我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。(have reservations about) 6. 她长得并不特别高，但是她身材瘦，给人一种个子高的错觉。(give an illusion of) Unit4 1. 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？(Use "it" as the formal subject) 2. 不管黑猫白猫，能抓住老鼠就是好猫。(as long as) 3. 你必须明天上午十点之前把那笔钱还给我。(without fail) 4. 请允许我参加这个项目，我对这个项目非常感兴趣。(more than + adjective) 5. 人人都知道他比较特殊：他来去随意。(be free to do sth.) 6. 看她脸上不悦的神色，我觉得她似乎有什么话想跟我说。(feel as though) Unit5 1. 他说话很自信，给我留下了很深的印象。(Use "which" to refer back to an idea or situation) 2. 我父亲太爱忘事，总是在找钥匙。(Use "so... that..." to emphasize the degree of something) 3. 我十分感激你给我的帮助。(be grateful for) 4. 光线不足，加上地面潮湿，使得驾驶十分困难。(coupled with) 5. 由于缺乏资金，他们不得不取消了创业计划。(starve of) 6. 每当有了麻烦，他们总是依靠我们。(lean on) Unit6 1. 就像机器需要经常运转一样，身体也需要经常锻炼。(as... so...) 2. 在美国学习时，他学会了弹钢琴。(while + V-ing) 3. 令我们失望的是，他拒绝了我们的邀请。(turn down) 4. 真实情况是，不管是好是坏，随着新科技的进步，世界发生了变化。(for better or worse) 5. 我班里的大多数女生在被要求回答问题时都似乎感到不自在。(ill at ease) 6. 当地政府负责运动会的安全。(take charge of)Unit7
1. 她生气了吗？ 2. 你在和谁说话？ 3. 今天早上他离开了这里。 4. 今年暑假你打算做什么？ 5. 为什么我们不听听音乐呢？ 6. 树上的鸟儿在歌唱。 7. 当我回来时，我会给你打电话。 8. 我要为他举行一次大聚会。 9. 你的寒假怎么样？ 10. 你在北京多久了？
11. 去年暑假我去了那儿。 12. 对我来说说好英语很难。 13. 昨天下午你为什么不在家？ 14. 这里经常下雨，因此我很少出门。 15. 昨天下午我看到他和他的朋友在树林里玩。 16. 商店里有很多新玩具。 17. 他去哪儿了？ 18. 树上的苹果又大又红。 19. 昨天的英语课怎么样？ 20. 你读完这本书了吗？
21. 这些天你在做什么？ 22. 今天早饭你吃了什么？ 23. 如果我步行去那儿，我会迟到。 24. 第一次到达这个小岛时，我什么都没有。 25. 我有太多的作业，因此我没有时间做我喜欢的事情。 26. 商丘是一个拥有悠久历史的城市。 27. 我不知道该怎么办。 28. 自从我生病，他就对我精心照顾。 29. 你的生日是什么时候？ 30. 广场上有很多人在跳舞。
31. 这个人我认识。 32. 这个周日有一场关于如何学好英语的报告。 33. 这恰恰是我所需要的。 34. 许多孩子擅长打电脑游戏而对学习不感兴趣。 35. 这是一个例子。 36. 老师让我们尽可能认真地写作业。 37. 做听力练习是学好英语的秘诀之一。 38. 如果你不能清楚地看到黑板上的每一个单词，你可以坐到前面。 39. 你喜欢在业余时间里做什么？ 40. 对他来说做出一个决定很难。
1.Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that. 健康比财富更重要，因为财富不能像健康那样给人以幸福。 2.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. For hundreds of years tiny coral creatures have worked and died to make thousands of ring-shaped islands called atolls （环礁）. 在那里，由于地心引力的剧烈干扰，一道道山脉，一座座火山升出水面。千百年来，微小的珊瑚虫在这里繁衍、死亡，形成了数不胜数的被称为环礁的环状岛屿。 3.Old lines and methods of communication do not work easily or efficiently with as much information as we now have. 由于我们今天的信息太多，那些旧的通讯线路和方法已不能灵便有效地处理他们了。 4. Scarcely can any law be made which is beneficial to all; but if it benefits the majority, it is useful. 法律难顾及所有人，于大多数人有利足矣。 5.The water spread out for miles in places in Kenya and Somalia, cutting off villages and forcing herders to crowd with their livestock onto a few patches of dry land. 在肯尼亚和索马里的某些地方，河水漫出河床，宽达数英里。洪水切断了村与村之间的联系，迫使牧民们和家畜挤在一起，困缩在一块块狭小的陆地上动弹不得。 6. The snow falls on every wood and field, and no crevice is forgotten; by the river and pond, on the hill and in the valley. 雪，在四处飘落着。雪花撒在树上，撒在田野里，撒在河边、湖畔、山上、谷底——没有一条岩缝墙隙里不飘满雪花。 7. When his door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.
1 红包 红包，又叫“压岁钱”，是用红色信封或纸包着钱的红纸包儿。红包，通常是用于中国农历新年或喜庆时馈赠的礼金。派:“红包”,是中国人过年的一种重要习俗。中国人喜爱红色，因为红色象征吉祥与好运，所以, 红包总是用红色的信封或纸来包。派红包或给压岁钱，是长辈们给未成年的晚辈。据说，压岁钱可以袪邪压祟，因为“岁”与“祟”谐音，晚辈得到压岁钱，就可以平平安安地度过一生。 Hong-Bao or Red Packet is also known as "a packet of lucky money", or simply "lucky money". Hong-Bao usually refers to a gift of money offered during the Chinese Lunar New Year and other celebrations/Giving or offering a Hong-Bao has been a traditional custom during the Chinese lunar New Year. Chinese people love the colour red as it is seen to represent good luck. A Hong-Bao is therefore usually made of red paper. Hong-Baos are normally given by seniors to the younger generation. It is said that lucky money helps drive away evil, because year and evil spirit sound alike. This means youngsters can protect themselves through the year. 2 北京 北京是有着三千多年建城史和八百五十多年建都史的历史文化名城。它荟萃伪(blend)由了元、明、清以来的中华文化，拥有众多名胜古迹和人文景观，是世界上拥有世界文化遗产(heritage sites)最多的城市。北京每年有超过一亿四千万的国内和国外旅客。北京城市面积为1.64万平方公里，常住人口约2000万。Beijing has a history of over three thousand years as a city, and over eight hundred and fifty years as a capital. It is a famous place that not only blends cultures of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, but also boasts many historical, cultural and beautiful scenic places. In fact, Beijing now has more cultural heritage sites than any other city in the world. Each year, Beijing receives over 140 million visitors from China and abroad. Beijing covers some 16.4 thousand square kilometers and has a population of about 20 million. 3中国农历 相传在4000多年俞的夏朝，即中国历史上第一个奴隶制王朝就幵始有了历法(calendar)，后人把当时中国古老的传统历法叫“夏历”。夏历是按月亮的运赶周期(rotating cycle)制定的，故又称作“阴历”。由于夏历中有一年四季节气的变化和农事安排，所以后世又习惯称之为“农历”，字面上的意思是农事月相日历(moon calendar),也就是今天所说的“中国阴历”。 A ccording to legend, China's first slave dynasty in history — the Xia Dynasty dating back over 4000 years ago developed the first calendar. The ancient traditional Chinese calendar was later known as the "Xia Calendar". Since it was based on the rotating cycle of the moon, it is also known as the "Lunar Calendar". As the Xia revolves around farming arrangements based on the seasons, it is commonly called "Nong Li", literally the farming moon calendar, also known as the China Lunar Calendar. 4中国传统婚俗