一词多义的常用单词 Accept 释义：accept在普通英语中的含义是接受，这一点无须赘述。在法律英语accept 也有两个最常用的意思： ①承诺，是合同法中的概念，与邀约offer相对应，如 A contract may be formed if an offer is accepted within the specified time and in the required manner。 如果在规定的时间并以特定的方式对一项邀约作出承诺，合同即可成立。 其他如revoke an acceptance（撤回承诺）等。 ②Accept承兑，经常出现在票据法中，如 The draft is accepted by the negotiating bank。 议付行对汇票进行了承兑。 Action 释义：action是法律英语中最常用的单词之一，它有两个意思： ①“诉讼”，相当于lawsuit，如 Party A shall defend Party B in any action resulting from the infringement of the licensed intellectual property。 就与授权使用的知识产权相关的诉讼，甲方应当为乙方进行抗辩 其他的如file an action（提起诉讼），cause of action（诉因）等。 ②“作为”，与不作为（forbearance）对应，如 Any negligent conduct of Party A, whether it is action or forbearance, that resulted in loss of party B shall be deemed to be breach of this Contract。 甲方的任何疏忽行为，无论是作为还是不作为，只要引起乙方损失，即可是为甲方对本合同的违约。 Advise 释义：advise在法律英语中有两个常用意思： ①律师等法律工作者提供法律建议，如 The partner of the law firm advised the Manager on various specialist legal issues。 该律师事务所的合伙人就各种专业法律问题向经理提出了法律建议。 ②通知，相当于notify或inform，如 The use of advise in the sense of “inform, notify,” was restricted to business correspondence and legal contexts. Thus one may say the suspects were advised of their rights, but it would be considered pretentious to say you’d better advise your friends that the date of the picnic has been changed。
1. Address演讲、讲话 Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. 解决、处理 This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from poor homes might have in completing their homework. 2. Air 公开表达观点或者不平装腔作势，摆架子 Some long-standing grievances were aired. an unpretentious musician with no air 3. Average平均为普通的 if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial and forever happy. 4. Dynamic互动的 we can’t yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world. 5. Edge 有优势的 Competitive edge cutting-edge technology. 6. Exercise行使 You can exercise the right to remain silent. Anything you say will be used against you in the court of law. 7. feed If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced. 8. Pronounced明显的
一词多义归纳（三） 1.work作品 2.yield:屈从于或者妥协 3.plague:烦扰，肆虐 4.plain:十足，彻底，浅显易懂,平凡。 5.plant:（重工业）工厂，电站；造纸厂 paper plant；power plant 发电厂 6.Play：戏剧 7.plug away at something:埋头。 8.plunge:急速下降，下跌。 9.point:目的，意义。 10.poke fun at someone:拿… 寻开心。 11.policy:原则。 12.p olish:雕琢，完善。 13.pop:pop up含义为“突然出现”。 14.pose:造成，形成，通常表达消极的含义 15.post:“岗位，职位”。v.邮寄，寄送；刊登，发布在 poster海报 16.power:电力，动力。 Power failure 断电； 17.practice:惯例，（长期一贯的）做法。 18.practise:长期，大范围地开展。 19.prescribe:规定，命令。 20.press:“出版社，新闻界”。 The Press Conference 记者招待会 21.present:出席的，在场的 be present at the conference. 22.preserve:n. 权利，所专有的东西 special preserves 特殊的权利 25.program:“教学或其他重要的活动和项目”。 26.project:作为名词的含义是“ 大型建设项目”，与program “大型活动性项目”正好相对。 27.promise:动词是“有前途，有指望”，因此“ promising ”是形容词，“有前途的”含义。 28.prompt:“敦促，鼓励”。 29.propose:动词是“提议”，比如“ propose a toast ”是“提议大家干一杯”。 30.provided that:连词，“只要”。 31.province n. 领域，范围 34.panel n. 面，板；控制板，仪表盘；专门小组 Judge panel 裁判团。 35.proceeding n. [pl.] 会议录，学报 36.pattern：样式v. 模仿，仿制 37.particular：特别的引申：讲究的，挑剔的 be particular about：对…讲究 38.pool：水池v. 集资合资 40.provision：供应，提供条款或规定according to the provision’s contract：根据合同的条款 42.property：财产; 性质，性能 Many plants have medical properties. 很多植物有药性/医疗性能。 43.quarrel:吵架，争吵，中文可以翻译成“争论”。 46.rate:“速度，比率”。at any rate:“无论如何”。
《曹刿论战》 一、古今异义 1．齐师<伐>我2．又何<间>焉3．肉食者<鄙>，未能远谋4．衣食所<安> 5．弗敢<专>也6．<牺牲>玉帛7．弗敢<加>也8．必以<信> 9．小大之<狱> 10.必以<情> 11.<忠>之属也12.忠之<属>也13.<可以>一战 14.神弗<福>也 15.< 再>而衰 二、一词多义 1.公问其故．：故．逐之： 2.民弗从．：战则请从．： 3.其．乡人曰：吾视其．辙乱： 4.何以．战；必以．信； 5.曹刿请．见；战则请．从； 6.小大之．狱；公与之．乘； 7.衣食所安．；安．求其能千里也； 8.既加．冠，益慕圣贤之道；牺牲玉帛，弗敢加．也； 9. 又间．（jiàn）令吴广；颓然乎其间．（jīan）者；肉食者谋之，又何间．（jiàn）焉； 安得广厦千万间．；扁鹊见蔡桓公，立有间．； 中间．力拉崩倒之声；虽与外人间．隔； 奉命于危难之间．；时时而间．进； 三、通假字小惠未徧 四、词类活用
1.神弗福也： 2.公将鼓之： 3.忠之属也： 4.公与之乘： 5.下视其辙： 6.齐师败绩： 鱼我所欲也 一、一词多义 1．而呼尔而与之。由是则生而有不用也。2．于所欲有甚于生者万钟于我何加焉 3．是非独贤者有是心也是亦不可以已乎。 4.得二者不可得兼所识穷乏者得我与 故不为苟得也 5．为乡为身死而不受今为宫室之美为之则凡可以辟患者何不为也 6.之如使人之所欲莫甚于生 人皆有之 得之则生 呼尔而与之代词 万钟则不辩礼义而受之代词 今为所识穷乏者得我而为之代词 此之谓失其本心结构助词 7.生舍生而取义者也 由是则生而有不用也 8.与所识穷乏者得我与 呼尔而与之
一词多义现象的认知分析 张素侠徐州师范大学科文学院摘要：一词多义是一种普遍现象,指一个词语有多种不同却具有互相联系的意义。多义不仅是一种语言现象,也是一种认知现象。本文运用原型范畴理论对多义现象的生成进行分析, 认为词的 多义性表现出不同程度的家族相似性，词的多义性是在认知的基础上主要通过 隐喻和转喻生成的。关键词：一词多义转喻隐喻原型范畴 1 引言几乎在所有语言中,一词多义都是一种普遍现象。人们很早就注意到语言的 多义现象并进行专门的研究，它是语言经济性原则和认知经济性原则的客观要求。认知语言学认为，多义不仅是一种语言现象，也是一种认知现象, 由一个 词的中心意义或基本意义向其他意义延伸的过程,是人类认知范畴和概念化的结果〔1〕(赵艳芳2000:36)。一个多义词的各种意义构成一个意义范畴,它们以 各种方式发生联系。本文试从认知语言学的角度出发，探讨一词多义的语义延 伸机制。 2 词汇延伸意义的认知性词汇的延伸义指的是从原义派生和演 化出来的词义。语言在其产生之初都是单义的,一个词只对应一个意义。后来随着社会的发展,人们的交际范围不断扩展,交际能力不断增强,语言符号也要适应日益发展的交际的需要,于是一个语言符号就具有了两个或两个以上的意义。多义现象的产生是人的认知能力发展的结果,同时也是为了适应语言经济性原则的需要。客观世界的事物是纷繁复杂的,而人的大脑的认识和储存能力却是有限的,这就要求语言要以最少量的符号传递最大量的信息。在认识新事物的过程中,人们发现新事物与已知事物之间存在客观上的相关性或相似性,或是在理解新事物时加入了主观上的相似性。人们的这一认知思维过程不可避免地要体现在作为 思维工具和外在表现形式的语言上,具体表现为运用已知的词汇去命名新事物、表达新观念或描述新经验。于是,词汇的意义就在本义的基础上得到了拓展和延伸,概念被不断扩充与抽象化,赋予旧词以新义,继而产生了一词多义。由于词汇意义的拓展是在认知的基础上产生的,词汇的延伸义就不再具有任意性特征,而 是遵循一定的认知规律,具有了认知性。 3 一词多义现象的认知解释 3.1 原型范畴理论与一词多义认知语言学是认知科学与语言学结合而成的一门新的边缘学科,它以全新的视角和观念对语言中的许多现象作出了新的、有说服力的解释。认知语言学研究表明,多义现象是通过人类认知手段由一个词的中心意义或基本意义向其他意义延伸的过程,是人类认知范畴化和概念化的结果。原型范畴理论认为,一个范畴由一些极其类似的成员构成; 原型是同一个概念范畴中能反映本范畴特征的最好、最典型的成员,而其他成员具有不同程度的典型性:隶 属于同一范畴的各成员之间并不存在共同特征,具有互相重叠的属性组合,即所 有成员享有部分共同属性,形成家族相似性;范畴的边界是模糊的,范畴内成员之间的地位不是平等的,具有中心成员和边缘成员之分,与其他成员享有更多共性 的成员为该范畴的典型和中心成员,即原型(prototype),其他成员为非典型成员或边缘成员。[2]Taylor(1995)也指出大多数的语言范畴呈现出的不是单一中心的结构,而是多中心的结构。它们通常表现出多个类典型,这些类典型通过家族 相似性互相连接.下面我们用范畴理论来分析一词多义。再来看看名词“window”的意义是怎样拓展的: (1) The workman delivered the window . (2) Close the window . (3) She put her head through the window. (4) I painted the window while she was standing in it. 在这四个句子中,window都是以不同的意义出现的,在句(5)中,它指的是作为房
高考英语阅读理解中的一词多义(熟词新义) 一词多义(熟词新义)是语言的普遍现象。在英语中，除了术语以外，单义词是很少的；多数的词都是多义词，而且在名词、动词、形容词、副词中，往往词的使用频率越高，词义就越多，它的生命力就越强。一词多义(熟词新义)给我们学习英语带来很多困难,尤其是在阅读理解中，对准确理解句义形成了很大的障碍。所以，在平常学习英语的过程中，关注这一现象，并尽可能多地掌握理解词汇的诸多意义，显得格外重要。其实，著名的语言学家Chomsky早就说过:Every word is a new word. 他的意思就是说，我们只能在具体的语言环境中（通过上下文）才能准确理解一个词的含义。 请阅读以下例句，看看句中打横线的词在这里怎样准确理解（这些词义均属于高考范围）。 1 The learned professor is writing a report on bird flu. 2 He really let me down, because he was late for a third time that week. 3 A new act was passed by the government, which took effect a week later. 4 They presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son. 5 If you like, I will keep you company today. 6 “The interest shall be divided into five shares according to the agreement,” he said. 7 Immediately after his wound was dressed, he went to work. 8 Sorry, I never drink spirits. 9. Today is my treat. 10. It is certain that a new drug will be found to treat AIDS in the future. 11 She covered the opening ceremony of Shenzhen Hi-Tech Fair for CCTV. 12 He worked out exactly what his income will have to be during the first six months to cover his costs. 13 I had studied in Beijing Normal University before I taught at this school. 14 The car must go. We can’t afford it any more. 15 During the National Day golden week I went on a package tour. 16 Hi, Tony! Where are you heading now? 17 He was just a nobody before he met her. 18 Kohl happened to notice her while she was struggling in the water. 19 The film was shot in black and white. 20 Do you carry a spare wheel in your car? 21 My father used to make a living by running a small business. 22 She delivered a short speech at the meeting. 23 Have you booked the air ticket for Beijing? 24 Those children were born into well-off families. 25 Don’t address me as Mr. Fox. 26 The director wants to star Jim in his new film. 27 She doesn’t seem to be equal to meeting our demands. 28 The articles found in the car helped the police identify the body. 29 She is very gifted. She is really quick at learning languages. 30 He was sentenced to three years in prison. 31 In this sentence, the word BIG is in capitals. 32 Don’t wake up the baby. He is sound asleep. 33. She died at an advanced age. 34. Please give me a ring first next time you come to Beijing. 35 The Chinese team bagged more than 100 medals at this Asian games. 36 We arrived at the city by coach. 37 Bus No. 111 is air conditioned. 38 He was very rude to the Customs officer. 39 Develop the film quickly, please. 40 Miss Wang handed out the graded papers. 41. A cheer rose from the stands. 42. Don’t invent any excuse. I know why you are so sleepy.
2018考研英语词汇：最常用的53个“一词多义”汇总 考研英语的一大特色，就是一词多义，在做真题的过程中，时常会碰到单词都认识，就是不知道意思的情况，下面为大家整理了考研英语中最常用的一词多义，快来围观~ 1. Address演讲、讲话 Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. 解决、处理 This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from poor homes might have in completing their homework. 2. Air 公开表达观点或者不平装腔作势，摆架子 Some long-standing grievances were aired. an unpretentious musician with no air 3. Average平均为普通的 if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial and forever happy. 4. Dynamic互动的 we can’t yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’to reliably interact with a dynamic world. 5. Edge 有优势的 Competitive edge cutting-edge technology. 6. Exercise行使 You can exercise the right to remain silent. Anything you say will be used against you in the court of law. 7. feed If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced. 8. Pronounced明显的 9. Rate评估 the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated 10.V alue评估 11.Fit Immigrantsare quickly fitting this common culture https://www.doczj.com/doc/a29068546.html,te At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for thelate Steve Ross in 1992. 13.Game 猎物行业诡计花招有冒险精神的
2010英语中考词汇表常用一词多义词 A 1. abou t (prep) 关于Why not talk about the Chinese culture for tomorrow’s lecture? (ad) 到处，四处Watch out! Bears about! 大约Let’s meet at about 4 o’clock at the school gate. 2. absent (a)缺席的--Who is absent today？--Daming. He had an accident on the school trip. absent-minded健忘的My grandpa became absent-minded with age. 心不在焉的He was so absent-minded in class that the teacher became angry with him. 3. after (prep)在…后面My best friend Peter sits after me . (conj)在…以后I will tell her the news after she comes back. 4. against (prep)倚在……上The piano is against the wall. 对We played against a team from the No.2 Middle School and won the game. 反对Don’t do anything against the law. 5. around大约See you around 7:30. 向各处I like to travel around the world someday. 环绕The earth moves around the sun. 6.as（ad）像…一样,如同He is as tall as his father. as (conj)由于，因为As you weren’t there, I left a message. 在……期间,当……的时候Then she drove me over to Bobbie Decker’s house, explaining as we went that I was now one of Santa’s helpers.(朝阳期末完形) as(prep)作为，当作He had a job as a teacher three years ago, but now he worked in a company. B 1. bear (n)熊He ran away as quickly as possible when he saw the bear in the forest. bear (v)忍受He can’t bear to be laughed at. 2. bill(n)账单；--Have you paid the bill? 钞票，纸币--Yes, I paid the bill with a ten-dollar bill. 3. book (n) 书，本子There are a lot of books in the library.
一、引言 一词多义是一种普遍而重要的语言现象，更是英语词汇的一大特色。英语中纯粹的单义词很少，绝大多数词都是多义词，即一个词项有两个或两个以上的意义（李福印，2006）。那么多义词产生的途径有哪些呢？一词多义现象中，词义拓展的方式有两种：辐射（radiation）与连锁（concatenation）；从认知语言学角度来说，隐喻与转喻是多义词词义延伸和拓展的途径。对以上问题的研究，不仅会加深我们对多义词的理解，而且它对英语学习者在学习英语词汇时会产生一些重要的启示。 （一）多义词产生的原因。一词多义（polysemy）即一个词具有多种意义，而且意义之间密切相关，如英语中mouth of a river 与mouth of an animal。前者是后者意义的隐喻性延伸，两个意义之间有密切的关系，因此month 属于多义词的范畴。多义词现象是语言经济性和灵活性的一种体现。它是语言的一种优点，而非缺点。这是因为，语言词语在获得新的意义的同时，并不一定要以失去其原有的意义作为代价。在不增加词汇数量的情况下，可表达的意义范围扩大了，这是语言经济性和创造力的表现（束定芳，2000）。产生多义词的原因有多种。不同学者对此有许多不同的论述。本文作者归纳并认真分析后，认为在词义变化过程中产生一词多义最主要的原因有以下几点： 1.使用范围的转移（shift in application）。这是产生一词多义最主要的原因。如handsome 原来一般只用于形容男性的相貌，义为“英俊的，帅的”。如果用来形容女性，如a handsome woman，其意义就变成了“健美而端庄的，标致的”。如果用于修饰金钱，如a handsome sum of money，意义则是“可观的，相当多的”。一些词在不同场合下使用时意义也各不相同，以形容词sharp 和blunt 为例（段满福，2004）。sharp（刀具）尖利的→（言语）苛刻的→（行动）直截了当的→（感觉）剧烈的→（智力）敏捷的；blunt（刀具）钝的→（言语）直率的→（行动）笨拙的→（感觉）迟钝的→（智力）愚笨的。由此可见，一个词由于使用范围的转移，可用于不同的语义场，具有不同的意义。 2.不同社会领域中词具有特殊专业意义（specialization in asocial milieu）。属于社会原因。如律师们所说的action 往往是legal action（法律诉讼），而士兵们所说的action 可能就是military action（军事行动）了；又如生意人谈论company 一词时多指公司，而船长说company 时意义多为全体船员。 3.由于修辞用法而产生多义。因篇幅所限，我们只选择最主要的两种修辞方法，即隐喻（metaphor）和转喻（metonymy）来讨论。在多义词形成的途径问题中，我们还会从认知角度来具体分析这一点。在暗喻修辞里，本体和喻体之间存在相似之处，所以在eye of a needle（针眼），teeth of a tomb（梳齿），neck of a bottle（瓶颈），bridge of a pair of glasses （眼镜架），lip of a cup（杯口）中，eye，teeth，neck，bridge 和lip 都是比喻用法，它们和本体之间外形相似。从而这些词具有了多种意义。再来看转喻。转喻也称为借代，就是用一个密切相关的事物来指另一个事物，例如：She sets a good table，其中table 在此处的意思是supply of food，用“桌子”来指代“食物”。在He is nice，but he h asn’t got much brain （他人很好，却不太聪明）中，用“头脑”来指代“智力”。 4.外来词的影响（foreign influence）。如汉语中的“的”由于英语中的taxi 音译的影响，其“出租车”的义项似乎也得到了确定。 （二）多义词各意义的形成途径
1. After taking a shot with his bow, the archer took a bow. bow: ① n. 弓② n. 鞠躬奇速英语 2. I had to console my mom after I sold her console. console: ① v. 安慰，抚慰② n. 落地柜；靠墙摆放的小桌子 3. No one could believe how much produce our garden could produce. produce: ① n. 产品，农产品② v. 生产，出产 4. There's no dessert in the desert for those who desert. dessert: n. 甜点 desert: ① n. 沙漠② v. 擅离（职守），逃跑 5. The family was hoping their live plants would live. live: ① a. 活的，有生命的② v. 活着 6. There's simply no use for something you can't use. use: ① n. 用处② v. 使用 7. They were going to project the project at the local theater. project: ① v. 放映② n. 方案；科研项目 8. It's not easy to resume work without a resume. resume: ① v. 重新开始② n. 简历 9. The band booked the studio to record their record. record: ① v. 录制② n. 唱片 10. The salesman was standing so close it was impossible to close the door. close: ① adv. 靠近地② v. 关 11. The rebel seized the opportunity to rebel. rebel: ① n. 造反者② v. 造反，反抗 12. The artist worked for hours to perfect the nearly perfect work. perfect: ① v. 使完美② a. 完美的 13. The sport agent's resigning affected the star's resigning. resigning: ① n. 辞职② n. 委托奇速英语 14. The incense incensed the customers. inc ense: ① n. 香，焚香时的烟② v. 激怒，使愤怒 下面来让大家混乱一下，看看例句中的这些词汇现象的专业术语叫什么：Homophone 同音异义词 Homograph 同形异义词
2013年考研系列——考研英语阅读常见一词多义
2013年考研系列——考研英语阅读常见一词多义act, appeal, assume, claim, discipline, fair, figure, feature, issue, note 1) Act n. ①法案, 法令②动作, 举动③节目, (戏剧的) 幕 v. ①行动, 产生...的效果②担当③表演, 表现, 见效 (07-01) this success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. （名）行为 这一成功，连同后来证明的记忆本身不是遗传决定的研究，使得埃里克森得出结论，即记忆过程是一种认知练习，而不是一种本能练习。 (07-04) Regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.（动）行动 如果公司没有提供适当的信息安全保护措施，那么监管人员就会采取行动。 (06-01) this turned shopping into a public and democratic act. （名）行为 这使得购物成为一种大众的、民主的行为 (96-02) The commercial TV channels — ITV and Channel 4 — were required by the Thatcher Government's Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. （名）法案 商业电视频道——ITV和第四频道——应撒切尔政府广播法案的要求进行商业化，彼此竞争广告业务，降低成本，裁减员工。 2) Appeal n. ①请求, 呼吁②上诉③吸引力(appealing: 有吸引力的) v. ①求助, 诉求②控诉 (03-03) Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface
A 1. about (prep) 关于Why not talk about the Chinese culture for tomorrow 's lecture? (ad) 到处，四处Watch out! Bears about! 大约Let 's meet at about 4 o 'clock at the school gate. 3. after (prep)在… 后面My best friend Peter sits after me . (conj)在… 以后I will tell her the news after she comes back. 4. against (prep)倚在 .. 上The piano is against the wall. 对We played against a team from the No.2 Middle School and won the game. 反对Don'tdo anything against the law. 5. around 大约See you around 7:30. 向各处I like to travel around the world someday. 环绕The earth moves around the sun. 6. as (ad)像…一样，如同He is as tall as his father. as (conj)由于，因为As you weren 'there, I left a message. 在…… 期间，当…… 的时候he was seven as i was ten. as(prep)作为，当作He had a job as a teacher three years ago, but now he worked in a company. B 1. bear (n) 熊He ran away as quickly as possible when he saw the bear in the forest. bear (v)忍受He can'tbear to be laughed at. 2. bill(n) 账单；--Have you paid the bill? 钞票，纸币--Yes, I paid the bill with a ten-dollar bill. 3. book (n) 书，本子There are a lot of books in the library. book (v) 预订You'd better book tickets if you want to watch the movie. 4. break (n) 休息It'stime to take a break. break(v) 打破It'sreally bad to break the valuable china vase. 终止She broke the silence by coughing. 已坏I don 'tthink my watch is broken. 6. brush (n)刷子,画笔，毛笔It's good for us to change our tooth-brush regularly. (v)刷You'd better brush your teeth after meals. 7. burn (v) 着火The house was burned to the ground.(ie completely destroyed by fire) 使晒黑His face was badly burnt by the hot sun. ( 他的脸被烈日晒伤了) Her skin burns easily. (她的皮肤不禁晒) (n) 烧伤，晒伤 8. but (conj)但是It' not cheap, but it's good. (prep)除了I want nobody but you to finish the work. 9. by (prep) 靠近，在.... 旁We had a picnic by the lake. 通过He entered the room by the back door. 经过(某人、某物) He walked by me without speaking. 不迟于Can you finish the work by five o ' clock? 由The play is written by Shakespeare. 乘(车) Let'stravel to Shanghai by car. 通过… ..的方式 He earns his living by writing. C 1. can 能够，可以He can speak English very well. (n) 金属或塑料的容器；罐头a Coke can 2. cap (n) 帽子British schoolboys sometimes wear caps. (钢笔、瓶子等的)帽、盖 3. capital(n) 首都Beijing is the capital of China. 大写字母The world BIG is in capitals. 资本He set up a business with a starting capital of ＄100,000. 4. care (n) 照料She watered the flower with great care. 小心Care is needed when crossing the road. (v) 介意，在乎He failed the exam but he didn 'tseem to care at all. 关心His parents really cares about him. 5. carry (v) 携带，搬运；She carried her baby in her arms. 持有，带有；I never carry much money with me. 6. catch (v) 接住I threw a ball to her and she caught it. 捉住We tried our best to catch the thief. 赶上He got up too late to catch the early bus. 染上(疾病)④--What' wrong with you?—Oh, I catch a cold. 听见(某事物)，理解Sorry，I didn 'tcatch what you said. 7. change (n) 零钱，找头I have no small change. 改变Are you for or against change? ( 你是赞同还是反对改动？) (v) 改变It is not easy to make him change his mind. 8. class (n)班级I am happy I study in Class Six. 等级This is a second-class compartment. 课I have a math class at 9o'clock. 9. close (v) 关闭Don'tforget to close the door when you leave the room. (a) 亲密的I have a close friend called Joy. 接近The church is close to the school. (ad) 接近，靠近They quite close. close by 离(某人或某 事物)不远 10. cold (a) 寒冷的It's so cold in winter in Beijing. 冷却的I' d like a cold drink. 不友好的The cold look on her face made me sad. (n) 寒冷Don'tstand outside in the cold. 伤风，感冒He didn 'tcome to school because he had a bad cold. 11. cover (v) 覆盖The ground is covered with snow. (n) 盖子；罩；封面 12. cross (v) 横穿Don 'tcross the road when the traffic light is red. 交叉He crossed his leg and sat down. (n) 十字架; 十字形或叉形记号Mark the place with a cross on the map. (a) 生气I was cross with him for being late. D 1. date(n) 日期What's the date today? 约会Tonight I have a date with Mike. up to date 时新的，现代的out of date 过时的 2. draw (v) 绘画He can draw a horse in ten seconds. 向某方向移动Christmas is drawing near.(圣诞节日渐临近) 拉，拖I drew my chair up to the table. 获取(知识经验等) At the end of the class I drew a conclusion. (得出结论) 提取(金钱) I drew 50 pounds in the bank last Sunday. 3. dress (v)穿衣Hurry up and get dressed! Is she old enough to dress herself ? (n)连衣裙 4. drive (v) 驾驶He can drive very well and he drives to work every day. 使或逼(某人)处于某种状态或做某事He almost drives me crazy. (n) 乘汽车等之行He took her out for a drive. 5. drop (v)使(某物)意外地落下The bottle dropped and broke. 放弃I found it difficult to learn physics so I decided to drop it. (n)(液体的)珠，滴；rain-drops E 1. earth (n)地球；泥土 on earth 究竟 2. easy(a) 容易的The exam yesterday was really easy. 舒适的，安心的Now I am leading an easy life. Take it easy 别着急 3. excuse(v) 原谅Excuse me. Could you tell me how to get to the airport? (n)借口，辩解There is no excuse for his mistake. 4. express (v) 表达；It is hard for him to express himself in English. 用快邮寄出(信、邮包等) (n)快车The 8:00 am express to Beijing is always crowed. 快邮，速递He sent the book to me by express. F 1. face(n) 脸face to face (v) 面对He faced the difficulties bravely. 2. fan (n) 迷The famous singer has millions of fans. 扇子Most old people prefer fans to air conditioners. 3. fat (a) 肥胖的If you eat too much chocolate, you will get fat. (n) 脂肪This ham has too much fat on it.