★解题思路
①解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能（如状语、定语或宾补）；
②找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动）；
③搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；
④将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺，或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。★分词、不定式作宾补用法要点
一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语
．．．．．的区别
1．感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to 的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。如：
I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
2．leave 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave 保留了原来之义“留下”，但表达的确切之义应是“使……处于某种状态”。
①leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事（宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。）
②leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多）
③leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
④leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做（不定式表示将来的动作。）
如：It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.
你让机器一直开着是不对的。（主动，正在进行）
The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.
客人们没有动大部分菜，因为它们尝起来不可口。（被动，完成）
He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.
他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主动，将来）
We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.
我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。（被动，将来）
3．have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have, get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。
①have sth. done = get sth. done “使/让某事由别人去做”（叫/让某人做某事）。如
I’ll have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.
此外，have sth. done 还表示“使遭受……”之意。如
Tom had his leg broken while playing football.
Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.
② have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事（现在分词表示主动，正在进行）
get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来
如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.
农忙时，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。
如：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.
I can’t get him to stop smoking. He won’t listen to me.
二、下列动词后跟带to的不定式作补语
．．：
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, 等。如：
①An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered to issue clear warning before firing any shots.
② The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.
③ The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
三、不定式、现在分词作宾补
．．小窍门
下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to：
它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（fell）。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上动词除let, make 外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find, catch, keep, have 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。
如：At that time, I found him crying in the street.
He was caught stealing. I’m sorry to have kept y ou waiting for such a long time.
The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.
非谓语作补语 一．带to的不定式（to do ）作宾补的动词 常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补 1. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京卷) A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 2. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise. (北京卷) A. don’t mak e B. not make C. not making D. not to make 3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________. (全国卷) A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do 4. The patient was warned ________ oily food after the operation. (全国卷) A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 二. 在使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带to 在使役动词make, let, have后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。 1. Though he had often made his little sister ________, today he was made ________ by his little sister. A. cry, to cry B. crying, crying C. cry, cry D. to cry, cry 2. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________. He always works hard. (全国卷) A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 三．在感官动词后作宾补的非谓语动词形式 感官动词feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice，observe 等后面的宾语与作宾补的非谓语动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不带to的(在被动式后作主补时要加to)不定式(全过程)或者现在分词作宾补(正在发生)，是被动关系是时，用过去分词作宾补 1. They knew her very well. They had seen her ________ up from childhood. (全国卷) A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 2. The missing boy were last seen ________ near the river. (全国卷) A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 3. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year. (全国卷) A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out 四．其宾语后可用分词或不定式的3个动词 在want, get, have等动词的宾语后面可接现在分词、过去分词或动词不定式。现分述如下： ①want sb. doing希望某人做某事(多用于否定)；want sb. to do要某人做某事；want sth. done=want sth. to be done(被动)。 I don’t wan t you arriving late. 我希望你不要迟到。(主动、否定句) I want the letter (to be) opened now. 我现在就想把这封信拆开。(被动) ②get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事(主动、将来); get…doing使…开始做某事; get…done=have sth. done请人做/ 遭受(被动)。如： I’ll try to get her ________ the doctor. (上海卷) A. see B. seeing C. to see D. for seeing ③have sth. done=get sth. done请人做某事; have sb / sth. doing sth. 使某人/ 某物一直做某事或者处于某种状态；have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事(见使役动词)；have sth. to do有事要做(见非谓语动词作定语部分)。 1. He didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his wa tch ________. (上海卷) A. to repair B. repaired C.repairing D. repair
非谓语动词作宾语to do/doing/done_非谓语动词 ①She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 当我经过时，她假装没看见我。 ②He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk losingthe good opportunity. 他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。 ③I had great difficulty findingthe suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.(2010上海高考) 在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。 ④I still remember being takento the FamenTemple and what I saw there. 我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。 ⑤I remembered to lockthe door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.(2012安徽高考) 在离开办公室前我记着去锁门，但是忘记了关灯。 1．下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help。 此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
非谓语作补语 1. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills. （me，take） 2. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise. (not make) 3. The patient was warned ________ oily food after the operation. (not eat) 4. Though he had often made his little sister ________, today he was made _ _______ by his little sister. (cry) 5. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________. He always works hard. (learn) 6. They knew her very well. They had seen her ________ up from childhood. (grow) 7. The missing boy were last seen ________ near the river. (play) 8. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year. (carry out) 9.I’ll try to get her ________ the doctor. (see) 10.He didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch ________. (repair) 11. It was so cold that they kept the fire ________ all night. (burn) 12. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen. (smoke) 13. He looked around and caught a man ________ his hand into the pocket o f a passenger. (put) 14. The salesman scolded the girl caught ________ and let her off. (steal) 15.Don’t leave the water ________ while you brush your teeth. (run) 16. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ________. (h ear) 17. Helen had to shout ________ above the sound of the music. A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard 18.Charles Babage is generally considered ________ the first computer. A. to have invented B. inventing C. to invent D. having invented 19. The flu is believed ____ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells insid e the human nose and throat. A. cause B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused 20. Robert is said ________ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studie d in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 21. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ________ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 22. With a lot of difficult problems ________, the newly- elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. setting C. to settle D. being settled 1.With a lot of problems ____, the principal decided to hold a meeting to hav e a through discussion about them. （slove）
“作定语的非谓语动词”面面观 非谓语动词主要包括-ing形式、过去分词和不定式。它们不能在句子中作谓语,而是担任其它语法功能。它们不受句子中主语的人称和数的影响。非谓语动词具有动词特征(有时态和语态的变化形式),又具有名词、形容词或副词的特征(在句中作主语、定语或状语等)。下面就其作定语的常见考点进行分类和归纳。 一、-ing形式作定语-ing 形式在句中做定语时有两种情况。 1. -ing 形式和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系,表示这个名词(人或物)的动作或状态,相当于一个定语从句。如: These dancing girls (= these girls who are dancing) are from my class. 正在跳舞的这些女孩是我班上的。 We should show respect for the working people (= the people who work). 我们应该尊重劳动人民。 At 11 o’clock，please find the waiting bus (the bus which is waiting) at the entrance. 十一点钟时,请在入口处找等候的公共汽车。 注意: ①表示现在(或当时)的状态,变为定语从句时常用一般时态。 The temple standing (=which/that stands) on the top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty. 坐落在山顶上的那个寺庙建于明朝。 ②表示正在进行的动作,变为定语从句时要用进行时态。 Do you see the woman talking to (=who/that is talking to) the secretary？ 你看见那位和秘书谈话的妇女了吗? The song being broadcast (=which/that is being broadcast) is very popular with the young students. 正在播放的那首歌深受青年学生的欢迎。 ③-ing形式作定语时，它所表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。如果两个动作有先有后,一般不用-ing形式作定语,这时应用定语从句。 Those who have finished their work can go home now. 完成工作的那些人现在可以回家了。 ④being不能单独用作定语。 Anyone who is fit for (不用being fit for) this job can sign your name here. 任何能胜任这项工作的人都可以在这里签名。 ⑤-ing形式的完成式一般不能用作定语,除非为非限制性的后置定语。
非谓语动词作宾语，宾补 1、动词+doing 动+宾 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事spend...doing sth. 花费…做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做…imagine sb. doing sth. 想象…做某事can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事feel like doing sth. 想要做某finish doing sth. 完成做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事miss doing sth. 错过做某事suggest doing sth. 建议做某事keep (on) doing sth. 保持（继续）做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事be worth doing sth. 值得做某事consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 2、介词+doing 介+宾 ( be good at doing sth 擅长做某事be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣insist on doing 坚持做某事put off doing 推迟做某事 be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事be tired of doing sth. 厌烦做某事be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事give up doing sth. 放弃做某事without doing sth. 没有做某事think about doing sth. 考虑做某事What / How about doing 做某事怎么样look forward to doing sth. （盼望）pay attention to doing sth. （注意）be used to doing sth. （习惯于）prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜欢）devote to doing sth （致力于）make a contribution to doing （做贡献） ~ 3、动词+to do 动+宾，不定式作宾语 decide to do sth. 决定做某事want ∕would like to do sth. 想做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事need to do sth. 需要做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事afford to do 能做某事 be used to do 被用来做can’t wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事make up one’s mind to do 下决心做某事used to do 过去常常做某事 fail to do 失败做某事 4、常用带to 的不定式作宾语补足语 ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 ^ expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
1. 在感官动词(feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice 等)和使役动词(make, let, have)后，要用不带 to 的不定式作宾补。但在这些动词的被动式(如果可以变为被动式的话)后用作主语补足语的不定式要带 to。 He made me work 12 hours a day. 他要我每天工作12小时。 I was made to work 12 hours a day. 每天要我工作12小时。 记忆方法：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, have, make)、四看(see, look at, watch, notice)。 2. 在下列动词后用作宾语补足语的非谓语动词用不定式，即用于 vt. + sb / sth + to do sth 的形式：advise 建议 allow 允许 ask 叫，请 bear 忍受 beg 乞求 cause 导致 command 命令 encourage 鼓励 expect 期待 forbid 禁止 force 迫使 get 使 hate 讨厌 help 帮助 intend 想要 invite 邀请 leave 让 like 喜欢 mean 打算 need 需要 oblige 迫使 order 命令 permit 允许 persuade 说服 prefer 宁愿 request 请求 remind 提醒 teach 教 tell 告诉 trouble 麻烦 want 想要 warn 警告 wish 希望 wait for 等 would like 想要 would love 想要 would prefer 宁愿 注：(1) 在 help 后作宾补的不定式带不带 to 均可。 (2) 但 fear, excuse, refuse, insist, hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand, thank, arrange 等动词后不可接 sb to do sth。 3. 用非谓语动词作宾语补足语的常用结构： (1) have sb do sth使某人做某事 (2) have sb doing sth 使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中 (3) have sth done 请人做某事，遭受某事 (4) catch sb doing sth 抓住(碰上)某人在做某事 (5) feel sth / sb doing sth 感觉某人或某物在做某事 (6) find sb / sth doing sth 发现某人或某物在做某事 (7) keep sb / sth doing sth 使某人或某物不停地做某事 (8) start sb doing sth 使某人开始做某事 (9) send sb to do sth 派(叫)某人去做某事。如： (10) send sb / sth doing sth 使某人或某物迅速做某事 (11) leave sb to do sth 让某人去做某事 (12) leave sb doing sth 让某人做某事(处于做某事的状态中) (13) set sb to do sth 使某人做某事 (14) set sb (sth) doing sth 使某人或某物开始做某事 4. 非谓语动词作宾补的一个原则：当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式或现在分词；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用过去分词，或用不定式、现在分词的被动式.
教学过程 一、课堂导入 采用：讨论式导入教师课前给学生一些句子，让学生对所给句子进行翻译，以此来导入今天学习的非谓语动词作主语、宾语及补语。以此形式来激活学生的思维，使他们尽快进入学习状态，很自然的在听取学生讨论结果中我们进入了本课内容。如此学生画龙,教师点睛,共同协作,便顺利达到了教学目的。二、复习预习 教师引导学生复习上节课所学知识点，（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑。结合上节课老师布置的预习内容，明确课前预习的任务和目标，在预习的过程中：一是摘抄新旧短语和表达法。旧的短语和表达法一段时间不用，很快就会生疏，每一次复现都是一次有效的复习；二是摘抄典型句型，这样可以不断丰富我们的语言材料和语言知识；三要注意把预习过程中遇到的难点记录下来，以便听课的时候有针对性；四是预习笔记可以同课堂笔记合一，使课堂笔记成为预习笔记的补充和延伸。 三、知识讲解 知识点：非谓语动词作主语、宾语及补语 一.不定式作主语
To become a teacher is my wish. 划线部分为动词不定式在句中充当主语。 常见的It代替不定式作形式主语的句型： It is adj. (for sb.) to do sth. It is adj. (for sth..) to be done It is n.（for sb.）to do sth. It is adj. of sb. (to do sth.) It takes / took sb. time to do sth. 二.动名词作主语 Jogging is my favorite sport.划线部分为动名词在句中充当主语。 it 代替动名词作形式主语常见句型： It is no use/good / pleasure + doing 做某事没用处/没好处/不开心 It is a waste of time + doing 做某事是一种浪费时间 例如： It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。 总结：不定式作主语与动名词作主语的区别 动名词：泛指经常性、抽象性的动作 Collecting letters is my job .(日常反复工作) 不定式：特指的、一次性的、具体的动作，特别是将来的行为 To collect letters is my job .(一次工作)
1.(2018北京,3) (travel)along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 2.(2018天津,7)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph (take). 3.(2018天津,8)It took him a long time (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer. 4.(2018天津,12)I didn’t mean (eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it. 5.(2017江苏,30)A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help (shape) your year ahead. 6.(2016浙江,19)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do (work)with students. 7.(2015安徽,27) (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. 8.(2015陕西,18)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother (take) good care of at home. 9.(2014福建,30)For those with family members far away,the personal computer and the phone are important in staying (connect). 10.(2014四川,5)The manager was satisfied to see many new products (develop)after great effort. 11.(2014陕西,12)It’s quite hot today.Do you feel like(go)for a swim? 12.(2014湖南,23) (understand)your own needs and styles of
英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．---_________ makes your son feel blue today? ---_________ to watch his favourite cartoon Paw Patrol. A．What it is that; To be forbidden B．What is that; Forbidden C．What is it that; Being forbidden D．That is what; Having forbidden 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查强调句型和非谓语动词。句意：——是什么让你儿子今天心情不好？——不让他看他最喜欢的卡通《狗狗巡逻队》。分析句子结构可知，第一空为强调句型的特殊疑问句，即：疑问词What+ it is+ that+其余部分；第二空为非谓语动词，作主语用动名词，且son与forbide之间是被动关系，所以用Being forbidden，故C项正确。 【点睛】 注意强调句型的特殊疑问句形式为：疑问词+ it is+ that+其余部分，根据句意“是什么让你儿子今天心情不好？”判断疑问词用what，即：What is it that makes your son feel blue today? 2．(福建) ___________the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. A．Spending B．Spent C．Having spent D．To spend 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：“花费”和其逻辑主语“Linda”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作原因状语。且“花费”的动作明显早于“看起来成熟”这个动作。表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，用现在分词的完成时。句意：由于Linda过去几年在香港作交换留学生，所以她看起来比她的实际年龄更成熟。 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。 3．Tsinghua University,________ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A．found B．founding C．founded D．to be founded 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意: 建立于1911年的清华大学是大量杰出人物的母校。Tsinghua University和found之间是被动关系, 故用过去分词作后置定语, 选C。 4．More highways have been built in China, _____ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. A．making B．made C．to make D．having made
非谓语动词 、非谓语动词作状语 1. 动词不定式作状语 ① I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.（2013 山东高考?） 由于感到累了，我就停下车稍微休息了一下。 ② George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.（2012 山东高考） 乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。 ③ You will n ever know how happy I was to see her yesterday. 你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我是多么高兴。 ④ This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.（2012 辽宁高考） 这台机器很容易操作。在几分钟内任何人都能学会使用。 ［规律总结］ ⑴动词不定式可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。 （2） only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。 （3） 形容词或过去分 词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有： happy, lucky, glad, sorry, an xious, proud, disappo in ted, an gry, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased, fortunate, right 等。 （4） 在“主语+系动词+表语（形容词）+ to do ”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意 义。该结构中常用的形容词有： easy, hard, difficult, importa nt, impossible, in teresti ng, pleasa nt, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous 等。 2. 分词作状语 ① One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.（2014 济 南模拟） 一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他家。 ② Havi ng arrived early for his date, Mark spe nt time readi ng the n ewspaper.（2014 济宁一 模） 因为约会到的早了些，马克读报纸来打发时间。 ③ Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.（2012 重庆 咼考） 我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。 ④ Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful. YUFAYAODIANJINGXI
专题五非谓语动词 考点一非谓语动词作宾语 Ⅰ.单句填空 1.It was he that first set up private schools and accepted students from every walk of life without (consider) their social status. 【答案】considering 2.So I attempted (translate) through the things they were familiar with. 【答案】to translate 3.In my mind, they’re helping us to become calm and consider(win)and solving real problems as well. 【答案】winning 4.Sometimes, by caring only about the cups, we fail(enjoy)the coffee. 【答案】to enjoy Ⅱ.单句改错 5.Instead of seek a shelter, my parents suggested we help a couple of stall owners pack their books. 【答案】seek→seeking 6.It was Friday, early in the morning. I did not want go to school, so I told my mother that I got a fever. 【答案】want后添加to 7.In the be ginning, I wasn’t used to talk to strangers. 【答案】talk→talking
非谓语动词——分词 现在分词 一、现在分词的句法作用 现在分词在句中可以作定语、表语、补语、状语等句子成分。 （一）作定语 作定语用的现在分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面；如果是现在分词短语，则放在被修饰词的后面，作后置定语。如： a. China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。 b. The crying child disturbed him. 哭闹的孩子使他心烦意乱。 c. The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那边的那个女孩是我妹妹。 d. All the people eating in the restaurant were tourists. 所有正在这个餐馆吃饭的人都是旅游者。 注意：现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先后发生，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。如：The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 值得一说的是，现在分词的被动式一般不能作前置定语，只能作后置定语，使用时应注意。 如： We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. （二）作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征。如： a. The story sounds very moving. 那故事听起来很感人。 b. The situation is encouraging.形势令人鼓舞。 有些做定语和表语的现在分词实际上已经被看作形容词，常见的有：exciting , interesting, disappointing , discouraging, encouraging, puzzling, missing, surprising, confusing, amusing, charming , shocking, inviting等。这些现在分词常可用very修饰。 (三) 作宾语补足语 1．在表示感觉或心理状态的动词如see, hear, watch, notice, feel, smell, find ,listen to look at, observe 等后面作宾语补足语。如： a. I saw people coming and going. 我看见人们来来往往， b. We heard her laughing just now. 我们刚才听见她放声大笑。 在表示使役的动词，如set , keep, start, get , have 等后面作宾语补足语。如： a. They kept me waiting for a long time.他们让我等了好久。 2．在think of, speak of, see ,show, regard, accept, take, understand, describe, treat等动词后，由as引出现在分词做宾语补足语。如： a. I always thought of him as being a good student.我始终认为他是个好学生。 b. Please do not understand me as having lost hope.请不要以为我失去了希望。 c. The teacher described his students as promising.老师把他的学生说成是很有希望的。 d. They knew her very well,. They had seen her ___up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow （四）作主语补语 当先在分词作宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时，分词就变成了主语补足语。如： a. One student was caught cheating in the exam.有一考生考试作弊时被抓住。 b. She was never heard singing that song again.人们在也没听到她唱这首歌。 c. The missing boys were last seen __near the river.
非谓语动词作表语 一：动词不定式在句中做表语： 1) To see is to believe. 2) To save time is to lengthen life. 3) To live is to work. 说明：不定式作表语,说明主语的内容，主语和表语位置可互换，不过泛指一般的习惯性动作最好用动名词，当表具体某一动作，最好用不定式。 Ex: 1) My task is ______the yard every day.(clean) 2) Her job is ______the yard today. (clean) 3) To be kind to the enemy is______ ( be) cruel to the people. 4) Their plan is_______ (build) another dormitory for their staff this year. 5) His wish is ______ (become) a pilot. 2)疑问词who, what, which, when, where, whether, how后可接不定式，构成不定式短语在句中作表语。 1) The question was where to get the medicine needed. 2) The question is how to put it into practice. 3）My question is where to find the answer. 4）The problem is____ ____ _____. 问题是去做什么。 5) The problem is____ ____ _____.问题是要买那一个。 6）The problem is____ ____ _____ . 问题是从哪里开始。 7）The difficulty is_________________________. 难题是如何尽快解决这个问题。 二：动名词在句中做表语，和主语的位置可以互换，句意不变。 My favorite thing is sleeping . = Sleeping is my favorite thing . Their common hobby is collecting stamps. = Collecting stamps is their common hobby. Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. = Washing, cleaning and taking care of the children is her job. What I hate most is being laughed at. = Being laughed at is what I hate most 1) 动名词和不定式作表语常可互换，不过泛指一般的习惯性动作最好用动名词，当表具体某一动作，最好用不定式。 Ex. 1) His part-time job is ______ (promote) new products for the company. 2) Reading is for sure________ (learn), but applying is also______(learn) to a greater extent . 读书当然是学习，然而运用在更大程度上更是学习。 3) What he likes is _____ films. (see) What he likes this afternoon is _____ this film.(see) 2) 动名词的复合结构作表语: What matters most is his______ ( act). What surprised us most is his ______ (speak). 二）现在分词作表语，通常具有形容词性质，主语通常是物；且不能和主语的位置互换。EG：The news was disappointing . The story is interesting. His speech is an inspiring.What he said was very encouraging．EX: 1) Her letter was________（touch).她的信很感人。