Book 1
Unit 1 The Middle Eastern Bazaar
Bazaar (n.) : (in Oriental countries)a market or street of shops and stalls(方国家的 )市，集市
cavern (n． ) : a cave， esp． a large cave洞穴，山洞 (尤指大洞穴，大山洞)
shadowy (adj.) : dim； indistinct模糊的；朦的
harmonious (adj． ) : having musical tones combined to give a pleasing effect；consonant(音 )和的，悦耳的／ harmoniously
adv． throng (n.) :a great number of people gathered together； crowd 人群；群集
conceivable (adj.) : that can be conceived， imagined 可想象的，想得到的
din (n.) : a loud， continuous noise喧声，嘈声
wouldbe ( adj． ) : intended to be 期成??的；将要成??的
muted (adj.) : (of a sound)made softer than is usual(声音 )减弱的
vaulted ( adj．) : having the form of a vault；arched 穹窿形的；拱形的
sepulchral(n． ) : a cave， esp． a large cave洞穴，山洞 (尤指大洞穴，大山洞)
shadowy (adj.) : suggestive of the grave or burial； dismal；gloomy 墓般的；阴森森的
guild ( n．) : any association for mutual aid and the promotion of common interests互助会；会
trestle (n.) :a frame consising of a horizontal beam fastened to two pairs of spreading legs， used to support planks to form a table，platform， etc．支架；脚手台架；凳
impinge (v． ) : strike， hit，or dash； have an effect撞，冲，冲撞；??具有影响
fairyland (n.) : the imaginary land where the fairies live；a lovely enchanting place仙境；奇境
burnish ( v． ) : make or become shiny by rubbing； polish 擦亮；磨光；抛光
brazier ( n.) : a metal pan， bowl，etc．，to hold burning coals or charcoal， as for warming a room or grilling food火盆；火
dim ( v． ) :make or grow unclear(使 )暗淡； (使 )模糊
rhythmic /rhythmical ( adj．) :having rhythm有韵律的；有奏的／rhythmically adv
bellows ( n.) :(sing． &p1.)a device that produces a stream of air through a narrow tube when its sides are pressed together(used for blowing fires， etc． )(复同 )箱
intricate ( adj．) :complex；hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts，details，or relationships；full of elaborate detail 复的；精心制作的
exotic ( adj． ) :strange or different in a way that is striking or fascinating奇异的；异常迷人
的 sumptuous ( adj． ) :involving great expense； costly lavish豪的；奢侈的；昂的 maze
( n.) :
( n.) :a confusing， intricate network of winding pathways 迷津；迷；曲径
honeycomb ( v．) :fill with holes like a honeycomb使成蜂状 mosque
( n.) :a Moslem temple or place of worship清真寺；伊斯教堂
caravanserai ／ caravansery ( n.) :in the Orient． a kind of inn with a large central court，where caravans stop for the night方商 (或旅行 )的客店
disdainful ( n.) :feeling or expressing disdain； scornful and aloof； proud 的，蔑的；傲慢的／disdainfully adv．
bale ( n.) :a large bundle大包，大捆
linseed ( n.) :the seed of flax麻籽
somber ( adj． ) :dark and gloomy or dull阴沉的；昏暗的
pulp ( n.) :a soft，moist，formless mass that sticks together
ramshackle ( adj．) :1ikely to fall to pieces； shaky要倒塌似的，欲的．
dwarf ( v．) :make small or insignificant； make seem small in comparison使矮小；使无足重；使(相形之下)得渺小；使相形
vat ( n.) :a large tank， tub， or cask for holding liquids大缸；大桶
nimble ( adj．) :moving or acting quickly and lightly灵活的；敏捷的／nimbly adv．
girder ( n.) :a large beam，usually horizontal，of timber or steel．for supporting the joists of a floor，the framework of a building．the superstructure of a bridge，etc?大梁
trickle ( n.) :a slow， small flow 流；涓流
ooze ( v． ) :flow or leak out slowly， as through very small holes渗出；慢慢地流
runnel ( n.) :runnel a small stream； little brook or rivulet； a small channel or watercourse小溪；小沟；小槽
glisten (v．) :shine or sparkle with reflected light, as a wet or polished surface；flash(湿的表面或光滑面)反光；耀，光
taut ( adj． ) :tightly stretched， as a rope(子等 )拉的，的
短(Expressions)thread one’s way: move through carefully or slowly，changing direc tion frequenfly as moving小心，慢地(不断地改方向)
例： Slowly she threaded her way back through the moving mass of people．她慢慢熙熙攘攘的人群往回走。
follow suit: to do the same as someone else has done赶潮流，学
例： Many young girls are fond of following suit at present．下多年女孩衷于赶潮流。
narrow down:reduce the number of小 (范，数字等 )
例： Please narrow down the topic of your speech to avoid waste of time．小你的主以免浪。
beat down:bargain with(seller)，causing seller to lower price(与主 )往下砍价
例： It is necessary to know how to beat down the price when bar gaining．在与主价知道怎价。
make a point of: regard or treat it as necessary??是必要的
例： The teachers make a point of setting strict demands on the students．老学生制定格的要求是很必要的
take a hand:join to help 帮助，帮忙
例： When you meet troubles we are gladt0 take a hand ourselves．当你遇到困我愿意帮助你。 throw
one’s weight on to (sth．): use all one’s strength to press down使在 (某物 )上
例： he doctor throws his weight on t0 the patient’s chest，but it does not work．医生使尽全身力气住病人的胸口，但是无
于事。
set? in motion:set sth． going； launch使?一运，移
例： Before the gasoline is discovered， people use diesel oil to set the engine in motion．在汽油之前，人使用柴油来
引擎。
the "Liveliest ”City in Japan
Unit 2 Hiroshima
(Vocabulary)
reportorial ( adj.) :reporting 道的，告的
kimono ( n.) :a loose out garment with short，wide sleeve and a sash。part of the traditional costume of Japanese men and women和服 preoccupation ( n.) :a matter which takes up an one's attention令人全神注的事物
oblivious ( adj.) :forgetful or unmindful(usually with of or to)忘却的；健忘的(常与 of 或 to 用 )
bob ( v．) :move or act in a bobbing manner， move suddenly or jerkily；to curtsy quickly上下跳，晃；行屈膝礼
ritual ( adj.) : of or having the nature of，or done as a rite or rites式的，典礼的
facade ( n.) :the front of a building； part of a building facing a street，courtyard， etc． (房屋 )正面，面
lurch ( v． ) :roll， pitch，or sway suddenly forward or to one side突然向前 (或向面 )斜
intermezzo ( n.) :a short piece of music played alone． or one which connects longer pieces插曲；奏曲
gigantic ( adj.) :very big； huge； colossal； immense 巨大的，大的，其大无比的
usher ( n.) :an official doorkeeper房；达
heave (v． ) :utter(a sign， groan， etc． )with great effort or pain(或痛苦地 )出 (息、呻吟声等)
barge ( n.) :a large boat，usually flat—bottomed，for carrying heavy freight on rivers，canals，etc．；a large pleasure boat，esp. one used for state ceremonies， pageants， etc．大船； (尤指用于典的 ) 大型游艇
moor ( v． ) :hold(a ship， etc． )in place by cables or chains to the shore，or by anchors， etc．系泊；泊
arresting (adj.) :attracting attention； interesting；striking引人注目的；有趣的 beige ( adj.) :grayish—tan 米
黄色；浅灰黄色的
tatami ( n.) :[Jap．]a floor mat woven of rice straw，used traditionally in Japanese homes for sitting on，as when eating[日 ]日本人家里在地板上的稻草，榻榻米
stunning ( adj.) :[colloq． ]remarkably attractive，excellent[口] 极其漂亮的；极其出色的
twinge ( n.) :a sudden，brief， darting pain or pang； a sudden． brief feeling of remorse，shame， etc．刺痛，痛；痛心，懊悔，悔恨，内
疚
slay ( v.) :(slew或 slayed, slain，slaying)kill or destroy in a violent way害；掉
linger ( v．) :continue to live or exist although very close to death or the end苟延；久犹存
agony ( n.) :very great mental or physical pain(精神上或肉体上的 )极度痛苦
inhibit ( v．) :hold back or keep from some action， feeling，etc 抑制 (感情等 )；束 (行等 )
spinal ( adj. ) :of or having to do with the spine or spinal cord脊背的；脊柱的；脊髓的 agitated
( adj.) :shaken；perturbed； excited抖的；不安的，焦的；激的
reverie ( n.) :a dreamy， fanciful， or visionary notion or daydream梦想；幻想；白日梦
heinous (adj.) :outrageously evil or wicked； abominable 极可恨的，极可的，极坏的
cataclysm ( n.) :a violent and sudden change or event． esp. a serious flood or earthquake灾 (尤指洪水、地震等 )
demolish ( v． ) :pull down， tear down， or smash to pieces拆，拆除；破坏，坏
formaldehyde ( n.) :[chem.]a colorless， pungent gas， HCHO， used in solution as a strong disinfectant and preservation，and in the manufacture of synthetic resins， dyes. etc． [化 ]甲
ether ( n.) :[chem.]a light colorless liquid made from alcohol， which burns and is easily changed into a gas(used in industry and as an anaesthetic to put people to sleep before an operation)[化]；乙
humiliate ( v． ) :hurt the pride or dignity of by causing to be or seem foolish or contemptible使受辱，使
genetic (adj.) :of or having to do with genetics的
短(Expressions)
have a lump in one’s throat: a feeling of pressure in one’s throat (cause by repressed emotion as love， sadness，etc．)如哽在喉，哽
咽 (因制激的情所致，如、悲等 )
例： Many British people had a lump in their throat on hearing the death of Dianna．多英国人在听到黛安娜王妃的死如哽
在喉。
on one’ s mind: occupying one’ s thoughts(esp． as a source of wor ry， )占某人的思，一直在想的(尤指的来源 ) 例： The thought that is always on my mind is whether to go broad or not．我一直在思考的一个是究竟要不要出国。
rub shoulders with: (infml)meet and mix with(people)与 (人 )系，交往
例： The foreign visitors said that they would like to rub shoulders with ordinary Chinese people．那些外国游客他愿意
与中国老百姓有来往。
set off:start(a journey， race， etc． )开始 (旅行，跑等 )
例： If you want to catch that train we’better set off for the station immediately．你要是想赶上那班火，咱就最好上
身去火站。
flash by／alorig／ past／ through:move very quickly in the specified direction急速向某方向运
例： The train flashed by at high speed火疾而。
sink in: (of liquids)go down into another substance；be absorbed (指液体 )渗入，被吸收 (fig． )(of words，etc． )be fully absorbed or
un derstood： penetrate esp． gradually(指等 )完全理解
例： Rub the cream on your skin and let it sink in．把种膏搽在皮肤上，它渗去。The scale of the tragedy gradually sank in．一悲惨事件涉及的范已逐完全清楚了。
by trade:way of making a living， esp． a job that involves making sth．； occupation以?生之道(尤指以制造某物) 例： be a butcher， carpenter， tailor， etc． by trade 做肉商、木匠、裁等
Unit 3 Ships in the Desert
(Vocabulary)
lap ( v． ) :(of waves， etc． )move or strike gently with a light， splashing sound such as a dog makes in lapping(波浪 )拍打；
divert ( v． ) :turn(a person or thing)aside(from a course，direction， etc． )；deflect 移；使 (人或物 )向；岔开，使偏斜 Antarctic
( adj. ) :of or near the South Pole or the region around it南极的；近南极的；南极区的；南极地的；南极周的 Trans— Antarctic
(adj.) : crossing or spanning the Antarctic横南极的；横南极地的
parka ( n.) :a hip—length pullover fur garment with a hood，worn 1n arctic regions雪大衣，派克大衣
glacier ( n.) :a slowly moving river or mass of ice and snow that forms in areas where the rate of snowfall constantly exceeds the rate at which the snow melts冰河；冰川
accessible ( adj.) : that can be approached or entered； easy to approach or enter能接近的；能去的；易接近的；易去的 trap
( v． ) :catch in or as in a trap； entrap 捕；捉
inexorable ( adj.) :that cannot be altered， checked， etc．不可的；不可抗拒的；无情的
graph ( n.) :a diagram consisting of nodes and links and representing logical relationships or sequences of events(曲)，；表；形
slab ( n.) :a piece that is flat， broad，and fairly thick平板；厚片
frigid ( adj.) :extremely cold；without heat or warmth 极冷的，寒冷的，寒的
snowmobile ( n.) :any of various motor vehicles for traveling over snow， usually with steerable runners at the front and tractor treads at the rear(机 )雪； (履式 )雪上汽
rendezvous ( n.) :[Fr． ]a place designated for meeting or assembling[法 ]指定集合地；会合点
hover ( v． ) :stay suspended or flutter in the air near oneplace旋
eerie，eery ( adj. ) :mysterious，uncanny，or weird，esp. in such a way as to frighten or make uneasy神秘的，离奇的，怪异的；阴森
的，恐怖的，可怕的／ eerily adv．
hummock ( n.) :ridge or rise in an ice field冰群； (冰原上的 )冰丘
collide ( v．) :come into violent contact；strike violently against each other； crash碰撞；猛撞；互撞
scenario ( n.) :a sequence 0f events esp. when imagined；an account or synopsis of a projected course of action or events(想中的 )
未来事；方案
controversial ( adj. ) :of，subject to，or stirring up controversy；disbatable 争的；引起争的；
tundra ( n.) :any of the vast， nearly level， treeless plains of the arctic regions原；苔原；土
equator ( n.) :an imaginary circle around the earth，equally distant at all points from both the North Pole and the South Pole，dividing the earth's surface into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere赤道
billow ( v．) :surge，swell， or rise like or in a billow(巨浪 )奔； ( 波涛 )汹
pasture ( n.) :
( n.) :． ground suitable for grazing牧
slash (v． ) :cut or wound with a sweeping stroke or strokes， as of a knife(用刀等 )猛砍，乱砍
blot (v． ) :make blots on；spot； stain；blur(esp. used in blot out： darken or hide entirely； obscure)涂；玷；把??弄模糊；遮暗 (尤用于
bolt out：把??弄模糊；遮暗，遮蔽；掩蔽 )
noctilucent (adj.) :designating or of a luminous cloud of unknown composition。visible at night in the polar regions at an altitude
of ．c50 miles 夜光云的；夜光的
shimmer ( v． ) :shine with an unsteady light； glimmer ；出微光
translucent ( adj.) :1etting light pass but diffusing it so that objects on the other side cannot be clearly distinguished； partially transparent，as frosted glass半透明的
buildup ( n.) :a gradual increase in amount，power，influence，etc．；expansion(在数目、力量、影响等方面)逐增加，大，充；
集
methane ( n.) :a colorless，odorless，inflammable gaseous hydrocarbon，CH4，present in natural gas and formed by the decomposition of vegetable matter，as in marshes and mines. or produced artificially by heating carbon monoxide and hydrogen over a nickle catalyst 甲；沼气
landfill ( n.) :the disposal of garbage or rubbish by burying it under a shallow layer of ground埋入地下的
垃圾 paddy ( n.) :rice in the husk， growing or gathered稻，谷
termite ( n.) :a kind of insect found chiefly in tropical areas，very destructive to wood，textiles，etc．，which makes large hills of hard earth 白
biomass ( n.) :the total mass or amount of living organisms in a particular area or volume生物量
extinction ( n.) :the fact or state of being or becoming extinct； dying out，as of a race， species of animal， etc． (物的 )，种 rip (v． ) :cut or tear apart roughly or vigorously撕，扯
spectral ( adj.) : of or like a specter； phantom； ghostly鬼怪 (似)的；幽灵 (般 )的
skirmish ( n.) :a brief fight or encounter between small groups， usually an incident of a battle小模斗；前哨
aquifer ( n.) :an underground layer of porous rock，sand，etc．containing water，into which wells can be sunk含水 (能水井提供重要
价的水量的地下岩 )
chlorine ( n.) :a greenish—yellow，poisonous，gaseous chemical element with a disagreeable odor．used as a bleaching agent，in water purification， in various industrial processes，etc． (symbol C1) (符号 C1)
chlorofluorocarbon ( n.) :any of a series of gaseous or low—boiling，inert， nonflammable derivatives of methane or ethane， used as
refrigerants and solvents，and as propellants in aerosol products[化 ]氟
利昂 disrupt ( v．) :disturb or interrupt the orderly course of扰乱；破坏
ultraviolet ( adj. ) :1ying just beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum and having wavelengths shorter than approximately 4
000 angstroms紫外 (线)的
molecule ( n.) :the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist in the free state and still retain the characteristics of
the element or compound[化 ]分子
equilibrium ( n.) :a state of balance or equality between opposing forces平衡 (状态 )；平均；相称
exponential ( adj.)[Math ．] :of or relating to an exponent： involving a variable or unknown quantity as an exponent[数 ]指数的；
幂的 axiom ( n.) :a statement universally accepted as true； maxim 格言，箴言
cumulative (adj. ) :increasing in effect， size, quantity， etc． by successive additions； accumulated 累积的，堆积的；累加的；(作用、大小、数量等)渐增的
sustenance ( n.) :one’s means of livelihood；maintenance； support 生计；支撑；支持，维持
ozone ( n.) :n unstable，pale—blue gas，O3，with a penetraring odor(an allotropic form of oxygen，formed usually by a silent electrical discharge in air， and used as an oxidizing，deodorizing． and bleaching agent and in the purification of water)[化]臭氧depletion ( n.) :the gradual using up or destruction or capital assets，esp. of natural resources资产 (尤指自然资源 )的折耗，
耗减 deforestation ( n.) :the act or action of clearing (1and)of forests of trees毁林，滥伐森林
precedent ( n.) :existing practice resulting from earlier precedents先例；前例
sober ( v． ) :make or become self— controlled，calm，serious in thought， etc． (使 )变清醒 (或冷静、严肃、庄严
等 ) weaponry ( n.) :the design and production o{weapons武器设计和生产
deploy ( v． ) :spread out or place in accordance with a plan展开；部
署 leapfrog ( v． ) :jump or skip over跃过；越过
obsolete ( adj.) :no longer in use or practice；discarded； no longer in fashion； out—ofdate 已废弃的；已不用的；过时的；老
式的 simplistic (adj.) :making complex problems unrealistically simple；oversimplifying or oversimplified过分简单化的
短语(Expressions)
at stake:to be won or lost； being risked 在胜败关头，冒风险
例： This decision put out lives at stake．这一决定，我们的生命就凶吉难保了。
Unit 4 Everyday Use for Your Grandmama
词汇 (Vocabulary)
wavy ( adj. ) :like，characteristic of， or suggestive of waves波状的；有起伏的 groove
( n.) :a long， narrow furrow or hollow cut in a surface with a tool纹 (道 )；纹槽
elm ( adj.) : designating a family(Ulmaceae)of trees growing largely in the ．NTemperate Zone[植 ]榆
科的 totter ( v.) :be unsteady on one's feet； stagger蹒跚而行
limousine ( n.) :any large luxurious sedan， esp. one driven by a chauffeur(配有司机的 )高级
轿车 sporty ( adj.) :characteristic of a sport or sporting man运动员似的
tacky ( adj.) : untidy； neglected；unrefined；vulgar 劣等的；破旧的；粗俗的
flannel ( n.) :a soft， lightweight， loosely woven woolen cloth with a slightly napped surface法兰绒
barley ( n.) :a cereal grass(Hordeum vulgare and related species)with dense，bearded spikes of flowers， each made up of three single— seeded spikelets大麦
lame (adj. ) :crippled；disabled； esp. having an injured leg or foot that makes one limp瘸的；残
废的 sidle ( v． ) :move sideways， esp. in a shy or stealthy manner(羞怯或偷偷地 )侧身行走 shuffle
( n.) :a slow dragging walk拖着脚走
papery ( adj.) :thin， light， etc． 1ike paper(在厚薄、质地等方面)像纸的
dingy (adj.) :dirty—colored； not bright or clean； grimy 昏暗的，不明亮的；不干净的；无光泽的；弄脏了的
make— believe ( n.) :① n. pretense；feigning 假装；虚假② adj. pretended； feigned； sham 假装的；虚假
的 dimwit ( n.) :[slang]a stupid person； simpleton[俚 ]蠢人，笨蛋，傻子
organdy ( n.) : very sheer，crisp cotton fabric used for dresses， curtains， etc．蝉翼纱；玻璃纱(一种细薄的透明布)
pump ( n.) :． a low— cut shoe without straps or ties一种浅口无带皮鞋 flicker
( v． ) :move with a quick， light，wavering motion 摇曳，摇动；晃动
mossy ( adj.) : full of or covered with moss or a mosslike growth生了苔的；多苔的；苔
状的 hook ( v． ) :attack with the horns， as a bull；gore(牛等以角 )抵破，抵伤
shingle ( n.) :a thin，wedgeshaped piece of wood，slate, etc．1aid with others in a series of overlapping rows as a covering for roofs and the sides of the houses屋顶板；木瓦
porthole ( n.) :an opening in a ship's side， as for admitting light and air(船侧采光、通气的)舷窗；舱口
rawhide ( adj. ) :done or acting in a stealthy manner，as if to hinder observation；surreptitious；stealthy；sneaky；secret鬼鬼祟祟的，偷偷摸摸的；秘密的
cute ( adj.) :[Am． colloq．]pretty or attractive，esp. in a delicate or dainty way[美口 ]漂亮的，俏的，迷人的；逗人喜爱
的 scalding ( adj.) :fierce in attacking in words措辞尖锐的
lye ( n.) :any strongly alkaline substance，usually sodium or potassium hydroxide， used in cleaning，making soap，
etc．碱液 recompose ( v. ) : restore to composure使恢复镇静
stocky ( adj.) :heavily built； sturdy； short and thickset矮胖的；结实的
kinky (adj.) :full of kinks；tightly curled， esp． of hair(尤指头发 )绞缠的；纽结的；弯曲的
wriggle ( v． ) :．twist from side to side，either in one place or when moving along蠕动；扭
动 earring ( n.) :[usu．p1.] an ornament worn on the ear[常用复数 ]耳环，耳饰
bracelet ( n.) :an ornamental band or chain worn about the wrist or arm手
镯 armpit ( n.) :the hollow place under the arm at the shoulder腋下，腋窝
lizard ( n.) :any of several types of(usu． )small creatures which are reptiles。with a rough skin，4 legs， and a long tail蜥蜴
nave ( z． ) :a small mark or sunken place in the middle of he stomach． 1eft when the connection to the mother(the umbilical
cord)was cut at birth 肚脐
hug ( v． ) :hold(someone)tightly in the arms搂抱；紧抱
perspiration ( n.) :the act or action of sweating出汗；汗
peek ( v． ) :glance or look quickly and furtively，esp. through an opening or from behind something(尤指从缝隙或隐蔽处 ) 偷看；窥视Polaroid ( n.) :[short for Polaroid Land Camera]a portable camera that develops the film negative internally and produces a print within seconds after the process is initiated (Polaroid Land Camera的缩略式 )(一种即照即成相片的照相机 )波拉罗伊德照相机；“拍立来”照相机
stoop ( v． ) :bend(the head and shoulders)forwards and down屈身；弯腰
nibble ( v.) :take small bites(out of something)； eat(something)with small bites细咬，细食；一点点地
咬 snap ( v． ) :take a snapshot of抢拍；用快照拍摄
limp (adj.) :1acking or having lost stiffness； flaccid，drooping， wilted，etc．柔软的
crop ( v．) :(used in crop up)arise， happen， or appear，unexpectedly(用于 crop up)突然出现；突然发生
trip [trip] : 口． (used in￡rip over)make an awkward mistake in(something such as words)(用于 trip over)(在语言上 )出差错；卡壳，
支吾
herd ( n.) :a number of cattle or other large animals feeding， living， or being driven together牛群；
畜群 collard ( n.) :a kind of kale(Brassica oleracea acephala) whose coarse leaves are borne in tufts羽
衣甘蓝 chitlins ( n.) :[p1.]the small intestines of pigs，used for food[复 ](猪等的 )小肠 (供食用 )
streak ( n.) :streak [colloq．](used in talk a blue streak)talk much and rapidly[口 ]连珠炮似地谈话；滔滔不绝地讲
话 rump ( n.) :[humor](of a human being)the part of the body one sits on[幽]臀部
churn ( n.) :．a container in which milk is moved about violently until it becomes butter搅乳器 (用以搅拌牛乳而制成黄油 )
clabber ( n.) :thickly curdled sour milk酸牛奶
whittle ( v． ) :cut(wood)to a smaller size by taking off small thin pieces削(木头 )
dasher ( n.) :a rotating device for whipping cream， as in a churn， etc．(奶油 )搅拌器
centerpiece ( n.) :an ornament， a bowl of flowers，etc． for the center of a table 放在桌子中央的装饰品 (如花瓶等 )
alcove ( n.) :a recessed section of a room， as a breakfast nook凹室 (如早餐座 )
sink ( n.) :[geo1． ]an area of slightly sunken land， esp. one in which water collects or disappears by evaporation or percolation into the ground 渗坑；洼地、
rifle ( v. ) :ransack and rob(a place， building etc．)；pillage； plunder 抢劫，掠夺 (某地 )
scrap ( n.) :a small piece； bit； fragment； shred小片；碎片
teeny ( adj.) :[colloq． ]variation of the word “ tiny” tiny 的口体
slam ( v． ) :shut or allow to shut with force and noise使关 (等 ) ；砰地 (把等 )关上
lavender ( adj．) :pale— purple 淡紫色的
stump ( v． ) :[colloq． ]puzzle，perplex； baffle[口 ]使困惑；使茫然不知所措
scrape ( v． ) :(cause to)rub roughly(使 )磨擦
checkerberry ( n.) :[Am． ]the edible，red， berrylike fruit of the wintergreen[美]平白珠的果 snuff
( n.) :smell；scent气味，气息
dopey ( adj.) :[colloq． ]mentally slow or confused；stupid[口 ](感 )的；迷迷糊糊的，昏昏沉沉的；愚蠢的；呆傻的
hangdog (adj． ) :ashamed and cringing羞愧的
短(Expressions)
crop up: v． to appear unexpectedly or occasionally意外出，偶然出
例： All sorts of difficulties have cropped up at work．在工作中，各种各的困意想不到地出了。
Unit 5 Speech on Hitler's Invasion of the U.S.S.R.
(Vocabulary)
horde ( n.) :a large， moving crowd or throng群，人群
croquet ( n.) :an outdoor game、n which the players use mallets to drive a wooden ball through a series of hoops placed in the ground槌球游 (一种用木槌木球小圈的游 )
luncheon ( n.) :a lunch，esp. a formal lunch with others午餐；午宴；午餐(聚)会
Nazi (adj. & n.) :designating，of，or characteristic of the German fascist political party(German National Socialist Party)．founded in 1919 and abolished in 1945德国国社党的，粹党的；粹党党，粹分子
indistinguishable ( adj. ) : that cannot be distinguished as being different or separate不能区的，不能辨的，区分的
devoid ( adj.) :completely without； empty or destitute(of)完全没有的，缺乏的 (后接 of)
excel ( v． ) :be better or greater than， or superior to(another or others)于；
ferocious ( adj.) :fierce；savage； violently cruel凶猛的，残忍的；凶的 unsay
( v．) :take back or retract(what has been said)取消 (前言 )；收回 (前言 )
folly ( n.) :foolishness； any foolish action or belief愚笨，愚蠢；愚蠢的行(或思想等 )
threshold ( n.) :doorstill；entrance or beginning point of sth．；人口；开端
till ( v.) :work(1and)in raising crops， as by plowing， fertilizing， etc．；cultivate 耕种；耕耘；耕作
immemorial (adj. ) : extending back beyond memory or record； ancient 无法追的；无文字的；古老的
wring (v．) :． get or extract by force，threats， persistence， etc.; extort 求；榨取；勒索 primodial
(adj.) :not derivative；fundamental； original 根本的；基本的
hideous ( adj.) :horrible to see， hear etc．；very ugly or revolting； dreadful 人听的；非常丑陋的；可怕的
onslaught ( n.) :a violent， intense attack猛攻
clank ( v. ) : make a sharp， metallic sound当声，声
dandify ( v． ) :make a look like a dandy； dress up使打扮得像花花公子；??穿上盛装，?? 装打扮 crafty
( adj.) :subtly deceitful； cunning；artful； sly 狡猾的，狡的，多端的
cow ( v． ) :make timid and submissive by filling with fear or awe；intimidate 恫吓，吓，威
docile ( adj.) :easy to manage or discipline；tractable 易管教的；从的，温的，服的；听的 brutish
( adj. ) :of or like a brute； savage；gross野般的，残忍的；粗野的
plod ( v． ) :walk 0r move heavily and laboriously；trudge 沉重慢地走
swarm ( n.) :a moving mass，crowd， or throng(移的 )大群，大堆
locust ( n.) :any of various large grasshoppers，often traveling in great swarms and destroying nearly all vegetation in areas visited 蝗虫 smart ( v．) :feel mental distress or irritation， as in resentment， remorse， etc．感到痛苦；感到心
prey ( n.) :an animal hunted or killed for food by another animal：a person or thing that falls victim to someone or something被捕食的物；牲者；牲品
villainous ( adj.) :of，like， or characteristic of a villain； evil； vicious； wicked 坏人的；邪的；棍似的
cataract ( n.) :any strong flood or rush of water； deluge 洪水；急流；大雨
concur ( v．) :agree(with)； be in accord(in an opinion， etc．) 同意，成，与??(意 )一致 (常与 with， in 用 )
irrevocable ( adj. ) :that cannot be revoked， recalled， or undone； unalterable 不能取消的；不可止的；不可改的；无可挽回的
vestige ( n.) :a trace，mark， or sign of something that once existed but has passed away or disappeared残迹；迹；痕迹 parley
( v. ) :have a conference or discussion，esp. with an enemy； confer 会 (尤指与方的判 )
creed ( n.) :a statement of belief，principles， or opinions on any subject信条；信念
divergence ( n.) :departure from a particular viewpoint，practice， etc．偏离，背离，背
moralise ( v． ) :think， write ，or speak about matters of right and wrong，often in a self— righteous or tedious way(在言或写作中 ) 道德；教
catastrophe ( n.) :any great and sudden calamity， disaster，or misfortune 然而来的大灾；灾；患
blood—lust ( n.) :a strong desire to kill or wound人欲，嗜狂
lure ( v． ) :attract，tempt ，or entice(often with Dm)吸引；惑；不断引(常与 on 用 )
hurl ( v． ) :throw or fling with force or violence猛投，猛；猛抛
prelude ( n.) :anything serving as the introduction to a principal event，action，performance，etc．；preliminary part； preface；opening 序言；序幕
intervene ( v．) :come or be in between as something unnecessary or irrelevant；interpose 干涉，干
subjugation ( n.) :bringing under control； conquering征服，制服
hearth ( n.) :the fireside as the center of family life：family life； home 炉；家庭生活；家庭短
(Expressions)
round up:cause sb． or sth．to gather in one place 集，使集
例： The guide rounded up the tourists and led them back to the coach．游把游客集合在一起，他回到上。
count on: rely on sb． or sth． with confidence 依靠，信，指望
例： Don’ t count on a salary increase this year．指望今年会加薪水。
go all out:do one’ s utmost，spare no efforts全力以赴
例： I’ lle team is going all out to win the championship．个了争取冠而全力以赴。
make a reference to: speaking of or mentioning sb． or sth．提到，提及
例： The commentator made a pointed reference to the recent scan． dal．个有性地提到了最近的丑。
to the effect that:with the meaning that? ,giving the information that?大意
例： He left a note to the effect that he would not be returning．他留下一字条，大意是他不回来了。
on the threshold of: at the point of entering or beginning of在??口，在??的开端
例： The politician was on the threshold of his career．那位政治家的事起步。
tie down:reduce to bondage； enslave束，限制，奴役
例： The veteran worker refuses to be tied。 down by petty restric tion．那个老工人不理会的章制度的限制。
in due course: at the appropriate time ；eventually 在适当的机，最
例： Your request will be dealt with in due course．你的要求将在适当的候予以理。
it follows that:it shows that；from this we carl see that由此司，由此断定
例： He doesn’t come to work today， but it doesn’ t necessarily follow that he is ill．他今天没来上班，但并不得他就是
病了。
Unit 6 BLACKMAIL
blackmail ( n.) :the obtaining of money or advancement by threatening to make known unpleasant facts about a person or group 敲；勒索
suite ( n.) :a group of connected rooms used as a unit， such as an apartment一套房
cryptic ( adj.) :having a hidden or ambiguous meaning；mysterious蔽的，秘密的；神秘的
fray ( v．) :make or become weakened or strained(使)弱； (使)
dispatch ( v． ) :send off or out promptly， usually on a specific errand or official business(迅速地 )派遣，派出 (常指特差事或公事) errand ( n.) :a trip to carry a message or do a definite thing， esp. for someone else差事 (尤指人送信或事)
piggy ( adj. ) : like a pig； gluttonous猪一般的；婪的(=piggish)
sardonic ( adj.) :bitter， scornful(used of smile or laughter)disdainfully or bitterly sneering， ironic or sarcastic的；嘲笑的／
sardonically adv．
gross ( adj.) : big or fat and coarse—looking； corpulent； burtly 肥胖的，臃的；粗壮的
jowl ( n.) :the fleshy， hanging part under the lower jaw下的下垂部分
encompass ( v． ) :shut in all around；surround； encircle ， flip
( v． ) :toss or move with a quick jerk； flick(用指等 )；拂 decor
( n.) :[Fre.]decoration[法 ]装，装璜
obese ( adj. ) :very fat；stout； corpulent 度肥胖的；肥大的
appreciative ( adj.) :feeling or showing appreciation欣的；有欣力的；有眼力的；有力的 incongruous
( adj.) :lacking harmony or agreement; incompatible不和的；不和不相容的；自相矛盾的
falsetto : ① n．an artificial way of singing or speaking，in which the voice is placed in a register much higher than that of the natural voice 假声 (、唱 )②adj.假声的；用假声唱的
emission ( n.) :the act of sending out or giving forth(heat，light，smell)；the action of uttering(sound)(、光、气味等的)散，放出；(声音等的 )出
spit ( v．) :eject，throw(out) ，emit， or utter explosively出，吐出；激烈地出
savagery ( n.) :savage act， behavior， or disposition；barbarity 暴行；残忍；凶猛
blandness ( n.) :being mild and soothing温和，和；文雅
adversary ( n.) : person who opposes or fights against another；opponent 手；方；手
high—tail ( v.) :[colloq． ]leave or go in a hurry； scurry off (chiefly in high—tail it )[ 口] 匆忙离开，匆忙走开；迅速撤退；迅速逃走
(主要用于 high— tail it)
blink ( v．) :wink(the eyes)rapidly；cause(eyes)to wink眨 (眼 )；使眨 (眼 )
inbred ( adj.) : innate or deeply instilled天生的，生来的，先天的
flicker ( v． ) :move with a quick， light，wavering motion 曳，，晃
interject ( v． ) :throw in between；interrupt with 打断；插入，插()
clasp ( v． ) :hold tightly(with the arms or hands)； grasp firmly握住；握
conceal ( v． ) :put out of sight；hide 把??藏起来，藏，匿
puff ( v． ) :blow， drive， give forth， etc． in or with a puff or puffs(一地 )吹；出
leastways ( adv． ) :(chiefly dial．)leastwise； anyway(多用于口 )至少；无如何
smug (adj.) :narrowly contented with one’ s own accomplishments， beliefs， morality， etc．； self— satisfied to an annoying degree 沾沾自喜的；自得意的；自的
tuck ( v． ) :put into a secluded or isolated spot把??放入蔽或隔离的地方；使蔽；(收 )藏起
cluck ( v．) :make a low，sharp，clicking sound，as of a hen calling her chickens or brooding；utter with such a sound(母小的 ) 咯咯叫，作咯咯叫声； (人 )咯咯地叫；咯咯地
reproving ( adj. ) :expressing disapproval of指摘的；非的／reprovingly adv．
hunch ( n.) :[colloq． ]a feeling about something not based on known facts； premonition or suspicion[口 ]感，兆；疑心
jockey ( n.) :[Am．slang]one who operates a specified vehicle， machine， etc． [美俚 ](某种的 )； (机器等的 )操作者 bust
( v． ) :[slang]burst or break[俚 ](使 )爆裂， (使 )破
despairing ( adj.) :feeling or showing despair；hopeless望的，没有希望的／despairingly adv．
shrug ( v． ) :draw up(the shoulders)， as in expressing indifference， doubt， disdain， contempt， etc． (表达冷漠、无奈等)肩
twig ( v． ) :[Brit．colloq． ]observe； notice[英口 ]察；注意
discreet ( adj.) :careful about what．one says or does；prudent：keeping silent or preserving confidences when necessary言行( )慎的；慎重的；考周到的／discreetly adv．
holler ( v．) :[colloq．]shout or yell[口]叫喊，呼喊
oafish( adj.) :stupid愚蠢的，笨拙的
grotesque (adj.) :ludicrously eccentric or strange； ridiculous；absurd；fantastic 怪僻的；荒的；滑稽可笑的
unequivocal ( adj.) :not equivocal； not ambiguous；plain； clear 不含糊的；不模棱两可的；明确的；明白的
bulbous (adj.) :shaped like a bulb； fat and round(often derog．) 球茎形的；又肥又的 ( 常用作 )
countenance ( n.) :the face；facial features； visage , 面孔 ;面貌，面容，容貌，色
peremptory (adj. ) :intolerantly positive；dictatorial； dogmatic； imperious高傲的；武断的；横的；制的／peremptorily adv．
rivet ( v．) :fix or hold(the eyes， attention，etc． )firmly(把目光、注意力等 )集中于?? imperious
(adj.) : overbearing； arrogant； masterful， domineering 傲慢的；横的；盛气凌人的 respite
( n.) :an interval of temporary relief or rest的休息；的喘息
whiplash (adj. ) : showing resentment and ill humor by morose，unsociable withdrawal愠怒的，不的／ sullenly
adv． vacillation ( n.) :he state of wavering in mind； hesitation； indecision犹豫；踌躇 dally ( v．) :be slow or waste time；延
bulge ( v．) :swell or bend outward；protrude or project 膨，；鼓起，隆起，突出
beady ( adj.) :(esp． of an eye)small，round，and glittering like a bead(尤指眼睛 )似珠子般小而亮的
短(Expressions)
put out:stop sth． burning 熄
例： I threw water over him． desperately trying t0 put out the flames．我往他身上水，拼命地想扑他身上的火焰。 take
one’ s time(doing sth．或 to do sth．或 about sth． ): do sth． slowly 不着急，慢慢 ( 做事 )
例： You can take your time coming to See me．你不用着急来看我。
on a hunch: based on feeling and for which there is no proof凭感
例： Few people are wiHing to stake their reputation on a hunch．很少有人愿意然用名声冒。
Unit 7 The Age of Miracle Chips
miracle ( n.) :an event or action that apparently contradicts known scientific laws and is hence thought to be due to supernatural causes， esp. to an act of God奇迹
chip ( n.) :a semiconductor body in which an integrated circuit is formed or is to be formed集成路片
silicon ( n.) :a nonmetallic chemical element occurring in several forms．found always in combination，and more abundant in nature than any other element except oxygen， with which it combines to form silica(used in the manufacture of transistors。solar cells，rectifiers，silicones， ceramics， etc． )硅(符号 Si)
inert ( adj.) : having few or no active properties； inactive 惰性的
fleck ( n.) :a small piece； flake； particle 小片，薄片；粒子，微粒
hulking ( adj.) :1arge， heavy， and often unwieldy or clumsy巨大的，大的；笨重的
tangle ( v． ) :make a knot or snarl of； intertwist 使；使
evolve ( v．) :develop gradually by a process of growth and change演；化；展
versatile ( adj.) :competent in many things；able to turn easily from one subject or occupation to another；manysided；adaptable to many uses or functions多才多的；多方面的；多用途的；万能的；多功能的
drudgery ( n.) :work that is hard，menial。or tiresome 乏味的工作
burr ( v． ) :．make a whirring sound嘎嘎声；声
Venetian blind ( n.) :a window blind made of a number of thin，horizontal wooden，metal ，or plastic slats that can be set together at any angle to regulate the light and air pressing through or drawn up together to the top of the window by means of cords百叶帘；活百叶窗
thermostat ( n.) :an apparatus for regulating temperature, esp. one that automatically controls a heating unit恒温
器 boost ( v．) :make higher or greater； increase in amount．power。 etc．提高； (在数量、力量等方面 ) 增加 cozy
( adj.) :warm and comfortable； snug温暖舒适的；安逸的
percolator ( n.) :a kind of coffeepot in which the boiling water repeatedly bubbles up through a tube and filters back to the bottom through the coffee grounds， which are held in a perforated container咖啡渗
burble ( v．) :make a gurgling or bubbling sound(流水 )做声，潺潺做声
rundown ( n.) :a concise summary or outline要；
snug ( adj.) :warm and cozy；comfortable 温暖的；舒适的／snugly adv．
memo ( n.) :(clipped form of memorandum)a short note written to help one remember something or remind one to do
something(memorandum 的略形式 )忘；笔
genie／ jinni ( n.) :[Moslem legend]a supernatural being that can take human or animal form and influence human affairs(穆斯林中的)神灵；神怪 (能化人形或形，影响人的事 ) saunter
( v． ) :walk about idly； stroll 逛；漫步
commandeer ( n.) :． seize(property)for military or governmental use征用 (人力或物力 )
recipe ( n.) :a list of materials and directions for preparing a dish or drink烹法；食
Byzantine ( adj.) :designating or of the decorative style of the mosaics，frescoes，etc．，of the Byzantine Empirs. characterized by lack of perspective， use of rich colors， esp. gold, and emphasis on religious symbolism(指嵌画、壁画等工美 )拜占廷式的 conjugation ( n.) :a methodical presentation or arrangement of the inflectional forms of a verb(的 )形化
groovy ( adj.) :[Am． slang]very pleasing or attractive(a generalized term of approval)[美俚 ]妙的；极好的 ( 一般 )
matutinal ( adj.) :of or in the morning； early 早晨的；早的
scenario ( n.) :a description of a possible course of action or events(行活或施目的 )划；方案 barring
( prep． ) :unless there should be； excepting除?外；不包括
tummy ( n.) :stomach(a child's word)(儿 )肚子
array ( n.) :an impressive display or assembled persons or things(排列整的 )一批；大量
utopian ( n.) :a person who believes in a utopia， esp. of a social or political nature；visionary 空想家
chore ( n.) :(often used in p1.)a small routine task，as of a housekeeper or farmer；odd job(常用于复数 )日常零星工作，零星活儿 (如家庭，活等 )
capricious ( adj.) :subject to caprices；tending to change abruptly and without apparent reason； inconstant多的，幻莫的
tutorial ( n.) :a class in a tutorial system(制中 )由个指
rinse ( v．) :wash lightly，esp. by dipping into water or by letting water run over， into，or through 冲洗；漂洗
elicit ( v． ) :draw forth； evoke 得出；引出；出
ubiquitous ( adj.) :present，or seeming to be present， everywhere at the same time ；omnipresent(似乎 )同普遍存在的；似乎无不在
的
dehumanize ( v． ) :deprive of human qualities， as pity， kindness，individuality， creativity，etc．； make inhuman or machinelike使失人性，使无人性；使成性；使像机器
homogeneity ( n.) :the same in structure， quality， etc．同；同族
candid (adj.) :very honest or frank in what one says or writes的，坦率的；直言相告的
symptom ( n.) :any condition accompanying or resulting from a disease or a physical disorder and serving as an aid in diagnosis
症状． regimen ( n.) :a regulated system of diet， exercise，etc． for therapy or the maintenance or improvement of health生活；生
法 harass ( v．) :trouble，worry， or torment， as with cares， debts， repeated questions， etc．使；使困；折磨
intimidate ( v．) :make timid； make afraid； overawe 使胆怯，使害怕；威；吓住
pharmacy ( n.) :a place where pharmacy is practiced； drugstore房；店 panic
( v． ) :affect with panic； fear 使恐慌；使惊慌
avert ( v． ) :keep from happening； ward off； prevent 避免；防止 (灾等 )生；住
accrue ( v．) :come as a natural growth， advantage， or right(to)(常与 to 用 )(利益等 )及到 (某人 )； (利等 )于 (某人 )
recess ( n.) :a temporary withdrawal from or halting of work，business， study，etc．休息；休会；休假
hassle ( v．) :[Am．slang]subject to persistent or acute annoyance[美俚 ]使；乱，，不断地打 revivify
( v. ) :put new life or vigor into； cause to revive使复活，使醒；使恢复活力
soporific ( adj.) :causing or tending to cause sleep；of or characterized by sleep or sleepiness催眠的，致睡的；困倦的；酣睡
的 dangle ( v． ) :be a hanger— on； follow 追求，追逐，追随
ken ( n.) :mental perception or recognition；range of knowledge；understanding ；知范；理解 benign
( adj.) :favorable； beneficial 有利的；有益的
propel ( v．) :push， drive， or impel onward， forward，or ahead 推；推；鼓励短
(Expressions)
accrue to(sb． )(from sth． ):increase,come as a natural increase or advantage增加，力或利益于某人及到某人例：Knowledge will accrue to you from reading．能增加知。
Unit 8 An Interactive Life
cathedral ( n.) :any large，imposing church主教座堂，主教大堂；大教堂
peak ( n.) :the highest or utmost point of anything；height； maximum 最高点，点；最高 lucid
(adj.) :clear to the mind；readily understood易懂的；明白的
ulterior (adj.) :beyond what is exprssed， implied，or evident；undisclosed蔽的；秘而不宣的
prosecution ( n.) :act of prosecuting底行；行；行
infuse ( v． ) :． put(quality，idea， etc． )into， as if by pouring； instill； impart 逐灌 (思想品德等 )；把?授
protestant (adj.) :of any of the Christian churches as a result of the Reformation新教 (徒 )的；基督教 (徒 )的
(尤指精神反常，着迷) obsess (v． ) :haunt or trouble in mind， esp. to an abnormal degree； preoccupy deeply使分心；使心神困
subdue ( v． ) :bring into subjection； conquer； vanquish使屈服，征服
asceticism ( n.) :the practice or way of life of an ascetic苦行 ( 主 )；禁欲 (主 )
succinct ( adj.) :clearly and briefly stated； terse 明的；短的
stultify (v． ) :make seem foolish， stupid，inconsistent， etc．； make absurd or ridiculous使得愚蠢 (可笑 )
devoid (adj.) :completely not having； empty or destitute 完全没有的；无 (或缺乏的 )
premium ( n.) :a reward or prize，esp. one offered free or at a special。 low price as an additional amount paid or charged品，，尤指金
slovenly ( adj.) :of characteristic of a sloven虎 (或散 )成性的
slowdown ( n.) :slowing down， as of production(生等的 )减退；怠工
manipulation ( n.) :skillful handling or operation： artful management or control，etc．操作；操 ;理；熟的；操作；巧妙的管理(或控制 ) psyche ( n.) :the human soul； the mind 灵魂；心灵；精神
psychiatrist ( n.) :expert in psychiatry精神病家
routinize (v． ) :make routine；reduce to a routine 使成常；使于常
spontaneity ( n.) :the state or quality of being spontaneous自性；自的情况
deep— seated ( adj.) :deep— rooted； firmly established根深蒂固的
gadget ( n.) :any small， esp. mechanical contrivance or device(尤指机械装置的 )小明
cereal ( n.) :any grain used for food， as wheat，oats， rice， etc．谷
toaster ( n.) :any of various utensils or appliances for toasting bread烤箱；烤
炉 drudgery ( n.) :work that is hard，menial，or tiresome 乏味的工作；苦干
bliss ( n.) :great joy or happiness极大的 (或幸福 )
knob ( n.) :a handle， usually round， of a door， drawer，etc． (、抽等的 )球形把手
craving ( n.) :an intense and prolonged desire； yearning or appetite，as for food， drink， etc．渴望，望； (食的 )急欲
fraudulency ( n.) :deceit； trickery；cheating 欺；欺
intoxication ( n.) :intoxicating or becoming intoxicated；a feeling of wild excitement；rapture； frenzy 醉，喝醉；陶醉，极度，欣喜若狂
fleeting ( adj.) :passing swiftly； not lasting疾的，疾逝的；短的
短(Expressions)
nail sth． down:make sth．secure with nails;define sth．precisely 将某物用子牢，确定某物
例： hey haven’ t nailed down when and where to have a meeting．开会的和地点尚未确定。
nail sb．down:make sb．say precisely what he believes or wants to do使某人明确出某人相信的事或要做的事例： She says she will come， but I can nail her down to a specific time．她她来，可我无法她出确切的。
eater to sth.:try to satisfy a particular need or demand足某种需要和要求。
例： newspapers catering to people’s love of scandal迎合人看丑的
keep a tab／tabs on sth．／ sb． :keep account 0f sth．／ sb．： keep sb．／ sth．under observation某人的，某人(某物 ) 例： keep tabs 0n who’ s using the phone打人的名字
idyllic ( adj. ) :pastoral or picturesque；pleasing and simple 田园的；田园光的；生逼真的；朴宜人的
cynical ( adj.) :believing that people are notivated in all their actions only by selfishness；denying the sincerity of people's motives and actions， or the value of living玩世不恭的；世嫉俗的
obsess (v． ) :haunt or trouble in mind， esp. to an abnormal degree； preoccupy greatly使分心；使心神困(尤指精神反常、着迷) frailty ( n.) :the quality or condition of being frail；weakness(esp. moral weakness)脆弱性；虚弱性 (尤指意志薄弱 )
tramp ( n.) :the act of tramping； a journey on foot； hike 步行；徒步旅行
prospector ( n.) :a person who prospects for valuable ores， oil，etc． (藏等的 )勘探者；探者
starry— eyed ( adj.) :with the eyes sparkling in a glow of wonder， romance， visionary dreams， etc．于理想的；不切的；盲目的
acid— tongued ( adj.) :sharp，sarcastic in speech尖刻的
cynic ( n.) :a cynical person玩世不恭的人；好挖苦人的人；世嫉俗的人
navigable ( n.) :wide and deep enough， or free enough from obstructions，to be traveled on by vessels可行船的；可通航的；可航行的
attest ( n.) :serve as proof of；demonstrate； make clear作??的据，??作；；表明 artery ( n.) :a
main road or channel干，干道，大路；干渠
keelboat ( n.) :a large，shallow freight boat with a keel， formerly used on the Mississippi， Missouri， etc． (旧密西西比河、密西河等用的 )骨船
flatboat ( n.) :a boat with a flat bottom， for carrying freight in shallow waters or on rivers平底船
molasses ( n.) :a thick， usually dark brown syrup produced during／ he refining of sugar， or from sorghum， etc．糖蜜，糖
cub ( n.) :an inexperienced，awkward youth 浅的年人
cosmos ( n.) :the universe considered as a harmonious and orderly system宇宙
feud ( n.) :a bitter ， long— continued，and deadly quarrel， esp. between clans of families(尤指部落或家族的)世仇，累世宿仇，夙怨，期不和
lynch (v．) :[Am． ]murder(an accused person)by mob action and without lawful trial， as by hanging[美]私刑死
phonographic ( adj.) :[Am． ]of a phonograph or the sounds made by sb.美[]留声机的，唱机的
teem ( v． ) :be full， as though ready to bring forth young；abound； swarm 充；富于；大量地出；涌 flotsam
( n.) :transient， unemployed people；vagrants流离失所者，流浪者，游民；失者；被掉的人 hustler
( n.) :[Am． slang]a prostitute[美俚 ] 妓女
thug ( n.) :a rough，brutal hoodlum， gangster， robber， etc．棍；暴徒；盗
motley ( adj. ) :having or composed of many different or clashing elements；heterogeneous混乱的；乱的
succumb ( v． ) :① give way(to)； yield； submit ② die ①屈服，屈从 (常与 to 用 )②死
epidemic ( n.) :the rapid，widespread occurrence of a fad， fashion，etc． (尚、气、好等的)一流行，行
flirt ( v． ) :trifle or toy(with)玩弄，耍；做着玩；不真地待，不真地考(常与 with 用 )
colossal ( adj.) :1ike a colossus in size；huge； gigantic； enormous 巨大的，大的
rebuff ( v．) :check or repulse挫；阻止
broke (adj.) :[colloq．]having little or no money； bankrupt[口]无的，身无分文的；破了的 hone
(v． ) :sharpen with or as with a hone把??放在磨石上磨
scathing ( adj. ) : searing； withering； injurious；harsh or caustic的，尖刻的
sluggish ( adj. ) :slow or slow— moving；not active；dull(行 )慢的；的 sloth
( n.) :a lazy person
astound ( v． ) :bewilder with sudden surprise； astonish greatly； amaze 使震惊，使惊愕，使大吃一惊
tedious ( adj.) :long or verbose and vearisome； triesome； boring 冗乏味的；使人倦的；沉的
travelogue ( n.) :a lecture on travels, usually accompanied by the showing of pictures旅行座
Sultan ( n.) :a Moslem ruler 丹 (一些伊斯教国家治者的称号 )
debunk ( v． ) :[Am． colloq． ]expose the false or exaggerated claims， pretensions， glamour，etc． [美口 ]揭露，揭，揭穿
revere ( v． ) :regard with deep respect， love， and awe； venerate 尊敬，崇敬；敬畏
ingenuity ( n.) :the quality of being ingenious； cleverness， originality， skill， etc．机灵，机智，足智多；独性，造力；熟，巧妙
juvenile ( adj.) :young and youthful年的；青年的
pariah ( n.) :any person despised or rejected by others；outcast 社会所弃者；流浪者
puritanical ( adj.) :extremely or excessively strict in matters of morals and religion宗教 (或道德 )上极端拘
的 panorama ( n.) :an unlimited view in all directions全景；全
deplore ( v． ) :be regretful or sorry about懊悔，悔恨，??深感憾 sap
( v． ) :undermine in any way； weaken； exhaust削弱；耗竭 clamor
( n.) :a loud outcry； uproar 大声呼喊，喧嚷，喧，吵
robust ( adj. ) :strong and healthy；full of vigor；hardy 健壮的；精力充沛的
haunt ( v． ) :appear or recur repeatedly to， often to the point of obsession(思想、回等 )； ( 疾病等 )住
pneumonia ( n.) :inflammation or infection of the alveoli of the lungs of varying degrees of severity and caused by any of a number
of agents， such as bacteria or viruses肺炎．
meningitis ( n.) :inflammation of the meninges． esp. as the result of infection by bacteria or viruses脊膜
炎 epileptic ( n.) :a person who has epilepsy患者
pad ( v． ) :stuff， cover，or line with a pad or padding填塞；填
crater ( n.) :a bowl— shaped cavity， as at the mouth of a volcano or on the surface of the moon碗形洞 (如火山口、形山、月亮表面
的坑状地方 )
crumble ( v． ) :fall to pieces；disintegrate；decay破碎，破裂；使散，使瓦解，消
lament ( v.) :feel or express deep sorrow for； mourn or grieve for??而悲痛；哀悼；??而心短
(Expressions)
every bit:(infml)equalIy；entirely 完全，同地
例： He is every bit as mean as she ．is他与她同平庸。
in print:(of a book)available for sale from the publisher； (of a person’ s work)printed in a book， efc． (指 )可到，已出版例： It was the first time he had seen his work in print．是他第一次看自己的作品出版。
soak up:to receive and absorb stll．接受并吸收
例： That child soaks up new facts like a sponge!那孩子吸收新知像海似的!
succumb to: stop resisting；yield to， submit to 屈服，屈从
例： Several children have measles，and the others are bound to SUCcumb to it．有几个孩子患了麻疹，其他孩子也必然会
被染。
flirt with:to deal playfully or superficiMly with不真考、待
例： I am flirting with the idea of getting a job．我胡思乱想着要去找份工作。
of sorts: (derogative)of a poor or inferior type()差的，劣等
例： It was a meal of sorts， but nobody enjoyed it．勉算是一，都没有吃好。
au over:what one would expect 0f the person specified正像所的人一
例： That sounds like my sister all over．听起来跟我姐姐一模一。
in earnest: seriously， not jokingly地，真地
例： Both sides are deeply in earnest， with passions that approximate those of civil war。双方都很决真，像是鼓足要打一
内似的。
Unit 10 The Trial That Rocked the World
sweltering ( adj.) :that swelters or suffers from the heat； very hot； sultry 得昏的；酷
counsel ( n.) :a lawyer or group of lawyers giving advice about legal matters and representing clients in court律；法律；人
silvertongued ( adj.) :eloquent； persuasive雄的；口才流利的
orator ( n.) :a skilled， eloquent public speaker雄家
jury ( n.) :a group of people sworn to hear the evidence and inquire into the facts in a law case， and to give decision in accordance
with their findings 陪
erupt ( v．) :burst forth or out，as from some restraint；爆；出 clash
( n.) :a sharp disagreement；conflict 抵触；冲突；意不一致；立
fundamentalism ( n.) :religious beliefs based on a literal interpretation of everything in the Bible and regarded as fundamental to Christian faith and morals原教旨主 (相信《圣》所的的基督教信仰，反近代的教)
legislature ( n.) :a body of persons given the responsibility and power to make laws for a country or state(esp. the lawmaking body of a state， corresponding to the U． S． Congress)立法机构 (尤指美国的州会 )
prohibit ( v． ) :refuse to permit；forbid by law or by an order禁止；不准
legality ( n.) :quality， condition，or instance of being legal or lawful； conformity with the law 合法性
indict ( v． ) :accuse； charge with the commission of a cime; esp. make formal accusation against on the basis of positive legal evidence usually said of the action of a grand jury控告，控；指控，告，??起
prosecute (v． ) :institute legal proceedings against， or conduct criminal proceedings in court against??起
festoon ( v． ) :adorn or hang with festoons以 (或挂 )花彩，彩于
sprout (v． ) :grow or develop rapidly迅速生，迅速展
rickety ( adj.) :1iable to fall or break down because weak； shaky易倒的；易的；不的；不固的
evangelist ( n.) :anyone who evangelizes(esp. a traveling preacher or a revivalist)福音教士 (尤指巡回教者或信仰复者 )
exhort ( v．) :urge earnestly by advice，warning，etc．，告，戒
infidel ( n.) :a person who holds no religious belief无宗教信仰者，不信宗教
者 florid ( adj. ) : flushed with red or pink(said of the complexion)(色 )的
paunchy ( adj. ) :[derog. or humor](esp. of a man)having a fat stomach[或幽 ](尤指男性 )大腹便便的
attorney ( n.) :． any person legally empowered to act as agent for. or in behalf of， another(esp. a lawyer)(被当事人授的法律事中
的 )代理人
shrewd ( adj.) :keen—witted ， clever， astute or sharp in practical affairs机敏的；精明的；伶俐的
magnetic ( adj.) :vpowerfully attractive(said of a person， personality， etc． )有吸引力的；有魅力的(指人或个性等 )
steep ( v． ) :immense， saturate， absorb， or imbue(esp. used as steeped： thoroughly filled or familiar with)沉浸；埋于 (尤用作steeped in 充着；沉湎于；精通 )
agnostic ( n.) :a person who believes that the human mind cannot know whether there is a God or an ultimate cause，or anything beyond material phenomena；atheist 不可知者
growl (v．) :complain in an angry or surly manner牢腹地
spar ( v. ) :wrangle or dispute争；争吵
drawl ( v．) :speak slowly，prolonging the vowels慢慢吞吞地
bigotry ( n.) :the behavior，attitude， or beliefs of a bigot：intolerance；prejudice 偏的行 (或度、信念等 )；偏；固；偏 rampant
( adj. ) :spreading unchecked； widespread 蔓延的；猖獗的
faggot ( n.) :a bundle of sticks， twigs，or branches(esp. for use as fuel)柴捆；柴
把 contaminate ( v．) :make impure， infected， corrupt， etc．使感染，染，毒害
mammal ( n.) :any of a large class of warm— blooded. usually hairy vertebrates whose off springs are fed with milk secreted by female mammary glands哺乳物
snort ( v． ) :wave， shake. or exhibit in a menacing, challenging， or exultant way(威地、挑似地、狂喜地 )舞
denounce ( v． ) :condemn strongly as evil，指，痛斥
sonorous ( adj. ) :having a powerful， impressive sound(声音 )响亮的；洪亮的
reconcile ( adj. ) :settle(a quarrel，etc． )or compose(a difference， etc．)解；和；使一致；使相符 divine
( adj. ) :given or inspired by God； holy；sacred神授的，天的；神圣的
fervour ( n.) :great warmth of emotion； ardor； zeal；passion烈；情，心， arena
( n.) :any sphere of struggle or conflict争所；活所 prairie ( n.) :a large area of level
or slightly rolling grassland大草原
scorch (v．) :char，discolor， or damage the surface of sth. by superficial burning； burn； make a caustic attack on； assail scathingly； excoriate 焦；烤焦；挖苦；指 (或批 )
pop ( v．) :[colloq．]arise；happen or arrive unexpectedly[口 ]突然生，突然出，突然来到
duel ( n.) :any contest or encounter suggesting such a fight，usually between two persons(常指两人的 )争斗，冲突，斗争
hush ( n.) :absence of noise； quiet；silence寂静，平静，安静；默不作声，沉默
adjourn ( v. ) :close a session or meeting for the day or for a time休会，会；延期
swarm (v．) :be filled or crowded；teem(with) 充，被 ( 常与 with 用 )
hawker ( n.) :a person who hawks goods in the street； peddle；huckster(沿街叫的 )小
entrepreneur ( n.) :[Fr．]a person who organizes and manages a business undertaking．assuming the risk for the sake of the
profit[法 ] 企家
ape ( n.) :any of a family(Pongidae)of large， tailless monkeys that can stand and walk in an almost erect
position猿 ponder ( v． ) :weigh mentally； think deeply about；consider carefully默想；深思；考
)畏；抖，哆
cower ( v． ) :shrink and tremble， as from someone's anger， threats， or blow(因人怒、威或打而
sulphurous ( adj.) :violently emotional；heated； fiery 异常激的；激烈的；暴怒的
dispatch ( n.) :a news story sent to a newspaper，radio station， etc．， as by a special reporter or news agency(特派者或新社社、台的 )(新 )，文，通
yokel ( n.) :[a contemptuous term]a person living in a rural area； rustic；country bumpkin[ ]巴佬，土包子
perch ( v． ) :alight or rest on or as on a perch栖息；停歇；坐在高
gawk ( v． ) :stare like a gawk，in a stupid way(像呆子般 )呆呆地着，呆
wily ( adj.) :full of wiles； crafty； sly狡猾的；狡的；多端的
repel ( v．) :drive or force back； hold or ward off 退；抵住
fervent ( adj.) :having or showing great warmth of feeling；intensely devoted or earnest；ardent；passionate烈的，情的，
心的，深表的；烈的
Genesis ( n.) :the first book of the Bible，giving an account of the creation of the universe《世》 (《圣·旧》的首卷 ) snigger
( n.) :a sly，derisive， partly stifled laugh窃笑；暗笑
twirl (v． ) :rotate rapidly； spin(使 )快速旋， (使 )迅速
serpent ( n.) :a snake， esp. a large or poisonous one蛇(尤指大蛇或毒蛇)
livid ( adj.) :grayish—blue； pale； lead—colored青灰色的；色的
slur ( n.) :any remark or action that harms or is meant to harm someone's reputation；aspersion，reproach，stigma，etc．；辱；，中，破坏??的名誉
gavel ( n.) :a small mallet rapped on the table by a presiding officer in calling for attention or silence or by an auctioneer(会主席、法官或拍商用以敲桌子的 )小木槌，事槌
quell ( v． ) :crush；subdue； put an end to ；平息
hubbub ( n.) :a confused sound of many voices； noise；uproar； tumult 吵声，喧，喧；鼎沸；
forlorn (adj.) :abandoned or deserted被抛弃的；被弃的；孤独的，寂寞的／forlornly adv．
verdict ( n.) :the formal and unanimous finding of a jury on the matter submitted to them in a trial裁定；判
决 conviction ( n.) :a convicting 0r being convicted明有罪； (被)判罪；定罪
短(Expressions)
adhere to :continue to obey or maintain(esp， a rule，standard or belief)持，忠于
例： She adheres to her principles throughout her teaching career她.在整个教学生涯中始持自己的原。 take
on : begin to have呈
例： Her voice took on a troubled tone．她的声音里有些不安。
under way:begin，start(开始 )行，在前中。
例： We have several plans under way．我已将几划付施。
Unit 11 But What's a Dictionary For?
stature ( n.) :a person's bodily height；mental or moral quality，development，growth，or level of attainment，especially as worthy of esteem 身高；身材； (道德、精神等的 ) 展状况 (或水平 )
calamity ( n.) :any extreme misfortune bringing great loss and sorrow；disaster 极大的不幸，不幸事件；灾 deplorable
( adj.) :that can or should be deplored：lamentable； regrettable 可的；可惜的；令人惋惜的，令人憾的 flagrant
( adj.) :glaringly bad； notorious；outrageous罪昭彰的；臭名的，声名狼藉的
deluge ( n.) :an overwhelming，flood— like rush of anything洪水般的泛；蜂而至
monstrous ( adj.) :[colloq．]quite absurd， scandalous[口 ]极可笑的；极荒的 citation
( n.) :a passage cited； quotation 引文，引，，引句，引文段落 fraud ( n.) :criminal
deception欺，，欺
hoax ( n.) :mischievous trick played on sb．for a joke； cheat 弄，局
discrepancy ( n.) :1ack of agreement，or an instance of this； difference；inconsistency差异，差；不一致，不符合
interpose (v．) :introduce(a remark，opinion，etc．)into a conversation, debate，etc．；put in as an interruption插( )；提出 (异等 )；打断
extraneous ( adj.) :not truly or properly belonging：not essential 枝的；不重要的
tout ( v．) :[colloq．]praise or recommend highly; puff[口 ]高度价；分夸；吹捧
clout ( v． ) :[colloq． ]strike[口]；抨
buggy ( n.) :a light carriage pulled by one horse(一匹拉的 )便
philology ( n.) :the study of written records，esp. 1iterary texts．in order to determine their authenticity，meaning， etc．言学 (尤指原
文文学作品的研究 )
inseminate ( v． ) :implant(ideas，etc． )in(the mind， etc． )灌或播 (思想等 )
relegate ( v.) :assign to a class， sphere， realm， etc．；classify as belonging to a certain order of things把??人某 (或某属等 ) anthropologist ( n.) :a student of or specialist in the study of man. esp．of the variety，physical and cultural characteristics，distributions，customs，social relationships， etc．of mankind 人学者，人学家
unparalleled ( adj.) : 1.that has no parallel，equal，or counterpart；unmatched无双的；无比的 2.having no precedent or parallel；unheard — of 前所未有的，无前例的，空前的，所未的
pervasive ( adj.) :spreading through every part遍布的；充的
utilitarian ( adj.) :characterized by usefulness rather than by beauty， truth ，goodness用的；注重用的
unbuttoned ( adj.) :free or uncontrolled随便的；漫不心的
gibberish ( n.) :rapid and incoherent talk； unintelligible nonsense急促而不清楚的；胡言乱；莫名其妙的
caption ( v． ) :supply a heading or title，as of a newspaper or article在 (新、文章等 )上加章
coincidence ( n.) :an accidental and remarkable occurrence of events，ideas， etc．at the same time ， suggesting but lacking a casual relationship(事件、想法等 )巧合，偶合
cumbrous ( adj.) :burdensome，；unwieldy；clumsy累的；拖累的；麻的
literate ( adj.) :well— educated； showing extensive knowledge， learning or culture有文化
的 wager ( v.) :bet打
vanity ( n.) :the quality or fact of being vain，or excessively proud of oneself or one’s qualities or possessions：selfconceit自；自大；虚夸；虚荣心
abdicate ( v． ) :give up or neglect one's responsibility；fail to do one's duty放弃 (利、任等 )
pretentious ( adj.) :affectedly grand or superior的；做作的；虚的
obscure ( adj. ) :not clear； confusing不明白的；解的；模糊的
verbosity ( n.) :wordiness用多；
pivot ( n.) :a point， shaft， pin，etc． on which something turns枢；枢；支枢；支点
admonish ( n.) :caution against specific faults；warn； advise告；警告
infer ( v． ) :conclude or decide from something known or assumed；derive by reasoning； draw as a conclusion推，推断，推知
booby trap ( n.) :any scheme or device for tricking a person unawares陷阱
reticulate ( v． ) :divide into small squares or intersecting lines使分成小方格；使呈网
状 decussate ( v． ) :cross or cut so as to form an X(使 )交叉成 X 形；交叉
interstice ( n.) :a small 0r narrow space between things or parts隙，空隙
mesh ( n.) :a net or network 网；网
proliferation ( n.) :multiplying rapidly， increasing profusely激增；
demark ( v.) :set or mark the limits of; delimit 分解，定界，界
gyp ( v． ) :[Am． colloq．]swindle； cheat[美口 ]；欺；哄
contraption ( n.) :a contrivance， gadget or device，that one does not fully understand奇异的 (机械 )装置；新明的玩意儿
eradication ( n.) :the act or action of tearing out by the roots根除
inadequate ( adj.) :not adequate； not sufficient 不适当的；不充分的
meritorious ( adj.) :deserving reward， praise， etc．得励的；得表的短
(Expressions)
stick to: not abandon or change sth．； keep to sth．不放弃，持或持某事物
例： We don’ t want to hear your opinion；stick to the facts!我不想听你的想法，只事。
insofar as: to the extent that 到??的程度，在??的范内
例： This is the truth insofar as I know ．it就我所知，是真情况。
Unit 12 The Loons
pebble ( n.) : a small stone worn smooth and round，as by the action of water卵石；
scrub (adj. ) :short， stunted 矮小的；瘦小的
chokecherry ( n.) :a North American wild cherry tree美洲稠李
thicket ( n.) :a thick growth of shrubs， underbrush or small trees灌木丛，植丛
shack ( n.) :[Am． ]a small house or cabin that is crudely built and furnished； shanty[美]简陋的小屋；
棚屋 chink ( v． ) :close up the chinks in堵塞 (裂缝、缝隙 )
thigh ( n.) :part of the leg in man and other vertebrates between the knee and the hip； region of the thighbone， or femur 股，
大腿 chaos ( n.) :extreme confusion or disorder纷乱，混乱 (状态 )，无秩序
lean— to ( n.) :a shed with a one—slope roof， the upper end of the rafters resting against an external support， such as trees or the wall of a building 披屋，
warp ( v.) :bend, curve， or twist out of shape；distort 使翘
strand ( n.) :any of the bundles of thread，fiber， wire， etc．that are twisted together to form a length of string， rope， or cable(线、绳等的 )股
barbed wire ( n.) : [Am.]strands of wire twisted together。with barbs at regular， close intervals, used for fencing or military
barriers[美]带刺铁丝网
patois ( n.) :[Fr， ]a form of language， differing from the accepted standard， as a provincial or local dialect[法语 ]方言；
土语 obscenities ( n.) :[p1．]offensive， repulsive remarks or ideas[复 ]猥亵的话 (或念头 )；猥亵的动作
herring ( n.) :any of a family(Cluepidae)of bony fishes， including herring，shad，etc．鲱科鱼
lard ( n.) :the fat of hogs， melted down and clarified to become white． soft solid(esp. the inner abdominal fat)猪油
bruise ( n.) :injure the surface or the outside of so that there is spoilage， abrasion， denting， etc．擦伤 (表皮，表面 )；碰伤 (水
果、植物等 )
brawl ( n.) :a rough，noisy quarrel or fight大吵大闹；大打出手v
sporadic ( adj.) :not constant or regular零星的；时有时无的
tuberculosis ( n.) :an infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus and characterized by the formation of tubercles in various tissues of the body；tuberculosis of the lungs： pulmonary phthisis；consumption结核 ( 病)；痨病 ,肺痨 ; 肺结核 grimy ( adj.) : covered with or full of grime； very dirty 积满圬垢的，肮脏的
flare ( v．) :show sudden increased heat， anger or violence(up)(与 up 连用 )突然激动；骤然发怒
dickens inter ( j.) :[colloq．]devil；deuce(used with the in mild oaths)[口 ]见鬼，该死；倒霉，晦气(与定冠词 the 连用，表示轻微的诅
咒)
contagious ( adj.) :spread by direct or indirect contact(said of disease)(疾病 )接触传
染的 nit ( n.) :the egg of a louse。r similar insect虱子或其他寄生虫的卵
cameo ( n.) :a carving in relief on certain stratified gems or shells so that the raised design，often a head in profile, is usually in a different color from the background石雕；贝雕；凸雕
mauve (adj.) :pale purple 淡紫色的
stifle ( v.) :suppress；repress； hold back； check抑制
muse ( v.) :think deeply and at length沉思，冥想
miraculously ( adv． ) :1ike a miracle奇迹般地；不可思
austere ( adj.) : very plain； lacking ornament or luxury简朴的，朴素的；无装饰的，不奢华的
filigree ( n.) :a delicate， lacelike ornamental work of interwined wire of gold， silver， etc．金 (银、铜 )丝的细工饰品
spruce ( n.) : any of a genus(Picea)of evergreen trees of pine family，having slender needles that are rhombic in cross section石杉属
树 fern ( n.) :any of widespread class(Filicineae)of nonflowering plants having roots，tems，and fronds，and reproducing by Spores instead of by seeds蕨纲植物
raspberry ( n.) :the small，juicy，edible，aggregate fruit of various brambles(genus Rubus)of the rose family．Consisting of a
cluster or red，purple， or black drupelets悬勾子属植
miniature ( adj.) :on or done on a very small scale；diminutive；minute 小型的，微型的；袖珍的
squirrel ( n.) :any of a group of small， treedwelling rodents(family Sciurdae)with heavy fur and a long， bushy tail松鼠
tame (adj.) : changed from a wild state， domesticated state． as animals trained for use by man or as pets(动物 )养服了的，驯
养的 moose ( n.) :the large animal(Alces)of the deer family， native to the N． America 美洲驼鹿
antler ( n.) :the branched， deciduous horn of any animal of the deer family鹿角
fissure ( v． ) :break into parts； crack or split apart(使 )分裂 ,(使 )裂开
meticulously (adv． ) :extremely or excessively carefully about details， finically 过分注意细节地；谨小慎微地；过
细地 tote ( v.) :[Am． colloq．]carry or haul，esp. in the arms or on the back[美口 ]手提；背负；携带；搬运 scuff
( v．) :scrape(the ground，floor， etc． )with the feet 以脚擦 (地 )
bizarre (adj.) :odd in manner， appearance, etc；. grotesque；queer； fantastic； eccentric(举止、外表等 )稀奇古怪的，奇形怪
状的 prophetess ( n.) :a female prophet女先知，女预言者
impart ( v． ) :make known； tell；reveal 通知，公告，告诉；透露
whippoorwill ( n． ) :a grayish， insect— eating goatsucker (Caprimulgus vociferus)of ．NAmerica，related to the nightjar and active at night 北美夜鹰
coyote ( n.) :a small wolf(Canis latrans)of the western prairies of ．NAmerica(产于北美西部大草原的)小狼，郊狼，丛林狼
lore ( n.) :knowledge of learning；specifically，all the knowledge of a particular group or having to do with a particular subject，esp. that of a traditional nature 学问；知识 (尤指某门学科的知识 )
dogged ( adj.) :not giving in reality； persistent；stubborn 不轻易让步的；顽强的；固执的，顽固的，执拗
的 bracken ( n.) :growth of large， coarse， weedy ferns 欧洲蕨 amber ( n.) :a brownish— yellow
translucent color琥珀色，淡黄色
ululate ( v.) :wail， lament 嗥；嚎；吠
aeon ( n.) :(=eon)an extremely long，indefinite period of time， thousands and thousands of years； a billion years极长的时期；永世，万古
chipmunk ( n.) :any of a number of small N．American squirrels(genera Eutamias and Tamias)with striped markings on the head and back 金花鼠 (北美产的一种小松鼠 )，豹鼠
birch ( n.) :any of a genus(Betula)of trees and shrubs of northern climates, having smooth bark easily peeled off in thin sheets，and hard，close—grained wood 桦木
immerse ( v.) : plunge into a specified state； absorb deeply： engross使专心，使全神贯注，使沉浸于；使陷人
)自动电唱机
jukebox ( n.) :a coin—operated record player used in restaurants， bars， etc.(旅馆、酒吧间用的投币式
chrome ( n.) : chromium or chromium alloy， esp. as used for plating铬；铬合金
astound ( v. ) :bewilder with sudden surprise：astonish greatly；amaze 使震惊，使惊愕，使大吃一惊
stolid ( adj.) :having or showing no emotion or sensibility; impassive不易激动的；感觉迟钝的
carmine ( n.) :a red or purplish— red pigment obtained mainly from cochineal洋红；胭脂红
frizzily ( adj.) :(=frizzly)full of or covered with small. tight curls满是卷结的；有卷发的，(头发 )卷 (曲 )的
perm ( v.) :[colloq.]give a permament wave to[口 ]烫 (发 )
teeter ( v. ) :totter； wobble；waver 步履不稳地走动
jerkwater (adj.) :[colloq． ]small and unimportant[口 ](微 )小的，不重要的
confide ( v．) :tell or talk about as a secret倾诉；告以 (机密等 )；吐露 (真情等 )
blur ( v． ) :make or become dim or dull使( 或变得 )暗淡，模糊不清
despise ( v． ) :look down on with contempt and scorn轻视 , 藐视，蔑视，鄙视
biddy ( n.) :[Am． slang]a woman， esp. an elderly woman regarded contemptuously as eccentric，gossipy， etc． [美俚 ]女人 (尤指上年纪的、古怪的、爱闲聊的女人 )
fella ( n.) :[slang]a person；one；fellow[俚 ]人；家伙
classy ( adj.) :[slang]first— class， esp. in style or manner； elegant；fine[俚 ](尤指风度、举止、仪表等)上等的，第一流的，极好的；
雅致的，漂亮的，时髦的；优美的，典雅的
perturb ( v． ) :cause to be alarmed， agitated，or upset；disturb or trouble greatly使不安；烦扰
gauche ( adj.) :[Fr． ]lacking grace, esp. social grace；awkward； tactless[法语 ]不雅致的 (尤指不善交际的、无社交手腕的)；粗鲁的；
笨拙的，不老练的
slattern ( n.) : woman who is careless and sloppy in her habits。appearance， work， etc．邋遢女人；懒
女人 brew ( n.) :a beverage that has been brewed酿造液； (酿造、调制出的 )饮料
neon ( n.) :a rare ，colorless， and inert gaseous，chemical element． found in small quantities in the earth's atmosphere and used in discharge tubes氖
短语(Expressions)
get mixed up in sth． :(infml)become involved in or connected with sth．和某事有牵连
例： I don’ t want to get mixed up in your affairs．我可不想牵连到你们俩的事情中去。
hit out(at sb．／ sth． ):attack sb．／ sth． vigorously or violently with words or blows猛烈地抨击或打击(某 )／物 ) 例： In a rousing speech the_President hit out against the trade u nion．主席在一次言辞激烈的讲话中对工会进行了严厉的批评。
flare up:(of an illness)recur or show sudden burst of light． anger or violence突然激动、发怒等或(指疾病 )复发
例： He flares up at the slightest provocation．稍微一激他，他就大发脾气。 My back trouble has flared up again．我的后背又疼起来了。
win hands down:(infml)win easily，by a large margin轻易获胜
例： The local team won hands down．主队以悬殊的比分获胜。
set about:start doing sth． (不用于被动语态)着手做某事
例： I don’ t know how to set about this job．这工作我不知该如何人手。
not giVe a shit(about sb．／ sth． ):not care at all 毫不关心
例： He doesn’ t give a shit about anybody else．他对别人漠不关心
Unit 13 Britannia Rues the Waves
Britannia ( n.) :[poetic]Great Britain or the British Islands[诗] 大不列颠；不列颠群
岛 rue ( v.) :repent of； regret having entered into： wish nonexistent懊悔；抱憾
deficit ( n.) :the amount by which a sum of money is less than the required amount亏空，亏损；赤
字 peril ( n.) :exposure to harm or injury； danger；jeopardy(严重的 )危险；冒险
undercut (v．) :sell goods more cheaply or work for smaller wages than(sb．doing the same)；sell at lower prices or work at lower wages than 比以别人低的价格出售 (商品 )；索价低于他人
tonnage ( n.) :the total amount of shipping of a country or port， calculated in tons(一国或一港口的)船舶总吨数
cartel ( n.) :an association of industrialists， business firms. etc． for establishing a national or international monopoly by price fixing， ownership of controlling stock， etc．[经]卡特尔
dodgy ( adj.) :[BrE]risky and possibly dangerous[英]冒险的；危险的
scramble ( n.) :rough struggle； a disorderly struggle or rush争夺，抢
夺
quadruple ( v.) :make or become four times as much or as many；multiply by four(使 )成四倍；以
四乘 plummet ( v.) :drop drastically垂直落下；骤然跌落
estuary ( n.) :an inlet or arm of the sea； the wide mouth of a river where the tide meets the current(江河人海的 )河口，港湾
moth— ball ( n.) :①marble— sized balls of naphthalene. stored with clothes (esp．woolens)to repel moths；② the state of being stored， or kept in existence but not used①樟脑丸；卫生球②封存；保藏
slump ( n.) :a decline in business activity， price， etc． (物价等 )暴跌； (市场等 )萧条
doldrums ( n.) :low spirits；dull， gloomy， listless feeling情绪低落，意志消沉；忧闷，忧郁，
忧愁 pinch ( n.) :a painful， difficult， or straitened circumstance困苦的处境，贫困的境地
entrench ( v．) :establish securely(used in passive voice or with a reflexive pronoun)确保 (地位等 )；确立 (用于被动语态或与反身代词连用)
inroad ( n.) :(usu．pl． )injurious intrusion on or into； influence of one party that undermines that of another(通常为复数 )损害，侵蚀 buoyancy ( n.) :the property(as of price or business activity)of maintaining a satisfactory high level(物价 )上涨的趋向； (生意 )兴盛的趋向 rouble ( n.) :the monetary of the former Soviet Union卢布 (前苏联货币单位 )
sterling ( n.) :British money英国货币
mercantile ( adj. ) :of or characteristic of merchants or trade； commercial商人的；贸易的；商
业的 perimeter ( n.) :the outer boundary of a figure or area； circumference周；周边；周围
hydrographic ( adj.) :of the study，description，and mapping of oceans，lakes，and rivers，esp. with reference to their navigational and
)
commercial uses水文学的；水文测验学的；水文地理学的 (尤指水道测量学
ailing (adj.) :in poor health； sickly患病的；病痛的
churn ( adj.) :(used in churn out)produce a large quantity of sth．; produce in quantity without quality；produce in a regular flow without much thought or expression， usu．with some abundance(用于 churn out)大量生产出；大量地粗制滥造；大量写出
短语(Expressions)