英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing.
（动名词）
To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （I t形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.
表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t lo ok it. （代词）
Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词）
His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）
The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）
（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，sm ell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,
remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾
I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said?（宾语从句）
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many roc ks.
3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she d idn’t come here. （名）
We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）
Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repair ed. （过去分词）
主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）
We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）
The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in h er arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）
The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）
I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）
You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）
状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
（以下例句按上述顺序排列）
I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meettingroom.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to le arn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of y ou very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well.
句子结构
简单句的五个基本句型
主语＋不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches.
主语＋及物动词＋宾语 She likes English.
主语＋系动词＋主语补语 She is happy．
主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 She gave John a book．
She bought a book for me.
主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语 She makes her mother angry．
The teacher asked me to read the passage.
（ There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）
Exercises
分析下列句子成分
1. Our school is not far from my home.
2. It is a great pleas ure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest.
4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5. He broke a piece of glass.
6. He made it clear that he wou ld leave the city．
7. ---I love you more than her，child ． 8. Tees turn green when spring comes.
9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interes ting story last night.
11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the stude nts think highly of his teaching
13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song.
15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．16.We will make our school more beautiful.
17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know． 18. She showed us her many of her pictures.
19. The old man lives a lonely life.
20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.
21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．
22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．
23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this mo nth.
24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the peo ple want us to do.
26. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. Would you please p ass me the cup?
28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the late st news about him?
30. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.
翻译练习：
主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）
1你应当努力学习。 2她昨天回家很晚。
3那天早上我们谈了很多。 4会议将持续两个小时。
5在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
6这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。
7 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。
8每天八时开始上课。 9这个盒子重五公斤。
10五年前我住在北京。
主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）
1昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3这本书他读过多次了。 4他们成功地完成了计划。
5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 6那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
7我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。
8 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。
9我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。
10他不知道说什麽好。
主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋表语）
1我的兄弟都是大学生。 2冬季白天短，夜晚长。
3布朗夫人看起来很健康。 4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
5孩子们，请保持安静。 6这本书是有关美国历史的书。
7她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 8他失业了。
9树叶已经变黄了。 10这个报告听起来很有意思。
双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。
4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？
5. 他把车票给列车员看。
6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。
7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。
9. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？ 10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
复合宾语结构（主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
1我们叫她Alice. 2他的父母给他取名为John.
3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 4他们把门推开了。
5他们把小偷释放了。 6我们要使学校变得更美丽。
7他请我们参加做游戏。 8我要你把真相告诉我。
9卫兵命令我们立即离开。 10明天我要找人来修理机器。
11每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 12痛苦使得他叫喊起来。
13我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 14他每个月理一次发。
15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。 16那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了
17她正在听人家讲故事。 18男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。
19我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 20他感到很难跟你交谈。
21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 22我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。
23学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。 24我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。
There be 句型
1今晚没有会。 2这个村子过去只有一口井。
3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。
5天气预报说下午有大风。 6灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。
7战前这儿一直有家电影院的。 8恰好那时房里没人。
9从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 10公共汽车来了。
11就只剩下二十八美元了。 12在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。
13铃响了。 14二月份有二十八天。
KEYS
分析下列句子成分
1. 主语＋系动词＋表语
2. 主语＋系动词＋表语
3. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
4. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
5. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语
6. 主语＋动词＋形式宾语 it＋宾语补足语+宾语
7. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语 8. 主语＋系动词＋表语
9. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 10. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
11. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 12 主语＋及物动词＋宾语
13. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语 14. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语15. 主语＋系动词＋表语 16. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语17. 主语＋系动词＋表语 18. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语19. 主语＋不及物动词 20. 主语＋不及物动词
21. 主语＋系动词＋表语 22. 主语＋系动词＋表语
23. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语 24. 主语＋不及物动词
25. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语 26. 主语＋不及物动词
27. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 28. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
29. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语 30. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
翻译练习：
主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）
1You should study hard.
2 She went home very late yesterday evening.
3That morning we talked a great deal.
4The meeting will last two hours.
5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
6Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.
7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.
8Classes begin at eight every day.
9This box weighs five kilos.
10 I lived in Beijing five years ago.
主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）
1.I wrote a letter last night.
2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3.He has read this book many times.
4.They have carried out the plan successfully.
5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.
6.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.
7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.
8.Jim cannot dress himself.
9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
10.He did not know what to say.
主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋主语补语）
1 My brothers are all college students.
2 In winter, the days are shor t and the nights are long.
3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of fifteen he became a fam ous pianist.
5 Children, keep quiet please.
6 This book is about the history of the United States.
7Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8He is out of w ork.
9The leaves have turned yellow. 10The report sounds interesting.
双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
1 Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
2 Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
3 Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.
4 Would you please pass me the dictionary?
5 He showed the ticket to the conductor.
6 This term I have written three letters to my parents.
7 My father has bought me a new bike.
8 Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.
9 Will you please get me a new copy?
10 Shall I call you a taxi?
复合宾语结构（主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语）
1We call her Alice. 2His parents named him John.
3All of us considered him honest. 4 hey pushed the door open.
5They have set the thief free. 6 We will make our school more beau tiful.
7He asked us to join in the game. 8 I want you to tell me the trut h.
9The guards ordered us to leave at once. 10Tomorrow I’ll have someo ne repair the machine.
11Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 12The pain made him c ry out.
13We won’t let her go out at night. 14He has his hair cut once a m onth.
15I’ll get my recorder mended. 16The terrible sound made the chil dren frightened. 17She is listening to someone telling stories. 18he boys were watching the soldiers drilling.
19I have never seen the word used that way before. 20He felt it very d ifficult to talk with you.
21I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.
22I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.
23The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when cla ss begins.
24I thought it no use talking with that man
There be 句型
1There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.
2There was only a well in the village.
3There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school. 4Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.
5The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon. 6
6The light is on. There must be someone ion the office.
7There used to be a cinema here before the war.
8There happened to be nobody in the room.
9Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
10There comes the bus.
11There remained just twenty-eight dollars.
12In front of the cave, there stands(grows) a tall pine tree. 13There goes the bell.
14There are twenty-eight days in February
句子成分分析 在句中起着不同语法作用的成分，叫做句子成分。英语的句子成分有九种： 1、主语（subject）表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”，是谓语的陈述对象； 通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等担任： The sun rises in the east. 日出东方。（名词） He hated to see any bird killed.他讨厌看到鸟儿被杀。（代词） To see is to believe.眼见为实。（动词不定式） Seeing is believing.眼见为实。（动名词） Where we shall hold the party is not decided yet.我们还没有决定在何处举行晚会。（主语从句） It’s human to want something better.精益求精是人类的特性。（不定式） 2、谓语动词（predicate verb）说明主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词短语担任： We study English.我们学习英语。（动词） The car broke down on the way.车在路上抛锚了。（动词短语） Do be quiet,children.孩子们，务必安静点。（助动词+连系动词） We are having a meeting now.我们现在正在开会。（助动词+实义动词） Soldiers must obey orders.军人必须服从命令。（情态动词+实义动词） 3、表语（predicative）说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，与连系动词一起构成复合谓语，通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等担任： The next stop is the zoo.下一站是动物园。（名词） The game is yours.你（们）胜了。（代词） I was first! 我第一名！（数词） I feel terrible.我难受的厉害。（形容词） Is your mother in?你妈妈在家吗？（副词） I’m with you.我站在你这一边。（介词短语） Mary’s task is to set the table.玛丽的任务是摆桌子。（动词不定式） Her hobby is growing roses.她的爱好是种植玫瑰。（动名词） The situation is puzzling.形式令人迷惑不解。（现在分词） Do you feel satisfied with the arrangement?你对这安排满意吗？（过去分词） The fact is that they are cross with each other.事实是他们生彼此的气。（表语从句） That’s where you are wrong.这就是你错的地方（表语从句） He is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的他了。（表语从句） 4、宾语（object）表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容，或用于介词后构成介词短语；通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等担任： May I have your attention ,please.请大家注意。（名词） I want a little.我要一点。（代词） I need two.我需要两个。（数词） Hope to see you soon.希望能很快见到你。（动词不定式） They risk losing everything.他们冒着失去一切的危险。（动名词） He insisted on seeing her home.他坚持送她回家。（动名词作介词的宾语） I’ll do what I can.我将尽力而为。（从句）
英语句子基本结构 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下： S十V主谓结构 S十V十F主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾 语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾 语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下： 1．S十V句式 在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。例如： He runs quickly．他跑得快。 They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country．中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out．煤气用完了。 My ink has run out．我的钢笔水用完了。 2．S十V十P句式 在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如： He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。 He seen interested in the book．他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nicc．花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still．他静静地站看。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up．他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country．他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例如： He looked me up and down．他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant．他伸出手来摸象。 They are tasting the fish．他们在品尝鱼。 They grow rice in their home town．他们在家乡种水稻。 He's got a chair to sit on．他有椅子坐。
一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解： （一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 找出下列句中的主语： Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
中考英语句子成分分析 1.英语句子成分讲座·主语 句子一般要有主语。在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语)来充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用it作形式主语。 ■名词作主语 English is very important.英语是很重要的。 The students all love their English teacher.这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。 ■代词作主语 They go to school by bus.他们乘公共汽车上学。 Most of the students come from the countryside.大多数学生来自农村。 ■动名词作主语 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。 It’s no use regretting it.后悔是无用的。 ■动词不定式(短语)作主语 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 It is very hard to get to sleep.入睡很难。 2.英语句子成分讲座·谓语 谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 ■及物动词作谓语 We should help each other.我们应该互相帮助。
They respect one another.他们互相尊重(对方)。 All of the students like the novel.所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。 Did you see many people there?你在那儿看见许多人了吗? ■不及物动词作谓语 He left here yesterday.他昨天离开这儿。 You’re driving too fast.你开车开得太快了。 The teacher came in, book in hand.老师走进教室，手里拿着书。 He went abroad in the September of 1988.他于1988年9月出国。 ■连系动词表状态 He is an excellent teacher.他是位优秀的教师。 Her son is a friend of ours.她的儿子是我们的朋友。 Ours is a great country.我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。 The box itself is not so heavy.箱子本身并不重。 3.英语句子成分讲座·表语 表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如： They are brother and sister.他们是兄妹。 What I want to say is this.我想说的就是这点。 Her father is sixty-five.她父亲65岁。 John is captain of the team.约翰是足球队的队长。 The poor boy was myself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练 习 主语（subject ）:句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） Tvventy years is a short time in history.（数词） To see is to believe ? （不定式） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It 形式主语，主语从句是真正主 语） 谓语（predicate ）:说明主语的动作、状态和特 征。 表语（predicative ）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 Seventy-four! You don' t look it.（代词） Five and five is ten.（数词） He is asleep.（形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. （介词短语） My v/atch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To v/ear a flower is to say " I' m poor, I can' t buy a ring.（不；卫式） The question is v/hether they vnll come. （表语从句） 常见的系动词有： be, sound （听起来），look （看起来），feel （摸起来，smell （闻起来）,taste （尝、吃起来）， remain （保持，仍是）,feel （感觉）??? 宾语: 1） 动作的承受者动宾 I like China.（名词） He hates you.（代词） How many do you need? We need two ?（数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动需词） I hope to see you again.（不立式） Did you write dov/n v/hat he said?（宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词…介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks ? 3） 双宾语…-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn' t come here.（名） We will make them happy.（形容词）We found nobody in.（副词） We study English. He is asleep. He likes dancing. Seeing is believing ? What he needs is a book. （代词） （动名词） （主语从 He is a teacher. （名词） It sou nds a good idea ? Her voice sounds sweet ? The food smells delicious. The door remains open. The sou nd sounds stra nge. Tbm looks thin. The food tastes good ? Nov/1 feel tired.
一、句子成分(M e m b e r s o f a S e n t e n c e) 英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”、“同位语”和“独立成分”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系，能用作独立成分的有：感叹词、呼语和插入语。 1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构有：①名词②代词③数词④名词化的形容词（如the rich）⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦主语从句等表示。例如：Tom is a clever boy.（专有名词人名作主语） 画出句子的主语，并说明其构成方式： ①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ②We often speak English in class. ③One-third of the students in this class are girls. ④To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ⑤Smoking does harm to the health. ⑥The rich should help the poor. ⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ⑧It is necessary to master a foreign language. ⑨That he isn’t a t home is not true. 正确运用主语的各种形式 2.谓语：谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
人教版新目标初中英语语法知识-词类、句子成分和构词法 一）词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词 ( n.) ：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词 ( pron.) ：主要用来代替名词。 如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词 ( adj..) ：表示人或事物的性质或特征。 如：good, right, white, orange. 4、数词 ( num.) ：表示数目或事物的顺序。 如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词 ( v.) ：表示动作或状态。 如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词 ( adv.) ：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词, 说明时间、地点、程度等。 如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 6、冠词 ( art. .) ：用在名词前 , 帮助说明名词。 如：a, an, the. 7、介词 ( prep.) ：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如：in, on, from, above, behind. 8、连词 ( conj.) ：用来连接词、短语或句子。 如：and, but, before . 9、感叹词 ( interj..) 表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。 如：oh, well, hi, hello. 二）、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物, 回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如： I ’mMiss Green.( 我是格林小姐 ) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态 , 回答“做 ( 什么 ) ”。主要由动词担任。 如：Jack cleans the room every day.( 杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后, 说明主语的身份或特征, 回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 如：My name is Ping ping .( 我的名字叫萍萍) 3、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果, 回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.( 他能拼这个词) 4、有些及物动词带有两个宾语, 一个指物 , 一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语, 指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . ( 他给我写了一封信 )
中考英语句子结构与成分真题汇编(含答案) 一、句子结构与成分 1．Could we meet at the school gate at 8 a.m.?（选出主语） A. we B. meet C. the school gate D. 8 a.m. 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我们能在学校门口早上八点钟见吗？句子的主语通常在谓语的前面，是谓语动词陈述的对象，可知此句的主语明显是we，故选A。 【点评】此题考查句子的成分。根据句子的结构和划线部分在句子的位置确定找出的成分是什么。 2．Which of the following sentences is correct? A. He came in and sat down. B. We all like
句子成分 不同词类的单词，按照一定的语法规则组合在一起，能够表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫句子，一个句子由各种功能不同的部分组成，这些部分叫做句子成分。英语的句子成分有7种，主语，谓语，表语，宾语，定语，状语，补语。它的构成方法与中文很象，中文分：主，谓，宾，定，状，补，六类，再加上表语就形成了英文的形式。 下面主要是从词类的角度来分析句子成分： 一．主语 句子所要说明的人或者事物，是句子的主体，通常放与句首，一般不省略，可以担当主语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式，动名词和主语从句。下面依次举例： Walls have ears. He will take you to the hospital. Three plus four equals seven. To see is to believe. Smoking is not allowed in public places. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 二．谓语动词 说明主语动作或者状态的句子成分，一般又实义动词或者系动词担任，助动词和情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也可以构成谓语动词 Actions speak louder than words The chance may never come again. Tom was very sick at heart. Mary has been working at the dress store since 1994. 注意：英语中最基本的原则就是：一句话，只能有一个谓语动词 三．表语（现代某些语法书直接把表语归类到了补语当中） 是用来说明主语的身份，特征和状态，它的位置在系动词之后。可作表语的有名词，代词，形容词与分词，数词，动词不定式与动名词，介词短语，副词以及表语从句。下面依次举例：My father is a professor. Who’ that? It’s me. Everything here is dear to her. The match became very exciting. The story of my life may be of help to others. Three times five is fifteen. His plan is to seek work in the city. My first idea was that you should hid your feelings. 四．宾语 宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。英语介词后也会跟宾
译林版中考英语中考英语总复习句子结构与成分 一、句子结构与成分 1．I feel very lonely, and my eyes fill with tears. （选出表语） A. feel B. lonely C. my eyes D. fill 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：我感到很孤独，我的眼中充满泪水。feel，感觉，系动词，后面跟形容词作表语，lonely意为孤单的，形容词，作表语。故选B。 【点评】此题考查句子的结构成分。根据句子的结构确定每个划线部分在句子中充当的成分，选出正确答案。 2．John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。故答案为D。 【点评】考查句子成分。牢记句子成分。 3．Choose the correct structure（结构） of this sentence "He lent me a book." A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。he为主语S；lent为谓语V；me为间接宾语IO; a book为直宾DO。故结构为S+V+IO+DO。故选B。 【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。 4．This cake is really big. _______ share it. A. May be we can B. We may be can C. Maybe we can D. Maybe can we 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意“蛋糕真的很大，也许我们可以分享它”。maybe为副词，也许，可能，放于句首。may be中may是情态动词，be是动词原形，为系表结构，译为“也许是，可能是”。根据句意，故选C。 【点评】此题考查简单句和副词的用法。 5．What is the sentence pattern（句型）of the sentence"Linda bought a book yesterday."？A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V +IO +DO D. S+V+O+OC 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意："Linda bought a book yesterday."属于哪种句型。A是主谓结构；B 是主谓宾结构；C是主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；D是主谓+宾语+宾补。Linda是主语（S）；bought是谓语动词（V），a book是宾语（O）；故答案为C。 【点评】考查简单句的基本结构。
第一章句子成分和简单句基本句型 一、句子成分 构成篇章的基本单位是句子，组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分都是由单词、短语或从句充 其中，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。表语、宾语和补足语是谓语的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的修饰部分。 二、充当句子成分的各种形式 主语:主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等来担任。 1.名词 All efforts will be in vain if we can‘t learn English by practicing repeatedly. 如果我们不通过反复练习来学习英语，所有的努力将付之东流。 2.数词 Two thirds of them can play more than one musical instrument.他们中有2/3的人不只能演奏一种乐器。 3.代词 Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？ 4.不定式 To see is to believe.眼见为实 It‘s an honor to make a speech here. 在这里发言我很荣幸。 5.动名词 In my opinion, cloning should be dealt with carefully. 我认为应该慎重对待克隆。 6.名词化的形容词或分词 The old should be respected.老人因该受到尊重。 The disabled will receive more money. 残疾人会收到更多的钱。 7.名词性短语 The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.老师和同学们要去参观博物馆。 8.主语从句 What he said didn‘t agree with what he did. 他的言行不一。 主语从句常使用it 作形式主语。 It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny‘s birthday party or not. It happened that he was out when I got there. 当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在。 考查对句中主语的确定 【技巧点拨】 1．对句中主语的考查通常出现在强调句型中，即― It is/ was + 主语（强调部分）+ that+谓语部分‖。注意充当主语的应该是名词、代词、名词性词组或名词性从句。动词原形，介词词组或一个具有完整意义但缺少连词的简单句都是不能充当主语的。 2.句中的主语直接决定了谓语动词的单复数。对主语的确定不能被一些表象所迷惑。尤其要能辨识下面这种现象，即当主语后面跟有as well as, along with, together with, like ,but, except, in addition to 等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。 It was ____ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons. A. to have played B. playing C. played D. having played
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 简单句的五个基本句型 主语＋不及物动词She came．. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English. 主语＋系动词＋主语补语 She is happy． 主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 She gave John a book． She bought a book for me. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语 She makes her mother angry． The teacher asked me to read the passage. （There +be There lies a book on the desk. 主谓宾 名／代－－动词－－名／代 we-- saw --you. we-- did --the work. 主系表 名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词 you are beautiful you seems worried. you are a stufent. 相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种： 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。 如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 如：He works hard .(他工作努力)
中考英语句子结构与成分专题经典 一、句子结构与成分 1．Gina's books _______ in the room. A. is everywhere B. are everywhere C. is at everywhere D. are at everywhere 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：Gina的书在房间里到处都是。主语是Gina's books，复数，用are，everywhere是一个副词，前面不需要用介词，故选B。 【点评】考查主系表结构。牢记主谓一致，并注意everywhere的用法。 2．If you go there, you can ______. A. by bus B. go on foot C. take with a car D. by train to go 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】根据句子成分，on foot作go的方式状语，其他选项句子成分错误，故选B。 【点评】考查句子成分结构。 3．He was also famous philosopher. （选出定语） A. He B. also C. famous D. philosopher 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：他是如此著名的哲学家。定语是来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质和特征的，famous，著名的，形容词，作定语修饰名词philosopher哲学家，故选C。 【点评】此题考查句子成分。根据要确定的句子成分，分析句子结构，选出正确答案。 4．They ________ take a short rest. A. stopped to B. stop C. stopped D. stopping
目标满分班名师培优精讲 第1 讲 【教学标题】 英语句子成分 【教学目标】 让学生完全掌握英语句子的成分问题，使学生能够更好的理解句子结构 【教学重点】 1.句子成分的划分 2.句子的主要成分 3.句子的次要成分 4.作各个成分相应的词性 【教学难点】 1.句子的主要成分 2.状语的识别 3.定语的识别 4.宾语补足语 【教学内容】 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分：主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 A.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当.
例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） The students all love their English teacher. We often speak English in class.（代词） They go to school by bus. One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） To see is to believe. Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. It’s no use regretting it. The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）B.谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。注意动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语，不能作谓语。 一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当。 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 1、可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 （1）、及物动词作谓语 We should help each other.
句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语 主要成分：主语和谓语 1、主语 是动作或状态的主语。主语的位置：一般位于句首 由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词和从句充当。 The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 What we shall do next is not yet decided. 从句充当主要 2、谓语 表示主语的动作或状态. 动词由动词或动词短语充当 谓语动词有人称、数、时态、语态的变化。 分析句子的主语和谓语 His parents are teachers. 系动词和表语构成谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. 行为动词做谓语 He can play the piano. 情态动词和行为动词构成谓语 We have finished reading the book. 助动词和实义动词构成谓语 3、宾语 是动作的对象或承受者。及物动词必须跟宾语. 对谓语对的进一步解释说明及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词. 不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词. 宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成. I saw a plane in the sky just now.名词做宾语 We often help him. 代词做宾语 He likes to play basketb all. 不定式做宾语 I want three.数词做宾语 I enjoy going shopping.动名词做宾语 He said that he felt sick.从句做宾语
中考英语句子结构与成分专题训练答案 一、句子结构与成分 1．You may know all the words on the right, but which of the following carries meaning? A. A friend self is a second. B. A second is self a friend. C. A friend is a second self. D. Self a second is a friend. 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：你可能知道右面所有的单词，但是下列哪个句子是有意义的？second，第二个；friend，朋友；self，你自己；a，不定冠词表示数量一；C为正确选项，意为：朋友是另一个自己。故选C。 【点评】考查连词成句。先确定句意，根据语法知识将词连接成句。 2．—What an interesting story she told us! —Yes, and her voice sounded ________. A. sweet B. small C. clearly D. sadly 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊！——是的，她的声音听起来很甜美。sweet甜的；small小的；clearly清楚地；sadly伤心地。sound是系动词，后跟形容词，故选A。 【点评】考查系表结构。 3．Choose the correct structure（结构） of this sentence "He lent me a book." A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。he为主语S；lent为谓语V；me为间接宾语IO; a book为直宾DO。故结构为S+V+IO+DO。故选B。 【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。 4．This cake is really big. _______ share it. A. May be we can B. We may be can C. Maybe we can D. Maybe can we 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意“蛋糕真的很大，也许我们可以分享它”。maybe为副词，也许，可能，放于句首。may be中may是情态动词，be是动词原形，为系表结构，译为“也许是，