写作强化阶段讲义
吴浩 George
wuhaoielts@
wuhaoielts2012
8243559
学习目标：
1. 全面地了解IELTS写作
2. 明确IELTS写作的要求
3. 了解议论文的分类和主要类型的文章结构
4. 掌握一种有效的句子构成法：四步句子速成法
5. 了解各种图表作文的特征和各类图表的典型写作句型
6. 熟悉各个话题的实用词汇和短语
第一讲：
第一部分：IELTS写作概述
An overview of the IELTS writing test 解决三个问题：
1. What: What is the format of the IELTS writing test?
Components of the writing test: task writing
Task 1: to write a summary of some graphic or pictorial
information.
Data：line chart, pie chart, bar chart, table, mixture Facts: flow chart, maps
Task 2: to produce a written argument on a given topic.
Opinion:
A/B(option A/option B), A/D(advantages/disadvantages)
Solution:
Causes, Effects, Solutions
2. Why: Why is the test designed in this way?
The nature and goal of each task
Task one
Form Nature Goal
Report Objective To help the readers to understand the table
Task two
Form Nature Goal
Essay Subjective To convince the readers
3. How: How to achieve the writing goal of each task?
The criteria of the writing test
Content：essential components of your response complete &
relevant
Task 1 1.an overview of the general trends
2.a summary or description of the key features in the
graph or diagram 3. supporting data
4. at least 150 words (180 words)
Task 2 1. responses to all parts of the question
2. position on the topic
3. ideas relevant and appropriate to the topic
4. development of the ideas or/and support to the ideas
5. relevant conclusion to the topic
6. at least 250 words (300 words)
Organization: Readers will notice it when you fail to do it well.
Coherence
布局 The logical organization of your ideas and
sentences in both your paragraph and essay as a
whole
Cohesion
连接 The organization of your language, showing the
relationship between your ideas
Grammar
Grammatical
range 1. sentence types: simple, compound, complex, and
compound-complex
2. other grammatical structures: concession,
modals, cause/effects, active/passive, conditionals
and tenses
Grammatical 1. correct punctuation accuracy 2. correct tense
3. agreement of subject with the verb
Vocabulary ( Lexical Resource)
1. to use appropriate and accurate words and expressions
2. to use a good range of vocabulary to cover the topic
3. to use correct word forms
4. to use some idiomatic language
5. to use accurate spelling
总结：IELTS写作就是用西方的思维方式和地道的英语表达来阐述合理的想法。
第二部分：议论文概述：
1. 议论文的分类
1) 问题现象类：
问题出现的原因
问题带来的影响
解决问题的方法
原因和方法最好是一一对应
2) 表达观点类
对两个相对立的观点进行分析，最后得出自己的观点
观点对立的形式一般有两种：A/B, A/D
2. 议论文的结构
1) 问题现象类
开篇 问题现象介绍
主体 根据要求分段
总结 问题要点复述
2) 表达观点类
A. 观点偏向型：一般采用5段式
开篇（第一段） 介绍主题+陈述观点
主体1（第二段） 论证第一个分论点
主体2（第三段） 论证第二个分论点
主体3（第四段） 让步段：陈述对方观点后回归自身观点
总结 （第五段） 复述自身观点
B. 观点中立型：一般采用4段式
开篇（第一段） 介绍主题+文章布局
主体1（第二段） 论证第一个观点
主体2（第三段） 论证第二个观点
总结（第四段） 阐述自己的中立观点
观点中立型范文： Question：The aging populations of more developed
countries are going to cause social and economic problems
for society in the future, especially for the younger
generation. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this
statement?
In the modern world today, people are expected to live
longer because of better health care resources, the
availability of better quality foods and the higher standards
of living. (介绍背景) While the changing age structure of
society might be problematic, it should not always be viewed
as something threatening. (文章布局)
There is no denying that constraints of time, money and
space are placed on modern industrial societies with growing
aged population and declining birth rates. (第一个观点) The
most obvious would be the costs associated with caring for
the elderly, funding their retirement pensions and providing
residential care accommodation. (第一个论点) Governments
cannot be expected to carry this burden alone. They would
need to impose additional taxes on the younger population
and shift some of the caring responsibilities onto the extended families. (支撑论据)
However, the valuable contributions that active and healthy
aged individuals can make should not be overlooked. (第二个观点) Firstly, these retired individuals could take the role
of carers for their grandchildren, (第一个论点) allowing
both parents to work longer hours and save on day care
expenses. The extra earnings and savings could be used to
improve the family‘s living standards. (支撑论据) Secondly,
the retirees could volunteer their services as drivers for the
very old and sick. (第二个论点) For example, they could
deliver meals directly to their homes and assist with
transportation to and from specialist appointments or
hospital.(支撑论据)
In conclusion, there are both positive and negative issues
associated with aging populations. It is best to take a
balanced approach. People need to work together and
recognize that all members of society contribute in many
diverse ways to the well-being of the whole community. (本人的中立观点)
