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第二讲代词

第二讲代词
第二讲代词

知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!

一、代词的分类英语中常把代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代

词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词。

二、代词的用法

1.人称代词:人称代词是指人的代词,有性、数、格的区别。

(1)人称代词主格在句中作主语。

例如:She is my English teacher.

(2)宾格在句中作宾语(动词宾语或介词)。

例如:They don’t want me to go there alone.

Don’t worry. I can look after her.

(3)人称代词作表语时,一般用宾格,但在比较正式的场合用主格。例如:—Who’s that? —It’s me.(非正式)/——It’s I.(正式)

注意:①人称代词we, you, they 可以用来表示一般人。

例如:You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。

②人称代的主格作表语,一般都在正中的谈话中,表示强调。例如:It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那条项链。

③人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。

例如:We love our country, we hope she’ll be stronger and stronger.

我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她越来越强大。

④It作为人称代词时,可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。例如:It is about 10 kilometers from here. 离这儿大约有10公里。

⑤It 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语,来代替由不定式,动词的-ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语,以避免句子头重脚轻。例如:It is not easy to learn English well.

It is good for you taking a walk after supper.

I found it difficult to sleep.

⑥英语里当主语是并列的几个人时,人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同,I 在最后,you 在最前;但是,当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反,I 在最前,you在最后。

例如:You, he and I are all the winners.

I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.

2.物主代词:表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。

物主代词包括名词性主代词和形容词性物主代词。

(1)形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语,后面跟名词。

例如:To our surprise, he has passed the exam.

(2)如果名词前用了形容词性物主代词,就不用冠词、指示代词等修饰。That is her pen.

(3)与形容词一起修饰名词时,形容词性物主代词要放在形容词前。例如:his English book

(4)名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征,在句中作主语、表语、宾语。相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。

例如:May I use your bike? Mine is at school. (作主语)

Whose glasses are these? They are hers. ( 作表语)

My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? (作宾语)

(5) 名词性物主代词可以与of 连用,作定语。

例如:A friend of ours are waiting for us.

3.反身带词:用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示:

(1)反身代词在句中常用宾语,句子的主语和宾语是同一人或物。例如:Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作宾语)

He himself is always making such mistakes. (主语同位语)

You’d better ask your wife herself. (宾语同位语)

(2)反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配。

4.指示代词:表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如:

Those are my parents. ( 作主语)

The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表语)

These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定语)

注意:(1)前面刚刚提到过的东西,常用that, those 表示。

例如:I’m sorry to hear that.

( 2 )下文将要提到的事情,可用these, this 表示,起启下的作用。例如:Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.

5.疑问代词:用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有:who, what, which, whose, whom,在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。

(1)who 主格,在句子作主语、宾语、和表语。

例如:Who is he?

(2)whom 宾格,在句中作宾语。

例如:Whom did you look for?你在找谁?

(3)whose所有格,在句中作定语或表语。

Whose pen is this ?

Whose is this book?

(4)what 在句子作主语、表语、宾语、定语。

What has happened?

What colour do you like best ?

(5)which 在句中作主语、定语、宾语。

Which book is more interesting?

Which do you like better,this one or that one?

6.相互代词:用于表示相互关系的代词。常用的有:each other, one

another. 相互代词可以作宾语、定语。

例如:We should help each other.

The villagers have looked after one another these year.

相互代词后可以加’s,表示所有关系。

例如:We put the presents in each other’ s stocking.

7. 不定代词:不定代词没有确定的对象(不指明替代任何特定的名词),常用的有:all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many,much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no, any, every 构成的复合词。

(1)some 和any

(2)each 和every

不定代词通常可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语,而none及含有some, an every 的合成代词不能做定语,no和every 只能做定语。

代词many, few, a few修饰可数名词,much, little, a little修饰不可数名词。both, either, neither, each用于指两者,all, any, none, every, another 用于指三者或三者以上。

例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!

1.This isn’t ______ pencil case. I left ______ at home.

A. my, mine

B. me, my

C. I, my

D. my, myself

解析:此类题主要用于考查学生对人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的掌握情况。要做好这类题,就必须熟练掌握这三类词的用法。应选A。

2.The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words

in it.

A. a little

B. little

C. a few

D. few

解析:历年来中考始终将little, a little, few, a few作为一个重要考

点,要做好这类题,必须明确几点:(1)little, a little修饰或代替不可数名词;few, a few修饰或代替可数名词复数。(2)few, little 一般表示否定意义;a few, a little表示肯定意义。应选D。

3.------ Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?

------ ______ OK. I’m f ree today and tomorrow.

A. Either

B. Neither

C. Both

D. None

解析:此类题主要是针对each, every, both, all, either, neither, none 等不定代词的考查。Both指两个人或物;all表示三者或三者以上“都”,它们都表示肯定意义,均与of连用,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,作定语修饰复数名词。all也可代替不可数名词或一个整体,这时谓语动词用单数形式,either指两者只任何一个,表肯定,表示三者或三者以上中的任何一个用any, neither是either的否定形式,表示两者都不是。应选A。

4.The population of China is much large than ______

A.this

B.those

C.it

D.that

解析:在比较级的句型中,经常用that指代前面提到过的不可数名词,用those指代可数名词的复数。选D。

5 . ------ When shall we meet again?

------ Make it ______day you like. It’s all the same to me.

A. one

B.any

C.another

D.all

解析:any表示任何一个。选B。

He said ______ at the meeting and just sat there silently.

A. something

B. anything

C. nothing

D. everything

解析:此句的意思是“他在会上一言不发,只是静静地坐在那里。”根据句意,应选C。

------ Do you know the lady ______ is interviewing our headmaster?

------ Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.

A. which

B. who

C. whom

D. whose

解析:先行词指人且在定语从句中作主语,所以应选B。

练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!

一、用适当的代词填空

Help ______ to some ice cream, girls.

He came up with an idea at last, the idea of ______ was very good. Hurry, up, there’s ______ time left.

There is hardly ______ in the basket, it’s empty.

Lili and Coco don’t know ______ address. Lili has never been to Coco’s home and Coco has never been to Lily’s home, either.

He is ______ a kind friend that ______of us like him.

He have two English novels, but he has read ______ of them.

I don’t like the color of this jacket. Could you show me ______ one?

You may take ______ of them, they’re both good.

Don’t worry. ______ goes well here.

二、选择最佳答案填空:

1. These two books are very interesting. You can choose _________ of

them.

A. both

B. each

C. either

D. any

2. He had ________milk but_________ bread for breakfast.

A. many; few

B. much; little

C. few; much

D. little; many

3. Is there ________you want to say?

A. something else

B. anything else

C. else anything

D. else something

4. A: _________ are you going to visit?

B: I am going to visit the Palace Museum.

A. Where

B. What

C. Why

D. When

5. One should keep ________ promise.

A. one’s own

B. every

C. himself

D. herself

三、完成句子

1.There’s two apples here, you can take ______(任意一个).

2.Lisa has two daughters. ______(没有一个喜欢)traveling.

3.______ (所有的)girls like singing.

4.To say is ______ (一回事), to do is ______ (另一回事).

5.They keep one black cat and ______ (两只黑的).

6.He has ______ (许多) money, but he has ______ (没有) friends.

7.Can she speak French? ______ (只会一点).

8.______ (他们中很少有人) can talk in Chinese.

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主语:What happened later? 后来发生什么事情了? Whose is broken? 谁的坏了? Which is yours? 哪个是你的? 表语:What’s you mother? 你妈妈是做什么工作的? Whose is this book? 这本书是谁的? 宾语:What do you mean? 你是什么意思? Which do you want? 你想要哪一个? Whose do you prefer? 你更喜欢谁的? 定语:What time is it now? 现在几点了? Which book do you want? 你想要哪一本书? Whose dress is this? 这是谁的连衣裙? 从句:They have done what they can do. 他们已经尽其所能。 Do you know whose is the book on the table? 你知道桌上的书是谁的吗? Can you tell me which he will choose? 你能告诉我他会选择哪一个吗? 3. whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever用法如下: (1)引导状语从句:意为“无论什么(是谁、哪一个)”等,此时相当于no matter what (who, which, whom)。(其中whomever在现代英语已基本不用)。 Whatever [No matter what] happens, keep calm. 无论发生什么,都要保持镇定。

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