0-5 90年5月TOEFL听力
A
1. (A) Frank bought a car in Dallas.
(B) Frank drove to Dallas in a rented car.
(C) Frank went to Dallas to rent a car.
(D) Frank and Carl drove to Dallas.
2. (A) She saw me practicing the violin.
(B) She was practicing the violin when I saw her.
(C) She went to see me at violin practice.
(D) She saw her violin when she came to practice.
3. (A) He recently visited us.
(B) He flew over our house.
(C) He was there for just two hours.
(D) He went to the other house.
4. (A) Sidney had to move.
(B) Sidney's dentist moved away.
(C) The dentist pulled out Sidney's tooth.
(D) Sidney's tooth fell out.
5. (A) How can it be worth that much?
(B) Who believes that story about Earth?
(C) Can you leave it at Bertha's?
(D) You don't really believe that, do you?:
6. (A) Half of the shops are open at night.
(B) The shop sells nightgowns and pajamas.
(C) Evening wear isn't available in those shops.
(D) The shops are closed until tomorrow.
7. (A) I didn't think you would be in class.
(B) Why did you cancel class today?
(C) You weren't thinking during class.
(D) What did you think of my class today?
8. (A) He failed to take physics for two semesters.
(B) He took physics twice and failed both times.
(C) He failed physics because he didn't take it seriously.
(D) He took physics again because he failed the first time.
9. (A) The lights should be coming back on soon.
(B) You'll know the storm has started when the lights go off.
(C) The lights went off just as the storm began.
(D) I'd rather turn the lights off during the storm.
10. (A) It will take twenty minutes to get to the party.
(B) His sister will turn twenty next month.
(C) There were twenty people at the party.
(D) Next month on the twentieth is the party.
11. (A) French textbooks are being sold outside the bookstore.
(B) There are no more textbooks for French 102 in the bookstore.
(C) The bookstore has only one or two French textbooks.
(D) French bookstores don't open until one or two o'clock.
12. (A) I have to rush to my math class.
(B) I need to improve my math skills.
(C) I have to buy a new bath mat.
(D) I need to brush off the mattress.
13. (A) Very few people know Irene.
(B) Almost everybody knows Irene.
(C) Irene knows very little about the campus.
(D) Irene knows almost nobody on campus.
14. (A) He has part-time work in the laboratory.
(B) He likes the experimental aspects of his work.
(C) He did all the laboratory experiments already.
(D) He asked for the day off from.
15. (A) I must admit that my performance was bad.
(B) I really thought that Dan was playful.
(C) I can't play because I hurt my eye.
(D) I don't approve of doing this play.
16. (A) Gloria knocked on the door before entering the room.
(B) Gloria has been postponing work on the program.
(C) Gloria has been working very hard on the task.
(D) Gloria hit her head on the shelf.
17. (A) Won't you be finished with school after this semester?
(B) You're going to change schools this semester, aren't you?
(C) What are you going to do when you're out of school?
(D) The school year is almost finished, isn't it?
18. (A) Professor Jenkins directed me here.
(B) Now I call Professor Jenkins by her first Name.
(C) Professor Jenkins will recommend me.
(D) I was referring to Professor Jenkins.
19. (A) Isn't it time we went to work?
(B) We shouldn't leave so soon.
(C) Do we need to leave this early?
(D) We're thinking of quitting our jobs.
20. (A) Lorraine gave her family a gift they liked.
(B) Her family thinks their gift will please Lorraine.
(C) Lorraine's family gave her a gift that pleased her.
(D) Lorraine thought about giving her family a gift.
21. (A) Angry./
(B) Tired.
(C) Hungry.
(D) Disappointed.
22. (A) She built a model a week ago.
(B) She completed her model quickly.
(C) She will help him on Thursday.
(D) She thinks she can reduce the size.
23. (A) She has never eaten such delicious oranges before.
(B) She bets there are better oranges available.
(C) She doesn't understand why the man likes the oranges.
(D) She has had the same kind of oranges before.
24. (A) In a courthouse.
(B) In a warehouse.
(C) In a department store.
(D) In a fashion designer's studio.
25. (A) He doesn't have any idea about what he wants to do.
(B) He'd like to work this summer.
(C) He wonders whether the woman has a job.
(D) He can't decide where to go on vacation.
26. (A) She likes the current temperature.
(B) She wishes the weather would get hotter.
(C) She cooked every bit of the food.
(D) She knows she'll like the food.
27. (A) She must renew it before getting plane tickets.
(B) She doesn't need a new one after all.
(C) She has run up a big bill on it.
(D) She hasn't had trouble renewing it so far.
28. (A) Sam returned it.
(B) It turns in the lock.
(C) It's in the locker.
(D) He got it from Sam.
29. (A) It's clear where the lawn has been raked.
(B) She would like to see the man.
(C) The water in the lake is muddy.
(D) It's too foggy to see the lake now.
30. (A) They had a misunderstanding four years ago.
(B) They really like each other very much.
(C) They've been angry with one another for a long time.
(D) They've never learned how to express their feelings.
31. (A) They watched the end of the race.
(B) Only three of them didn't finish the race.
(C) Most of them didn't run.
(D) They participated in the last three races.
32. (A) She doesn't care how the movie ended.
(B) She generally dislikes that type of movie.
(C) She would rather see a horror film.
(D) She wasn't really very frightened.
33. (A) He didn't look for a tie.
(B) He didn't want the tie.
(C) He couldn't find the tie.
(D) He couldn't try the tie on.
34. (A) Linda would probably prefer a cassette.
(B) She was thinking of giving Linda the same cassette.
(C) There is no reason to get Linda the record, too.
(D) Linda doesn't buy exercise records anymore.
35. (A) He was taking pictures of the campus.
(B) His photographs were on the evening news.
(C) He went to see a film on campus.
(D) His television appearance was unintentional.
36. (A) Alone.
(B) In pairs.
(C) One 5-person team.
(D) Two 10-person teams.
37. (A) Into boxes.
(B) Into aluminum cans.
(C) Into trash bags.
(D) Into garbage cans.
38. (A) Paint them.
(B) Throw them away.
(C) Have them recycled.
(D) Leave them in the lake.
39. (A) Around the lake.
(B) In the club office.
(C) At a local business.
(D) Around the college.
40. (A) He needs to take one more course in order to finish his credit requirements.
(B) He plays an instrument the group needs.
(C) She thinks taking the course would improve his grades in general.
(D) She thinks he's the best musician at the college.
41. (A) He doesn't have an instrument of his own.
(B) He doesn't like to play in small groups.
(C) He doesn't think he can play well enough.
(D) He isn't sure whether he has enough free time.
42. (A) Once a week.
(B) Twice a week.
(C) Every other day.
(D) Every evening.
43. (A) Cello.
(B) Viola.
(C) Violin.
(D) Bass.
44. (A) Beginning.
(B) Intermediate.
(C) Advanced.
(D) Professional.
45. (A) Try to find his music books.
(B) Look for a new instrument.
(C) Start taking lessons from a professional.
(D) Practice his instrument.
46. (A) Light darkens silver salt.
(B) Light darkens natural salt.
(C) Light darkens silver.
(D) Light darkens self-developing film.
47. (A) By making use of special paper.
(B) By adding common salt to silver salt.
(C) By tinting the temporary image.
(D) By using a special piece of metal.
48. (A) 1727.
(B) 1826.
(C) 1839.
(D) 1860.
49. (A) He was a soldier.
(B) He took war photographs.
(C) He painted portraits.
(D) He designed a portable camera.
50. (A) A cheap process of developing film at home.
(B) A new kind of film.
(C) An automatic printer.
(D) An "instant " camera that develops its own film.
ＥＸＥＲＣＩＳＥ ＳＩＸ
B
1. When ---in arctic regions, the Aleuts construct igloos as temporary winter shelters.
(A) travel
(B) to travel
(C) traveling them
(D) traveling
2. Most substances contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance's solid is ---of
its liquid.
(A) than the higher density
(B) higher than the density
(C) the density is higher than that
(D) the higher the density
3. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is ---clearly understood.
(A) none
(B) no
(C) not
(D) nor
4. Desert animals ---a means of retaining moisture in such a hot, dry climate if they are to
survive.
(A) need
(B) needing
(C) to need
(D) was needed
5. ---state of Wyoming is also known as the "Equality State" because Wyoming women were
the first in the nation to vote.
(A) The
(B) There is a
(C) That the
(D) As the
6. Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much sweeter ---.
(A) than cane sugar does
(B) does cane sugar
(C) cane sugar
(D) than cane sugar
7. Ground plans and contour maps of the Earth ---from aerial photographs.
(A) can be drawn
(B) can draw
(C) to draw
(D) drawn
8. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun
to exert ---over art.
(A) influence worldwide a great
(B) a great worldwide influence
(C) influence a great worldwide
(D) a worldwide influence
9. ---millions of galaxies exist in the vast space outside the Milky Way.
(A) It is estimated that
(B) An estimate that
(C) That is estimated
(D) That the estimated
10. The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil ---the plants
grow.
(A) which
(B) which in
(C) in which
(D) in
11. The operetta first ---as a popular form of musical theater in the nineteenth century.
(A) to emerge
(B) emerging
(C) has emerged
(D) emerged
12. ---complex organic catalysts originating in living cells.
(A) Enzymes
(B) Enzymes are
(C) Enzymes which are
(D) Enzymes while they
13. In the eastern part of New Jersey ---, a major shipping and manufacturing center.
(A) lies the city of Elizabeth
(B) the city of Elizabeth lies there
(C) around the city of Elizabeth lies
(D) there lies the city of Elizabeth around
14. Work in parapsychology, ---, has attracted a relatively small number of scientists.
(A) is a very controversial field
(B) which a very controversial field is
(C) a very controversial field
(D) a field very controversial which
15. ---, the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive, a senate, and a
house of representatives.
(A) In 1827 they drafted
(B) The draft in 1827
(C) In 1827 was drafted
(D) Drafted in 1827
16. Sociological studies have found that deeply hold values and principles are highly resistant to
A B C D change.
17. For centuries large communities of people have living on houseboats in parts of the world
A B
where the climate is warm and the waters are calm.
C D
18. Benjamin Franklin made the first bifocal spectacles for self by sawing the lenses of his
A B C
eyeglasses in half.
D
19. Not only do artificial reefs provide fish with food and shelter, they also serve as importantly
A B C D underwater landmarks.
20. The United States Department of Agriculture supervises the quality, clean, and purity of
A B C
meat.
D
21. All birds, alike most reptiles and a few primitive mammals, develop from embryos in eggs
A B C
outside the mother's body.
D
22. The expansion of adult training programs has resulted partially from the feminist movement,
A B
which encouraging women to improve their skills for the job market.
C D
23. The most significant cosmological characteristic of the galaxies are the red shift in their
A B C
optical spectra.
D
24. James Whistler was indifferent to the titles of his painted and even changed the names of
A B C
some works years after their completion.
D
25. Duke Ellington's orchestra, playing his original compositions and arrangements, achieving a
A B
fine unity of style and made numerous innovations in modern jazz.
C D
26. Moles are almost completely blind, although its tiny eyes can distinguish light from dark.
A B C D
27. Noise is a psychological term referring toward unpleasant, unwanted , or intolerable sound.
A B C D
28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New
A
York Infirmary, an institution that have always had a completely female medical staff.
B C D
29. Criminal contempt, committed in the presence of the court, may consist of disorderly
A B C
behavior, disrespectful, or disobedience of a judge's orders.
D
30. The Cubist movement in art was a reaction against traditional methods of portray reality.
A B C D
31. During the 1600's skilled shoemakers scarce were in what is now the United States.
A B C D
32. If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine
A B C
chemically with other atoms.
D
33. The National Education Association conduct extensive research on a great many aspects of
A B C
education.
D
34. The pain-killing agent most commonly administered in dentistry is the local anesthetic, who
A B C produces loss of feeling only in a specific area.
D
35. Certain types of computers work properly only in environments with controlled precisely
A B C D temperatures.
36. The gorilla, while not as curious than the chimpanzee, shows more persistence and memory
A B C
retention in solving a problem.
D
37. The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many countries
A B C
includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans.
D
38. Acrylic paint enables artists to experiment with many colors effects.
A B C D
39. Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial and banking center.
A B C D
40. A rat's sharp teeth can gnaw through wood, plaster, or soft metallic such as lead.
A B C D
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C
Passage 1
In the past oysters were raised in much the same way as dirt farmers raised tomatoes-by transplanting them. First, farmers selected the oyster bed, cleared the bottom of old shells and other debris, then scattered clean shells about. Next, they" planted" fertilized oyster eggs, which within two or three weeks hatched into larvae. The larvae drifted until they attached themselves to the clean shells on the bottom. There they remained and in time grew into baby oysters called seed or spat. The spat grew larger by drawing in seawater from which they derived microscopic particles of food. Before long farmers gathered the baby oysters transplanted them in other waters to speed up their growth. then transplanted them once more into another body of water to fatten them up.
Until recently; the supply of wild oysters and those crudely farmed were more than enough to satisfy people's needs. But today the delectable seafood is no longer available in abundance.
The problem has become so serious that some oyster beds have vanished entirely.
Fortunately. as far back as the early 1900's marine biologists realized that if new measures were not taken. oysters would become extinct or at best a luxury food. So they set up well equipped hatcheries and went to work. But they did not have the proper equipment or the skill to handle the eggs. They did not know when. what. and how 10 feed the larvae. And they knew little about the predators that attack and eat baby oysters by the millions. They failed, but they doggedly kept at it. Finally. in the [940's a significant breakthrough was made.
The marine biologists discovered that by raising the temperature of the water. they could induce oysters to spawn not only in the summer but also in the fall. winter, and spring. Later they developed a technique for feeding the larvae and rearing them to spat. Going still further. they succeeded in breeding new strains that were resistant to diseases. grew faster and larger, and flourished in water of different salinities and temperatures. In addition, the cultivated oysters tasted better.'
1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
(A) The Threatened Extinction of Marine Life
(B) The Cultivation of Oysters
(C) The Discoveries Made by Marine Biologists
(D) The Varieties of Wild Oysters
2. In the first paragraph, the production of oysters is compared to what other industry?
(A) Mining
(B) Fishing
(C) Banking
(D) Farming
3. In the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a stage of an oyster's life?
(A) Debris
(B) Egg
(C) Larvae
(D) Spat
4. When did scientists discover that oysters were in danger?
(A) In the early part of the nineteenth century
(B) At the beginning of this century
(C) In the 1940's
(D) Just recently
5. According to the passage, which of the following words best describes the efforts of the
marine biologists working with oysters?
(A) Persistent
(B) Intermittent
(C) Traditional
(D) Fruitless
6. In the passage, the author mentions that the new strains of oyster are
(A) cheaper
(B) shaped differently
(C) better textured
(D) healthier
7.In what paragraph does the author describe successful methods for increasing the oyster population?
(A) First
(B) Second
(C) Third
(D) Fourth
8.Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
(A) Step by step description of the evolution of marine biology
(B) Discussion of chronological events concerning oyster production
(C) Random presentation of facts about oysters
(D) Description of oyster production at different geographic locations
Passage 2
Political controversy about the public - land policy of the United States began with the
American Revolution. In fact. even before independence from Britain was won. it became clear that resolving the dilemmas surrounding the public domain prove necessary to preserve the Union itself.
At the peace negotiations with Britain. Americans demanded, and got. a western boundary at the Mississippi River. Thus the new nation secured for its birthright a vas internal empire rich in agricultural and mineral resources. But under their colonial charters. seven states-
Massachusetts. Connecticut. New York. Virginia. North Carolina. South Carolina. and
Georgia-claimed portions of the western wilderness. Virginia's cl aim was the largest.
stretching north and west to encompass the later states of Kentucky. Ohio. Indiana. Illinois.
Michigan. and Wisconsin. The language of the charters was vague and their validity
questionable. but during the war Virginia reinforced its title by sponsoring colonel George Rogers Clark's 1778 expedition to Vincennes and Kaskaskia. which strengthened America's trans- Appalachian pretensions at the peace table.
He six states holding no claim to the transmontane region doubted whether a confederacy in which territory was so unevenly apportioned would truly prove what it claimed to be. a union of equals. Already New Jersey, Delaware. Rhode island. and Maryland were among the smallest and least populous of the states. While they levied heavy taxes to repay state war debts. their larger neighbors might retire debts out of land sale proceeds. Drawn by fresh lands and low taxes. people would desert the small states for the large, leaving the former to fall into bankruptcy and eventually into political subjugation. All the states shared in the war effort, said the New Jersey legislature. how then could half of them 'be left to sink under an enormous debt. whilst others are enabled. in a short period, to replace all their expenditures from the hard earnings of the whole confederacy?' As the Revolution was a common
endeavor, so ought its fruits. including the western lands, to be a common property.
1. With which of the following topics is the passage primarily concerned?
(A) A controversial public - land policy
(B) How independence from Britain was won
(C) The land holdings of Massachusetts
(D) How New Jersey developed its western land
2.According to the passage, the British granted the new American nation a western boundary
at
(A)Ohio
(B)Illinois
(C) the Mississippi River
(D) the Appalachian Mountains
3. Which state laid claim to the largest land -holdings?
(A) North Carolina
(B) South Carolina
(C) Virginia
(D) Georgia
4. In line 10, the word "streching" could best be replaced by which of the following?
(A) Lengthening
(B) Increasing
(C) Exaggerating
(D) Extending
5. Why does the author mention Colonel Clark' S expedition?
(A) To explain how one state strengthened its land claims
(B) To criticize an effort to acquire additional agricultural resources
(C) To show that many explorers searched for new lands
(D) To question the validity of Virginia' 5 claims
6. According to the passage, the smaller states tried to raise money to pay their war debts by
(A) collecting taxes
(B) exporting crops
(C) selling land
(D)raising cattle
Passage 3
Without regular supplies of some hormones our capacity to behave would be seriously impaired; without others we would soon die. Tiny amounts of some hormones can modify our moods and our actions, our inclination to eat or drink, our aggressiveness or submis3ivenes~ and our reproduction and parental behavior. And hormones do more than influence adult behavior; early in life they help to determine the development of bodily form and may even determine an individual's behavior capacities. Later in life the changing outputs of some endocrine glands and the body' S changing sensitivity to some hormones are essential aspects of the phenomena of aging.
Communication within the body and the consequent integration of behavior were considered the exclusive province of the nervous system up to the beginning of the present century. The emergence of endocrinology as a separate discipline can probably be traced to the experiments of Bayliss and Starling on the hormone secretin. This substance is secreted from cells in the intestinal walls when food enters the stomach: it travels through the bloodstream and stimulates the. pancreas to liberate pancreatic juice, which aids in digestion. By showing that special cells secrete chemical agents that are conveyed 'by the bloodstream and regulate distant target organs or tissues, Bayliss and Starling demonstrated that chemical integration can occur without participation of the nervous system.
The term "hormone" was first used with reference to secretin. Starling derived the term from the Greek hormon, meaning "to excite or set in motion." The term "endocrine" was introduced shortly thereafter. "Endocrine" is used to refer to glands that secrete products into the bloodstream. The term "endocrine" contrasts with "exocrine," which is applied to glands that secrete their products through ducts to the site of action. Examples of exocrine glands are the tear glands, the sweat glands, and the pancreas, which secretes pancreatic juice through a duct into the intestine. Exocrine glands are also called duct glands, while endocrine glands are called ductless.
1. What is the author' s main purpose in the passage?
(A)To explain the specific functions of various hormones
(B) To provide general information about hormones
(C) To explain how the term "hormone" evolved
(D) To report on experiments in endocrinology
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of hormones?
(A) Modification of behavior
(B) Sensitivity to hunger and thirst
(C) Aggressive feelings
(D) Maintenance of blood pressure
3.The passage supports which of the following conclusions?
(A)The human body requires large amounts of most hormones.
(B)Synthetic hormones can replace a person's natural supply of hormones if necessary.
(C)The quantity of hormones produced and their effects on the body are related to a person's age.
(D)The short child of tall parents very likely had a hormone deficiency early in life.
4.It can be inferred from the passage that, before the Bayliss and Starling experiments, most people believed that chemical integration occurred only
(A) during sleep
(B) in the endocrine glands
(C) under control of the nervous system
(D) during strenuous exercise
5. In line 14, the word "liberate" could best be replaced by which of the following?
(A) Emancipate
(B) Discharge
(C) Surrender
(D) Save
6. According to the passage, another term for exocrine glands is
(A) duct glands
(B) endocrine glands
(C) ductless glands
(D) intestinal glands
Passage 4
During her New York days, Mabel Dodge had preached the gospel of Gertrude Stein and spread the fame of her new style. Like Miss Stein, Mabel Dodge had long planned to "upset America.. . with fatal disaster to the old older of things,
Gertrude Stein had no interest in anything that was not aggressively modern. She had conceived it as a part of her mission to "kill" the nineteenth century "dead," and she was convinced that her work was "really the beginning of modern writing." Her story "Melanctha" in Three Lives, privately printed in 1907, was the "first definite step," as she wrote later, into the twentieth century". There was at least a grain of truth in this.
Just then the movement of modem art, so called for many years, was also beginning in Paris with Matisse and Picasso, and Gertrude Stein and her brother Leo were friends of triese protagonists. The Stems had the means to buy their pictures. Gertrude shared, moreover, the point of view of these avant - garde artists, and she endeavored to parallel in words their effects in paint.
Gertrude Stein wrote her "Melanotha" while posing for Picasso' 5 portrait of herself. Picasso had just discovered African sculpture, previously interesting only to curio hunters, and this may have set her mind running on the Black girl Melanctha, whose story was the longest and most moving of her Three Lives. It was not difficult to find in these a trace of the influence of African art, with the influence alike of Matisse and Picasso.
1. With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?
(A) Gertrude Stein' 5 most important works
(B) The avant - garde community in New York
(C) Gertrude Stein' S contribution to the development of modern literature
(D) The reactions of various critics to modern art and literature
2. In the first paragraph, the author uses the phrase "preached the gospel" in order to
emphasize Mabel Dodge's
(A) intense devotion to Gertrude Stein
(B) wide popularity with religious groups
(C) competitive feelings toward Gertrude Stein
(D) deep admiration for nineteenth - century literature
3. According to the passage, Gertrude Stein was not interested in anything that was not
(A) controversial
(B) modern
(C) literary
(D) aggressive
4.According to the passage. Gertrude Stein planned to "kill" the nineteenth century by
(A) ridiculing the writers of that period
(B)creating a form of writing for the twentieth century
(C)destroying all the books written during that period
(D)printing booklets promoting the merits of twentieth - century literature
5. The story 'Melanctha' first appeared in the
A) mid - nineteenth century
(B)late nineteenth century
C) early twentieth century
(D)mid - twentieth century
6. Which of the following statements about the relationship between Gertrude Stein S and Henri
Matisse 5 work can be inferred from the passage?
(A)Matisse and Stein had very different ways of depicting reality.
(B)Matisse's later paintings were influenced by Stein's work.
(C) Stein preferred Matisse's work to that of other artists because it was more abstract.
(D) Stein tried to recreate in her writing the effects in Matisse's paintings.
7. Which of the following is mentioned as one of Picasso's interests?
(A)African art
(B)Classical literature
(C)American art
(D)Modern literature
Passage 5
Nast played an important role in President Lincoln's reelection In 1864 the war was not going well for the North. Many people blamed Lincoln. They were tired of the war. The Democratic candidate. General George B. McClellan. promised peace at any price. Lincoln didn' t think he had a chance to be reelected. In August he wrote: "It seems exceedingly probable that this administration will not be reelected. '~ But he had not counted on the
support of Thomas Nast. Nast drew cartoons showing McCellan as a man who would compromise with the South. The cartoons were effective, and helped President Lincoln win reelection.
1. What is the author' s main point?
(A) Lincoln asked Thomas Nast for help. but Nast refused.
(B) Voters wanted a compromise with the South.
(C) Lincoln thought the voters would blame him for not ending the war.
(D) Thomas Nast's cartoons helped to reelect Lincoln.
2. According to the passage. how did Lincoln feel about his chances for reelection?
(A)Doubtful
(B)Enthusiastic
(C)Indifferent
(D)President Lincoln's successor
3. It can be assumed that the paragraph preceding the passage most probably discussed
(A)the United States economy
(B)Thomas Nast
(C)General George B McClellan
(D)President Lincoln's successor
老托福阅读真题及答案解析 托福从听、说、读、写四方面进行英语能力全面考核。托福频道为大家提供了这四个方面的资料，希望对大家有所帮助。 Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates. When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment. In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest. 1. What is the main idea of the passage ? (A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment. (B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs. (C) Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots. (D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation. 2. The word "They" in line 2 refers to
TOEFL全真试题 为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理了托福练习试题,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 TOEFL全真试题1 Reading Comprehension Time: 55 minutes (including the reading of the directions). Now set your clock for 55 minutes.Question 1-12 Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The column is designed so that a single pollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of seeds, so microscopic and light they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. The most noticeable of the petals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramatically
0308 托福试题 阅读( 55minutes ) Question 1-11 seen in putrefying materials .He did (10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it had trapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteur found that in ordinary air these exists a variety of solid structures ranging in size from 0.01 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of these bodies resembled the reproductive (15) structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells . As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen If food is allowed to stand for some time, putrefies .When the putrefied material is examined microscopically ,it is teeming with bacteria. Where do these bacteria come from , since they are fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenth century, many people believed microorganisms originated by spontaneous (5 ) generation ,a hypothetical living organisms develop from nonliving matter. The most powerful spontaneous generation microbiologist Louis showed that structures present in air closely found not that it to be seen in such process by which of the theory of French chemist and opponent was the Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur resemble the microorganisms
2018年托福考试：语法模拟试题及答案详解 1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body. A. in disease B. that disease C. of disease D. about disease 答案：B分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。 参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。 2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City. A. she was the first woman to conduct B. the first woman conductor C. the woman was first conducting D. the woman conducts first 答案：B分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。 参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家补充：常考the first/second/… one to do sth 3. On January 7，1955，Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House. A. the first African American B. the first African American was C. she was the first African American D. when the first African American 答案：A分析：缺宾语，C，D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。 参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。 4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States，_________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth. A. and accelerated a phenomenon B. a phenomenon that accelerated C. accelerating a phenomenon which， D. the acceleration of which phenomenon 答案：B分析：考的是同位语结构，a phenomenon是the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语。A中and为conj.，后面应该连接一个完整的句子，但缺主语，错;C中语序混乱，错; D中of which作为介词宾语，后面应该接一个完整句，但只有一个phenomenon主语，句子不完整，错。 参考译文：可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化，当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区，这个现象更被促进了。 补充：accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语 5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President. A. he became B. when becoming C. became D. did he become 答案：A分析：before为状语从句引导词conj，后面一般引导一个完整的句子。B同时出现两个状语从句引导词，错;C缺主语;D应该为正常语序，选项中使用了倒装句式，错。 参考译文：里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长。 6. _________，domesticated grapes grow in clusters，range in color from pale green to black，and contain
2017年01月07日托福口语考题回忆 Task 1 The university wants to provide student more entertainments and three choices provided below, which do you prefer and why. l A theater performance by the student actors l A concert provided by professional musician l A lecture from a professor Sample Answer: Well, as a student, I will choose a theater performance by the student actors. For one thing, this kind of activity will improve their cooperation skills. To be more specific, a theater performance includes the whole process of organizing, participating, and promoting an event. Whether the student director or the actor take the responsibility to achieve his/her duty, so this is a great opportunity for them to learn how to deal with other people. Moreover, a performance could greatly inspire them to be more creative. I mean, in order to make a good show, students may have lots of difficulties to cope with, so they have to be flexible to face any emergency. As a result, they may come up with lots of new ideas to make it. Because of these two reasons, I believe this is the best choice. (140 words) Task 2 Friends may disagree with each other, and still maintain friendship. Do you agree with or disagree with this idea, why Sample Answer: Of course I agree with this idea. Firstly people are bound to be different. We have various family background as well as education background even though we are friends. So it is quite naturally that there come up different ideas toward one problem. For example I like watching movie in the movie theatre while my best friend Amy hate sitting in the dark place. But I never require her to go with me; we are still very close friends. Also, the friend who holds a different attitude with me sometimes could inspire me to think from another way. Maybe a very sharp discussion can lead me to an inspiring idea. After all, the experiences and knowledge of one person is limited. For me, I like the friend who are differ from me. (132 words) Task 3 阅读 标题：Create a Student Magazine 原因1： Students spend a lot of time on their paper, and some of them have high quality. So we need a magazine to publish those good quality papers.
托福真题：《1997年10月托福考试阅读理解全真试题》-托福真题 《1997年10月托福考试阅读理解全真试题》 Question 1-7 Hotels were among the earliest facilities that bound the United States together. They were both creatures and creators of communities, as well as symptoms of the frenetic quest for community. Even in the first part of the nineteenth century, Americans were already forming the habit of gathering from all corners of the nation for both public and private, business and pleasure purposes. Conventions were the new occasions, and hotels were distinctively American facilities making conven- tions possible. The first national convention of a major party to choose a candidate for President (that of the National Republican party, which met on December 12, 1831, and nominated Henry Clay for President) was held in Baltimore, at a hotel that was then reputed to be the best in the country. The presence in Baltimore of Barnum s City Hotel, a six-story building with two hundred apartments helps explain why many other early national political conventions were held there. In the longer run, too. American hotels made other national conventions not only possible but pleasant and convivial. The growing custom of regularly assembling from afar the representatives of all kinds of groups - not only for political conventions, but also for commercial, professional, learned, and avocational ones - in turn supported the multiplying hotels. By mid-twentieth century, conventions accounted for over a third of the yearly room occupancy of all hotels in the nation, about eighteen thousand different conventions were held annually with a total attendance of about ten million persons. Nineteenth-century American hotelkeepers, who were no
2019托福阅读：模拟试题及答案解析（6） 【托福】 Although only 1 person in 20 in the Colonial period lived in a city, the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America. They were at the cutting edge of social change. It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared — the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coat or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools. "The cities predicted the future," wrote historian Gary. B. Nash, "even though they were but overgrown villages compared to the great urban centers of Europe, the Middle East and China." Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16,000 in 1760, cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century. In the fifteen years prior to the outbreak of the War for independence in 1775, more than 200,000 immigrants arrived on North American shores. This meant that a population the size of Boston was arriving every year, and most of it flowed into the port cities in the Northeast. Philadelphia's population nearly doubted in those years, reaching about 30,000 in 1774, New York grew at almost the same rate, reaching about 25,000 by 1775. The quality of the hinterland dictated the pace of growth of the cities. The land surrounding Boston had always been poor farm country, and by the mid-eighteenth century it
2015 13 1.25 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? When working on a project, it’s better for classmates or colleagues to communicate face to face than sending emails. 2.1 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Movies and televisions have more negative influences than positive influences on young people's behavior. 3.7 2 Some people think that it is an important part of a child’s education to go on field trips (for example, museums), other people think a child’s time is better spent learning in a classroom at school. What is your opinion? 3.28 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It's better to complete a project and then start another one than to do several things at the same time. 4.12 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should spend money helping more people access the Internet instead of improving public transportation. 6.13 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It's better to spend money enjoying life like going on vacation than to save money for the future. 6.29 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: it's better to make friends with intelligent people than with people who have a sense of humor? 9.5 In order to attract more tourists, the government could either improve safety by hiring more police or improve its appearance by repairing old buildings and streets. Which way do you think is more effective? 9.12 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to achieve success, we must be more similar to others than be different from others. 10.10 Which is better for children's education: 9-month study and 3-month break or 3-month study and 1-month break? 10.11 Instead of spending money on exploration of outer space, government should 10.25
托福（TOEFL）考试阅读模拟试题（4） Questions 11-20 Philosophy in the second half of the 19th century was based more on biology and history than on mathematics and physics. Revolutionary thought drifted away from metaphysics and epistemology and shifted more towards ideologies in science, politics, and sociology. Pragmatism became the most vigorous school of thought in American philosophy during this time, and it continued the empiricist tradition of grounding knowledge on experience and stressing the inductive procedures of experimental science. The three most important pragmatists of this period were the American philosophers Charles Peirce (1839-1914), considered to be the first of the American pragmatists, William James (1842-1910), the first great American psychologist, and John Dewey (1859-1952), who further developed the pragmatic principles of Peirce and James into a comprehensive system of thought that he called “experimental naturalism”, or “instrumentalism”. Pragmatism was generally critical of traditional western philosophy, especially the notion that there are absolute truths and absolute values. In contrast, Josiah Royce (1855-1916), was a leading American exponent of idealism at this time, who believed in an absolute truth and held that human thought and the external world were unified. Pragmatism called for ideas and theories to be tested in practice, assessing whether they produced desirable or undesirable results. Although pragmatism was popular for a time in Europe, most agree that it epitomized the American faith in know-how and practicality, and the equally American distrust of abstract theories and ideologies. Pragmatism is best understood in its historical and cultural context. It arose during a period of rapid scientific advancement, industrialization, and material progress; a time when the theory of evolution suggested to many thinkers that humanity and society are in a perpetual state of progress. This period also saw a decline in traditional religious beliefs and values. As a result, it became necessary to rethink fundamental ideas about values, religion, science, community, and individuality. Pragmatists regarded all theories and institutions as tentative hypotheses and solutions.
Section Two: Structure and Written Expression 1. crumbles readily when exposed to a moist, acid atmosphere, but the stone is durable in adry atmosphere. (A) The surface of marble is (B) The surface of marble, which (C) Although the surface of marble (D) The surface of marble 2. By using their trunks, elephants can tell the shape of an object and is rough or smooth, orhot or cold. (A) it (B) whether it (C) how (D) since it 3. In 1989 Carret Hongo was chosen as for the Pulitzer Prize in poetry. (A) his being one of the finalists (B) to be one of the finalists (C) one of the finalists (D) the one finalist who 4. The Moon is much closer to Earthis the Sun, and thus it had greater influence on the tides. (A) unlike (B) than (C) but (D) where 5. The brain of an average adult is one of the largest organs of the body, about three pounds. (A) weighs (B) is weighed (C) weighing (D) to weigh it 6. Throughout history different representations for numbers and for the basic process ofcounting. (A) have been many (B) there have been many (C) many (D) when many 7. Democratic governments constantly face the problem of balancing the individual with theneeds of society. (A) the rights of (B) to the rights for (C) for the rights to (D) with the rights by 8. Connecticut was the fifth of the original thirteen states the Constitution of the UnitedStates. (A) ratified (B) ratify (C) to ratify (D) have ratified 9. The chemical composition of sandstone is the same as (A) that of sand (B) that sand is (C) sand is that (D) what of sand 10. Hydrofoils can exceed 75 miles per hour, as compared with conventional watercraft, whosemaximum speeds approach 50 miles per hour. (A) are rarely (B) rarely (C) of rarely (D) they rarely 11. It was novelist and poet in 1968 founded Jackson State University's Institute for theStudy of the History, Life, and Culture of Black People. (A) Margaret Walker did (B) Margaret Walker (C) Margaret Walker who (D) Margaret Walker and 12. Before the Europeans arrived, American Indians were using virgin copper into ornaments,knives, and other artifacts. (A) Which was hammering (B) which hammered (C) was hammered (D) hammered 13. In western North America, form the Great Divide, which separates the areas fromwhich waters flow either eastward to the Atlantic or westward to the Pacific. (A) the Rocky Mountains (B) where the Rocky Mountains (C) the Rocky Mountains in which 1