Section Two: Structure and Written Expression
1. crumbles readily when exposed to a moist, acid atmosphere, but the stone is durable in adry atmosphere.
(A) The surface of marble is
(B) The surface of marble, which
(C) Although the surface of marble
(D) The surface of marble
2. By using their trunks, elephants can tell the shape of an object and is rough or smooth, orhot or cold.
(A) it
(B) whether it
(C) how
(D) since it
3. In 1989 Carret Hongo was chosen as for the Pulitzer Prize in poetry.
(A) his being one of the finalists
(B) to be one of the finalists
(C) one of the finalists
(D) the one finalist who
4. The Moon is much closer to Earthis the Sun, and thus it had greater influence on the tides.
(A) unlike
(B) than
(C) but
(D) where
5. The brain of an average adult is one of the largest organs of the body, about three pounds.
(A) weighs
(B) is weighed
(C) weighing
(D) to weigh it
6. Throughout history different representations for numbers and for the basic process ofcounting.
(A) have been many
(B) there have been many
(C) many
(D) when many
7. Democratic governments constantly face the problem of balancing the individual with theneeds of society.
(A) the rights of
(B) to the rights for
(C) for the rights to
(D) with the rights by
8. Connecticut was the fifth of the original thirteen states the Constitution of the UnitedStates.
(A) ratified
(B) ratify
(C) to ratify
(D) have ratified
9. The chemical composition of sandstone is the same as
(A) that of sand
(B) that sand is
(C) sand is that
(D) what of sand
10. Hydrofoils can exceed 75 miles per hour, as compared with conventional watercraft, whosemaximum speeds approach 50 miles per hour.
(A) are rarely
(B) rarely
(C) of rarely
(D) they rarely
11. It was novelist and poet in 1968 founded Jackson State University's Institute for theStudy of the History, Life, and Culture of Black People.
(A) Margaret Walker did
(B) Margaret Walker
(C) Margaret Walker who
(D) Margaret Walker and
12. Before the Europeans arrived, American Indians were using virgin copper into ornaments,knives, and other artifacts.
(A) Which was hammering
(B) which hammered
(C) was hammered
(D) hammered
13. In western North America, form the Great Divide, which separates the areas fromwhich waters flow either eastward to the Atlantic or westward to the Pacific.
(A) the Rocky Mountains
(B) where the Rocky Mountains
(C) the Rocky Mountains in which
1
(D) there are the Rocky Mountains
14. Some ecologists believe more than 50 percent of existing species will be lost in the next100 years.
(A) because
(B) that
(C) while there is
(D) that there are 15. Almost substances expand in volume when heated and contract when cooled.
(A) all
(B) they all
(C) all of
(D) all are
16. A children's librarian often conducts story hours and other activities to help children
A B
enjoy herself while developing an interest in reading and the library's resources.
C D
17. Titanium has the strength of steel but weighs half only as much, hence its advantage
A B C
for use in aircraft.
D
18. Protective behaviors of amphibians include hiding in the presence of danger and
A B
having coloration such closely matching the environment that the animal is not
C D
obvious.
19. As the highest-paid star of the silent screen, earning a reputedly income of $20, 000
AB C
a week, Gloria Swanson epitomized the glamour of Hollywood in the 1920's.
D
20. Candles may be made by repeatedly dipping wicks in tallow, by molding, nor by
A B
pouring melted wax over the wicks and rolling them into shape.
C D
21. While models of automobiles date back as far as the late 1600's, the 1880's
A B
seen the first commercial interest in the vehicle.
C D
22. The conceptual of musical harmony is generally traced to the ninth century because
A B C
it is first mentioned in treatises of that period.
D
23. Palcontologists have examined fossil embryos and hatchlings from three type of
A B C
2
duck-billed dinosaurs to figure out how they matured.
D
24. Lightning tends to strike the nearest good conductor, and hence often strikes
A B
in same place more than once.
C D
25. When study different cultures and societies, anthropologists often focus on marriage
A B
as a contractual agreement between different parties.
C D
26. The first piloted balloon flight across the Atlantic Ocean took place at 1978.
A B CD
27. The Arts and Crafts Movement of the late nineteenth century strove to revitalizing
A handicrafts and applied arts during an era of increasing mass production.
B C D
28. When cannedusing proper methods, food suffers no loss in vitamins or another
A B C D
nutritive elements.
29. Heat exhaustion is causing by excessive loss of body fluids and body salts.
A B C D
30. Primitive humans probably did not deliberately cook food until long after they had
A B
learned to use fire for light and warm.
C D
31. The poor condition of prisoners are what concerned Dorothea Dix, an American
A B C
social worker and director of a school in Boston.
D
32. Found in the shells of lobsters, shrimp, and crabs, glucosamine is also present
A B C
in human cartilage, which covering the bones in joints.
D
33. Between 1871 until 1891, the population of Toronto more than tripled, increasing
A B C
3
from 56,000 to 181,000.
D
34. In the nineteenth century, Montreal grew into an important transportation and
A B
industrial center, aided by its many natural resources and an abundant of
C D
hydroelectric power.
35. In the initial planning for theaters, auditoriums, but any room intended primarily
A B C
for listening, acoustics is a major consideration.
D
36. The pulse that may be felt wherever an artery passes over a solid structure, such as
A B C
a bone or cartilage.
D
37. Through his essays, poems, and lectures, Ralph Waldo Emersonestablished himself
A B
as a major thinker of his time and as a figure leadingof American literature.
C D
38. The "method", which is both a style of acting a system of training for the actor,
A B
stresses inner motivation and psychological truth.
C D
39. On September 6, 1996, civil rights activist Rosa Parks was awarded the Presidential
A B
Medal of Freedom, the highest honor the United States government gives to civilian.
C D
40. Basalt, which composes most of the ocean floor, is a dark-grey rock rich in iron
A B C D
and magnesium than most surface rocks.
Section Three: Reading Comprehension Question 1-10
By far the most important United States export product in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was cotton, favored by the European textile industry over flax or wool because it was easy to process and soft to tile touch. Mechanization of spinning
4
Line and weaving allowed significant centralization and expansion in the textile industry during 5this period, and at the same time the demand for cotton increased dramatically. American producers were able to meet this demand largely because of tile invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793. Cotton could be grown throughout the South, but separating the fiber---or lint--from the seed was a laborious process. Sea island cotton was relatively
easy to process by hand, because its fibers were long and seeds were concentrated at the 10base of the flower, but it demanded a long growing season, available only along the nation's eastern seacoast. Short-staple cotton required a much shorter growing season,
but the shortness of the fibers and their mixture with seeds meant that a worker could
hand-process only about one pound per day. Whitney's gin was a hand-powered machine with revolving drums and metal teeth to pull cotton fibers away from seeds. Using the gin, 15a worker could produce up to '50 pounds of lint a day. The later development of larger gins, powered by horses, water, or steam, multiplied productivity further.
The interaction of improved processing and high demand led to the rapid spread of the cultivation of cotton and to a surge in production. It became the main American
export, dwarfing all others. In 1802, cotton composed 14 percent of total American
20exports by value. Cotton had a 36 percent share by 1810 and over a 50 percent share in 1830. In 1860, 61 percent of the value of American exports was represented by cotton.
In contrast, wheat and wheat flour composed only 6 percent of the value of American
exports in that year. Clearly, cotton was king in the trade of the young republic. The
growing market for cotton and other American agricultural products led to an
25unprecedented expansion of agricultural settlement, mostly in the eastern half of the United States---west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River.
1. The main point of the passage is that the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were a time when
(A) the European textile industry increased its demand for American export products
(B) mechanization of spinning and weaving dramatically changed the textile industry (C) cotton became a profitable crop but was still time-consuming to process
(D) cotton became the most important American export product
2. The word "favored" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) preferred
(B) recommended
(C) imported
(D) included
3. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as reasons for the increased demand for cotton EXCEPT
(A) cotton's softness
(B) cotton's ease of processing
(C) a shortage of flax and wool
(D) the growth that occurred in the textile industry.
4. The word "laborious" in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) unfamiliar
(B) primitive
(C) skilled
(D) difficult
5. According to the passage, one advantage of sea
island cotton was its
(A) abundance of seeds
(B) long fibers
(C) long growing season
(D) adaptability to different climates
6. Which of the following can be inferred from
the passage about cotton production in the United States after the introduction of Whitney's cotton gin?
(A) More cotton came from sea island cotton
plants than before.
(B) More cotton came from short-staple cotton
plants than before.
(C) Most cotton produced was sold domestically.
(D) Most cotton produced was exported to
England.
7. The word "surge" in line 18 is closest in
meaning to
(A) sharp increase
(B) sudden stop
(C) important change
5
(D) excess amount
8. The author mentions "wheat and wheat flour" in line 22 in order to
(A) show that Americans exported more agricultural products than they imported.
(B) show the increase in the amount of wheat products exported.
(C) demonstrate the importance of cotton among American export products.
(D) demonstrate that wheat farming was becoming more profitable.
9. The word "unprecedented" in line 25 is closest in meaning to (A) slow
(B) profitable
(C) not seen before
(D) never explained
10. According to the passage, the Mississippi River was
(A) one of the boundaries of a region where new agricultural settlement took place
(B) a major source of water for agricultural crops
(C) the primary route by which agricultural crops were transported
(D) a main source of power for most agricultural machinery
Question 11-19
The origins of nest-building remain obscure, but current observation of nest-building activities provide evidence of their evolution. Clues to this evolutionary process can be
found in the activities of play and in the behavior and movements of birds during mating, Line such as incessant pulling at strips of vegetation or scraping of the soil. During the early
5 days of the reproductive cycle, the birds seem only to play with the building materials. In
preparation for mating, they engage in activities that resemble nest-building, and continue
these activities throughout and even after the mating cycle. Effective attempts at construction occur only after mating.
Although nest-building is an instinctive ability, there is considerable adaptability in
10both site selection and use of materials, especially with those species which build quite elaborate constructions. Furthermore, some element of learning is often evident since
younger birds do not build as well as their practiced elders. Young ravens, for example,
first attempt to build with sticks of quite unsuitable size, while a jackdaw's first nest
includes virtually any movable object. The novelist John Steinbeck recorded the contents
15of a young osprey nest built in his garden, which included three shirts, a bath towel, and one arrow.
Birds also display remarkable behavior in collecting building materials. Crows have been seen to tear off stout green twigs, and sparrowhawks will dive purposefully onto a
branch until it snaps and then hang upside down to break it off. Golden eagles, over
20generations of work, construct enormous nests. One of these, examined after it had been dislodged by high winds, weighed almost two tons and included foundation branches
almost two meters long. The carrying capacity of the eagles, however, is only relative to
their size ant1 most birds are able to carry an extra load of just over twenty percent of their body weight.
11. The word "obscure" in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) interesting
(B) unclear
(C) imperfect
(D) complex
12. According to the passage, which of the following activities is characteristic of the early part of
the reproductive cycle of birds?
(A) Selecting a mate
(B) Collecting nest-building materials
(C) Playing with nest-building materials
(D) Building a nest
13. The word "display" in line 17 is closest in
meaning to
(A) communicate
(B) imitate
(C) initiate
(D) exhibit
6
14. The novelist John Steinbeck is mentioned in line 14 because he
(A) conducted a scientific study on the behavior of ospreys
(B) was the first to describe where ospreys built their nests
(C) described the materials ospreys can use to build their nests
(D) compared the size of osprey nests with the nests of other species
15. Which of the following birds are mentioned as those that build nests that include unusual objects?
(A) Ravens
(B) Ospreys
(C) Crows
(D) Sparrowhawks
16. According to the passage, when gathering materials to build their nests, sparrowhawks do which of the following?
(A) Hang upside down
(B) Select only green twigs
(C) Use objects blowing in the wind (D) Collect more branches than necessary
17. The word "these" in line 20 refers to
(A) golden eagles
(B) generations
(C) winds
(D) nests
18. The word "load" in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) weight
(B) number
(C) section
(D) level
19. The author mentions twenty percent in line 23 to indicate that
(A) eagles are twenty percent bigger than most birds
(B) twenty percent of all nests include foundation branches
(C) the nests of eagles are twenty percent of larger than those of other birds
(D) birds can carry twenty percent of their own weight
Question 20-30
A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, that provides
information concerning how people think and act. In the United States, the best-known
surveys are the Gallup poll and the Harris poll. As anyone who watches the news duringLine presidential campaigns knows, these polls have become an important part of political life in
5the United States.
North Americans are familiar with the many "person on the street? interviews on local television news shows. While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not
necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion. First, they reflect the opinions of only
those people who appear at a certain location. Thus, such samples can be biased in favor
10of commuters, middle-class shoppers, or factory workers, depending On which area the newspeople select. Second, television interviews tend to attract outgoing people who are
willing to appear on the air, while they frighten away others who may feel intimidated by
a camera. A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely
reflect a broad range of the population.
15In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercise great care in the wording of questions. An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to
understand it. It must also be specific enough so that there are no problems in interpreting
the results. Even questions that are less structured must be carefully phrased in order to elicit the type of information desired. Surveys can be indispensable sources of information, but
20 only if the sampling is done properly and the questions are worded accurately.
There are two main forms of surveys: the interview and the questionnaire. Each of these forms of survey research has its advantages. An interviewer can obtain a high response rate
because people find it more difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than
7
to throw away a written questionnaire. In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written 25 questions and probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons. However, questionnaires
have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent.
20. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The history of surveys in North America
(B) The principles of conducting surveys
(C) Problems associated with interpreting surveys
(D) The importance of polls in American political life
21. The word "they" in line 8 refers to
(A) North Americans
(B) news shows
(C) interviews
(D) opinions
22. According to the passage, the main disadvantage of person-on-the-street interviews is that
they
(A) are not based on a representative sampling
(B) are used only on television
(C) are not carefully worded
(D) reflect political opinions
23. The word "precise" in line 13 is closest in meaning to
(A) planned
(B) rational
(C) required
(D) accurate
24. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is most important for an effective survey?
(A) A high number of respondents
(B) Carefully worded questions
(C) An interviewer's ability to measure respondents' feelings
(D) A sociologist who is able to interpret the results
25. The word "exercise" in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) utilize
(B) consider (C) design
(D) defend
26. The word "elicit" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) compose
(B) rule out
(C) predict
(D) bring out
27. It can be inferred from the passage that one reason that sociologists may become frustrated with questionnaires is that
(A) respondents often do not complete and return questionnaires
(B) questionnaires are often difficult to read
(C) questionnaires are expensive and difficult to distribute
(D) respondents are too eager to supplement questions with their own opinions
28. According to the passage, one advantage of live interviews over questionnaires is that live interviews
(A) cost less
(B) can produce more information
(C) are easier to interpret
(D) minimize the influence of the researcher
29. The word "probe" in line 25 is closest in meaning to
(A) explore
(B) influence
(C) analyze
(D) apply
30. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?
(A) Survey (line 1)
(B) Public opinion (line 8)
(C) Representative sampling (line 13)
(D) Response rate (line 22)
Question 31-39
Perhaps one of the most dramatic and important changes that took place in the Mesozoic era occurred late in that era, among the small organisms that populate the uppermost, sunlit portion of the oceans--the plankton. The term "plankton" is a broad
8
Line one, designating all of the small plants and animals that float about or weakly propel
5themselves through the sea. In the late stages of the Mesozoic era. during the Cretaceous period, there was a great expansion of plankton that precipitated skeletons or shells
composed of two types of mineral: silica and calcium carbonate. This development
radically changed the types of sediments that accumulated on the seafloor, because,
while the organic parts of the plankton decayed after the organisms died, their mineralized 10skeletons often survived and sank to the bottom. For the first time in the Earth's long history, very large quantities of silica skeletons, which would eventually harden into rock, began to pile up in parts of the deep sea. Thick deposits of calcareous ooze made up of
the tiny remains of the calcium carbonate-secreting plankton also accumulated as never
before. The famous white chalk cliffs of Dover, in the southeast of England, are just one 15example of the huge quantities of such material that amassed during the Cretaceous period; there are many more. Just why the calcareous plankton were so prolific during
the latter part of the Cretaceous period is not fully understood. Such massive amounts
of chalky sediments have never since been deposited over a comparable period of time.
The high biological productivity of the Cretaceous oceans also led to ideal conditions
20for oil accumulation. Oil is formed when organic material trapped in sediments is slowly buried and subjected to increased temperatures and pressures, transforming it into
petroleum. Sediments rich in organic material accumulated along the margins of the
Tethys Seaway, the tropical east-west ocean that formed when Earth's single landmass
(known as Pangaea) split apart during the Mesozoic era. Many of today's important oil
25fields are found in those sediments--in Russia, the Middle East, the Gulf of Mexico, and in the states of Texas and Louisiana in the United States.
31. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) How sediments were built up in oceans during the Cretaceous period
(B) How petroleum was formed in the Mesozoic era
(C) The impact of changes in oceanic animal and plant life in the Mesozoic era
(D) The differences between plankton found in the present era and Cretaceous plankton
32. The passage indicates that the Creiaceous period occurred
(A) in the early part of the Mesozoic era
(B) in the middle part of the Mesozoic era
(C) in the later part of the Mesozoic era
(D) after the Mesozoic era
33. The passage mentions all of the following aspects of plankton EXCEPT
(A) the length of their lives
(B) the level of the ocean at which they are found
(C) their movement
(D) their size
34. The word "accumulated" in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) depended
(B) matured
(C) dissolved
(D) collected
35. According to the passage, the most dramatic
change to the oceans caused by plankton during the Cretaceous period concerned
(A) the depth of the water
(B) the makeup of the sediment on the ocean
floor
(C) the decrease in petroleum-producing
sediment
(D) a decline in the quantity of calcareous ooze
on the seafloor
36. The "white chalk cliffs of Dover" are
mentioned in line 14 of the passage to
(A) show where the plankton sediment first began
to build up
(B) provide an example of a plankton buildup
that scientists cannot explain
(C) provide an example of the buildup of
plankton sediment
(D) indicate the largest single plankton buildup
on Earth
37. The word "prolific" in line 16 is closest in
meaning to
(A) fruitful
(B) distinct
(C) determined
9
(D) energetic
38. The word "ideal" in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) common
(B) clear
(C) perfect
(D) immediate 39. The word "it" in line 21 refers to
(A) biological productivity
(B) oil
(C) organic material
(D) petroleum
Question 40-50
Of all modern instruments, the violin is apparently one of the simplest. It consists in essence of a hollow, varnished wooden sound box, or resonator, and a long neck, covered with a fingerboard, along which four strings are stretched at high tension. The beauty of Linedesign, shape, and decoration is no accident: the proportions of the instrument are
5determined almost entirely by acoustical considerations. Its simplicity of appearance is deceptive. About 70 parts are involved in the construction of a violin, Its tone and its
outstanding range of expressiveness make it an ideal solo instrument. No less important.
however, is its role as an orchestral and chamber instrument. In combination with the
larger and deeper-sounding members of the same family, the violins form the nucleus
10of the modern symphony orchestra.
The violin has been in existence since about 1550. Its importance as an instrument in its own right dates from the early 1600's, when it first became standard in Italian
opera orchestras. Its stature as an orchestral instrument was raised further when in 1626 Louis XIII of France established at his court the orchestra known as Les vingt-quatre
15violons du Roy (The King's 24 Violins), which was to become widely famous later in the century.
In its early history, the violin had a dull and rather quiet tone resulting from the fact that the strings were thick and were attached to the body of the instrument very loosely.
During the eighteenth and nineteenth century, exciting technical changes were inspired 20by such composer-violinists as Vivaldi and Tartini. Their instrumental compositions demanded a fuller, clearer, and more brilliant tone that was produced by using thinner
strings and a far higher string tension. Small changes had to be made to the violin's
internal structure and to the fingerboard so that they could withstand the extra strain.
Accordingly, ,a higher standard of performance was achieved, in terms of both facility 25and interpretation. Left-hand technique was considerably elaborated, and new fingering patterns on the fingerboard were developed for very high notes.
10
老托福阅读真题及答案解析 托福从听、说、读、写四方面进行英语能力全面考核。托福频道为大家提供了这四个方面的资料，希望对大家有所帮助。 Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates. When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment. In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest. 1. What is the main idea of the passage ? (A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment. (B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs. (C) Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots. (D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation. 2. The word "They" in line 2 refers to
0308 托福试题 阅读( 55minutes ) Question 1-11 seen in putrefying materials .He did (10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it had trapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteur found that in ordinary air these exists a variety of solid structures ranging in size from 0.01 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of these bodies resembled the reproductive (15) structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells . As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen If food is allowed to stand for some time, putrefies .When the putrefied material is examined microscopically ,it is teeming with bacteria. Where do these bacteria come from , since they are fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenth century, many people believed microorganisms originated by spontaneous (5 ) generation ,a hypothetical living organisms develop from nonliving matter. The most powerful spontaneous generation microbiologist Louis showed that structures present in air closely found not that it to be seen in such process by which of the theory of French chemist and opponent was the Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur resemble the microorganisms
高分托福高手经验谈作文 2019-02-26 第一次考托福的时候靠懵了，一出来的时候据我的同学说脸色是惨白的，8月19日那天突然降温，台风来了。我在风雨飘摇中在新东方作了最后一次模考(事后才知道是0401的)，自信心备受打击，没有到600。那天晚上我失眠了，11点的时候爬起来做语法，却发掘以前有很多信心的语法开始猛错。倒下睡觉。心里却碰碰直跳。12点半，我开始起来背托福词汇，自信心还是一点没有。那种自我怀疑的感觉到现在还历历在目。一晚没睡。第二天早上一听红牛就去考试。我那个据说能考到650的同学坐在我前面，我更加心神不宁。 分数出来了，我只有603…… 那时虽然复习时间不多，但我知道，自信心的缺乏才是考托福的第一大敌。一旦没有自信心，语感，神志，逻辑，心理，状态都会崩溃，然后做题的感觉和套路会大打折扣。 我从8月2日上新东方才开始正式复习托福。在那之前由于要准备SAT，我已经粗略的背过一遍红宝。但看到托福的题之后，最慌的是听力，然后是阅读。一开始我觉得托福的阅读是很难的。一方面是因为当时阅读的方法有问题，总是以整篇文章一起读，以为抓住了重点，却还要在众多细节题上回到文章重读。后来我根据新东方老师的“出题顺序与文章顺序大体一致”，分段读并且在题目中寻找答案的位置，还是有很大的提高的。另一方面是因为水平确实不够。阅读水平固然需要词汇，但是又牵涉到逻辑、语法之类的词汇间能力，对于当时只有高二英语水平的我来说，未免有些困难。第一次托福考完之后很快就恢复过来，开始准备SAT。SAT无论从词汇量还是文章难度上都比托福有了很大提高。SAT的题目第一次见到的时候就好像天书，觉得没有做得出来的题目。那时高三开学了，学习任务很重。每天复习到很晚，基本上都是在背单词以及阅读文章寻找做题感觉。文章读多了以后，虽然还是觉得很难，但逐渐看懂了。SAT的essay要求比较高，首先是没有模版的。虽然事先可以练一个定式，但废话模式肯定得不到高分。而且SAT写满46行却只给25分钟，这也是个很大的.挑战。这种作文模式我直到考SAT前还是要常常失误，心理没底。不过大概真的是aimhighandachieve，当我再次回到托福准备11T的时候，就突然发觉阅读变得简单了，那些句型和逻辑就好像是在看高考题，十分清晰，而且提问的问题也都可以方便的找到。这样信心就增加了一点。在写作文的时候，用的是一种半八股的方式，即有很多内容是事先写好的，由于有了SAT的练习，不到二十分钟一篇写满两页的作文就可以写好了。这样信心又增加了一点。至于听力，我在一段时间中一直在看英语的原版片，一段时间夏令营去了英国，与鬼子对话的同时，几天之内连看了 BatmanBegins,HarryPorter3,BJ,MinorityReport,Shreck等影片，当时满脑子都是对话和英语，虽然当中的很多习语在toefl中是不会出现的，但当我回到Toefl的时候，相似的情况出现了。听力也变得简单了，直观的感觉就是speaker的口齿清晰了，对话也慢了。这样一来，信心更多了。于是那天怀着
你要找的小托福考试阅读模拟题在这里！ 小托福的词汇量和语法难度相当于大学英语四级的水平，如果考生想要考一个好成绩，一定要多多练习，下文分享的就是小托福考试阅读模拟题，一起阅读下吧~ 在阅读部分，文章会涉及到人文学科、科学、社会科学等内容，学生要注意掌握文章主要内容，抓住关键点，了解作者意图并进行推理。同时，阅读部分的文章形式也十分多样，如电子邮件、信件、新闻、学生写作、广告、日程表等，学生需要在平时积累一些关于习惯用语的表达。 小托福考试阅读模拟题： 模拟题1： Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous-perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon river. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same times as the northern volcanic plains formed. Question: According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of the outflow channels on Mars EXCEPT: A. They formed at around the same time that volcanic activity was occurring on the northern plains. B. They are found only on certain parts of the Martian surface. C. They sometimes empty onto what appear to have once been the wet sands of tidal beaches. D. They are thought to have carried water northward from the equatorial regions. 答案：C 解析：题干问的是原文关于“outflow channels”的描述。在真正考试中，把原文阅读完毕再去和选项比较会花费较多时间。因此，比较合理的做题顺序是，先读选项，然后拿选项和原文信息去比对。 A选项说的是outflow channel的形成时间和火山活动在北部平原的发生时间是相同的。快速浏览原文，只有在最后一句提到了它们的形成时间，说大概在30亿年前，about引导的时间状语很重要，补充说明了这一时间和北部火山平原形成的时间相同。A正确。 B选项说的是火山形成的地点，只在火星表面的特定区域。看原文，第二句，说的是它们只在赤道区域出现。B 也正确。
2017年01月07日托福口语考题回忆 Task 1 The university wants to provide student more entertainments and three choices provided below, which do you prefer and why. l A theater performance by the student actors l A concert provided by professional musician l A lecture from a professor Sample Answer: Well, as a student, I will choose a theater performance by the student actors. For one thing, this kind of activity will improve their cooperation skills. To be more specific, a theater performance includes the whole process of organizing, participating, and promoting an event. Whether the student director or the actor take the responsibility to achieve his/her duty, so this is a great opportunity for them to learn how to deal with other people. Moreover, a performance could greatly inspire them to be more creative. I mean, in order to make a good show, students may have lots of difficulties to cope with, so they have to be flexible to face any emergency. As a result, they may come up with lots of new ideas to make it. Because of these two reasons, I believe this is the best choice. (140 words) Task 2 Friends may disagree with each other, and still maintain friendship. Do you agree with or disagree with this idea, why Sample Answer: Of course I agree with this idea. Firstly people are bound to be different. We have various family background as well as education background even though we are friends. So it is quite naturally that there come up different ideas toward one problem. For example I like watching movie in the movie theatre while my best friend Amy hate sitting in the dark place. But I never require her to go with me; we are still very close friends. Also, the friend who holds a different attitude with me sometimes could inspire me to think from another way. Maybe a very sharp discussion can lead me to an inspiring idea. After all, the experiences and knowledge of one person is limited. For me, I like the friend who are differ from me. (132 words) Task 3 阅读 标题：Create a Student Magazine 原因1： Students spend a lot of time on their paper, and some of them have high quality. So we need a magazine to publish those good quality papers.
2019托福阅读：模拟试题及答案解析（6） 【托福】 Although only 1 person in 20 in the Colonial period lived in a city, the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America. They were at the cutting edge of social change. It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared — the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coat or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools. "The cities predicted the future," wrote historian Gary. B. Nash, "even though they were but overgrown villages compared to the great urban centers of Europe, the Middle East and China." Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16,000 in 1760, cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century. In the fifteen years prior to the outbreak of the War for independence in 1775, more than 200,000 immigrants arrived on North American shores. This meant that a population the size of Boston was arriving every year, and most of it flowed into the port cities in the Northeast. Philadelphia's population nearly doubted in those years, reaching about 30,000 in 1774, New York grew at almost the same rate, reaching about 25,000 by 1775. The quality of the hinterland dictated the pace of growth of the cities. The land surrounding Boston had always been poor farm country, and by the mid-eighteenth century it
托福高分经验汇总：听说读写应该怎么练托福考试的考察非常全面，听说读写面面俱到，所以大家在备考的时候也需要每个方面都顾及到。今天给大家带来了托福高分经验汇总：听说读写应该怎么练,希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福高分经验汇总：听说读写应该怎么练?一.考托福必过词汇关许多托福拿到高分的大神都强调了背单词的重要性。其实词汇是很基础的东西，但是非常重要。托福词汇可以说是贯彻了托福备考的始终，托福单词书要背，阅读、听力、写作和口语里遇到的生词也要记，所以，考托福必过词汇关。二.托福阅读：快速，准确，多练习大多取得高分的考生都认为阅读是个长期积累的过程，但是积累是基础，其实新托福考试中还考察了我们的另外一个能力，考试技巧。你需要迅速把握文章内容、识别题目、针对不同题目进行不同解法，以及快速排除错误选项，所以基础打好以后，阅读还是要多练习。一定要做到快速，准确。三. 托福听力：速记能力很重要大神推荐的听力考试方法都会提到速记能力。Lecture部分，大家需要记好笔记，因为篇幅过长，只靠短暂记忆很容易忽略一些细节，做题时可能已经忘了，所以速记能力是托福听力拿高分的关键。关于听力对话部分是否需要记笔记，大家意见不一，有的人说一定要记，也有的人说不用。其实两者各有优缺点，大家在练习时找一找感觉，看看自己适应哪种方式。四. 托福口语：注意逻辑性和时间掌控大神分享的托福口语高分经验中，除了多练习之外，大部分都强调了口语表达的逻辑性和对时间的把握。考试的时间有限，口语的表达很重要的一点就是逻辑性，
一定要条理清晰地表达，另外需要把握好时间，在有限的时间内把自己的观点陈述完成。另外，平时练习口语，如果能找外教一对一练习，效果也是很不错的。需要注意的是，口语练习一定不要背模板，因为表达起来过于生硬，不如在练习中自己总结模板。五.托福写作：重基础，多练习托福写作分为两块，综合写作和独立写作。综合写作也会涉及到一些听力和阅读，主要考察总结归纳能力。独立写作是需要你自己去完整构思文章的，所以需要自己去构思文章，填充细节，举例论证等等，文章内容越充实越好，自己写的论点要能够自圆其说。另外，不要被写作要求的字数限制住，一定要将自己的思想表达完整，字数超过一些是不会扣分的。托福语法技巧：复合名词1 名词+名词：LondonTransport伦敦公交公司Fleet Street舰队街(伦敦的报馆 街)TowerBridge(伦敦泰晤士河上的)塔楼桥hall door大厅的门traffic warden交通管理员petrol tank汽油桶，汽油罐hitch-hiker沿路搭便车的人，搭顺风车的人sky-jacker劫机者river bank河岸，江岸kitchentable厨房用的桌子winterclothes冬季服装2 名词+动名词：fruit picking摘水果lorry driving开运货汽车coal-mining采煤weight-lifting 举重bird-watching观察/研究鸟类surf-riding冲浪运动3 动名词+名词：waiting list等候者名单diving-board跳板driving licence驾驶执照landing card登陆卡dining-room餐厅，食堂swimming pool游泳池这些组合可用在：1 当第二个名词属于第一个名词或是它的一部分时：shopwindow商店橱窗picture frame镜框college library大学图书馆church bell教堂的钟gardengate花园的大门gear lever变速杆但是一些
Section Two: Structure and Written Expression 1. crumbles readily when exposed to a moist, acid atmosphere, but the stone is durable in adry atmosphere. (A) The surface of marble is (B) The surface of marble, which (C) Although the surface of marble (D) The surface of marble 2. By using their trunks, elephants can tell the shape of an object and is rough or smooth, orhot or cold. (A) it (B) whether it (C) how (D) since it 3. In 1989 Carret Hongo was chosen as for the Pulitzer Prize in poetry. (A) his being one of the finalists (B) to be one of the finalists (C) one of the finalists (D) the one finalist who 4. The Moon is much closer to Earthis the Sun, and thus it had greater influence on the tides. (A) unlike (B) than (C) but (D) where 5. The brain of an average adult is one of the largest organs of the body, about three pounds. (A) weighs (B) is weighed (C) weighing (D) to weigh it 6. Throughout history different representations for numbers and for the basic process ofcounting. (A) have been many (B) there have been many (C) many (D) when many 7. Democratic governments constantly face the problem of balancing the individual with theneeds of society. (A) the rights of (B) to the rights for (C) for the rights to (D) with the rights by 8. Connecticut was the fifth of the original thirteen states the Constitution of the UnitedStates. (A) ratified (B) ratify (C) to ratify (D) have ratified 9. The chemical composition of sandstone is the same as (A) that of sand (B) that sand is (C) sand is that (D) what of sand 10. Hydrofoils can exceed 75 miles per hour, as compared with conventional watercraft, whosemaximum speeds approach 50 miles per hour. (A) are rarely (B) rarely (C) of rarely (D) they rarely 11. It was novelist and poet in 1968 founded Jackson State University's Institute for theStudy of the History, Life, and Culture of Black People. (A) Margaret Walker did (B) Margaret Walker (C) Margaret Walker who (D) Margaret Walker and 12. Before the Europeans arrived, American Indians were using virgin copper into ornaments,knives, and other artifacts. (A) Which was hammering (B) which hammered (C) was hammered (D) hammered 13. In western North America, form the Great Divide, which separates the areas fromwhich waters flow either eastward to the Atlantic or westward to the Pacific. (A) the Rocky Mountains (B) where the Rocky Mountains (C) the Rocky Mountains in which 1
0308 托福试题 阅读（55minutes） Question 1-11 If food is allowed to stand for some time, it putrefies .When the putrefied material is examined microscopically ,it is found to be teeming with bacteria. Where do these bacteria come from , since they are not seen in fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenth century, many people believed that such microorganisms originated by spontaneous (5 ) generation ,a hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter. The most powerful opponent of the theory of spontaneous generation was the French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur showed that structures present in air closely resemble the microorganisms seen in putrefying materials .He did (10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it had trapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteur found that in ordinary air these exists a variety of solid structures ranging in size from 0.1 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of these bodies resembled the reproductive (15)structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells . As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen liters of ordinary air ,and they could not be distinguished from the organisms found in much larger numbers in putrefying materials .Pasteur concluded that the organisms found in putrefying materials originated from the organized bodies present in the air .He postulated that
托福考试复习经验总结 看了这里大家的总结，忍不住也想put some words. 首先，不要轻视TOEFL，尤其TWE，一个简单的标准，如果六级考试60、 70分，最好是能抽出一个月以上的时间专攻一下TOEFL。多练几篇TWE。 第二，背单词。单词是基础。能够基本保证自己考试时阅读不至于反复回读，单词量至少7000。我建议刘毅的Vocabulary10000，看这本书中每个单词 的英文解释，背单元各自列举的近义、反义词。 第三，对听力而言，只有多听，2000年以后的更要反复听，以前听说都会 有重复出现的考题的，可惜今年没有碰到(包括短对话也没有，挺郁闷的)。如 果只是为了应付TOEFL，没必要看电影，听广播，能抄写下段子题，应该就能 证明你的实力了。 第四，语法。我强调细心，一定要把整道题读完再选答案。分析句子结构，一定不能多了、少了谓语。我上过新东方的TOEFL班，语法是铁岭老师教的。 最后一节课，他组织了一个总结。于是慨叹，这就是那第六个包子，饱了。说 多了。应付语法需要细心+勤练，如果每次对答案错的题目都似曾相识，总结就必要了。即使你觉得它最简单，最好也保持一天做一套。 第五，阅读。我没话说。除了背单词，就只有多做了。可我笨，每次都错 主题题，我就是搞不清楚一个段子讲些什么。开始我总结作题技巧，提取各选 项的关键词(主语)=文章的关键词。可这次1月的考试，发现不灵了，比方说最后一篇，斟酌良久依然是蒙了一个。 第六，作文。我自己比较懒得去写。我搜罗了网上的类似“作文高手句子 锦囊101招”之类的帖子打印下来仔细看，自己组织了两份模版(分别针对同意不同意，和同意A还是同意B，这样两种题型，其实就首段不一样)套用，比较 管用，最起码帮自己堆积了不少字码。当然，作文多练手，灵活运用各种句型，才是根本。 1月考T经历。 我外地去天津考的，报名很晚，安排给我的座位却靠前在第一排。我才知 道TOEFL考试还有带同桌的。当我放书包在窗台上转身回座位时真呆了，同桌！天大的桌子是拼起来的，跟我同桌的男生巨力大无穷，写作文N次用橡皮去擦，我只能停笔等他结束。 我们考场耳机给的声音巨大，为了压住所谓的机器正常噪音，我们也只能 忍了。听得我考完了耳朵里持久嗡嗡的响。我觉得听力的趋势是短对话更难， 我复习用的2000年以后的题，也就2003-01还有些相似，在我感觉，其他的与
0308托福试题 阅读（55minutes） Question 1-11 If food is allowed to stand for some time, it putrefies .When the putrefied material is examined microscopically ,it is found to be teeming with bacteria. Where do these bacteria come from , since they are not seen in fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenth century, many people believed that such microorganisms originated by spontaneous (5 ) generation ,a hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter. The most powerful opponent of the theory of spontaneous generation was the French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur showed that structures present in air closely resemble the microorganisms seen in putrefying materials .He did (10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it had trapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteur found that in ordinary air these exists a variety of solid structures ranging in size from 0.01 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of these bodies resembled the reproductive (15)structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells . As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen liters of ordinary air ,and they could not be distinguished from the organisms found in much larger numbers in putrefying materials .Pasteur concluded that the organisms found in putrefying materials originated from the organized bodies present in the air .He postulated that these bodies are constantly (20)being deposited on all objects. Pasteur showed that if a nutrient solution was sealed in a glass flask and heated to boiling to destroy all the living organisms contaminating it, it never putrefied .The proponents of spontaneous generation declared that fresh air was necessary for spontaneous generation and that the air inside the sealed flask was affected in some way (25)by heating so that it would no longer support spontaneous generation. Pasteur constructed a swan-necked flask in which putrefying materials could he heated to boiling, but air could reenter. The bends in the neck prevented microorganisms from getting in the flask.. Material sterilized in such a flask did not putrefy. 1,What does the passage mainly discuss? (a)Pasteur’s influence on the development of the microscope. (b)The origin of the theory of spontaneous generation . (c)The effects of pasteurization on food. (d)Pasteur’s argument agai nst the theory of spontaneous generation . 2,The phrase “teeming with ”in line 2 is closest in meaning to (a)full of (b)developing into (c)resistant to (d)hurt by 3,Which of the following questions did the theory of spontaneous generation attempt to answer? (a)What is the origin of the living organisms are seen on some food? (b)How many types of organisms can be found on food? (c)What is the most effective way to prepare living organisms for microscopic examination? (d)How long can food stand before it putrefies? 4,The word “resemble” in line 9 is closest in meaning to