混凝土破坏机理
摘要：土木工程与井巷工程材料中，混凝土具有成本低廉、来源容易、经久耐用、维修能耗低等优点，因此被广泛应用于土木工程的各个方面和井巷工程中的各个方面。但是，由于设计、施工和选材不当、碳化作用、环境污染、化冰盐的使用、外力冲撞、微生物腐蚀等物理和化学作用，大量混凝土构筑物不能达到预期寿命而破坏，并因此带来财产损失和能源、资源的浪费以及安全隐患。因此，深入研究混凝土的腐蚀机理十分必要。本文从混凝土破坏的根源----混凝土结构出发，剖析混凝土破坏的原理，分别从碳化作用、氯盐的腐蚀、硫酸盐的腐蚀、镁盐的腐蚀、酸的腐蚀、碱的腐蚀、微生物的腐蚀、钢筋锈蚀裂胀、干湿循环、冻融破坏、盐结晶破坏、外力破坏、抗冲耐磨、交互作用破坏、浸析作用等分析了混凝土破坏的原理。
关键词：混凝土；破坏；腐蚀
Pick to: in civil engineering and mine engineering material, concrete has low cost, easy source, durable, low energy consumption advantages of maintenance, so they are widely used in all aspects of civil engineering and mine engineering in various aspects. But, because of improper design, construction and material selection, carbonation, the use of environmental pollution, deicing salt, collision, microbiological corrosion and other physical and chemical forces, a large number of concrete structures can not reach life expectancy and the damage, and thus lead to property loss and waste of energy, resources and safe hidden trouble. Therefore, it is necessary to in-depth study the corrosion mechanism of concrete. In this paper, starting from the root cause of damage of concrete, concrete structure, analyzes the principle of concrete damage, respectively from the carbonation, chloride salt corrosion, sulfate corrosion, corrosion of magnesium salt, acid, alkali corrosion, microbiological corrosion of rebar corrosion crack corrosion, expansion, dry-wet circulation, freeze-thaw damage, salt damage, external force damage, resistance to impact damage, wear-resisting, interaction leaching function of the principle of concrete damage are analyzed.
Key words: reinforced concrete; Damage; The corrosion
前言
硬化水泥浆体是一非均质的多项体系，由各种水化产物和残存熟料所构成固相以及存在于孔隙中的水和空气所组成，所以是固液气三相多孔体。已有的研究表明，影响混凝土耐久性的各种破坏过程几乎都与其孔隙组成（孔结构和孔隙率）有密切关系，根本上取决于混凝土的渗透性。
另外混凝土的宏观组织结构是由粗细集料颗粒分散在水泥浆基体中所构成