第一章
1.I have read with much satisfaction the phrase which you quote concerning the number of strongholds. Yes, there must be few of them, but good ones.
我非常满意的阅读了你所引用的关于要塞数量的一段文字。是的，你讲的对，要塞的数量一定不宜过多，但是质量要好。
2.When she pointed out that it must be he who spread the rumor, he retorted:“No,no!”当她指出一定是他散布的谣言时，他极力反驳到，“不，这事不是我干的。”
3.“We do not”, she reminded us gently, “Want to trouble him”, we all shook our heads.
她轻轻地提醒我们说，“我们不要去打扰他了。”我们都点点头表示同意。
4.“几点了？”“都22了，还不快点。”
What?s the time?
It?s already twenty-two past the hour.
So hurry us,then.
5. It seems to me what is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.
我似乎觉得应该一视同仁。
6.The birds with the same feather flock together.物以类聚
7.All that glitters is not gold. 发光的不一定都是金子。
8.他看见我那辆漂亮的新车就非常眼红。
When he saw my splendid new car, he was absolutely green with envy.
9.我讨厌这个寻花问柳的家伙。I feel disgusted at this womanzing man.
10. Tanslation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
翻译在于在译文中用最为贴切自然的对等语，首先在含含义上，再在风格上再现原文的思想。
11. Translation can be defined as follows: The replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language.
翻译可以定义为，用一种语言的篇章材料代替与之对等的另一种语言的篇章材料。
12. A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work; The style and manner or writing should be of the same character as that of the original;
A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.
翻译应该完全再现原文的思想，译文的风格与特点要与原文保持一致，译文与原文一样要自然流畅。
第二章
1.The very earth trembled as with the tramps of horses and murmur of angry men.
大地在颤抖，仿佛万马奔腾，千夫怒吼。
2.The message is profoundly simple, and profoundly mysterious also: life goes on. That is all there is to it. Everything that is, was; and everything that is, will be.
这段话既简单无比有神秘无穷，生命在继续，世界上一切事物也都是如此，现在是这样，过去是这样，将来也是这样。
3.当老师的应当有耐心Teachers should be patient with their students.
4.他耸耸肩摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话也不说。
He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.
5.狮子是百兽之王。A lion is a king of the animals.
6. In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué.
晚间，在参加完宴会，听完音乐会，看完兵乓球比赛后，他还要起草最后文件。
7. He is a complicated man---moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.
他性格复杂---情绪多变，反复无常，忧郁寡欢。
8. A red sun rise slowly from the calm sea.一轮红日从平静的海面上冉冉升起。
9. Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, writing an exact man.
阅读使人充实，讨论使人机敏，写作使人严谨。
10. Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own,
从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。
11. Don?t take it seriously. I am just making fun of you.
别当真嘛，我只是和你开个玩笑罢了。
12. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
13 没有调查研究就没有发言权。
He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.
14. 三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮。
Three cobbles with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.
15. Several millions of people have lived near or below the breadline for almost two decades.
几百万的人生活在贫困线附近或者贫困线之下近二十年。
16. “小李，什么时候请吃糖啊？”王奶奶笑着问道。“还没定呢”他脸一红。“Xiao Li,” Granny smiled, “ when can I eat your wedding candy?”“ I don?t know.”She blushed with shyness.
17. He started to his feet with the intention of awaking the sleepers, for there was no time to lose.
他突然起身打算叫醒睡觉的人们，因为时间很紧，必须马上出发。
18. She was ready to go, but first she wanted her book to be (in print)
她准备离开人世，不过首先她要看到自己的书出版之后再离开。
19.In the evening, after her favorite TV drama and a hot bath, she would take a short walk in the neighborhood.
晚间，他在看了他最喜爱的电视剧，洗个热水澡后，在附近散了会步。
20.The ice melted away. 冰雪慢慢地融化了。
21.Monica has a cleanliness disorder and everything in her kitchen shines.
Monica患有洁癖，她把厨房里的每样东西都擦得闪闪发光。
22.I had never thought that he?d like me, but he did.
我从来都没想到他会喜欢我，但他居然会喜欢我。
23.他喜欢指出别人的缺点，但用意是好的
He likes to point out others? weaknesses, but he means well.
24.早知道他不在家，我就不来了。
If I had known he was not in, I would not have come.
25.阳光灿烂，晴空万里。The sun is bright, and the sky is clear.
26.她洗了头，用毛巾擦干。She washed her hair and dried it with a towel.
27.打一场胜仗不如战胜自己。
It is better to conquer yourself than to win a thousand battles.
28.He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.
他很瘦很憔悴看上去一副可怜相。
29.Outside it was pitch dark, and it was raining cats and dogs.
外边漆黑一团，大雨倾盆。
30.If winter comes, can spring be far behind?冬天来了，春天还会远么？
31.University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.报考大学的考生有工作经验者优先录取。
32.The prole suffers physically, but he?s a free man when he isn?t working.
无产者在身体上承受巨大的痛苦，可是不工作时却是自由的。
33.I burst into a shout of laughter as I looked at George?s wrathful face. I rolled in my chair. I very nearly fell on the floor.
看见乔治那张愤怒的面孔，我禁不住大笑起来，在椅子上笑的前仰后合，差点掉到地板上。
34.I went up to him and held out my hand.我向他走去伸出手。
35.George beat his clenched fist on the table.他将紧握的拳头狠狠地砸在桌子上。
36.With life as short as it is, with so many pressing demands on our time, why should we spend precious time on works of imagination?
生命如此短暂，拥有那么多紧迫的事情需要处理，为什么又要花那么多宝贵的时间去阅读那些想象的作品呢？
37.Conflict of interest is difficult to discern when the interests involved are your own. 涉及到个人利益时，利益冲突很难察觉。
38.It is obvious that beauty can be a double-edged sword for women.
显然美貌对女人来讲是把双刃剑。
39.It is beauty that captures your attentions; personality that captures your heart.
美貌能吸引人的注意，个性却能捕获人心。
40.I could not help thinking of this fable when the other day I saw George lunching by himself in a restaurant.
有一天看见乔治独自一人在一家餐馆吃午饭时我禁不住想起了这则寓言。
41.Since love is the beauty of the soul, when love grows within you, so beauty grows. 爱是心灵之美，心中的爱增加了，美也就增加了。
42.If you look closely at a tree you will notice its knots and dead branches. What we learn is that beauty and imperfection go together wonderfully.
仔细观察一棵树，你会注意到一个个树结和枯枝，我们从中可以领悟到美丽和缺陷是可以共存的，而且是那样的美妙。
43.New to Washington, Reagan was comfortable in his clothes and certain in his beliefs.里根总统初到华盛顿上任时，里根总统穿着得体信心百倍。
44.Ihe FIFA World Cup kicked off in Germany on June 9th 2006.
世界杯于2006年6月9日在德国开幕。
45.Smokong is not allowed in the storehouse.仓库禁止吸烟。
46.很难说。It is hard to say.
47.明天下雨我就呆在家里。If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
48.但我就是这个样子，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。
But it?s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven?t been able to change it.
49.老师没布置作业就宣布下课了。
The teacher dismissed the class without any assignment.
50.我没有闲工夫为这些琐事操心。I don?t have the time to worry about such trifles.
51.听到那消息后，她一下子陷入了绝望。She sank into despair on hearing the news.
52.这件衬衫真是价廉物美。This shirt is indeed cheap and fine.
53.我刚和我先生交往时，他是个学生，和你男朋友现在一样穷。
When I first went out with my husband, he was a student, and was as poor as your boyfriend.
54.We live and learn.活到老学到老。
55.You can never tell.说不准。
56.One could never get real rest without a peaceful heart.心静则安（心不静眠不安）
57.He races around the room, rolls his eyes in an alarming way and rams his tongue out of the side of his mouth.
他在房间里跑来跑去，眼珠转个不停，将舌头伸出嘴角，一副吓人的样子。58.In September 1939, the Second World War broke out.
1939年9月，第二次世界大战爆发。
59.那个小伙子有点愣头愣脑的。The young fellow is somewhat rash.
60.该委员会机构庞大，缺乏效率。The committee is bulky and inefficient.
61.他连续讲了一个小时的英语，没有出现任何错误。
He has been speaking English for an hour without any mistakes.
62.观众突然爆发出掌声。The audience broke into applause.
63.他反复玩味着她的来信。He lingered over her letter.
64.There have been poverty, pestilence and famine, which were due to man?s inadequate mastery of nature. There have been wars, oppressions and tortunes which have been due to men …s hostility to their fellow men.
由于人类不能充分地掌控自然，贫穷瘟疫饥荒长期存在。由于人们仇视自己的同类，战争剥削苦难连年不断。
65.I?m not much of a singer.我不太会唱歌。
66.She is a lover of Chinese food.她喜欢吃中国菜。
67.One of the major reasons for his joylessness in our university life is that the students see themselves as prisoners of economic necessity.
大学生活枯燥乏味的主要原因之一是学生们自己认为受制于经济上的需求。68.The sight and sound of so many cute babies reminded her of her own two-year-old. 看见这么可爱的宝宝，听见他们的声音，使他想起了自己两岁的孩子。
69.I think my little sister is a better teacher than I.我认为我小妹教书教的比我好。
70.In Italy and Great Britain, they have passed a ban against all cigarette advertisements on TV.
意大利和英国颁布了一项法令，禁止在电视上播放所有香烟广告。
71.Each year dogs are sent out into the snow whenever a traveler is difficulty.
每年人们都要把狗放入到雪地里去救援那些遇到困难的游客们。
72.The cat is lying in the sun. 这只猫躺在地上晒太阳。
73.We drove home a bit after midnight, over the river and through the old sleeping
town.午夜刚过，我们驱车回家，驶过小河，穿过这一沉睡着的古老小镇。
74.Every day he drives her to and from work.每天他开车送她上下班。
75.He got on the motorbike and roared off the night.
他跨上摩托车，呼啸着消失在夜幕中。
76.The two old women were chatting over the garden fence.
两位老妇人隔着篱笆墙聊天。
77.She went to Yifu Building for a lecture.她去逸夫楼听讲座。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a4491432.html,ernment of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.由人民选举，受人民拥护，为人民服务的政府永远不会在这个世界上消失。
79.All the wounded were sent to the hospital right away,
人们立刻将所有的伤病员送到医院。
80.“Yes”, he said with a slow nod,他慢慢的点点头说“是的”
81.I am not ashamed to confess I am ignorant of what I do not know.
不懂得东西我就承认自己不懂，对此我不感到羞愧。
82.What characterizes almost all Hollywood films is an inner emptiness.
几乎所有好莱坞电影的特点都是内容空洞。
83.She felt that he seemed to personify the evil that was in the world.
她感到他似乎是这个世界上所有邪恶的化身。
84.She promptly shepherded them out of the crowed living room and into the privacy of the library.她迅速将他们带离拥挤的客厅，来到了的图书馆。
85.The conference was a success.这次会议很成功。
86．He is physically strong but mentally retarded.他身体强壮可是智力上有缺陷。
87.After a busy and productive day, he felt deliciously tired.
经过繁忙充实的一天，虽然感到很累，可是心里美滋滋的。
88.他很能喝。He is a great drinker.
89.她老爱撒谎。She is a liar.
90.有人认为，女人一生中最重要的事就是选择一位称心如意的伴侣。
Some people think that the most important act in a woman?s life is the selection of the right partner.
91,我同意你的说法。I am with you.
92.我超过了退休年龄，但仍在继续教书。
She continued to teach beyond retirement age.
93.再来一瓶香槟吧，由我来请。
Let?s get another bottle of champagne. It?s on me.
94.很明显，他的情绪受到了影响。It?s obvious that he is emotionally disturbed.
95.他反对的理由是：这个计划不现实。He objected that the plan is not practical.
96.他喜欢和她交谈，喜欢看她既甜美又若有所思的表情。
He enjoys his conversation with her and the sweetly pensive look on her face.
97.他故意在沙发下丢了五十元钱，想看看保姆是否诚实。
To test the maid?s honesty, he deliberately left 50 yuan under the sofa.
98.他确信自己做得对。He was sure that he had done the right thing.
99.The internal war was a drain on the resources of the country.
这场内战极大地消耗了该国的资源。
100.My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once.我建议他应该立刻戒烟。
101.His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.
不论什么事只要他在场准能成功。
102.He has long been used to last-minute decisions.
长期以来他一直习惯于在最后一刻做决定。
103.An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.
熟悉世界史有助于研究时事政治。
104.Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.
党的领导干部吃着简陋的食物，住着寒冷的窑洞，借着昏暗的灯光长时间工作。105.The best remedy for a short temper is a long walk.
长时间散步是治愈急脾气的最好方法。
106.The orphan was hungry for affection.这个孤儿极其渴望得到关爱。
107.As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you could give him some help.
由于他对这个城市一点都不了解，所以我希望你能给他一些帮助。
108.This is sheer nonsense.纯粹是胡说八道。
109.我非常感激父亲，因为我小时候他总是不断地鼓励我。
I am very grateful to my father for his continuous encouragements in my childhood. 110.我俩都是业余演员，不过他演的比我好。
We are both amateur actors, but he is a better actor.
111.他酷爱古典音乐。He is a great lover of classical music.
112.他来到我家请求帮助。He came to my house for help.
113.他来了，而且还带着他的两个女儿。He came here with his two daughters. 114.你追求什么？What do you pursue?
115.他交朋友从不加选择。He makes friends without any selections.
116.她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她当时很紧张。
Her pale face clearly showed her nervousness then.
定语从句的译法
1.The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.
在他手下工作的人怕他怕得要死。
2.Mathematics who have tried to use computers to copy the way the brain works have found that using even the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which weighed over 10000 kilos.
那些试图运用电脑来重现人脑活动方式的数学家发现，即使运用最先进的电子设备他们也得建造10000多公斤的电脑。
3.The universities were closed to those who did not conform to the Church of England.这些大学拒绝招收不信奉英国国教的考生。
4.Galileo lived at a time when the human spirit was waking after a thousand years of sleep.伽利略生活在一个人类灵魂经过千年沉睡而正在苏醒的年代。
5.They saw the first glimmerings of the “new economic order” for which many Third World countries had long been clamoring.
他们看见许多第三世界国家一直在呼吁得到的新经济次序的第一道曙光。
6.Some little boys caught sight, yesterday, of a lot of frogs, which were hopping cheerfully around a pond.
昨天几个小男孩看见了许多青蛙，这些青蛙正在池塘周围欢快的跳跃着。
7.Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends
the virtue of uttering the truth for truth?s sake, and that is “as far as do no harm.”
我们的职业在传统上一直恪守这样的信条，这个信条超越了为讲真话而讲真话的美德，那就是说只要不给病人造成伤害。
8.She had talked to vice-present Nixon, who assured her that everything that could be done would be done.
她与尼克松副总统谈过话了，尼克松向她保证能做的一定尽力而为。
9.They saw at once his face, which was puffy, solemn, and yellow at the best of time. 他们立刻就看见了他那张脸，这张脸庄重严肃，最好看的时候也是蜡黄臃肿。
10.My grandmother lived in that leisurely age when servants were employed to do housework.我的祖母生活在悠闲地年代，在那个年代人们可以雇佣仆人做家务。
11.She was advised to go back home, where she belonged not to come there taking honest men?s break of their mouth.
人们劝她回家去，家才是她该去的地方，而不是去那里抢老实人的饭碗，
12.It was getting dark, we had to quicken our pace and made our way rapidly towards the river where we hoped the boatman was waiting.
天渐渐黑了下来，我们加快脚步快速向河边走去，我们希望船夫还在河边等我们。
13.He had already fought three bloody duels, in which he gave ample proofs of his contempt for death.
他已经进行三次血腥的决斗了，这充分证明了他不惧怕死亡。
14.They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.他们想出了新的生产方法是生产效益得以迅速提高。
15.The sun, which had hidden all day, now came over in all its splendor.
太阳整天躲在云层里，现在出来了，光芒万丈。
16.I had noticed many children who ignored the fences and found holes to allow them through.我已经注意到很多孩子，他们不管有没有栅栏，看见缺口就钻了进去。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a4491432.html,st night, I saw Modern limes with Charles Chaplin playing the leading role, which I think one of the most amusing films.
昨天晚上我观看了有查尔斯卓别林主演的摩登时代，我认为这是最好看的电影之一。
18.We are peoples that have inherited ancient wisdom, that know the worth of biding one?s time and recognized opportunity for combat.
我们的人民继承了古代的智慧，懂得如何等待时机和抓住战机的价值。
19.Mr. Crawley was not a little pleased with the compliment which the governess continually paid him upon his proficiency in French.
女教师不停地夸奖Crawley法语熟练，他听后非常满意。
20.In this city, we had no place where we might lay our heads.
在这个城市，我们没有立足之地（安枕之地）。
21.I have never seen the individual who has dared in my house to question my authority. I have nourished a viper in my bosom.
我没有见过谁敢在我的家里挑战我的权威，就像在胸口上养了条毒蛇。
22.This is the way that Americans themselves become familiar with one another.
美国人就是这样相互熟悉的。
23.A foreign friend said they were a family that must beg to stay alive.
一个外国朋友说他们家靠乞讨为生。
24.I was down in the cellar of society, down in the subterranean depth of misery about which it is neither nice nor proper to speak.
我身处社会的底层，陷入了苦难的深渊，苦不堪言。
25.She seeks happiness in selfish enjoyment, where it can never be found.
他在自私的享乐中寻求幸福，结果永远也找不到。
26.In 1929, the whole American society developed an acute crisis of economy which almost destroyed the whole American Economy.
1929年，整个美国社会爆发了严重的经济危机，几乎摧毁了整个美国经济。27.They are far more valuable endowments for a female than those fugitive charms which a few years will inevitably tarnish.
对于女性来讲有比美貌更有价值的东西，因为美貌几年后会不可避免的消失28.A solid fuel, like coal or wood, can only burn at the surface,where it comes into contact with the air.
29.We know that a cat,whose eyes can takes in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.
30.We maintain that no peace situation is permanent which does not take into account the legitimate wishes of the majority of the people of any country.
我们坚持认为如果不把国家内多数人的合法愿望考虑进去和平形势是不会长久的。
31.He would be a rash man, who should venture to forecast the results of this experiment.
如果谁能冒险事先讲出这次试验的结果，他就是一个鲁莽的人。
32.Men became desperate for work, any work, which would help them to keep their families.人们迫切希望得到工作，什么工作都行，只要能帮他们养家糊口。
33.Geroge, who was a handicapped man, is good at swimming.
乔治虽然是个残疾人，可是游泳很擅长。
34.The manager insisted on the building another villa, which he had no use for.
这位经理坚持在建一幢别墅，尽管他并无此需求。
35.Tom, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiments, could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mechanically.
虽然Tom在实验前仔细阅读了实验说明，但由于他生搬硬套，并没有得到理想结果。
36.The mother-in-law badgered the bride and demanded at least another thousand dollars from Sudha?s brother, who by then was preparing for a wedding of his own.
婆婆整天挑儿媳妇的错，要求她哥哥在拿出至少1000美金，但当时他正在准备自己的婚礼。
37.Chinese trade delegations have been sent to Asian- African countries who will negotiate trade agreements with the respective governments.
中国政府派出贸易代表团前往亚非各国以便同各自的国家政府洽谈贸易协定。38.While at a museum, one can frequently rent a small recording machine that will explain the objects on display as you move through the museum.
在参观博物馆期间，人们经常租用一台小型录音机，以便一边参观一边收听产品解释。
39，It was not until sixty years ago that a method of extracting aluminum ore was found which could lead to a cheap large-scale process,
直到六十年前人们才发现了从铝矿石中提炼铝的方法，从而降低了生产成本，使大规模冶炼过程成为可能。
40.He who would do such things would not deserve respect.
谁做了这样的事情，就得不到尊重。
41. Electrical energy that is supplied to a lamp can be turned into light energy.
提供给电灯的电能可以转化为光能。
42.Mrs Smith who has been married to her husband for nearly 20 years, still doesn?t know him very well.
虽然史密斯夫人嫁给丈夫二十多年了，但对他仍不是很了解。
43.She insisted on buying another coat and skirt, which she has no use for.
她坚持再买一套衣裙，尽管她并无此需求。
44.The nervous system consists of a great number of nervous, which like the blood vessels extend to all parts of the body.
神经系统由大量神经组成，它们就像血管一样遍及全身各个部位。
45.There was an air about her which showed plainer than any words that she was both weary and disappointed.
她脸上的神情比任何语言更清楚地表明，她不仅疲倦而且很失望。
46.He would have to be careful not to offend the foreman, who could give him the sack at any time.
他处处小心谨慎一面冒犯工头，因为工头可以随时解雇他。
47.Buried underground were bodies of plants and animals which were transformed into petroleum during the course hundreds of millions years,
埋在地下的是动植物的遗体，这些遗体经过千百亿年的演变变成石油。
48.Charlie, who never believed in interfering if it could be avoided, left her alone, hoping that she would eventually come around.
Charlie 相信能避免的就尽量避免，尽量不要打扰别人，随她去吧，希望有一天她能回心转意。
49.Icy road and poor visibility led to the accident.
路面结冰了，能见度又差，从而导致事故的发生。
50.A week?s growth of beard made him look almost a stranger to us.
一周没刮胡子了，我们都差点认不出他了。
51.His firm handshake impressed me a lot.他紧紧握着我的手，使我印象深刻。
52.His insecurity contributes to the effectiveness of flattery in his direction.
他缺乏自信，这就是别人对他奉承讨好十分有效。
53.Winston Churchill, today an idealized hero of history, was in his time considered an unstable politician.
Winston Churchill今天被人们当成理想化的英雄，可在当时却被认为是一个立场摇摆不定的政客。
54.Many donators were justifiably angry that their money had been seized by corrupt official.很多捐款人的钱落入了贪官手中，被他们占为己有，这使他们极为生气，
这是合情合理的。
55.I tried vainly to persuade him to come to the dinner party.
我试图劝他来参加晚宴，可是我的努力白费了。
56.Not surprisingly, the new legislation poses huge problems for some states, such as California.新的法律如加利福利亚一些州带来了很多问题，这点不足为奇。
57.Ideally, the baby would have its father?s intelligence and its mother?s appearance, but sadly, it turned out the other way around.
理想的情况是，宝宝应该遗传父亲的智慧，母亲的容貌，但遗憾的是，情况经常恰恰相反。
58.He stalked away, but with a gnawing uncertainty in his breast.
他昂首离开，可是心里还是半信半疑。
59.He had long been held in cordial contempt by his peers; now that contempt was no longer cordial.
长期以来，他一直受到同北门的鄙视，不过还有亲切感，可是现在除了鄙视亲切感也没有了。
60.One category, practiced by inferior athletes, rewarded the winners with gifts of olive oil.有低水平运动员参加的一个比赛项目，获胜者奖品是橄榄油。
61.Two students turned in homework assignments that were almost identical. The professor reported the incident to the academic dean, leading to an investigation.
两个学生交上来的作业几乎完全相同，该教授将此事报告给了教导主任，随后展开一番调查。
62.Having learned our linguistic lesson well, we go out in the world, only to discover that we are communicative cripples.
学完了语言学课程后，我们走向社会，结果发现我们在交流能力上有欠缺。
63.Our university is famous for its food.我们学校伙食好，这是有名的。
64.His enthusiasm waned with each passing day.
时间一天天过去，他的热情也在不断减退。
65．近年来，很多大学纷纷报告剽窃现象急剧增加。
In recent years many universities have reported a surge in plagiarism.
66.这只是一件小事，在十年或二十年以前不会引起人们的关注，但在职业体育It is a small thing and would have gone unnoticed ten or twenty years ago. But today, in the money jungle of profls.
67.要想有资格评选奖学金，她至少要四门课得A，这对她并不是件难事。
To be eligible for the scholarship, she must get at least for A?s, a relatively easy task for her.
68.我想把这些碎片拼在一起，可是拼不起来。
I tried in vain to put the pieces together.
69.刘翔的妈妈在谈到自己的儿子时，带着一些自豪感，这是可以理解的。
Liu Xiang?s mother spoke with understandable pride of her son.
70.生活达到了像样的水准之后，英国人似乎更乐于休闲，而不是沉于物质享受。Having reached a decent standard, Britons appear to be choosing leisure over goods.
71.冬天，快到阴历年的时候，一个风雪满天的星期日，父亲从外面抱回了许多吃的。It was a winter. One snowy Sunday not long before the lunar New Year, my father came home loaded with all kinds of food.
72.他像大海捞针一样四处打听儿子的下落。
She searched for her son everywhere. It was just like
73.他回家照料病入膏肓的公公。
She went back home to take care of her father in-law, whose illness seemed to be beyond cure.
74.When the minister entered the exhibition room, the manager of the company, a sharp-looking little dark man rushed to offer him a tour.
当部长进入展览大厅时，该公司经理快速走上前去带他参观，该经理身材矮小，皮肤黝黑，看起来很精神的样子。
75.My mother?s terrified voice awoke us in the gray of an early morning.
清晨天色灰蒙蒙的，我们就被母亲吓人的声音所吵醒。
76.I?ve been on a diet for three months, a record never touched before.
我已经节食三个月了，这种情况以前从未有过。
77.The Chinese are justifiably proud of their economic achievement.
中国人民为自己在经济上取得的成就深感自豪，这是合情合理的。
78.That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.
那个地区麻烦不断，这是最容易看得到的。
79.He had hoped in vain for parental support.
他希望得到父母的支持，可是他的希望落空了。
80.Howard, with his down-to-earth spirit and the best of characters, soon won his boss?s trust.
霍华德这个人办事踏实认真，人品好，很快得到老板的信任。
81.1945年4月，第二次世家大战已接近尾声。
In April 1945, the Second World War was coming to an end.
82.他天天去他学校门口等，最后有一天终于守株待兔般的等到了她。
He went to wait for her at the school gate everyday and finally he saw her one day. It was just like waiting for a hare to hit a stump by accident.
83．他在人来人往的候车室坐下，想读会书。
He sat down in the waiting room and wanted to do some reading, where the people were going and coming.
84.他被开除了，这让我们大家都感到非常惊讶。
His dismissal was a great surprise to us all.
85.他感到习语是语言的主要支柱，因此特别主张用主动的短语，他的想法是非常正确的。
He had a sound feeling that idiom was the backbone of a language and he was all for the racy phrases.
86.医生们时常谈论起那种神奇的药物，而且谈论时几乎带着一种敬畏的口气。Doctors often talked about that miracle drug, almost with awe.
87.顺便提一下，我希望史密斯夫妇也能喜欢中国菜。
Incidentally, I hope Mr. and Mrs Smith will also enjoy Chinese food.
89.大家都笑了，她红了脸，急忙跑了出去。
Amid general laughter she went red and hastily left the room.
90.他把自己的自行车卖给了一位室友，卖了五十块钱。
He sold his bike to a dorm mate for fifty Yuan.
0501 戒严与其说是个人的选择, 不如说是对自己毅力的考验, 因为人们普遍认为吸烟是上瘾的. 尽管专家的建议和药物疗法确实能增加永久戒严的可能性, 但是避免这种困境的最好的方法就是不要涉猎吸烟. 吸烟的负面影响在各个程度上是不同的, 它与吸烟的数量以及烟龄的长短, 还有开始吸烟的年龄有关. 这份报告向以下观点提出了质疑, 这种观点认为吸烟几年不会产生永久的危害性的后果. 我们希望阻止这种普遍的但是却是生死攸关的习惯, 并且提醒大家戒烟的时间越长, 和吸烟有关的健康问题就会大幅度地减少. It is increasingly realized that ( There is a growing realization /awareness that ) developing environment-protecting products really count. To fulfill the long-term and substantial development, developed countries should at all costs decrease the emission of greenhouse gases. If the speed of global warming nowadays continues, the probability of disappearance from the earth to such big cities as Tokyo and London will be 10 times as fast as that of 20 years ago. 0506 本书是在全国不同学校讲课几十年的结晶.它基于以下观
托福写作的高分表达方法 很多学生会选择，那么托福写作考试的高分技巧有哪些呢?跟着出guo一起来看看吧!下面是收集的有关托福考试写作技巧的资讯，欢迎阅读。 除了在句式上长短句相结合准确表达外，朗阁海外考试研究中心建议新托福考生要使用一些特殊的句式，以使句型多样化。句型多样化也是作文得到高分的条件之一。除了我们之前经常提到的高分句式，如倒装句、强调句、状语前置、插入语等，笔者还提出另外一个句式的多样变化，即主语多样化。下面笔者将列举几个句子概括介绍前面四种句型，而重点分析主语多样化。 正常句： Luck only works in extreme cases. 倒装句： Only in extreme cases does luck work.(否定词位于句首的倒装。) 正常句： The inter provides people aess to the latest information. 强调句： It is the inter that provides people aess to the latest information. (强调the inter) 正常句： The environment has been deteriorating severely along with the development of industry. 状语前置句： Along with the aelerating development of industry, the environment has been deteriorating severely.
正常句： However, new zoos try to duplicate animals’natural habitats as much as possible and give animals a fortable amount of space. 插入语： New zoos, however, try to duplicate animals’natural habitats as much as possible and give animals a fortable amount of space. (连词however做插入语) 主语多样 1. 她突然想到了一个主意。 She suddenly had an idea. 通常情况下，考生会马上对这句话进行翻译，基本不会动句子结构。但是以人作为主语的英语句子总是不能够很吸引人，所以这个句子如果稍微做下修改，以后面的宾语“主意”做主语，这个句子会发生一些变化。 An idea suddenly ourred to her. 2. 他开车心不在焉，几乎闯祸。 He was absent-minded when driving, and almost caused an aident. 这句话依然是拿人做主语，稍微改一下，把心不在焉这个形容词的名词形式做主语，会大不相同。 His absence of mind during driving nearly caused an aident. 3. 美利坚合众国创立于1789年。
上外考研翻硕 英语基础长难句英译汉翻译整理 1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, marketoriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. [参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。 2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. [参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。 3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. [参考译文] 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那
第19卷第12期 武汉科技学院学报Vol.19 No.12 2006年12月 JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Dec. 2006 英语长句翻译方法及技巧 张艳萍 (湛江师范学院大学外语部, 广东湛江 524048) 摘要：英语长句翻译是英语学习中的一个难点,本文从英汉语言对比的角度，探讨了英汉两种语言的 差异，进一步分析了两种语言长句的特点,概述了英语长句的常用的四种翻译方法，并举例分析了这些 方法在实际中的运用。 关键词：英汉长句；差异；翻译；技巧 中图分类号：H315.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1009－5160(2006)－0200－04 我们在英语教学过程中，往往会发现学生在汉译英时出现中国式英语，英译汉时句子却“西化”。究其原因我认为这主要是因为英语和汉语来自两种完全不同的文化语言体系，语序差别甚大，尤其遇到复杂长句，除了需要较强的对比分析理解能力外，还要求我们掌握一定的翻译理论和技巧以及具备较好的语言表达能力。为此，本人结合自己的英语教学实际，拟从英汉语言对比的角度来对英语长句的翻译问题作些探讨。 1 英汉句子结构的差异 人类语言的多样性，使翻译成为人类交流的重要媒介。同时，由于不同语言体系的差异，在英汉翻译里，英语和汉语会在句法结构、内在逻辑关系存在着明显差异： （1）英语句子重形合，汉语句子重意合。汉语注重隐性连贯注重逻辑事理顺序、注重功能、意义，注重以神统形，形合手段比英语少得多，没有英语所常用的那些关系代词、关系副词、连接代词和连接副词。并且汉语介词数量少，句式结构上也无太多的限制，可以利用说话的语气、环境及语言结构内部的相互衬托等条件使语句尽量辞约义丰。所以汉语是一种必须联系交际人主体意识、语言环境、句子表达功能作动态的意念分析的重“意合”的语言，是有别于英语句子重“形合”，试看下面句子： 例1：My idea of a good P.E. class is one where youth are involved in at least 20 minutes of basic movement that gets their heart rates up. 译文：说到一节好的体育课，我的想法是青年在体育课中至少要进行20分钟使他们心跳加快的基本运动。 这是一个典型的重形合的英语句子，全句用两个关系代词将两个定语从句联系起来，在译文中，将关系一层层理清楚，整句语气从容不迫，这就符合了汉语的叙事方法。 例2：不听老人言，吃亏在眼前。 译文1：If you wish good advice, consult an old man. 原文中的假设关系是隐含的，译成英语时用连词if把假设关系给表达出来，从这一例句可以看出英语重形合而汉语重意合的句子特点。 译文2：Who never consults an old man may suffer loss. 此句用名词性从句来翻译，同样体现了英汉两种语言在“形”和“意”上的区别。 （2）汉语通常根据时间顺序逐个翻译，而英语则较注重空间顺序。 汉语句中可常见两个以上的动词，甚至几乎全句皆动词。如：孩子们手里拿着老师给他们的礼物，唱着、 收稿日期：2006-09-17 作者简介：张艳萍（1978- ），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：英语翻译.
考研英语翻译技巧之英译汉 汉英互译一直是考研英语中的难点，小编整理英译汉中常涉及的难点提出一些建议，并以实际案例进行解析，帮助大家掌握英译汉的翻译技巧，快速掌握英译汉，为考研成功进行最后的冲刺。 难点 1.多为长难句 英译汉句子平均的单词量在30个左右，而且结构复杂，修饰成分多，考生很容易因没有理清句子结构而造成翻译得南辕北辙的现象。 2.需要联系上下文来理解词义 考研英语的英译汉是给你一篇文章，然后从中划出5个句子，因此就必须把词句的含义放到原文中来理解，切不可断章取义，有的词语翻译出来的意思与其本意可能会有不同，这正是英译汉要考察的要点之一。 建议 首先要拥有一定的单词量，背单词不能只知道其常用的意思，还应知道其作为其它属性或者完全与本意看似不相关的其他含义，这样才能在联系上下文翻译的时候对单词的含义做到触类旁通;其次，要有对长难句的“免疫”能力，可以在做阅读题的时候，把典型的复杂长难句记下来，试着划分句子结构，做到熟能生巧。最后，平时可以多看一些英文文章，培养一下语感，有助于对句子含义的整体把握。 真题解析 Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)(2014年考研英语真题Part C) Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music。(46)It is also the reason why when we try to
托福写作翻译句子练习集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
1. 旅游业不但给政府带来税收而且给很多人提供了就业机会。 2. 赌博不但对健康有害，而且会影响家庭和睦。 3. 打工不但能让学生赚零花钱，而且还能让他们学到人际交往的能力。 4. 现在很多学校的校服不但贵，而且还难看，质量不好。 5. 政府不但要多建一些公路，还要鼓励人们多使用公交车。 6. 老人们既不需要很多的钱，也不需要很大的房子，他们最需要的是子女的关心和照顾。 7. 我喜欢旅游，但是，我既没有钱，也没有时间。 8. 在老人院，老人既能够接受到医疗，又能够找到很多有共同话题，共同兴趣的的伙伴。 9. 缴税既是有有利于国家，也是有利于个人。因为政府的税收主要用于公共服务，这个是每个人都会受益的。 10. 打电脑游戏既浪费时间，又有害视力。
11. 打电脑游戏既能使人放松，又能锻炼大脑的灵活性，反映能力 12. 依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。 13. 没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。 14. 许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。 15. 无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。 16. 考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。 17. 尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明飞机会造成灾难性的污染。 18. 没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。 19. 事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。
20. 我们应该不遗余力地保护我们的环境。 21. 现在，人们普遍认为 22. 我同意后者，有如下理由： 23. 这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。 24. 使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。 25. 尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。 26. 在速度和舒适度方面，自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。 27. 通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。 28. 这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。 29. 很多人生活在这样的幻想之中。。。
研究生英语阅读综合教程上 Reading More 翻译 Unit 1 Why Do We Work? Lawyers practice a difficult and demanding profession. They expect to be well compensated. In thinking about what that means, it can help to consider the basic question, “Why do we work?” Samuel Johnson supplied an obvious answer when he famously observed, “No man but a blockhead ever wrote，except for money.” But I am not being paid to write this article, and instead of labeling myself a blockhead, let me refer to the insight of eminent psychologist Theodor Reik: "Work and love—these are the basics. Without them there is neurosis." 律师们从事的是一项要求很高又费神的职业。他们期待优厚的报酬。在思考这句话的含义时，考虑一下这个基本问题会对我们有所帮助：“我们为什么工作？”塞缪尔·约翰逊在他的着名论断“除了笨蛋没有人会写作，除非为了钱。”中显然给出了答案。但我写这篇文章时并没有人付我钱。，而且我非但不会把自己当作傻瓜，还想引用一下着名的心理学家西奥多·赖克的深刻见解：“工作和爱——这是基本需求。没有这两样，人就会得神经官能症。” Why do we work? For money, but also for sanity. We expect and need to be compensated in nonmonetary ways. Noneconomic compensation matters to top-flight lawyers—otherwise, they would have long ago fled to investment banks. Law firms that want to recruit and retain the best (and the sanest) must compensate not only in dollars but also in psychic gratification. Accordingly, managers of elite firms need to think consciously about what lawyers are looking for beyond money. Here are some key noneconomic elements of compensation. 我们为什么工作？为钱，也为有明智的头脑。我们期待并且需要以非货币的方式获得回报，非经济报酬对一流的律师们来说很重要——要不然，他们早就跑到投资银行去了。律师事务所如果要招募并挽留住最好的（也是最有头脑的）律师的话，就必须不仅仅以美元的方式，而且还要以精神满足的方式支付报酬。相应地，一流律师事务所的经理们需要认真地考虑，除了钱律师们还在寻找什么。以下是非经济报酬的一些关键因素。 Professional identity 职业认同感 Many lawyers define themselves with reference to the privileges and attributes of their profession. When firms recognize professional prerogatives, they provide an important form of compensation. 许多律师从行业的特权和性质来诠释他们自己。当律师事务所认可了他们的职业特权时，便提供了一种重要的补偿方式。 For example, Lawyers pride themselves on belonging to a learned profession. By providing opportunities for continued intellectual growth, law firms can simultaneously provide a form of compensation and reinforce a core value of the profession. This isn’t hard to do. Organize and host seminars with leading scholars, support scholarship in-house with
广外研究生翻译作业附译文
07级研究生翻译作业（汉译英） 尺素寸心（节选） 余光中 回信，固然可畏，不回信，也绝非什么乐事。书架上经常叠着百多封未回之信，“债龄”或长或短，长的甚至一年以上，那样的压力，也绝非一个普通的罪徒所能负担的。一叠未回的信，就像一群不散的阴魂，在我罪深孽重的心底幢幢作祟。理论上说来，这些信当然是要回的。我可以坦然向天发誓，在我清醒的时刻，我绝未存心不回人信。问题出在技术上。给我一整个夏夜的空闲，我该先回一年半前的那封信呢，还是七个月前的这封信？隔了这么久，恐怕连谢罪自谴的有效期也早过了吧。在朋友的心目中，
你早已沦为不值得计较的妄人。“莫名其妙！” 是你在江湖上一致的评语。 其实，即使终于鼓起全部的道德勇气，坐在桌前，准备偿付信债于万一，也不是轻易能如愿的。七零八落的新简旧信，漫无规则地充塞在书架上，抽屉里，有的回过，有的未回，“只在此山中，云深不知处”，要找到你决心要回的那一封，耗费的时间和精力，往往数倍于回信本身。再想象朋友接信时的表情，不是喜出望外，而是余怒重炽，你那一点决心就整个崩溃了。你的债，永无清偿之日。不回信，绝不等于忘了朋友，正如世上绝无忘了债主的负债人。在你惶恐的深处，恶魇的尽头，隐隐约约，永远潜伏着这位朋友的怒眉和冷眼，不，你永远忘不了他。你真
正忘掉的，而且忘得那么心安理得，是那些已经得到你回信的朋友。 我的译文： An Excerpt from Unanswered Letters vs Unbounded Friendship By Yu Guangzhong Answering letters does make me flinch; however, not answering them allows me no release at all. Dozens of unanswered letters pile up on my bookshelf, like a sum of debt waiting to be paid. Some have been waiting there for over one year, while some have newly arrived. The pressure from paying off that debt is far beyond what a junior debtor can endure. The stack of unanswered letters are, like
中文： 1. 旅游业不但给政府带来税收而且给很多人提供了就业机会。 2. 赌博不但对健康有害，而且会影响家庭和睦。 3. 打工不但能让学生赚零花钱，而且还能让他们学到人际交往的能力。 4. 现在很多学校的校服不但贵，而且还难看，质量不好。 5. 政府不但要多建一些公路，还要鼓励人们多使用公交车。 6. 老人们既不需要很多的钱，也不需要很大的房子，他们最需要的是子女的关心和照顾。 7. 我喜欢旅游，但是，我既没有钱，也没有时间。 8. 在老人院，老人既能够接受到医疗，又能够找到很多有共同话题，共同兴趣的的伙伴。 9. 缴税既是有有利于国家，也是有利于个人。因为政府的税收主要用于公共服务，这个是每个人都会受益的。 10. 打电脑游戏既浪费时间，又有害视力。 11. 打电脑游戏既能使人放松，又能锻炼大脑的灵活性，反映能力 12. 依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死
于与吸烟有关的疾病。 13. 没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。 14. 许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。 15. 无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。 16. 考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。 17. 尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明飞机会造成灾难性的污染。 18. 没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。 19. 事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。 20. 我们应该不遗余力地保护我们的环境。 21. 现在，人们普遍认为 22. 我同意后者，有如下理由： 23. 这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。 24. 使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。 25. 尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。 26. 在速度和舒适度方面，自行车是无法和汽车、火
Unit 1 1. 他相当足球明星的梦想随着时间的推移慢慢消退了。 His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by. 2. 一架波音747 飞机没有升到足够的高度以飞越那座高山，转瞬间一头撞向大山爆炸了。机上无人生还。 A Boeing 747 aircraft didn 't gain enough height to clear the mountain. In a twinkling, it crashed into the mountain and blew up. No one survived the accident. 3. 学生们可以很容易地获得图书馆的资源，所以他们应该充分地利用好图书馆。Students have easy access to the resources in the library, so they are supposed to make the best of it. 4. 当时世界上最豪华的游轮泰坦尼克号在她前往美国的途中撞到了冰山，结果轮船沉没在大西洋中，成百上千的人死于这场海难。 Titanic, the most luxurious ship in the world at that time , hit an iceberg when she was under way to the US. Consequently, the ship sank into the Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck. 5. 每天夏天，游客们都涌向这一著名的海滩。来此享受日光浴的游客像沙丁鱼一样挤满了海滩。 Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach. They lie packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunbathing. 6. 他们曾经到圣路易斯去过一次，对于哪里的新奇事物稍微知道一个大概，可是现在他们的光荣时代已经成过去了。他们从此自知没趣，再也不说话了，而且每逢这个毫不留情的机匠走过来的时候，他们就知道赶快躲开。 The have been to St. Louis once and have a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory is over now. They lapse into humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless engineer approaches. Unit 2 1. 有些网络专家认为因特网可以防止战争、减少污染，还能克服种种形式的不平等。Some cyber gurus claim that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality. 2. 不可否认，因特网可以增进交流，但他却无法消除战争，因为战争的爆发并不仅仅是由于不同种族间缺乏充分理解而引起的。 Although the Internet undeniably fosters communication, it will not put an end to war, since wars are by no means caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately. 3. 只有当网上的活动能够真正取代现实世界中的行为时，因特网才能帮助节约能源，减少污染。 The Internet can help reduce energy consumption and pollution only if doing things online genuinely displaces real-world activities. 4. 穷人不用因特网并不是因为他们买不起，而是因为他们缺乏必要的技能来有效地利用它，所以提高老百姓的文化水平要比给他们提供上网机会更有意义。 The poor are not shunning the Internet because they cannot afford it. The problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it effectively. Therefore, it makes more sense to aim for universal literacy than universal Internet access.
Unit 2 III Translation Practice Exercise 1 A. 1. 麦当劳有很多让农民恼怒的事：千篇－律，平淡无味，还有其所代表的烹饪霸权 2. 至少有40种植物已经通过了政府审核。 3. 到目前为止，还没有任何迹象表明基因重组作物会对任何人造成任何伤害。 4. 即使还没有法律措施，公众舆论正以更加怀疑的态度看待基因改良技术。 5. 这种优质作物受到农民的欢迎是情有可原的，因为对他们来说，产量即使有一丁点 的增长也就意味着利润上的极大提高。 B. 1. In recent years Europeans have become increasingly jumpy about bad food – and with good reason. 2. This year the E.U. banned the importation of non-approved GM corn. 3. It is crucially important that we take stock of this technology’s probable effects on our planet’s ecosystems. 4. We should also take a sober look at the effect of genetic engineering in the social and political realms. 5. Nature is never idle. Through random mutations, nature constantly tests new genetic models of organisms. Exercise 2. A. 1. 全世界的人们都在密切地注视他们食品中的基因构成——并地为他们所看到的一切 越发感到不安。在过去的十年里，随着科学家们将无数的水果和蔬菜的基因重组，使平常的农作物变成了能抵御霜冻、经得起除草剂，甚至产生消灭自身害虫作用的超级作物，基因改良食品已日益成为普遍现象。就总数而言，超过4,500的基因改良植物已经过测试，其中至少有40种——包括13种玉米，11种西红柿和4种大豆——已经通过了政府的审核。 2. 但是，一个国家的禁令对另一国家而言就是一种贸易保护主义，美国对欧洲的举动 持怀疑态度。自从欧洲决定继续禁止进口助长荷尔蒙的美国牛肉以来，美国通过对欧洲某些出口食品征收100%的关税作为反击，欧美之间的关系近来变得越发紧张。在这种激烈的争斗中，转基因食品禁令的审慎态度与报复差不多/ 看似是报复行为，其实是一种审慎。此外，假如欧洲如此担忧转基因食品的话，为什么还要生产它们呢？法国生产的转基因粮食规模不大，而消费得却比其它欧洲国家多。 B. 1. Ready or not, the world is entering the age of genetic engineering. Altered environments and human-created life forms will be part of this new age. Plants may be transformed into miniature factories producing plastics, medicines, or perfumes. Animals may be given human genes to make their tissues compatible with humans, allowing animal hearts and other organs to be transplanted into critically ill people. 2. We should also take a sober look at the effects of genetic engineering in the social and political realms. Because the agricultural and medical benefits of genetic engineering are expensive, poor individuals and poor nations will not be able to afford them – at least not for years to come. As a result, the economic gap between rich and poor is likely to widen. In
托福写作教案 Document serial number【KKGB-LBS98YT-BS8CB-BSUT-BST108】
1.解决基本语法问题，练习写长难句，把名词短语和句子的区别掌握；掌握三种基本句型结构，并且会加定语和状语 2.大作文基本构架熟悉，以及怎样选择side 框架不规则（可以整篇写一个故事的都有）可以不写对方的观点（让步段） 3.确定选材“写什么”：内容要直接简单明了，最重要是考语言和逻辑，不是考内容的新颖度和深度；内容为语言服务，语法准确、内容合理即可有的时候，想写的内容，即使用中 文说，都会很晦涩，那就更别用英 文了；不要把自己的想法硬套到文 章里，会造成中式英语；写自己会 写的，不要写自己想写 的！！！！！ 中式思维的理由不要写：放之四海 皆准的才可以
1，检查作业，纠正错误，总结错误基本类型和原因 2，复习上次内容 3.解决中式英语：构句的时候要抛开中文的影响，切忌先想中文，然后逐字逐句翻译 避免直译，要explain而不是
translatewordbyword;不要去想中 文的对等，而是找英文的相似 有些表达，是必须经过提炼的，因 为中文没有对等的意思 不会造复杂句怎么办？ 原始中文——简单中文（核心意思 提炼）——简单英文（句子主干） ——地道英文（修饰成分，句式多 样化） 想表达的内容太难，句子无从下手 怎么办：先找主干，在写其他部分 怎样摆脱中文限制，来扩展思路呢 （搭配也知道挺多，但是自己想不 起来用：中文只想一个大概的意 思，然后用英文思考，在已知的英 文表达中，搜索最地道，和自己表 达的意思最相近的搭配——故意用 搭配提分的意识 尤其是套模板的时候，句子一定要 精简，要动起来，避免冗长 1，检查作业，纠正错误，总结错误基本类型和原因 2，复习上次内容 3.在上了一定量的阅读和听力课之后，开小作文 阅读 第一段倒着读，剩下三段正着读 找句号法，快速抓住核心内容 段中不需要逐句读懂，学会找关键 词，两三个即可；时刻看首段的中 心思想，联系着猜 笔记越简单越好，可以用汉语；看 懂了再下笔，需要把多次出现的名 词记下来，猜一下发音 信息整合，逻辑重排 听力 首先听出是AorB类型还是 yesorno类型 根据阅读，边猜边听 以听为主，记为辅，记关键词就可 以了，而不是记整句话 笔记是画出来的，别人看不懂 听力结束后，先不要马上看阅读，
考研英语长难句翻译技巧总结 词类转译： 在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，就不能逐词对译，只能将词类进行转译之后，方可使译文显得通顺、自然；对词类转译技巧的运用须从四个方面加以注意。 1、转译成动词。英语中的某些名词、介词、副词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。 The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way. 植物没有专门的排泄系统，可用同样的方式加以说明。（名词转译） As he ran out ,he forgot to have his shoes on.他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。 2、转译成名词。英语中的某些动词、形容词，翻译时可转换成汉语中的名词。 The earth on which we live is shaped a ball. 我们居住的地球，形状像一个大球。（动词转译） The doctor did his best to cure the sick and the wounded. 医生尽了最大的努力来治疗病号和伤员。（形容词转换） 3、转译成形容词。英语中有些作表语或宾语的抽象名词，以及某些形容词派生的名词，往往可转译成汉语中的形容词。另外，当英语动词转译成汉语名词时，原来修饰该动词的副词也往往随之转译成汉语中的形容词。 It is no use employing radar to detect objects in water. 使用雷达探测水下目标是没有用的。（作表语的名词转译） The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man. 太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。（副词转译） 4、转译成副词。英语中的某些名词、形容词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的副词。 When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor .只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这些人争取过来。（名词转译） 词义选择和引申： 英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义；一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后，就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧，以使所译语句自然流畅，完全符合汉语习惯的说法；选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手： 1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。（形容词） He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。（动词） Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals.小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。（名词）
英语长难句翻译技巧及方法 英汉两种语言句子的不同特点是：英语书面语长句较多；汉语一般短句较多。英语句子结构较紧，多用主人结构，英语可有各种后置修饰语（介词短语、不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语以及从句），这些成分都是造成英语长句的原因；汉语句子结构较松，多用并列结构。有翻译经验的人们对这些特点作过形象的比喻，把英语句子结构比作“葡萄”，把汉语句子结构比作“竹节”。翻译长句时，可将英语的葡萄结构拆成汉语的竹节结构，即把成串的拆成成条的。 英汉两种语言的语序差异是：英语时间顺序灵活（表示时间的从句可以在主句之前或之后）；汉语一般是从先到后。英语逻辑顺序也比较灵活（表示原因、条件的从句可以在主句之前或之后）；汉语一般是前因后果，先进条年，后谈结果。英语中的句词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）与汉语句子主谓宾的语序基本一致，因此，一般都可按汉语的表达方式处理。 顺序法 如果英语长句的时间顺序、逻辑顺序以及名词性从句与汉语句子的语序基本相似，一般可按原文顺序译：如： 本句时间状语从句在前，用顺序法译。 （1）As it was a fine day and I was in no hurry, I was taking my time, looking in shop windows, strolling in the park, and sometimes just stopping and looking around me. 由于天气晴朗，当时又无急事，我便慢悠悠看看橱窗，逛逛公园。有时干脆停下脚步，四处张望。 逆序法 如果英语长句的时间顺序、逻辑顺序与汉语句子的语序相反，一般可逆原文顺序译。如： （2）“Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it ……”他在给侄子的信中写道：“不要因为别的人相信或拒绝了什么东西，你也就去相信它或拒绝它。……” 分译法 由于的英语可有各种后置修饰语，所以有些英语句子很长。为了符合汉语表达习惯，我们常可将长句中的一连患后置修饰语与其修饰成分分开来译，即把短语或从句拆译为短句，有时还需将后置修饰语另作适当安排并适当增加词语。如： （1）A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body’s needs but also to pro duce milk for her fawns. 一只成熟健壮的母鹿，在十一月份怀胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，这时，他必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量，这不仅是为了满足自身的需要，而且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。