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最新高考英语常考知识点归纳总结【精品打印版】

最新高考英语常考知识点归纳总结【精品打印版】
最新高考英语常考知识点归纳总结【精品打印版】

高考英语基础知识点(高频考点)

第一部分:语音辨音(5分)

考点一:a,e,i,o,u五个元音字母的发音:

注意元音字母在重读开音节、闭音节中的读音,非重读音节中的读音及特例情况:

开音节有两种:

1) 一种是在重读音节中元音字母之后没有辅音字母,叫绝对开音节。

如:go no me paper

2) 另一种是在元音字母之后有一个辅音字母(r除外),而后面又跟上

一个不发音的元音字母e,叫相对开音节。如:home name face

在重读开音节中,元音字母一律读它的字母音,即长音。

闭音节:以一个或几个辅音字母结尾(r除外),而中间只有一个元音字母的音节叫闭音节。在闭音节中,元音字母一律读它的短音。但是:

a. 字母a

1) 在/w/后常发短音[?] 如wash,what,want;

2) 在water一词中,a发长音/ [?:];

3) 在danger strange change中发/ei/;

4) 在class can't father after中发/a:/

b. 字母e

在ever even eve 这三个单词中的发音分别为:/e/ /i:/ /i:/。

c. 字母i

发/i:/ policeman machine

d. 字母o 发/u/ woman /i/ women

在m,n,v,th前发/Λ / come,son,love,does,mother

e. 字母u 发/i/ busy 不发音build (built)

考点二:以-ed结尾的单词的词尾正确读音;清辅音后读作/ t / .looked hoped 浊、元音后读作/ d / cleaned answered

t,d之后加ed, ed读/ id /started decided

考点三:以-s,-es结尾的单词的词尾正确读音;清辅音后读作/s/ .maps cakes 浊、元音后读作/z / bananas dogs

在/s/、/z/、/d?//∫/ 音之后读/ iz / classes bridges washes houses

考点四:常见字母组合的读音;

(字母组合包括:元音字母组合和辅音字母合) 考点五:不符合读音规则的常用词的读音。1. 词性变化引起读音变化

(1) 同形而不同词性的单词读音变化

excuse n./s/ v./z/

separate v./ei/ adj./i/

breath n. /θ/ v./ e/

record n./e/ v./i/

a bsent adj./ ? / v./ ? /

a bstract adj./ ? / v./ ? /

bow n./ ?u / v./au /

(2)有些词加后缀时引起读音的变化

nation /ei/---national/ ? /

know/ ? u/----knowledge /?/

south /sauθ/----/s ut ern / sΛe?n/

2. 词形变化引起读音变化

(1) 可数名词变复数的读音变化

mouth /θ/ - --mouths / ez/

house /s/---houses /ziz/

woman /wum ? n/---women / wimin/

(2) 词过去式中的读音变化

will----would /wud/

shall---s uld /∫ud/

can---could /kud/

eat---ate /et,eit/

mean---meant /;ment

hear--- eard / ?:d/

(3) 词在否定缩写中的读音变化

cannot---can`t /ka:nt/

shall not---s an`t /∫a:nt/

will not---w n`t /w?unt/

do not---d n`t /d?unt/

3 .复合词的读音变化

break/ei/---breakfast/e/

head/e/---forehead/rid/

hand / d /---handsome/ /

room /u:/----classroom /u/

news /z/----newspaper /s/

4. 同源词的读音变化

know / ?u/---knowledge /?/

nature/ei/---natural / ?/

nation /ei/----national / ?/

breath /θ/---breathe / e/

bath /ba:θ/---bathe /bee/

cloth /kl?θ/---clothes /kl?uez/

worth /θ/---worthy / ei/

real /r ?l/---real t /r ?l?t /

handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。

handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。

第二部分:单项选择(15分)

考点六:名词

I. 概念名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称的词,有专有名词和普通名词之分,还有可数名词与不可数名词之分.

II.相关知识点精讲

1. 名词变复数

1) 以-s, –x, –ch, -sh结尾加-es

Buses,boxes,watches,brushes (stomach-stomachs)

2)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i 加es Factories, countries

3) 以-f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v加es leaf--leaves life—lives

但:roof,chief,gulf,serf,belief,proof, 加s

handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。

4)以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:

a. 加s,photo---photos piano---pianos

radio---radios zoo---zoos;

b. 加es,potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes

c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes。

5) 名词复数的不规则变化

a. child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth

mouse---mice man---men woman---women

注意:由一个词加man 或woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman 是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。

b. 单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。

c. 集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

d. 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:

maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。

news 为不可数名词。

the United States,应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

e. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如:

The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。

f. 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜)trousers,clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。

g. 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域fishes (各种)鱼。

h. 复合词变复数,以中心词为主

film-goer — film-goers

sister-in-law — sisters-in-law

grown-up – grown-ups

2. 不可数名词量的表示

1)物质名词

a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。

比较:Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。(不可数)

These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数)

b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。例如:

This factory produces steel.(不可数)

We need various steels.(可数)

c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如:

Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。

Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。

2)抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如:four freedoms 四大自由the four modernizations四个现代化

物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。

3. 定语名词的复数

名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。

1) 用复数作定语。例如:

sports meeting students reading-room

talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系

2)man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例men workers women teachers gentlemen officials

3)有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。例如:

goods train (货车) arms produce武器生产

customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷

4)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如:

two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路

two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划

4. 名词的格

1)单数名词词尾加"'s",复数名词词尾没有s,也要加"'s",如the boy's bag 男孩的书包,men's room 男厕所。

2)若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加" ' ",如:the workers' struggle工人的斗争。

3)凡不能加"'s"的名词,都可以用"名词of 名词"的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。

4)在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barber's 理发店。

5)如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示"分别有";只有一个's,则表示'共有'。John's and Mary's rooms(两间)John and Mary's room(一间)

6)复合名词或短语,'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如:a month or two's absence

考点七:冠词

I. 不定冠词的用法

不定冠词有a和an两种形式。a用在以辅音音标开头的词前,an用在以元音音标开头的词前。

a house, a useful book

an hour, an umbrella

不定冠词的用法主要有:

1) 泛指某人或某物,不具体说明其为何人或何物。在行文叙述时,第一次提到某个人或事物时,通常使用不定冠词,此为“泛指”。例如:

A girl is asking for you on the phone.

My mother works in a hospital.

2) 用在单数可数名词前,表示一类人或事物,即以一个个体代表整类人或事物,此为“类指”。例如:

A plane is faster than a train.飞机比火车快。

A snake is a cold-blooded animal.蛇是冷血动物。

3) 表示“一”,但数量概念没有one强烈。例如:

They waited there for an hour.他们在那等了一个小时。

Rome wasn't built in a day.罗马非一天能建成。(即:冰冻三尺非一日之寒。)

如特别强调数量,应使用one。例如:

I have only one dictionary and I need it myself.

4) 用在表示时间、速度、价格等计量单位的名词前表示“每一”,相当于per或every。例如: The plane can get 300 kilometers an hour.飞机的速度是每小时300公里。

The doctor told her to take the medicine three times a day.医生叫她一天服三次药。

We work five days a week.我们一周工作五天。

5) 用于抽象名词、物质名词前(特别是这两种名词有定语修饰时),使之意义具体化,表示“一种”、“一件”、“一份”等。例如:

It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加聚会是一种荣誉。(honour是抽象名词,an honour指一件荣誉的事)

There was heavy rain last week.(rain为物质名词,这里指一场雨)

6) 用于序数词(后加名词)前,表示又一个,又一次。例如:

He tried a sixth time and succeeded.他又试第六次,结果成功了。

When I sat down,a fourth student rose to speak.当我坐下时,又有第四个同学起立发言。

7) 用于某一个人名、地名前,使专有名词普通化。例如:

A Mr.Li has been waiting for you.一位姓李的先生一直在等你。

Chongqing is known as a Shanghai of the west.重庆被称作西部的上海。(Shanghai是专有名词,本句中a Shanghai指和上海一样繁华的城市)

8) 用于某些固定词组中,是这些词组不可缺少的组成部分。例如:

in a moment立刻,马上once upon a time从前

as a result (of)作为(……)的结果in a hurry急忙地

in a word一句话,总而言之once in a while偶尔地

have a good time过得很愉快have a word with与……说句话

have/take a look (at)看一看have/take a rest休息一下

take an active part in积极参加(比较:take part in参加,不能说take a part in)

do sb.a favour帮某人的忙put an end to结束

at a mouthful一大口地all of a sudden突然地

II. 定冠词the的用法

①表示上文提到过的人或事物。

He bought an English-Chinese dictionary this morning. The dictionary

is very good.

②用于单数可数名词前,表示整体或类别。

The panda is a rare animal.

此句等于:A panda is a rare animal. = Pandas are rare animals.

③用来表示世界上独一无二的事物。

the sun, the moon, the sky, the earth, the world

④用于表示阶级、党派的名词前。

the Chinese Communist Party, the working class the proletariat 无产阶级

⑤常用于含有普通名词或形容词的专有名词前。

A. 用于许多江海,山脉,群岛等名词前:

The Yellow River The East Sea the Himalayas the Pacific Ocean

B. 用于由普通名词构成的国名:T e Pe ple’s Republ c f C na t e Un ted States

C. 用于机关、团体、朝代、时代、报刊杂志等名词前:

t e Un ted Nat ns t e State C unc l t e Tang d nast t e Pe ple’s Da l

the Summer Palace the Peace Hotel the British Museum

⑥用于表示方位的名词前。

the east the southwest the middle the Far East on the left

⑦用于乐器名词前,但汉语拼音的乐器前不用冠词。

play the piano play the violin play erhu

⑧用于复数的姓氏前,表示两夫妇或全家,在此情况下,这类名词作复数对待。

The Smiths watch TV every day.

⑨用于某些形容词或过去分词前,表示一类人或事物。

the poor the rich the living the young

the wounded the oppressed the beautiful

⑩用在形容词的最高级前或序数词前。

Shanghai is the biggest city in china.

After the game, the first thing they wanted to do was to take a hot bath.

III零冠词用法

①表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前,不用冠词。

Now people are living a happy life. Trees are planted everywhere.

②不含普通名词的专有名词,表示泛指的物质名词和抽象名词前,不用冠词。

We are studying English. He is leaving for America this year.

It is pleasant to walk in soft snow. Love is always stronger than hatred.

③名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰,不用冠词。

I like this picture better. Is that your book?

Take their chairs away! I do not have any money on me.

As t me went n, E nste n’s t e r pr ved t be c rrect.

④季节月份、星期等名词前,一般不用冠词。

She likes spring while I like summer. We have no classes on Saturday.

The Long March started in October 1934.

⑤表示只有一人担任的职务、头衔的名词前,不用冠词。

We have elected him our monitor.

⑥三餐饭的名词前,一般不用冠词。

When do you have lunch? After supper we usually take a walk.

⑦节假日等名词前,不用冠词。

Children all wear their best clothes on National Day.

People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.

注意:在eve后有of短语则要加定冠词:

n t e eve f Nat nal Da n t e eve f New Year’s Da

⑧球类和棋类运动的名词前,不用冠词。play basketball play chess

⑨作表语用表示程度的形容词最高级前,不用冠词。

Your help was most timely. This method is most effective.

注意:如果有比较范围,形容词最高级前必须加定冠词:

Of all methods, this is the most effective.

⑩在某些固定词组里,名词前不用冠词。

on foot b tra n/ b at / plane…in fact as a matter of fact

in class in church in danger in hospital in town

in bed at home at school at daybreak at sunrise

at dusk at sunset at night at noon go to school

go to class go to bed from morning till night from victory to victory

from door to door

V 注意事项

①当man作人类讲时,用零冠词。Man will conquer nature.

②某些抽象名词具体化时是可数名词,其前可加a。surprise, fire, joy,

He is a success as a teacher. Long Jing is a famous tea in China.

③a用于姓氏前表示某个只知道名字而不不熟悉的人。

A Mr Liu is waiting to see you outside.

④在某些句型中可加a

It is a pity that you have missed the chance.

It is a shame / a pleasure / a honour for sb. to do sth.

⑤word 作消息讲时,用零冠词。Word came that he would go abroad.gg

考点八:虚拟语气

对虚拟语气的测试主要涉及以下方面:

1)主语、表语、同位语、宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法

2)wish , would rather虚拟语气结构的用法

3)if 条件句中虚拟语气的用法,应特别注意省略if 的倒装结构是考试的重点

4)if only 结构中虚拟语气的用法

5)but for , or, otherwise 等含蓄条件句的用法

6)It’s t me (t at) 等结构中虚拟语气的用法

一、虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的运用!

条件从句有两类,一是真实条件句,另一是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句,这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如:

If t me perm ts, we’ll g f s ng t get er.如果时间允许,我们就一起去钓鱼。

如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如:

If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来,你就会见到那位著名的教授了。(隐含的事实是:你昨天没来,也没见到那位著名教授)。

在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气,现将其形式列表如下:

If I were you, I should(would ,could, might)tell him the truth. 要是我是你,我就会告诉他真相了。(事实上我不是你)

If she had time, she would(could, might)help me.如果她有时间,她就会帮我了。(事实上她没有时间)

If u ad taken m adv ce, u w uldn’t(c uldn’t) ave failed in the exam.如果你听了我的建议,你就不会考试不及格。(事实上你根本没听我的。)

If it should rain, the crops would(could, might)be saved.假如天下雨,庄稼可能就收获了。注:在表示与将来事实可能相反的条件从句中,were to + 动词原形比较正式,常用于书面语中。如:

If you were to go to Beijing, you would (could, might) have a chance to visit Tian An Men Square.

★★条件从句中省去if的情况

在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中,常可以省略if,将had, were或should提至句首。如:

Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night. 假如我看了那部电影,昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。

Were I a bird, I could fly freely. 假如我是一只小鸟,我就能自由翱翔。

Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest. 要是下周能下雨的话,农

民们就能有个好收成了。

4.主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句)

有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作,发生的时间不一致,这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如:

If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.如果你当时听了我的话,现在就能完成这份工作了。(从句说明过去,主句说明现在。)

If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你,我就去参加她的生日晚会了。(从句说明现在,主句说明过去。)

If u adn’t lent me s me m ne , I c uldn’t ave b ug t t e new use and m st l kel I would be still living in the dangerous house now.假若你不借钱给我,我不可能买下这幢新房,很可能现在还住在危房里。(从句说明过去,主句说明过去和现在。)

5.含蓄条件句

非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况;

Eg.

W hat would I have done without you? 如没有你,我会怎么办呢?(条件暗含在分词短语without you中)

But for ur elp we c uldn’t ave succeeded n t e exper ment.如果没有你的帮助,我们的实验是不会成功。(暗含条件是but for your help)

He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or/otherwise he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马,否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(暗含条件是连词or)

二、虚拟语气某些从句中的运用!

1. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法。

在“It s mp rtant (strange, natural, necessar ) t at…”这类句型中,that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“(s uld)+动词原形”结构,表示某事是“重要”,“奇怪”,“自然”,“必要”等意义。如:

It is important that every Beijinger (should) be able to speak English. 重要的是每个北京人

能说英语。

It is necessary that he (should) be sent to hospital at once. 有必要马上把他送医院。

2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。

(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。

a.表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be的过去式用were )表示。如:I wish I knew the answer to the question.

我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道。)

b.表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词用had+过去分词。如:

I w s (t at) I adn’t wasted s muc t me. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(实际上已经

浪费掉了。)

c.表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为“w uld/c uld/m g t+动词原形”,此时要注意,主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现,取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动作名词除外)。如:

I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止。

I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安静一些。

(2)在suggest(建议), demand(要求), order(命令), propose(建议), insist(坚持要做), command(命令), request(要求), desire(希望)等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“(s uld)+动词原形”,表示建议,要求,命令等。如:

I suggest that we (should) start the meeting at once.我建议马上开会。

The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south.这位即将毕业的学生坚持要到南方去工作。

★★当suggest表示暗示,主语为something;insist表示坚持观点时,后接的宾语从句当用真实语气。比较:

His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示着他赞成我的决定。

He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.他建议我坚持自己的决定。

He ns sts t at d ng m rn ng exerc ses d es g d t pe ple’s health. 他坚持认为做早操对

健康有益。

He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.他坚持他每天都要早操。

3. 虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法。

当主语为advice, suggestion, order, proposal等词时后接表语从句,表语从句中的谓语动词常用“(s uld)+动词原形”结构,表示某人建议、劝告、命令等的内如:My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.我的建议是你尽

可能经常地练习说英语。

4.特殊的虚拟语气结构。

(1)虚拟语气用在状语从句中

由as if 或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时,从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。(用法与wish相同)

The teacher treats the student as if he were her own child.这位老师带这位学生就象她的亲生孩子一样。

He speaks as if he had been to the United States.他说得好象他真的到过美国似的。

(2)在It is time (that)从句中,谓动词常用动词过去式或should+动词原形表示虚拟语气(3)I’d rat er (t at)…句型中从句中虚拟语气,

Eg. I would rather you did it now.

I would rather you did it tomorrow.

I would rather you had done it yesterday.

5. 用在if only 引起的感叹句中(用法与wish相同)

If nl t e dr ver d dn’t dr ve s fast!

6.在由for fear that, in case, lest 等引导的状语从句中,用should+动词原形

考点九:情态动词

1.情态动词的基本用法

(1)can、be able to 和could

①can和be able to都表示能力,意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时,而be able to 则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时,通常不用could而用was/were able to

来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to,表示经过一番努力,终于能够完成某事。如:Can you use chopsticks?

The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the end.

②can和could

can和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,一般用could,回答时则用can。如:Could you help me carry the bag? Can I help you?

(2)may/might

①may/might表示可能,但may比might可能性大。Eg.---W sn’t e n class?

---- He may be sick.(生病的可能性较大)

—- He might be sick.(生病的可能性较小)

②may/might表示“允许”,may用于现在时或将来时,might常用在间接引语中表过去时,但might也可用于现在时间,表示比较委婉的语气,回答用may。如:

He says we may leave.

He said we might leave.

③may / might 表示建议或请求,但might比may 更客气,意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。—May / Might I use your bike?

—Yes, you can / may.

----N , u mustn’t

(3)must

①must表示必须,应该,没有时态变化。如:

You must do everything as I do.

②must表示肯定的推测。如:

The light is still on, so he must be at home.

③mustn’t 表示禁止做某事。如:

Y u mustn’t sm ke n t e ff ce.

(4)have to

have to 表示“必须、不得不”,是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须”,“不得不”做某事,也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。have to的否定形式表示不必。have to可用于多种时态中。如:

You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.

I have to be at my office every evening.

(5)should / ought to

①should和ought to表示应当、应该,前者比后者语气轻。如:

You should / ought to work hard.

②should / ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意。如:

C ldren s uldn’t sm ke.

③should可表示陈述意见,推出建议或请求;而ought to可以表示劝告之意。如:

You ought to respect your parents.

He suggested that they should leave at once.

④should 可以用来表示说话者“吃惊”的语气,常翻译成“竟然”。

Y u can’t mag ne suc a well-dressed man should be so rude to a lady.

(6)will / would

①will 用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿”或“决心”等,否定式w n’t + 动词。如:

I will tell you all about it.

T m w n’t d suc a t ng.

②will用于疑问句中,常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如:

Will you please tell her the news when you see her?

③will 表示习惯性的动作,有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。如:

Fish will die out of water.

④would 表示客气的请求、建议或意愿。如:

Would you please be quiet?

Would you like coffee?

⑤would 表示过去反复发生的动作。如:

When I passed my school I would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago.

(7)need

need 作“必要”讲,既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to,其变化与一般动词相同。如:

I need to think it over.

---Need you go now?

--—Yes, I must./N , I needn’t

(8)dare

dare表示“敢”的意思。作为情态动词时,主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare若作实义动词,后面可带to的不定式,此时to也可以省略。dare与need的用法相似。如:

How dare you say that?

S e d esn’t date(t )ask er fat er.

(9)used to

used to表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯,但现在已不复存在了。如:

He used to smoke.

(10)shall

①shall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令”、“警告、威胁、强制”和“允许”等意思。如:

We shall do as our teacher says.

You shall have the book as soon as I finish it.

②在疑问句中,shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示,常用于第一、第三人称。如:Where shall he wait for us?

Shall we go out for a walk?

2、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法

下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合:

情态动词对现在和未来的推测对过去的推测使用场合

must + 动词原形 must+ have done 肯定句

may / might + 动词原形May / might+ have done 肯定句、否定句

can /could +do Can / could+have done 否定句、疑问名(could可用于肯定句)should 用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”s uld d o/be should have done 肯定句、否定句、疑问句例如:

It must have rained last night.

She may not be at home. = It is possible that she is not at home.

S e can’t be at me. = It s mp ss ble t at s e s at me.

They should be there right now.

3、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法

情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩,用法如下:

(1)should have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”,而s uldn’t ave d ne则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如:

You should have told me about it earlier.

Y u s uldn’t ave sa d suc w rds t ur parents.

(2)ought to have done也表示“本应该……”而ought not to have done则意为“本不应该……”。如:

You ought to have told me about it earlier.

You ought not to have said such words to your parents.

(3)needn’t ave d ne表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。如:

Y u needn’t ave walked s qu ckl s nce t me was en ug .

(4)could have done表示“本来有可能……而事实上未做到”。如:

I could have come on time, but my car broke on the way.

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1. I was really anxious about you. You________home without a word.(NMET 2001)

A.mustn’t ave

B.s uldn’t ave left

C.c uldn’t ave left

D.needn’t ave

解析:答案为B。本题考查的是情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。题目给出的条件是“我确实非常担心你”,因此后面可知应是责备you不应该没说一句话就离开了。

2.—Are u c m ng t Jeff’s part ?

—I’m n t sure. I__________ g t t e c ncert nstead.(NMET2000)

A.must

B.would

C.should

D.might

解析:答案为D。本题考查情态动词的基本用法。由题目中“I’m n t sure”,表明我可能去Jeff’s party,也可能去音乐会,故用might。

3. —Will you stay for lunch?

—Sorry, ____________. My brother is coming to see me.

A.I mustn’t

B.I can’t

C.I needn’t

D.I w n’t

解析:答案为B。本题考查表示请求的英语口语,用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构,是表示一种请求和意愿,是用疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气,意思是“请你……,好吗”,对于这种问句的肯定回答是:Suree! Gerta nl ! Yes, f c urse. I’d be glad t 等;否定回答通常是:I’m s rr , I can’t. N , I’m afra d I can’t. I’m s rr , but … I’d l ke t , but …等。注意情态动词表客气的用法及其在一般疑问句中的问与答。

考点十:倒装句

1.完全倒装

表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首

eg. In the dark forest _______, some large enough to hold several English towns.

A. stand many lakes

B. lie many lakes

C. many lakes lie

D. many lakes stand

Key: B

2.部分倒装

only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放于句首时

eg. Only then ______ how much damage had been caused.

A. she realized

B. she had realized

C. had she realized

D. did she realized

Key: D

否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,rarely等置于句首时

eg. Little _____ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.

A. he realized

B. e d dn’t real ze

C. d dn’t e realize

D. did he realize

Key: D

几个重要句型

So + be/情态/助动词+ 主语

Neither + be/情态/助动词+ 主语

S + adj/adv … + t at …

Ne t er …, n r …

N t nl …, but als …

N t unt l …

eg. If J e’s w fe w n’t g t t e part , _______.

A. he will either

B. neither will he

C. he neither will

D. either he will

Key: B

3.形式倒装

as 引导让步状语从句,必须把所强调的信息放在句首

eg. _______, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.

A. Strange as might it sound

B. As it might sound strange

C. As strange it might sound

D. Strange as it might sound Key: D

考点十一:强调句

1.强调句型

It is/was + 被强调部分+ that + 句子其他成分

强调句变为一般疑问句或特殊疑问句

n t…unt l的强调句型

eg. It ______ we had stayed together for a couple of days _____ I found we had a lot in common.

A. was until; when

B. was until; that

C. wasn’t un tl; w en

D. wasn’t unt l; t at

Key: D

强调句中含有定语从句或其他从句

eg. It is not who is right but what is right ______ is of importance.

A. which

B. it

C. that

D. this

Key: C

强调句中强调时间装状语和It is +时间+ when定语从句等句式的区分

谓语动词的强调:强调谓语用do/does/did 。

考点十二:省略句

不定式的省略

省略动词不定式后的动词,保留to。常在expect, forget, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, seem, try, want等后面

在have, need, ought, be going , used等的后面

否定形式的省略用not to

如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have, have been

状语从句中的省略

当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be

当从句的主语是it,谓语动词中含有be时,可以省略it和be

用so 和not代替上文内容

考点十三:介词

介词是表示它后面的名词、代词、短语、从句等与句子其他成分的关系的词。在句子中它不能单独使用,只能由名词、代词、数词、动名词等构成的介词短语作句子的成分。介词分为简单介词、复合介词、双重介词、短语介词和分词介词五种类型。高考介词主要考查点如下:

1、常见介词的用法。

2、介词的固定搭配:

1)介词与其后的名词或代词构成介词短语,在句中作状语、宾语、表语、宾补语后置定语。2)介词与其前面的动词或形容词构成动词词组,后面要有宾语。这时的词组相当于一个及物动词。

3、最常见表示时间、地点与方式介词的用法。

4、某些意思比较相近的介词用法辨析。

2018高考英语核心考点

必修一 unit 1 friendship Words: considerate, interrupt,benefit,appreciate,communicate,ignore,suffer,entirely Phrases: turn to sb for help,take sth seriously,calm down, be concerned about, suffer from, in order to, go through, in addition sentence structures: 1. Being polite is necessary. 2.What I want to stress is that you should work hard to achieve your dreams. 3.I would appreciate it if you give me an early reply at your earliest convenience. 4.While walking the dog, you should be careful as it can bite others/ 5. There was a time when I felt depressed and confused about what I would do. 6. It was the first time that I had met such a bad guy. 7.It is you who should be responsible for yourselves. Unti2 English around the world words: official request gradually frequent expression fluent actually phrases: rather than other than make use of such as play a part in. be based on , even if no such sentence structures: ①the way that /in which you talk to him ②command order advise suggest require that sb should ③request sb. to do, allow sb to do ④when it comes to… ⑤Hearing what the English teacher said ,I was more than grateful. ⑥It is no use crying over spilt milk. ⑦He is such an outstanding boy that he has mastered languages. ⑧have difficulty/problem/trouble communicating with sb. Unit3 Travel Journal words: conduct, behavior, finally ,persuade, reliable, determination, preference. phrase: be fond of, give in/up/away/out, put up ,can hardly wait to do sth , make up one's mind ,graduate from ,manage to do ,care about , sentences structures: ①insist/suggest/advice that the law be obeyed. ②the problem is difficult to solve. ③prefer to do sth rather than do sth. ④Careful as she is, she makes mistakes. Unit4 words: damage bury ruin extremely injury national frightened survivor survival phrases: judge...from be buried in be trapped in a great number of burst into tears end up with at the end of,burst out crying,sentence structures: 1.The problems I have learning English are difficult to solve. 2.I am pleased to see that you have already made great progress in learning English

高考英语语法知识点总结

专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略) who 指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 (1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 (2)as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。 Which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。 注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词,相当于who/that…not 例:In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what,关系代词用that。

高考英语语法必考知识点

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