英语高考考点---名词的构成及练习（附答案）
构成名词常用的后缀（共有15种方法）
1. --- ness形容词+ness变成名词;,辅音字母+Y结尾，该y为i再加ness
happy(快乐的)----happiness（快乐）clever(聪明的)---- cleverness(聪明)
kind(善良的)----kindness(善良) polite(有礼貌的)politeness(礼貌)
2. ---ity形容词+ity变成名词,以e结尾去掉e再加ity,le结尾改为il再加ity
Real（真实的)----reality(现实) popular(受欢迎的)-----popularity(受欢迎)
pure(纯净的)---purity(纯净) Possible（可能的)---- possibility(可能)
probable(大概)---- probability(大概的)
3.---ence e nt结尾的形容词变成名词改为ence
absent(缺席的)---- absence(缺席) different (不同的)-------difference(不同)
excellent(优秀的)-----excellence(优秀) patient(耐心的)----- patience(耐心)
4.--- ance/ancy带“－ant”后缀的形容词其相应名词往往是－ance或－ancy后缀。例如：
distant(遥远的)--distance(远处) important(重要的)---- importance(重要)
accept(接受)---acceptance（接受）disappear(消失)---disappearance(消失)
5.---ment 动词+ment变成名词
develop(发展)---development(发展) enjoy(喜爱)----enjoyment(喜爱)
amaze(使惊奇)-----amazement(惊奇) excite(使激动)----excitement(激动)
argue(争论)---argument(争论) judge(判断)----judgment(判决)
6.--- ion以t结尾的动词+ion变成名词
collect(收集)----collection(收集) select(选择)----selection(选择)
act(行动)----action(行动) inspect(检查)----inspection(检查)
7.---ion 以-ss结尾的动词在转变成与其相对应的名词形式时，可以直接在其后加-ion
express(表达)----expression(表达) Discuss(讨论)------discussion(讨论)
impress(使.....留下印象)-----impression(印象)
8 .ation以ate结尾的动词在转变成与其相对的名词形式时，应该去掉不发音的e再加ion
educate(教育)----education(教育) liberate(解放)--- liberation(解放)
translate(翻译) - translation(翻译) graduate(毕业)-----graduation（毕业）
9.tion以元音字母+辅音字母+e结尾的动词在转换成名词时，通常的做法是先将e改成a然后在其后加-tion(这样做的原因是字母a的读音ei 会使这个词读起来上口)
admire(羡慕)---admiration(羡慕) recite(背诵)----- recitation(背诵)
prepare(准备)----preparation(准备) invite(邀请)-----invitation(邀请)
10 ---sion以de结尾的动词，在转变成与其对应的名词时，去掉字母组合de再加上sion
decide(决定)----decision((决定) divide（分开）-----division（分开）
provide(提供)----provision(提供) conclude(推断)-conclusion(推论)
11. ---ssion以重读闭音节结尾的动词，在转变成与其对应的名词时，先将词尾t，然后再
加-ssion
admit（准许）----admission（入场费）permit（许可）----permission（允许）
12. ---hood
child(孩子)----childhood(孩童时期) neighbour(邻居)----neighbourhood(邻居关系)
mother(母亲)----motherhood(母亲的身份) brother(兄弟)---brotherhood(兄弟关系) 13.---ship
friend(朋友)---friendship(友谊) relation(关系)--relationship(关系)
scholar(学者)---scholarship(学者) citizen(公民)-----citizenship(公民身份)
14.---ing
feel(感到，摸)---feeling(感觉) build(建设)---building(建筑物)
meet(集合)-----meeting(会议) hear(听)----hearing(听力)
15.---th
deep(深的)----depth(深度) wide(宽的)----width(宽度)
long(长的)----length(长度) strong(强大的)----strength(力量，强度)
一、将下列动词转换为名词。
二、在下列各句空白处填入所给单词的正确形式。
1.. … more and more students would drop out of school if their
personal__________(safe) could not be guaranteed.
2.The best speed__________(eat) train their stomachs to expand.
3.I had no__________(choose) but to prepare for it, though.
4. Nevertheless, apologies might be an important social tool as they reaffirm(重
新确认) the __________ (exist) of rules that need to be observed.
5. The students use a video game controller to direct its __________(move) in
the tank.
6.A farmer once organized a __________(compete) between his dog and his
rabbit.
7.Actually with my __________(confident) building up, I now turn out to be a
great speaker.
8. We are ready to face any __________(hard).
9. Just as the old saying goes,__________(honest) is the best policy.
10.They show great__________(anxious) about their retirement allowance.
11.I don’t think you are telling me the whole ______ (true) about what happened.
12. With knowledge and__________(wise), the old man is respected and loved
by the people.
13. The program will be of__________(significant) in the process.
14. He was awarded for his__________(brave) in the battle.
15.Her perfect__________(pronounce) attracted everyone present.
16.They charged for__________(admit) so we can’t enter
without__________(permit).
17. Everyone likes to work in pleasant__________(surround).
18.Success is not final and__________(fail) is not fatal. It is the courage to
continue that counts.
19.He celebrated the__________(arrive) of the New Year with a party for his
friends.
20.In a good__________(marry), both husband and wife work hard to solve any
problems that arise.
三、高考真题演练，在下列各句空白处填入所给单词的正确形式。
1.(2019全国1卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a_______(believe) that populations are increasing.
2.(2019全国Ⅱ卷）When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.
3.This switch has decreased ___________ (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
4.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ____________ (weigh) problems.
5. My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a_________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
6.This development was only possible with the ___________ (introduce) of electric--powered engines and lifts.
7. She is determined to carry on with her ____________ (educate)
8. She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and brought me into her world,
a world of smiles,love and __________ (warm).
9.I took out my guidebook in which there was a lot of information about the city's well-known Tourist ____________ (attract) and started to read.
10.Qigong and acupuncture(针灸）are both designed to adjust the function of the body,release blocked flow of energy, and bring about a sense of ____________ (relax) and well-being.
11.It's not uncommon for a new friend or an acquaintance to come to a simple_______(conclude) after observing me that my Chinese husband, Jun, must have shown me how to use chopsticks
12. In Chinese folk tales, the lion has always been a symbol of ____________ (brave) power and good luck.
13. It is a perfect combination of color,shape, ___________ (appear) and flavor. Delicious and nutritious food has been regarded as the basics of ordinary life.
14.________ (aware) of dangers of pollution has resulted in more strict rules of
waste disposal.
15. He can be a good __________ (play)without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid.
构成名词-------构成表示人的名词（共有8种方法）
1.---er表示"从事某种职业的人, 某地区，地方的人"
teach(教)----teacher( 教师) read(读)----- reader (读者)
village(村庄)-----villager( 村民) London(伦敦)Londoner（伦敦人）
2.---or表示"……者"
conduct(管理)-----conductor (管理者) visit(参观)-----visitor( 游客)
Educate(教育)-----educator(教育者) act(行为)----actor(男演员)
3.---ar
beg(恳求)----beggar(乞丐）lie（说谎)---- liar（说谎者）
Scholar(学者)
4.---ess表示女性
act(行为)-----actress(女演员) host(主人)------ hostess (女主人)
manager(经理)-----manageress(女经理) lawyer（律师）--- lawyeress（女律师）
5.---ese表示" ……国人，………地方的人“
China(中国)-----Chinese(中国人) Japan(日本)----Japanese( 日本人)
Canton(广东)-----Cantonese(广东人) Taiwan(台湾)-----Taiwanese(台湾人)
6.---ian……地方人，信仰…….教的人，从事……职业的人
Music(音乐)----musician( 音乐家) physic(医药)---- physician(内科医生)
Politics(政治)-----politician（政治家）history(历史)-----historian(历史学家)
7.---ist,表示"从事……研究者，信仰……主义者"
Science()-----scientist(科学家) social()-------socialist(社会主义者)
Novel(小说)------novelist(小说家) cycle(自行车)------cyclist(骑车人)
8.有时会直接用表示人的词构词，象-boy , -girl, -man, -woman,
Cow(牛)---cowboy(牛仔) sales(销售)---- salesgirl(女店员)
Sales(销售)----salesperson(推销员) post()---- postman(邮递员)
四、请根据下列词语写出与其相关的表示“人”的派生词。
1.civil(平民的）→______(平民）
2. library(图书馆)→_______(图书管理员)
3.special(专门的）→______(专家）
4.violin(小提琴）→_______(提琴家）
5.tour(观光）→______(观光者）
6.art(艺术）→______(艺术家）
7.journal(报刊）→______(记者）8.account(账目）→______(会计）
9.assist(帮助）→_______(助理）10.act(表演）→_______(男演员）
11.direct(指导）→_______ (导演）12.edit(编辑）→_______(编辑）
13.sail(航行）→_______（水手）14.operate(操作)→______(操作员)
15.translate(翻译）→_____(翻译家）16.wait(等候）→→_______(男服务员）
英语高考考点---名词的构成及练习答案
一、将下列动词词转换为名词。
1.achievement成就、成绩
2.appointment任命，约定
3.astonishment 惊讶
4.equipment 设备，装备
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a313838718.html,ernment政府
6.argument 争吵；论证
7.action 行动，活动8.admission 承认，入场费9. attraction 吸引，吸引力
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a313838718.html,petition/competitor 竞争者，竞争11.contribution捐款，贡献
12.expectation预期；预料13.explanation解释14.repetition 重复，重做
15.admiration 羡慕，赞赏16.appreciation欣赏，感谢17.celebration 庆典，
庆祝18.graduation毕业19.hesitation犹豫20.invitation邀请
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a313838718.html,anization组织22.translation翻译23.decision决定24.discussion 讨
论25.permission允许，许可26.discovery发现，发觉27.recovery 恢复，复原28.approval 赞成，同意29.arrival 到达，到达者30.proposal提议；计划31.refusal拒绝，回绝32.survival /survivor 生存，幸存者33.coldness寒冷
34.awareness 意识35.kindness 善良，体贴36.weakness虚弱，软弱
37.loneliness 孤独，寂寞https://www.doczj.com/doc/a313838718.html,ziness懒惰，懒散39.cruelty残忍；残酷
40.disability 残疾，无力41.nationality国际，民族42.growth生长，成长
43.strength力量，体力44.freedom自由，自主45.boredom 厌46.confidence 信心，信任47.violence 暴力；强暴48.convenience便利49.distance距离，远处
50.significance意义，重要性51.accuracy准确性，精确52.privacy隐私，私密
二、在下列各句空白处填入所给单词的正确形式。
1.safety
2.eaters
3.choice
4.existence
5.movements
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a313838718.html,petition
7.confidence 8.hardship 9.honesty 10.anxiety 11.truth 12.wisdom 13.significance 14..bravery 15.pronunciation 16.admission 17.surrounding 18.failure
19.arrival 20.marriage
三、高考真题演练。
1.belief
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a313838718.html,petition
3.pollution
4.weight
5.scientist
6.introduction
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a313838718.html,cation
8.warmth
9.attractions 10.relaxation 11.conclusion 12.bravery
13.appearance
14.Awareness 15.player
四、请根据下列词语写出与其相关的表示“人”的派生词。
1.civilian
2.librarian
3.specialist
4.violinist
5.tourist
6.artist
7.journalist
8.accountant 9.assistant 10.actor 11.director 12.editor 13.sailor 14.operator
15.translator 16.waiter
高考英语名词知识点综合练习(1) 一、选择题 1．The system has been meant to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library. A．access B．passage C．way D．approach 2．Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price. A．reputation B．campaign C．appetite D．occupation 3．I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________. A．discount B．dictation C．favor 4．Anyone who is in ________ of weapons without permission is considered law-breaking. A．command B．control C．charge D．possession 5．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value 6．A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems. A．burden B．risk C．hole D．disaster 7．Timoteo has an unusual job — he is a human traffic _________. A．sign B．signal C．mark D．symbol 8．—In spring, hens start laying eggs again, bringing a welcome source of protein. —It is ____ that lots of cultures celebrate spring by honoring the egg! A．no doubt B．no surprise C．no way D．no need 9．The ________ went extremely well, with almost all of the audience requesting further information about our 5G products. A．conservation B．imagination C．presentation D．qualification 10．If violence is not kept in check by bringing the guilty to ____, matters will go beyond what the public can tolerate. A．equality B．justice C．regulation D．liberation 11．The two neighbouring countries reached a（an） ______ on their boundary problem eventually. A．Accumulation.B．compensation C．accommodation D．ambition 12．As we all know, there is a close ______ between diet and health. A．connection B．evidence C．power D．belief 13．To those of you who received honors, awards, and ____, I say, well done. And to the average students, I say, you, too, can be President of the United States. A．distinctions B．contributions C．solutions D．attractions 14．People’s____of life has greatly improved since the reform and opening-up policy(政策)was carried out in China. A．quantity B．quality C．activity D．reality 15．During the early ____________of planetary evolution, they served to sweep the solar system. A．stages B．journeys C．species D．demands
考点一名词 名 词 一、可数名词单数变复数的规则 1.规则变化 规则例词 一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s book—books cap—caps tree—trees 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es glass—glasses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes
2.不规则变化
注意:1.fish的“数” ?
2.penny的复数形式 ? 2 pennies ? 2 pence 3.hair的“数” ? ?
4.people指“人”时是person的一种复数形式,指“民族”时其复数形 式为peoples。 one person一个人two people两个人 a people一个民族two peoples两个民族 二、名词所有格 1. 加-'s词尾的规则 2.用法 （1）用于表来人或其他有生命的名词。表示所有关系类别用途、目的或起源。Is this Mr. Black's ofie? 这是布莱克先生的办公室吗? I took over my father's company last year.我是去年接管我父亲的公司的。children's bookstore儿童书店 (2)用于表示时间距离、价格等的名词。 Have you read today's newspaper?你读今天的报纸了吗? We're going to have a six weeks' summer vacation.我们将有一-个为期六个星期的暑假。
It's only half an hour's drive from here to the nearesthospital. 从这里到最近的医院开车仅有半小时的路程。 I bought 100 dollars' worth of books.我买了100美元的书。 (3)表示国家、城市、天体等的名词常用- 's结构。 China's industry 中国的工业 the ciy' enironment这座城市的环境the earth's suface地球的表面 (4)用以构成不同的节日。 April Fo's Day愚人节Children'sDay儿童节 Mothe's Day母亲节Teaches Day教师节 (5)用来表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时，名词所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。 at the barber's (shop)在理发店at Dick's (home)在迪克家 at the Whites' ( home )在怀特家里at the doctor's ( ffice)在医院at the tailor's ( shop)在裁缝店 (6)-'s用于学位中。 a Bachelor's degree学土学位 a master's degree硕士学位 a doctor's degree博士学位 (7)有时为了避免重复，可以单独使用-'s所有格，在句中相当于名词My views are quite different from my father's.我的观点与我父亲的非常不同。 My camera is the same as Ron's.我的照相机和罗恩的一样。 (8)由and连接的两个或多个名词，表示共同拥有时，只将最后一个名词变为所有格形式;如果是各自所有，则每个名词都要变成所有格 Jonh and Mary’s school Jonh’s and Mary’s schools (9)不定代词后加else,在else后加“-'s” somebody else's possessions 3.of所有格
附录构词法 一、名词变成形容词 后缀例词 -able/-ible valuable有价值的，responsible有责任的 (能够) -ish(稍/略……，似…… selfish自私的，childish孩子气的，British英国的的，……国家的) -al natural自然界的，cultural文化的 (……的) -(a)n/-ian/-ese American美国(人)的，Russian俄国(人)的；Chinese中国(人)的(人的，地方的) -less(无，不) careless粗心的，useless无用的 -en(由……制成的) wooden木制的，woolen羊毛制的 -ly(像……的) friendly友好的，manly有男人气概的，lovely可爱的 -ern(表方向) northern北方的，southern南方的 -ous(有……性质的) nervous紧张的，dangerous危险的，ambitious有雄心的 -ful(充满……的) useful有用的，helpful有帮助的 -ic/-ical(有……性质的) economic经济的，political政治的 -y(有……性质的) noisy噪音的，snowy下雪的，dirty脏的，thirsty口渴的 二、动词变成形容词 后缀例词 -ous continuous持续的，various各种各样的 -able acceptable可接受的，eatable可食用的 -ed/-ing interested感兴趣的，interesting有趣的 -ive(有…… attractive有吸引力的，creative创造性的 倾向的) 不规则动词broken(break)破碎的，lost(lose)丢失的，迷失的
高考英语必考点：考点妙解名词 典型例题 纵观近几年全国、上海、北京等地的高考试题，对名词的考查往往涉及名词作定语(如：He dropped the coffee cup and broke it.)，抽象名词具体化(如：WhataPleasantsurprisehegaveus!)，区分可数名词和不可数名词，根据句意选择适当的名词，某个名词在不同场合下的具体意义和一些名词构成的固定搭配。 一般来说名词主要考查： 1．可数名词复数构成的规则及不规则变化。 2．可数名词和不可数名词的判断与用法——对比。 3．名词的所有格，包括’s所有格，…of…所有格和双重所有格的用法。 4．名词作定语和名词构成的习语及用法等。 5．名词的词义辨析。 应试同分瓶颈 纵观历年来高考对名词的考查，主要体现为一个“活”字。因此要求考生平时加强关于名词基础知识的学习，如：名词的数、名词的所有格、主谓一致及一些有关名词的固定搭配。通过对比、归纳、总结等方法，记忆、理解部分知识，并将名词常考知识点梳理清楚。另外在做题时灵活使用所学的基础知识，把握重点、难点，认真审题，依据具体的语境进行分析判断。 近几年的高考题对名词的考查一般集中在名词的辨析上。所以在学习中要注意名词在特定语境中的正确使用和细微差别，另外还要注意名词和动词的搭配用法。抽象名词的具体化也应该引起重视。surprise不可数表示“惊奇”，可数为“令人惊奇的事情”；shame不可数为“羞愧”，可数为“令人羞愧的事”，除此之外还有：honour，failure，success，pleasure，pity等。 ◎命题点1 名词的数 ◎命题点2 名词的所有格及名词作定语 命题点1 名词的数 本类考题解答锦囊 名词有数的区分。在英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式。有些名词既可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，但所表达的意义不同。我们在应试时要考虑以下几点：
高考英语新名词知识点知识点总复习(3) 一、选择题 1．Nearly a year after his____________ from prison, he was still unable to sleep properly. A．expedition B．transformation C．link D．release 2．If you want to get a good ___________, you’d better stand on the top of the hill. A．sight B．scene C．look D．view 3．A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems. A．burden B．risk C．hole D．disaster 4．Be sure to read the ______ in the guidebook before you begin to use the new computer. A．instructions B．solution C．descriptions D．message 5．The practice of hanging flags is a common _______ in many parts of the country on National Day. A．sight B．scenery C．sign D．signal 6．This unjust _______ of people on the basis of skin color was challenged. A．determination B．adaptation C．separation D．submission 7．It’s her ________ of time to medical research that helped Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize. A．supply B．respect C．devotion D．arrangement 8．I practiced a lot in the training center so that I could pass the driving test at my first __________. A．attempt B．experiment C．flight D．glance 9．---What's new? ---The upcoming 40-day Spring Festival travel ____ , also known as chunyun, will ___ on Jan 10 and end on Feb 18. A．dash; kick out B．rush; kick off C．flow; kick in D．jam; kick up 10．All children should be encouraged to realize their full __________. A．impact B．recognition C．potential D．program 11．Finding the ________ to this problem is no easy task . A．relaxation B．imagination C．invention D．solution 12．The self-driving smart bus is already operating in 10 cities across China, with the latest_______ in Shanghai in August. A．exploration B．exclusion C．expansion D．explosion 13．During the early ____________of planetary evolution, they served to sweep the solar system. A．stages B．journeys C．species D．demands 14．Poverty alleviation is a high priority of our country and has been put on the top of________at two sessions. A．agenda B．subject C．directory D．seminar 15．Despite numerous failures, they continued to carry out the____________. A．method B．experiment.C．warning D．effect 16．He gained ______ to this university
.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·名词考点规律分析：短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题，即在该用复数的地方误用其单数，或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。此外，还常考名词的所有格、名词与其他词类之间的转换等。语法填空主要考查名词的单复数以及名词与其他词类之间的转换。 名词单句改错之真题训练： 1. We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. 2.We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. 3.There are branch library in many villages. 4.I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. 5.Today I visited the Smiths — my first time visit to an American family. 6. They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. 7. We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics. 8. …and often watch football match on TV together. 9.Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! 10. She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. 11. I used to love science class — all of them— biology, chemistry, geography, physics. 12. They did not want me to do any work at family. 13. …so that I’ll get good mar ks in all my subject. 14.On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. 15. No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to. 16. Their word were a great encouragement to me. 17. You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.” 18. …but after class we become stranger at once. 19. You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. 20. Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby… 21. She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when… 22. Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. 23..The airs we breathe is getting dirtier and dirtier. 名词单句改错之模拟训练： 1. Women live longer than men in most country. 2. The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time. 3. It’s said that all the ticket have been sold out. 4. The children spend a lot of times watching TV. 5. I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday. 6. The flower in the park were all pleasing. 7. As the day went by, she became less anxious. 8. Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country. 9. It’s one of the most interesting book that I’ve ever read. 10. He made his first time visit to China when he was 18. 11.Hearing the news, the woman burst into tear. 12. He hasn’t lived here long, but he has a great many friend here. 13. I was afraid she would have left for family when I got there. 14. He’s getting marr ied next month and decides to buy some furnitures. 15. There’s a paper’s factory near our school. 名词单句改错之提升训练： A级 1. From then on, we became good friend and often played together. 2. Both Marx and Engels were Germen. 3.Did you take their advices yesterday? 4. Most of them are woman doctors. 5.We can have funs at the seaside this weekend. 6. There are four baskets of apple in that room. 7. This computer cost me eight thousands yuan. 8. Tom looks happy today. He’s got many good news from here. 9. This hat of my father is rather old. 10.He made many mistake in the exam because of carelessness.
2020届二轮复习短文语法填空中常见构词法总结 (4)-ness结尾的名词: adj.—n. 意识aware—awareness/conscious—consciousness 苦bitter—bitterness 盲目blind—blindness 冷静 calm—calmness 聪明 clever—cleverness 疯狂crazy—craziness 渴望 eager—eagerness 公平fair—fairness 愚蠢 foolish—foolishness 适合 fit—fitness 幸福/愉快happy—happiness 疾病ill—illness 友好 kind—kindness 懒惰 lazy—laziness 孤独lonely—loneliness 宁静 quiet—quietness 悲伤 sad—sadness 严重性 serious—seriousness 甜美sweet—sweetness 稳定 steady—steadiness 厚度thick—thickness 累 tired—tiredness 弱点 weak—weakness 冷/冷淡 cold—coldness 惶恐不安nervous—nervousness 思乡 homesick—homesickness 粗心careless—carelessness自私selfish—
selfishness 无私selfless—selflessness/unselfish—unselfishness 无助/无望helpless—helplessness/hopeless—hopelessness (5)-age结尾的名词: 婚姻marry—marriage 短缺short—shortage 储存store—storage 包裹pack—package 车厢carry—carriage 通道pass—passage (6)-th结尾的名词: 温暖warm—warmth 真理true—truth 死亡dead—death 成长grow—growth (7)-ure结尾的名词: 快乐please—pleasure 离开depart—departure 暴露expose—exposure 压力press—pressure 失败fail—failure 混合mix—mixture 签名sign—signature (8)-ce结尾的名词: adj.—n. 缺席 absent—absence 出席present—presence 信心confident—confidence 方便convenient—convenience 不同different—difference 勤奋diligent—diligence
2019届高考英语构词法语法复习 高中英语语法之构词法一.概念语言学家把这种专门研究词形变化现象和规则的学问称为词形学(morphology),通常简称为构词法(word formation)。英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法. 二.相关知识点精讲1.转化法英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。1)动词转化为名词很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。例如：①let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。②he is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。③let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。2)名词转化为动词很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。例如：①did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗?②please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。③she nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。④we lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。 3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如：we will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如：murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。5)形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。例如：you should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。the old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 2.派生法在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。1)前缀除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。 (1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如：appear出现→disappear消失 correct正确的→incorrect不正
高考英语名词知识点专项训练解析含答案(2) 一、选择题 1．Finding the ________ to this problem is no easy task . A．relaxation B．imagination C．invention D．solution 2．He stood at the water’s ____________ and looked across the lake. A．edge B．course C．exit 3．I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________. A．discount B．dictation C．favor 4．One of the Disney cartoon characters, Donald Duck, is always quick to find ____ with others and brings laugher to people of all ages. A．mistake B．error C．blame D．fault 5．Anyone who is in ________ of weapons without permission is considered law-breaking. A．command B．control C．charge D．possession 6．If you want to get a good ___________, you’d better stand on the top of the hill. A．sight B．scene C．look D．view 7．The worker was satisfied with his boss because he was offered a good . A．salary B．price C．service D．reason 8．Be sure to read the ______ in the guidebook before you begin to use the new computer. A．instructions B．solution C．descriptions D．message 9．Timoteo has an unusual job — he is a human traffic _________. A．sign B．signal C．mark D．symbol 10．It’s her ________ of time to medical research that helped Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize. A．supply B．respect C．devotion D．arrangement 11．The building under _____for stay-at-home children will be completed in March A．contribution B．construction C．coincidence D．composition 12．Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price. A．reputation B．campaign C．appetite D．occupation 13．Hawking owned a brilliant intellect with a deep ____ for humanity, which enabled him to overcome his terrible disease and become a famous scientist. A．aid B．concern C．glory D．basis 14．American English has so many_________because the American people have come from all over the world. A．grammar B．vocabulary C．pronunciations D．dialects 15．The report at the conference analyses in detail why a new legal is needed to better protect the environment. A．currency B．framework C．allowance D．occupation 16．He has been spreading false stories in a(n)____________to smear(诽谤)us. A．attempt B．programme C．intention D．dream
高考英语名词知识点知识点总复习含答案 一、选择题 1．How much does it cost to put satellite into____________？ A．gas B．orbit C．chemicals D．vapors 2．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value 3．Space exploration provides a ______ of national pride. A．reason B．portrait C．statue D．symbol 4．Tony put on soft music and turned down the lights in order to give a more relaxed ____ at home. A．view B．attitude C．style D．atmosphere 5．The worker was satisfied with his boss because he was offered a good . A．salary B．price C．service D．reason 6．A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems. A．burden B．risk C．hole D．disaster 7．The ________ went extremely well, with almost all of the audience requesting further information about our 5G products. A．conservation B．imagination C．presentation D．qualification 8．It’s her ________ of time to medical research that helped Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize. A．supply B．respect C．devotion D．arrangement 9．All children should be encouraged to realize their full __________. A．impact B．recognition C．potential D．program 10．If you feel any_____ in your neck, put a towel under your head for support when sleeping. A．tension B．abortion C．submission D．dimension 11．The system has been meant to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library. A．access B．passage C．way D．approach 12．Lulu grew up in the ____________ of her high-performing sister, Sophia. A．protection B．gesture C．shadow 13．Nearly a year after his____________ from prison, he was still unable to sleep properly. A．expedition B．transformation C．link D．release 14．People’s____of life has greatly improved since the reform and opening-up policy(政策)was carried out in China. A．quantity B．quality C．activity D．reality 15．China is a racially mixed country, in which various ethnic(民族) groups bring their own unique flavors to each corner of the country, which adds ________ people's table. A．to great variety of B．great variety to C．to a great variety of D．the great variety to 16．Modem TVs use many of the ________ first discovered by Farnsworth, who contributed a lot to the development of TV A．platforms B．principles C．sources D．symptoms
高考英语构词法，英语讲授，词汇学习技巧 How Words Are Formed When we learn English, it is very, very important to know how English words are formed. Once we know this, we can learn words easily. English people add "heads" or "tails" to words. The word without a head nor a tail is called root. Usually the head is called prefix, while the tail is called suffix. Prefixes There are some prefixes you can add to some words to form new words. For example, mis- can be added to some verbs, meaning "wrong" or "wrongly". I can understand my English teacher well. means I often know what my English teacher says in class. But I misunderstood him. means I failed to understand him correctly. Adding prefixes is a very common way to form a new word. Most often, we have the following prefixes: in- (im-, il-, ir-): the opposite of something independent: an independent person is someone who does not depend on someone else; an independent country is a country which is not controlled by other country or countries; an independent organisation is an organisation that is not controlled or run by another organisation or government. inaccessible: access is the way or possibility of coming to a place or person. Accessible means "able to be reached". Inaccessible means "very difficult or impossible to go to": Mount Qomolangma (the highest place of Himalayas) is one of the most inaccessible places. impossible: not possible illegal: legal means "allowed by laws", so illegal means "not allowed by laws". irregular: regular means "happening every hour, every minute, etc.", so irregular means "not happening every hour, etc.". tele-: at or over a long distance television: something you can see, and something that comes to you over a long distance (vision meaning "something you can see") telecommunication: the communication you can do over a long distance, like phone call, email, etc. teleconference: a meeting which is carried out over a long distance, for example by telephone, or other ways like television. telephone: phone is a Greek word meaning "sound" or "voice", so everybody knows this word telephone. inter-: between or involving two or more people, places, countries, etc. internet: the Internet is a system which allows millions of millions of computer users to exchange information. Net is something we use to catch fish, etc., and a net is usually made of threads or other similar things like wires that are woven across each other. The way the Internet works is quite similar to "net", so maybe this is the reason people use net to form this word. Another word quite similar is web: a web is something like a net.