非谓语动词现在分词
现在分词由动词原形加词尾ing构成。现在分词有一般式和完成式，及物动词的现在分词
有主动态和被动态，不及物动词的现在分词只有主动态。及形式如下：
现在及物动词write 不及物动词go
分词主动语态被动语态主动语态
一般式writing being written going
完成式having written Having been written having going
一、现在分词的句法作用
现在分词在句中可以作定语、表语、补语、状语等句子成分。
（一）作定语
作定语用的现在分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面；如果是现在分词短语，则放在被修饰词的后面，作后置定语。如：
a. China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。
b. The ________ child disturbed him. 哭闹的孩子使他心烦意乱。
c. The girl ________ there is my sister. 站在那边的那个女孩是我妹妹。
d. All the people _______ in the restaurant were tourists.
所有正在这个餐馆吃饭的人都是旅游者。
注意：现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同
时发生，如果两个动作有先后发生，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。如：The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.
值得一说的是，现在分词的被动式一般不能作前置定语，只能作后置定语，使用时应注意。
如：
a. We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.
（二）作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征。如：
a. The story sounds very moving. 那故事听起来很感人。
b. The situation is encouraging.形势令人鼓舞。
有些做定语和表语的现在分词实际上已经被看作形容词，常见的有：exciting , interesting, disappointing , discouraging, encouraging, puzzling, missing, surprising, confusing, amusing, charming , shocking, inviting等。这些现在分词常可用very修饰。
(三) 作宾语补足语
1．在表示感觉或心理状态的动词如see, hear, watch, notice, feel, smell, find ,listen to look at, observe 等后面作宾语补足语。如：
a. I saw people coming and going. 我看见人们来来往往，
b. We heard her laughing just now. 我们刚才听见她放声大笑。
在表示使役的动词，如set , keep, start, get , have 等后面作宾语补足语。如：
a. They kept me waiting for a long time.他们让我等了好久。
2．在think of, speak of, see ,show, regard, accept, take, understand, describe, treat等动词后，由as引出现在分词做宾语补足语。如：
a. I always thought of him as being a good student.我始终认为他是个好学生。
b. Please do not understand me as having lost hope.请不要以为我失去了希望。
c. The teacher described his students as promising.老师把他的学生说成是很有希望的。
d. They knew her very well,. They had seen her ___up from childhood.
A. grow
B. grew
C. was growing
D. to grow
（四）作主语补语
当先在分词作宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时，分词就变成了主语补足语。如：
a. One student was caught cheating in the exam.有一考生考试作弊时被抓住。
b. She was never heard singing that song again.人们在也没听到她唱这首歌。
c. The missing boys were last seen __near the river.
A. playing
B. to be playing
C. play
D. to play
（五）作状语
现在分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式等意义。这时，现在分词相当与一个状语从句。如；
1．表示时间：
a. Crossing the road , he was run over by a car. 他在穿马路时，被一轿车从身边辗过。
b. Having done their homework, the students left the classroom.
学生们做完后便离开了教室。
c. ___such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean.(NMET2000)
A. Having suffered
B. Suffering
C. To suffer
D. Suffered
2．表示原因：
a. Not knowing English, he couldn’t understand the film.
由于不懂英语，他看不懂这部电影。
b. Having lived in Shanghai many years, he knows the place very well.
他多年住在上海，所以熟悉这个地方。
c. ___in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (NMET95)
A.Losing
B. Having lost
C. Lost
D. To lose
3．表示条件：
a. Working hard, you will do well in your exams.
你如果努力学习，就会在考试中取得好成绩。
b. Turning to the left, you will see the post office.
向左转，你就会看见邮局。
4．表示结果：
a. His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan.
他的父母在战中死了，他成了孤儿。
b. It snowed heavily last night, thus causing the traffic problems today.
昨夜下了大雪，以致引起了今天的交通问题。
c. European football is played in 80 countries ,____it the most popular sport in the
world.(NMET98)
A.making
B. makes
C. made
D. to make
5．表示让步：
a. Weighing almost one hundred Jin, the box was lifted by him with one hand.
那箱子将近100斤重，但还是被他一直手拎了起来。
6．表示方式或伴随状况；
a. The six blind men stood all day long by the road side ,begging for money.
这六个盲人终日站在马路边乞讨。
b. He went out, slamming the door.
他走出去，砰的一声把门带上。
c. They secretary worked late into the night ,_____a long speech for the president
A.to prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. was preparing
d. She’s upstairs ___letters.
A.writes
B. is writing
C. write
D. writing
e. “Can’t you read?” Mary said _____to the notice.
A.angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointing
f. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks,_____
that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A.having added
B. to add C . adding D. added
注意：
（1）表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while或when引出。
（2）分词短语作状语是时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果与主语不一致，那么分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语，且要用独立主格结构形式来表达。
Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks much more beautiful. （）
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks much more beautiful. ( )
的主语应该是人，而不是“the city”，
因此要用“see”的过去分词形式，表示被动。
“see”
现在分词的否定结构
现在分词的否定式是在其前面加not; 现在分词完成式的否定式是“not+having+过去分词”。如
a. Not having been informed, we were completely in the dark.
因为没人告诉我们，我们完全被蒙在鼓里。
b. Not knowing how to dye the silk red, he went to her for help.
由于不知道怎样把丝稠染成红色，他去向她求教。
c. _____a reply, he decided to write again. (MET92)
A.Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
D. Having not received
答案 C receive与主句的主语he之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词，担主句中的
again又暗示考生，分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，因此用现在分词的完成式。Not必须置于分词之前。此句可理解为：As/Since he hadn’t received a reply, he decided to write again.
独立分词结构
独立分词结构的构成是：“主格词＋分词”。主格词可以是代词、名词和名词词组；分词可
以是过去分词和现在分词的各种时态和语态。如：
1She being my close friend，I should have helped her．她是我的好朋友，我应该帮助她。
在独立主格结构中，分词的逻辑主语必须是主格词，不能用其宾格词。She不能换为her。分词的逻辑主语（即主格词）和主句的主语不能表示同一概念，例1中的she和I不是同一个人；下面例2中的spring和the fields也不是同一概念。
独立分词结构的句法功能是在句中作状语，相当于分词短语，表示谓语动词的时间、原
因、条件、方式和伴随状况。如：
2Spring coming，the fields are full of life．春天来了，田野里充满生机。（时间）
3．Professor Wang being ill，the lecture was put off．王教授生病，报告被推迟了。（原因）4．More time given，we should have done it much better．
如给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。（条件）
5．The tourists visited many scenic spots in Beijing，the guide acting as interpreter．导游做翻译，游客们游览了北京的很多景点。（方式）
6．The boy stood there，his right hand raised．那个男生坐在那里，右手高举。（伴随）
在独立分词结构中，主格词与分词形成逻辑主谓关系时，用现在分词，如例句2中，“春天”和“到来”是逻辑主谓关系，用现在分词；主格词与分词形成逻辑动宾关系时，用过去分词，
如例句4中，“时间”和“给”，是动宾关系（被动关系），用过去分词。
在独立分词结构中，如果强调分词的时间发生在主句动词时间之前，常用现在分词完成时
态表示。如：
7．Her money（having been）stolen，she couldn't buy a plane ticket for her home．她的钱被偷了，她不能买回家的飞机票了。（时间和原因）
8．The chairman having announced the agenda of the conference，the delegates left the assembly hall．主席宣布会议议程后，代表们离开了会议大厅。（时间）
9．The students having done all the exercises，the teacher went on to explain the text．学生做完
所有的练习后，老师继续讲课文。（时间）
在独立分词结构中，being和having been常常可以省略。如例1、3、7分别变为1．She my close friend，I should have helped her．3．Professor Wang ill，the lecture was put off．7．Her money stolen，she couldn't buy a plane ticket for her home．省略being和having been后，更强调状态和原因。
注：“there being ＋主格词”是独立分词结构的一种特殊形式，意义上表示存在，句法上相
当于一个状语，表示原因、条件。如例10、11：
10．There being no bus，we had to go back home on foot．因为没有公共汽车，我们步行回了家。
这里no bus是主格词，there being是分词短语。主格词通常由名词、名词词组和不定代词
充当。这里人称代词不能充当主格词。There being一般不省略。例如：
11．There being no one in the classroom，Mr．Li had to leave．教室没有一个人，老李只有
离开。
动词-ing 形式 动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语及状语。 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语,有时态和语态的变化。 主动形式被动形式 一般式doing being done 完成式having done having been done 否定形式: not+ -ing 构成 一、动词-ing形式作主语 1. 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。如： Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 无论对年轻人和老年人来讲, 走路是一种很好的锻炼。 Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 在电视上看新闻已经成了我的一种日常习惯。Asking a woman’s age is impolite in some countries.在一些国家问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。 2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it作形式主语。如：It is no use / no good / fun / hard work / a hard (difficult) job / a waste of time / dangerous / worthwhile / useless + doing。如: It’s no use making an excuse for this. 为这件事找借口是没有用的。 It is no good waiting for other people to make decisions for you. 等别人替你做决定是没有用的。It’s a waste of time talking about such a useless thing. 谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。 二、动词-ing用作宾语 1. 只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有：finish, enjoy, avoid, admit, keep, mind, imagine, risk, practice, appreciate, consider, escape, miss, suggest, can’t stand, can’t help, give up, feel like, put off, permit等。 2. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词, 意义差别不大的动词，常见的有: like, love, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue等。 3. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词, 但意义完全不一样的，常见的有：forget, remember, mean, regret, stop, try等。 4. 动词-ing形式作介词的宾语。devote to, look forward to, stick to, be used to, object to(反对), pay attention to, get down to, lead to, be crazy about, be tired of, succeed in, have difficulty in等。 三、-ing形式作定语 1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面, 既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能, 也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如： printing factory = a factory for printing; the shopping center = the center for shopping; tiring music = music that is tiring; a surprising result = a result that is surprising 2. –ing 形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如： They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。 Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。 The building being built now is our new library. 现在正在建造的这栋楼房室我们的新图书馆。 3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语, 相当于一个非限制性定语从句, 这时, 它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如： His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。 四、-ing形式作宾语补足语 1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面, 表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作, 强调一个过程或一种状态。如： When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。 2. 能用-ing 形式作宾语补足语的几类动词： 1）、表示感觉和心理状态的动词：see, watch, smell, feel, hear, find, notice, observe, catch, look at, listen to等。2）、表示指使意义的动词：have, leave, set, keep, get 等。 五、-ing形式作状语 -ing作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。 现在分词在句中作状语,表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。 1.–ing 形式作时间状语 Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. While walking along the road, Cruse caught sight of a poor dog. Having finished the work, they went out for a walk. 2.–ing 形式作原因状语
高考非谓语动词详解 +例句题库 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．（天津） I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn ’ t help_______ it. A． to eat ； to try B． eating ； trying C． eating； to try D ． to eat； trying 【答案】 D 【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至 于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do （打算做）， couldn ’t help doing忍不住 做。故选D。 点睛：本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含 义，本题需要区分“mean to do打算做”与“mean doing意味着做”和“can’t help to do sth不.能 帮助做”与“couldn ’t help doing忍不住做”之间的含义。 2．Once be falls asleep, I have great difficulty _______ him up. A． wake B． waken C． to wake D． waking 【答案】 D 【解析】 一旦他睡着了，我叫醒他就有很大的困难。have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难，选 D。 3．115． ______ his love, Chris sent his mom a thank- you note on Mother’ s Day. A． Expressing B．Expressed C． To express D． Having expressed 【答案】 C 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了表达他的爱，克里斯在母亲节那天给他的妈妈寄了 一条感谢信。用不定式表目的，故选C。 4．The press should expand its influence in international public opinion to make China’ s better ______ in the world. A． hearing B．to be heard C． hear D． heard 【答案】 D 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：新闻应该扩大其在国际舆论中的影响力，使中国的声音更好地在 世界上被听到。“中国的声音”与“听到”之间是被动关系，用make sth. done 结构，故选D。 5．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ________ to ruins, the city took on a
非谓语动词详解+例句 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to ______ a good researcher. A．make B．turn C．get D．grow 【答案】A 【解析】 考查动词辨析。make表示“发展成为(=develop into)”，是及物动词；turn表示“变成，成为”是不及物动词；get“变成，做成”是不及物动词；grow表示“生长，成长”。根据句意“缺乏智能和毅力的人是不可能成为一个好的研究人员的。”及句式结构可知，此处应使用及物动词表示“使成为”之意，make a good researcher 意为“成为一个出色的研究者”。故最佳答案应为A项。 2．________ terrible, the medicine was thrown away by the child. A．Tasted B．Tasting C．To taste D．Being tasted 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种药尝起来非常难吃，被这个孩子扔掉了。主语是medicine，taste与主语是主动关系，而且taste是系动词无被动，因此用现在分词，故选B。 3．Today there are more airplanes____ more people than ever before in the skies. A．carry B．carrying C．carried D．to be carrying 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查现在分词作定语。句意：现在比以前有有更多的飞机运送乘客。此处airplane和carrying之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故选B。 考点：考查现在分词作定语 【名师点睛】非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了;2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.从本题来看主句的主语airplanes与动词carry构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用v.-ing形式作定语。
V+ to do / doing (4) 1. I’d like ______ (buy) a car. 2. I’d prefer ______ (walk) this morning. 3. I’d hate ______ (disappoint) her. 4. He’s beginning ______ (learn) Japanese. 5. We’re proposing ______ (start) at seven. 6. She began ______ (understand) she was wrong. 7. I began ______ (believe) what he said. 8. Suddenly it began ______ (rain). 9. My recorder needs/ wants/ requires ______ (mend). 10. His letter requires ______ (answer) immediately. 11. I remember ______ (post) the letter. 12. I’ve forgotten ______ (return) the book to the library. 13. They stopped ______ (talk). 14. He went on ______ (point) out mistakes in the paper. 15. He tried ______ (do) the work better. 16. That’ll mean ______ (wait) for some more time. 17. Do you mean ______ (tell) me that? 18. I couldn’t help ______ (laugh) when I heard the news. 19. I couldn’t help ______ (finish) that job. prep+ V-ing 25. At last he succeeded in ______ (perform) his task. 26. We had no trouble in ______ (find) his house. 27. His job consists of ______ (gather) information and ______ (write) articles. 28. I’m sorry for ______ (give) you so much trouble. 29. How/ What about ______ (go) to the cinema? 30. Nothing can stop them from ______ (fall) in love with each other. 31. Tom is angry about ______ (not invite) to the party.
高考非谓语动词详解+例句题库 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．I got to the office earlier that day, ________ the 7：30 train from Paddington. A．caught B．to have caught C．to catch D．having caught 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：那天我早到了办公室，因为赶上了7:30那趟来自帕丁顿的火车。分析句子可知，catch用非谓语动词形式，catch发生在got之前，应该用完成式，与主语I 是主动关系，用现在分词的完成时，having caught表示原因，相当于because引导的原因状语从句。故选D。 2． Hours of playing violent video games can affect the way the brain works, ______ damage to certain cells of brain. A．to cause B．cause C．causing D．caused 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词。causing 现在分词作结果状语。句意：连续几个小时打暴力的电子游戏会影响大脑的工作方式，危害大脑细胞并减慢大脑的活动。故C正确。 考点：考查非谓语动词 3．In 2012, Sun Yang became the first Chinese man _____ an Olympic gold medal in swimming. A．winning B．to win C．having won D．being won 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查不定式作定语。句意：在2012年，孙杨成为第一个获得奥运会游泳比赛金牌的中国男运动员。当名词前面有序数词修饰或被修饰的词就是序数词的时候，通常要用不定式作定语。如the first to come and the last to leave，本句中Chinese man前面有序数词the first修饰，所以后面要用不定式作定语。故B项正确。 4．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ________ to ruins, the city took on a new look. A．reducing B．reduced C．being reduced D．having reduced 【答案】C
非谓语动词(一)——现在分词 考点一：现在分词作状语。 A、做时间状语 1. _____________________，he looked for them everywhere.(hold) （2011湖北卷） 他把钥匙握在手上，到处寻找. 2. _____________________to this area，the storm left .(cause) 暴风雨给这个地区造成巨大灾害后离开了。 B、做原因状语： 3. _____________________the programme , they have to stay there for another two weeks .(complete) 没有完成节目，他们不得不再呆两星期。 4.Accustomed to _____________________by others , the little boy likes ti be his own listener .(look) 习惯了被瞧人看不起，这个小男孩喜欢自己做自己的听众。 C、做条件状语 5. _____________________ ，We will visit you . (come) 如果我们来这个城市，我们会去拜访你的。 比较： 6. _____________________ ，We will start at six this afternoon .(permit) 天气允许的话，我们将今天下午六点出发。 D、做让步状语 7．_____________________,he still reapted the same mistakes .(tell) 虽然告诉了他很多次，可他仍然重复着同样的错误。 E、做伴随状语 8. The lady walked around the shops, _____________________bargains.（keep）(2010江西卷) 这位女士在商场转悠着，留意着里面的减价商品 9．The lawyer listened with full attention ,____________________any point . (try) (2010四川卷) 律师专注地听着，努力不错过任何要点。 F、做结果状语 10.More highways have been built in China,___________ for people to travel from one place to another. (make) (2011陕西卷) 更多的高速公路建造起来了，使人们更容易从一个地方旅行到另一个地方。 考点二：现在分词作定语 11.A medical team ____________________will come to our school tomorrow .(consist ) 由三人组成的医疗队明天回来我们学校。 考点三：现在分词做补足语 12.They use computers to keep the traffic __________________(smoothly) (2009全国卷2) 他们用电脑来保持交通运行顺利 考点四：现在分词做表语： 13.The day was so _________________(charm) 考点五：用在with复合结构中 14.With the boy ___________________, we had no difficulty in finding his house . (lead) 有这个孩子带路我们找到他的房子毫无困难。
最新非谓语动词详解 +例句 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．（北京） The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants. A ． ranging B ．range C ． to range D ． ranged 【答案】 A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和 range 之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选 A 。 考点：考查非谓语动词。 [名师点睛 ] 现在分词和过去分词的区别： 在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义； 在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的 动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。 如： falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶分词的作用 作定语 单个分词作定语，分词前置。如： The sleeping boy is my son. The excited people rushed into the building. 分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词 something 等要后置；个别分词如 left 等作定语也后置。如： The girl standing under the tree is my niece. The building built last year is our library. 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如： the people invited to the party were famous scientists 作状语 现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。 give ， Most of Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. As I didn ’ t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.( 条件 ) Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend. Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital( 原因 ). Though defeated, he didn He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. ( 伴随 ) He came running to tell me the good news. ( 方式 ) ’ t lose 让heart 步). (
【精品】非谓语动词详解+例句 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．The rainforest is an amazing place, ________ with plants and animals that aren’t found anywhere else in the world. A．filling B．filled C．being filled D．to fill 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：热带雨林是一个令人惊讶的地方，充满了世界其他地方不能找到的动植物。固定词组：be filled with被……充满，此处place和fill之间是一种被动关系，所以用过去分词做伴随状态，故选B。 2．They might just have a place ________ on the writing course—why don’t you give it a try? A．leave B．left C．leaving D．to leave 【答案】B 【解析】 此处left过去分词作定语修饰a place，被留下的留给写作课程的地方（机会）。句意：他们可能还有个学习写作课的机会，你为什么不试一试呢？ 【考点定位】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。 3．_____________in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. A．Being raised B．Raising C．Raised D．To raise 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的主语是he，他在这个地方长大，两者之间是主谓关系，故选C项。 考点：考查非谓语谓语动词。 【名师点睛】本题在考查非谓语动词，题目难度中等，从选项看，不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。从句子结构判断，两个句子是否共用一个主语，主语与第一个动词之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系，再者还要注意判断时间关系，从而得出答案来。 4．（北京）During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. A．share B．to share C．having shared D．shared
非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。 动词-ing形式的要点 1．-ing的形式 2.-ing形式的基本用法 (1)作主语：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 (2)作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. (3)作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。She likes drawing very much. ②作某些短语动词的宾语。 Mary is thinking of going back to New York. ③ do＋限定词(my, some, any, the等)＋v.-ing，表示“做…事”之如 do some cleaning打扫卫生do some shopping购物
④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics. ⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语： This book is well worth reading. 只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有： admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免put off 推迟keep 保持consider 考虑delay/ postpone 耽搁dislike 嫌恶resist 抵制mention 提及enjoy 喜欢escape 避免excuse 原谅practice 练习mind介意fancy想不到feel like 意欲finish 完成risk 冒险include 包括forgive 原谅give up 放弃suggest 建议miss 逃过imagine 想象can’t help 情不自禁involve 需要can’t stand无法忍受understand 理解 常见的带介词to的短语： be used to 习惯be related to 与……有关get down to 着手做contribute to 贡献put one’s mind to全神贯注于give rise to 引起 be equal to 胜任devote oneself to 献身于lead to 导致be opposed to 反对 look forward to 盼望object to 反对stick to 坚持pay attention to 注意 (4)作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. (5)作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.
说出划线部分作的语法成分,并圈出其逻辑主语。1. 2. , the boy didn’t respond. 3. 4. 5. 6. the field. 7. the teacher entered the classroom. 8. 9. 10. 11. Don’t leave those things 12. English 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 一、真题再现 ① (2014?重庆, 5 The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned (return to our shop for quality problems. ②(20141?陕西,12 It ’ s quite hot today. Do you feel like going (go for a swim?
③(2014?天津, 7 Clearly and thoughtfully written (write, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. ④(2014?四川, 5 The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed (develop after great effort. ⑤ (2014?福建, 27 Having spent (spend the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. ⑥(2014?湖南, 21 Children, when accompanied (accompany by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. ⑦(2014?四川, 8 Not knowing (know which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. ⑧(2013?北京, 29 When we saw the road blocked (block with snow, we decided to spend the holidays at home. ⑨(2013?福建, 22 Knowing (know basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. ⑩ (2013?陕西, 14 The witness questioned (question by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. ? (2013?重庆, 30 When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed,(tell me stories till I fell asleep. ? (2013?安徽, 32 (found in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’ s love of art. ? (2013?湖南, 29 You cannot accept an opinion
【英语】非谓语动词详解+例句 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1． that it was going to rain, James took a raincoat with him. A．Seeing B．Saw C．Seen D．To see 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到即将下雨，James随身带着雨衣。分析句子可知，“see that it was going to rain”作状语，see与主语James是主动关系，用现在分词表示主动关系。故选A。 2．______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. A．Seeing B．To see C．See D．Seen 【答案】A 【解析】 考查非谓语动词的用法。本句的主语是 I，I 与 See 的意义的逻辑关系是主动，也就是Seeing 才能表示主语与非谓语的“主动”的逻辑关系。 3．Time, ________ correctly, is money in the bank. A．to use B．used C．using D．use 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考察非谓语动词。根据句子结构，所填成分是对主句的补充说明，因此只能是作状语。再根据非谓作状主语应与主句一致原则，判断出use与主语time之间为被动，因此直接得出答案B。句意：时间，如果使用得当的话，就是存在银行里的钱。 4．We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs _____to achieve the final success. A．being done B．do C．to be done D．to do 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：我们有一个好的开端，但是下一步需要做更多的工作得到最后的目标。Need doing或need to be done需要被做…，所以选C。 考点：考查非谓语动词 5．—Did Peter fix the computer himself? —He ________,because he doesn’t know much about computers. A．has it fixed B．had fixed it C．had it fixed D．fixed it 【答案】C
分词有现在分词（the Present Participle）和过去分词（the Past Participle），在句中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。 一、现在分词 主动语态被动语态 语态 时态 一般式doing being done 完成式having done having been done 其否定形式是在doing之前加上not 【随时练】 1). He ran back home at night, ______ (look) behind at times. 2). ______ (tell) many times, the old man forgot the name of the supermarket. 3). ______ (not get) well prepared, they decided to put off the meeting. 【答案】 1)looking 2)Having been told 3)Not having got (二) 分词在句中所做成分 分词在句中可作定语、表语、状语、补足语等。 1、作定语 分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。 1）前置定语 He is a promising young man. 他是一个有前途的年轻人。 Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child. 不要出太大声音，有个孩子在睡觉。 2）后置定语 The young man running after Jim was the winner in the last year race. 跟在吉姆身后跑的年轻人是去年比赛的冠军。 3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。如： Those wishing to see the film star have been waiting for hours. (=Those who wish to see the film star have been waiting for hours.) 想见那个电影明星的人已经等了几个小时。 4）完成体的分词一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。如：我们一般不说：The girl having passed the driving test is a friend of mine. 而常这样说：The girl who has passed the driving test is a friend of mine. 5）非限定性的完成体作定语或如果分词所修饰的词是泛指则没有这个限制。如： Anyone having passed the test has got a prize. 任何通过考试的人都能得到一份奖品。 Charlie, having lived in Paris for years, decided to return to London. 在巴黎呆过多年，查理决定重返伦敦。
非谓语动词（II）----------动词ing形式的用法 （现在分词/ 动名词） 划出下列句子中的V-ing形式，并分析其句子成分。 ⑴Smoking does great harm to people’s health. ⑵ My job is looking after children. ⑶ I have finished reading the novel. ⑷ We have got a swimming pool in our school. (5) He made me angry by hitting my car. (6) Having heard the news, I wrote to him to comfort him. (7) This is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city. (8) I heard him singing a song in the classroom. (9) Do you know the boy standing at the gate? (10)The news he told us is exciting 动词的ing形式，在作非谓语动词时，根据其在句子中充当的句子成分，可以叫做现在分词或动名词。 表示主动，或动作正在进行。 一般时doing 完成时having done 被动式being done 现在分词：现在分词的意义和作用：分词在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。 动名词：在句子中可以作主语，宾语 I．doing作主语：表示经常性的动作。to do 常表示未发生的动作 Eg：Doing sports regularly is good for our health. 1.______________________________(早起) is too difficult for the lazy boy. 2.______________________________(多植树) can help protect the environment. 3.______________________________(打篮球) is my favorite sport. 4.______________________________(走路上班) is a kind of green lifestyle. 5.______________________________(错过比赛时间) led to his failure. 6.______________________________(保护野生动物)means protecting ourselves. 7.______________________________(考试中作弊) is a terribly bad behavior. 8.______________________________(相信我们自己) makes a great difference to our study. 9.______________________________(照顾父母) is thought to be our duty. 10.______________________________(吸烟和喝酒) do harm to our health.
最新非谓语动词详解+例句 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．（北京）The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants. A．ranging B．range C．to range D．ranged 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。 考点：考查非谓语动词。 [名师点睛] 现在分词和过去分词的区别： 在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义； 在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。 如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶 分词的作用 作定语 单个分词作定语，分词前置。如： The sleeping boy is my son. The excited people rushed into the building. 分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如： The girl standing under the tree is my niece. The building built last year is our library. 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists 作状语 现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。 Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. As I didn’t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(条件) Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend. Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因). Though defeated, he didn’t lose heart. (让步) He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随) He came running to tell me the good news. (方式)