SAT OG Test 4,Section2
1.To avoid being ------, composer Stephen Sondheim
strives for an element of surprise in his songs.
(A) erratic 古怪的漂泊不定的人
(B)informal
(C) elaborate
(D) predictable
(E) idiosyncratic特质的
解析：D，作曲家史蒂芬为了避免作品过于通俗可见力求在他的作品中加入令人惊喜的元素。我们从后面的surprise可以看出前面是为了避免古语通俗。
2. Because the pandas had already been weakened by disease and drought.
a harsh winter would have had----- consequences for them.
(A) preventive
(B) regressive 退化的
(C) catastrophic灾难性的
(D) unforeseen 未预见的
(E) moderate
解析：C，由于大熊猫已经受到疾病和干旱的袭击，如果要再经历一个严冬会给他们带来一长灾难性的结果。
3.For many of the villagers, marriage was a practical........ one not necessarily ------- of love but nevertheless grounded largely in economic advantage.
A) arrangement .. devoid安排，缺乏
(B) entertainment .. disparaging娱乐，蔑视
(C) attitude .. consisting
(D) bargain .. worhy
(E) misfortune .. trusting
解析：A，对于一些村民来说，婚姻是一个更为实际的计划，一个婚姻并不是缺乏爱然而一定要有一定的经济优势。
4.Maggie is a procrastinator, naturally inclined to -----
and to ....... discussions.
(A) meddle .. scoff at管闲事，藐视
(B) temporize .. prolong拖延，延长
(C) misbehave . . disrupt行为不礼貌，打扰
(D) sneer .. terminate嘲笑，终止
(E) withdraw .. intrude in撤退，闯入
解析：B，马吉是一个有拖延症的人，经常会延长我们讨论的时间。
5. Just as glass windows offer buildings both light and insulation. certain atmospheric gases ....... incoming sunlight and ....... heat radiated from the ground. preventing warmth from escaping.
(A) conduct .. release管理，释放
(B) deflect .. transmit专项，传播
(C) admit .. contain容许，含有
(D) absorb .. dispense吸收，分发
(E) resist .. trap
解析：C就像建筑物上的玻璃既透明又绝缘，可以容许一些来自太阳的大气气体进入并保持来自地面的热量，不必流失热量。
6. The speaker.praised for her style yet ridiculed for her vacuity. often moved naive listeners with ------alone and led them to believe that her speech had -----.
A) reason .. dalliance原因，嬉戏
(B) infelicity .. conviction不幸，定罪
(C) rhetoric .. substance华丽的辞藻，主旨
(D) pragmatism .. futility实用主义，无用
(E) boorishness .. integrity粗鲁的，正直的
解析：C，这个演讲者，他的风格值得表扬但是他的内容空白，经常用一些华丽的辞藻打动听众，只能让他们相信他的演讲有内容。后面半句可以看出只能打动那些天真的听众，vacuity就与后面的是相反的意思。
7. The actor was noted for his ------behavior: he quickly became irritated if his every whim was not immediately satisfied.
(A) fastidious挑剔的
(B) sedulous勤勉的
(C) vindictive怀恨的
(D) petulant暴躁的
(E) mercenary唯利是图者
解析：演员指出了他的举止很随意：如果他的每一个想法没有得到满足他很快就会发怒。我们从后半句可以看他的脾气很暴躁，所以前面对应的是D暴躁的。8. Hayley Mills's films have been called -----. Although most of them are not so sentimental as to deserve that description.
(A) treacly甜蜜的
(B) cursory粗略的
(C) prosaic平凡的，乏味的
(D) meticulous一丝不苟的小心翼翼的
(E) consecrated神圣的
解析：A，海利的电影通常是---，尽管大部分并不伤感配不上这样的描述。后面的sentimental可以看出是细腻的感情电影，although表示转折。
Questions 9-10 are based on the following passage.
That nineteenth-century French novelist Honore
de Ballae could be financially wise in his fiction while
losing all his money in life was an irony duplicated in
other matters. For instance, the vcry women who had
5 been drawn to him by the penetrating intuition of
the female heart that he showed in his. novels were
appalled to discover how insensitive and awkward the
real man could be. It seems the true source of creation
for Balzac was not sensitivity but imugillaliOlI. Balzac's
10 fiction originally sprang from an intui tion be first discovered
as a wretched little school boy locked in a dark
closet of his boarding school: life is a prison. and only
imagination can open its doors.
文章大意：19世纪法国小说家巴尔扎克在他的小说方面很有经济头脑而具有讽刺性的是在现实生活中却非常麻木，他的创作铃铎多来自与想象，而不是敏感。长难词：duplicate复制品 appall 震惊intuition直觉 wretch可怜的人
9. The example in lines 4-8 primarily suggest that
(A) Balzac's work wa~ not especially popular
among female readers
(B) Bulzac could not write convincingly aboui
financial matters
(C) Balzac's insights into character were not
evident in his everyday life
(D) people who knew Balzac personally could
not respect him as an anist
(E) readers had unreasonable expectations
of Balzac lhe man
解析：C，我们看4-8行那些曾经被他作品里细腻的描述所吸引的女性非常震惊的发现他在现实生活中非常麻木和迟钝的。所以巴尔扎克对于人物的描写不是来自平时的生活中。
10. 10. The author mentions Balzac's experience asa schoolboy in order to
(A) explain why Balzac was unable to conduct
his financial affairs properly
(B) point out a possible source of Balzuc's
powerful imagination
(C) exonerate the boarding school for Balzac's
lackluster performance
(D) foster the impression that Balzac was an
unru ly student
(E) depict the conditions of boarding school
life during Balzac's youth
解析：B，我们找到这一句“Balzac's10 fiction originally sprang from an intui tion be first discovered as a wretched little school boy locked in a dark closet”，我们可以看出巴尔扎克最初的灵感来源是那个被锁在壁橱的可怜的小男孩，这里就是强调他的灵感来源。
Dr. Jane Wright insisted in Imer years thm her
father. surgeon Louis Wright, never pressured her
to study medicine: indeed he warned her how hard
becoming a doctor would be. His very fame, within
5 and beyond the African American community, made
her training harder in some ways. "His being so good
really makes it very difficult:' Wright tuld an interviewer
soon after she graduated from medical school
in 1945. "Everyone knows who Papa is."
文章大意：主要描述莱特.简医生在学医生涯中父亲所充当的角色，没有严格的要求他去从医，而是告诉他这条路会非常艰难，而事实证明在父亲的影响下他的确付出了很大的努力。
11. The passage suggests that Jane Wright's medicaltraining was made more difficult because
(A) her father warned her not to study medicine
(B) her falher flaunted his success
(C) she did not spend adequate time studying
(D) she shared her father's desire for fame
(E) she was inevitably compared to her father
解析：E，整篇文章考察的是父亲在她从医的过程中所带来的影响，因为父亲是美国黑人区非常著名的医生，所以必定会与他作对比，学医的路就会变的更艰难。
12. The passage is primarily concerned with Jane Wright's
(A) views of the medical profession
(B) childhood recollections
(C) perception of her father as a role model
(D) reluctance 10 collaborate with her father
(E) gratitude for her father's encouragement
解析：C，这篇文章主要讲的是莱特.简的父亲在他学医过程中所充当的角色，所
长难词：stricture 狭窄stumbling 障碍demean贬低 gentility有教养的exertion 发挥努力masculine男性 anomalous异常的 census人口的 mistress 女主人 filial 孝顺的proprietor业主 retain保持记住 auctioneer拍卖商fragmentary 碎片的unescorted 没人陪同hint 暗示confinement限制 parlor 客厅 constrain 驱使hail招呼 emancipation 释放chagrine悲伤的 agitate 摇动
13. Lines 18-21 suggest that for Victorian middle-classwomen. "self-worth" and "economic exertions" were thought to be
(Al mutually exclusive
(B) constantly evolving
(C) the two keys to success
(D) essential to finding a husband
(E) easy to achieve
解析：A，文章提到“But unlike a man, whose self-worth rose through his economic exertions. a woman who did likewise risked。。。”这句的意思是女人不能够像男人一样通过在商业上的努力实现自我价值这样会招致蔑视。
14. 14. In line 24, "occupation" most nearly means
(A) military conquest
(B) pleasant diversion
(C) vocation
(D) settlement
(El political repression
解析：C，occupation在文章的意思是职业工作
15. The author of Passage I considers trade tokens(lines 37-38) as evidence against the prevalence ofa fifth class in the seventeenth century because they
(A) served as legal currency
(B) were issued 10 both middle-class and workingclass
women
(C) helped neutralize gender stereotypes of the day
(D) failed to identify women by their names and
positions
(E) identified men and women as partners in business
解析：E，这一段提到“in the late seventeenth century, tradetokens used by local shopkeepers and small masters infamily businesses carried the initials of the man's and the”这里说到使用贸易令牌证明男女在这里是商业伙伴，所以与17世纪的第五阶级实不符的。
16. All of the following are referred to in Passage I as evidence of womcn's diminished social status inVictorian England EXCEPT the
(A) disparity between men's and women's career
opportunities
(B) shame risked by women who wished to enter
commerce
(C) exclusion of women's initials from trade tokcns
(D) influence of the queen
(E) absence of financial records documenting
women's octivity
解析：D，这里采用的是排除法，其他四项在文中都有提到，而D是女皇的影响文章中并没有提到。
17, Which statement about British society, if true,would most directly support the view described in lines 42-46 ?
(A) Seventeenth-century women workers could raise
their status by assuming greater responsibilities.
(B) Women wrote more novels in the early nineteenth
century than they did in the early eighteenth
century.
(C) Women and girls worked in factories throughout
the nineteenth century.
(D) The practice of married couples jointly running
businesses died out in the early nineteenth
century.
(E) In the seventeenth century, formal academic
institutions were closed to women.
解析：D，42-46的观点是18世纪这种女性参与商业的现象已经快要消退，那么D说的就是夫妻共同经商的现象在19世纪初期已经消失了，所以支持了论点。
18. In context, "hail" (line 80) most nearly means
(A) call out to
(B) gesture to
(C) come from
(D) welcome
(E) summon
解析：D，hail在这里的意思是欢迎。
19. In Passage 2. Mary Kingsley 's attitude toward
women's rights campaigns (lines 85·90) suggests
(A) a single-minded dedication to equality between
thc sexes .
(B) a way in which dedication to one cause can lead
to antagonism toward another
(C) a striking inconsistency between her identity as
a British citizen and her identity as a woman
(D) an understanding of the link between women's
struggle for freedom and the struggles of other
groups
(E) a contradiction between her personal motives and
the way her actions are interpreted
解析：E，这里描述的马莉。金斯利言语上反对旅行，而当他从非洲西部回来之后却发现已经被人们称之为新时代女性，所以在语言和行动上是矛盾的。
20. According to Passage 2. nineteenth-century British
women were motivated to travel by which of the
foUowing?
I. Educational pursuits
II. Humanitarian concerns
III. Entrepreneurial interests
(A) I only
(8) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) I and III only
(E) II and III only
解析：C，这里女性出去旅行的动机是处于追求教育，人文关怀，这两点都有提到，但是企业利润没有提到。
21. Which British traveler of the Victorian era would best
illustrate the argument made in Passage 2 ?
(A) A middle-class woman who tours Greece and
Egypt to examine ancient ruins.
(B) An aristocratic woman who lives in the Asian
capital where her father is the British
ambassador.
(C) A young woman and her husband, both
missionaries. who relocate pennanenlly in a
distant country.
(D) A nursemaid who accompanies an aristocratic
family to its new home in New York City.
(E) A young girl from a poor family who is sent by relatives to make her fonune in Australia.
解析：A，篇章2中提到女性出去旅行的动机有追求教育和人文关怀，而这里提到中产阶级的女性去希腊和埃及去查看文化遗迹就是其中的内容所以支持了观点。
22. The "fifth class" (line 29) in Passage I is most like
which group in Passage 2 ?
(A) Women who worked as missionaries
(B) The "caged birds" (line 71)
(C) The "new woman" (lines 89-90)
(D) Dorothy Middleton and Mary Kingsley
(E) Davenport Adams and Paul Fussell
解析：B，29行中写道那些第五产阶级的人是没有工作，没有任何意见的人，和篇章2中的笼中鸟是一个意思。
23. Passage I and Passage 2 share a general tone of
(A) affectionate nostalgia
(B) analytical detachment
(C) personal regret
(D) righteous indignation
(E) open hostility
解析：B，这里考察考生对于文章整体的把握，一直采用的是很公正分析，A怀旧之情，C个人遗憾，D正义的愤怒的E公开的敌意，都没有表现出来。
24. The information in Passage 1 supports which assumption about the women described in Passage 2
(A) They were discouraged from pursuing careers in
their native country.
(B) They sought to establish new businesses in
foreign countries.
(C) They traveled with children and other family
members.
(D) Thcy were universally admired by British women
from every class of society.
(E) They were committed advocates of social reform.
解析：A，篇章1支持篇章2中的哪一个假设，篇章1一直陈述不支持女性工作，那么与2中的不支持在自己国家工作相符。
Section5
1. Predictably, detail-oriented workers are ------- keeping
track of the myriad particulars of a situation.
(A) remiss in怠慢的
(B) adept at善于
(C) humorous about 幽默的
(D) hesitant about犹豫
(E) contemptuous of轻蔑的
解析：B，可想而知，工作细心的员工会---跟进场景中每一个特殊的细节。这里有单词detial-oriented可以看出善于查看细节。
2. The controversial tax fueled a sustained ------that could not be ------- by the Prime Minister's impassioned speeches.
(A) rebellion .. challenged反抗，挑战
(B) interrogation .. fortified疑问，加强
(C) conflagration .. fostered大火，培育
(D) denial .. restrained否认，抑制
(E) uprising .. quelled起义，平息
解析：E，富有争议的税收问题点燃了一直---就连首相充满激情的演讲也不能--。由sustained可以知道这一直受到争议的问题，后面是有激情的演讲，所以应该前面是起义后面是镇压。
3.Inbreeding can promote the expression of _________ genes, those that make an animal subject to disease or impair reproductive efficiency.
(A) ineffable adj. 不可言喻的
(B) articulated adj. 清晰的，使相互连贯
(C) consummate adj. 圆满的 v. 完成
(D) presumptive adj. 假定的
(E) deleterious adj. 有害的
解析：E，近亲交配会增加—基因，这样会使动物容易生病或音响繁殖效率。我们知道近亲交配一定是不好的，从选项就可以进行排除。
4. The doctor __________ so frequently on disease-prevention techniques that his colleagues accused him of __________.
(A) vacillated v. 摇摆，犹豫...inconsistency n. 不一致,易变
(B) sermonized v. 说教...fidelity n. 忠诚
(C) wavered v. 动摇，摇摆...steadfastness n. 坚定地，不动摇的
(D) experimented v. 实验，尝试...inflexibility n. 顽固
(E) relied v. 信任...negligence n. 疏忽
解析：A，医生这么频繁的_________疾病预防措施，他的同事称他为
_______.so..that引导的结果状语从句，就是说这个医生对于这个疾病的预防措施老是变来变去，所以指责他易变。
5. A judicious biography must be _________ representation that depicts both the strengths and the weaknesses of the subject, avoiding the two extremes of _________ and indictment.
(A) a polarized adj. 两极分化...vindication n. 辩护
(B) an imaginative adj. 富于想象的...discernment n. 洞察力，识别
(C) a holistic adj. 整体的...censure n. 责备
(D) a complimentary adj. 称赞的...animosity n. 敌意
(E) an equitable adj. 公平的...eulogy n. 颂扬
解析：E，一本好的传记一定是----的代表既要描述他的强项也要描述弱项，避免两个---和控告的极端。我们看后面的句子既要有弱点又要有强项，所以应该是公平的，后面两个极端一个是被控诉，另一个就是颂扬。
Questions 6-9 a re based on the following passages.
Passage 1
Farm families are able to achieve efficiency only
through a brutal work schedule that few people could
tolerate. ''The farm family does physically demanding
work and highly stressful work at least 14 hours a day
5 (often at least 18 hours a day duri ng harvest season),
7 days a week, 365 days a year, without a scheduled
vacation or weekends off," wrote Minnesota politician
and farm alumnus Darrell McKigney. ''The farmer must
endure all of th is without ... any of the benefits that most
IQ United States labor unions demand." A dairy farmer. for instance, cannot just take off for a two-week vacation and
not milk the cows. "Farmers lose perspective on the other
things in life:" one psychologist has written. ''The farm
literally consumes them."
Passage 2
15 Americans have distanced themselves from the
ethics and morals of food production. except where it
serves them to think nostalgically about family farms
as the source of our better values. Little wonder that
a polltaken by The New York Times finds a majority
10 of Americans seeing farm life as superior to any other
kind of life in this country. As consumers. Americans
have enjoyed relatively inexpensive food. What wi1l
happen if family farms disappear? What will we do
without family farmers to watch over the system for
25 us, to be our dupes. and to create that pleasant situation through their own great discomfort?
文章大意：篇章1描述农场人劳累的工作，时间长，没有假期，体力的超负荷工作，篇章2描写一些非农场人对于农场人的看法，认为他们的工作要好于其他工作。也表明了农场人的重要性，没有他们把控食物生产很难想象。
长难词：brutal残忍的野蛮的 alumnus 男校友nostalgically 怀乡的恋旧的dupes受骗的 poll投票民意测试
6. Unlike Passage 2, Passage I is primarily concerned
with the
(A) ethical implications of food production
(B) harsh working conditions on many
farms
(C) need for farmers to form a labor union
(D) plentiful and varied food available in
the United States
(E) beliefs of many Americans regarding
farm life
解析：B，篇章一整篇都在描写农户工作艰苦条件，假期很少。从句子“The farm family does physically demandingwork and highly stressful work at least 14 hours a day5 (often at least 18 hours a day duri ng harvest season)”也可看出来休息很少。
7, Both passages serve to discourage the
(A) reliance on polls for accurate informalion
(8) desire of many fanners 10 take annual
vacations
(C) tendency of Americans to buy inexpensive
foods
(D) romanticization of farm life by nonfarmers
(E) rise in price of home-grown produce
解析：D，篇章一着重强调农民的悲苦生活，篇章二描写一些美国居民悠闲的生活，那么两篇都不鼓励非农场居民的悠闲生活。
8. The author of Passage I would most likely assert
which of the following about the "majority"
(line 19, Passage 2)?
(A) They.would be bored by the routine chores
that are performed on a farm.
(B) They have little understanding of the realities
of farm life.
(C) They admire the efficiency of the average
family farm.
(D) They wish to improve the arduous life of
many farmers.
(E) They are impressed by the current research
on economical food production.
解析：B，篇章2中提到的大多数人认为农场人的生活相对于其他工作来说是比较好的，而篇章1一直在强调农场人忙碌辛苦的工作，所以篇章1最可能统一的观点是那大部分人是没有体会到农场的真正生活的。
9, Unlike the author of Passage 2. the author of Passage I
does which of the following?
(A) Explains a study.
(B) Offers a solution.
(C) Argues a position.
(D) Discusses a phenomenon.
(E) Quotes an authority.
解析：E，篇章1更多的信息包括农场人工作的时间，假期都是有官方信息的，所以引用了一些权威的信息。
Questions 10·15 are based on the following passage.
This excerpt from a novel by a Chinese American author
is about a Chinese American woman named June. During
a family dinner party attended by some of June 's Chinese
American friends. Waverly, a tax attorney. discusses an advertisement that June wrote for her.
Waverly laughed in a lighthearted way. "I mean. really.
June." And then she started in a deep television-announcer
voice: "Three benefits, three needs. three reasons to buy .. Satisfaction guaranteed . ... "
5 She said this in such a funny way that everybody
thought it was a good joke and laughed. And then, to
make matters worse, I heard my mother saying to Waverly:
"True, one can't leach style. June is not sophisticated like
you. She must have been born this way."
10 I was surprised at myself, how humiliated I felt. I had
been outsmarted by Waverly once again, and now betrayed
by my own mother.
Five months ago. some time after the dinner. my mother
gave me my "life's importance:” a jade pendant on a gold
15 chain. The pendant was not a piece of jewelry I would have chosen (or myself. It was almost the size of my little finger, a mottled green and white color. intricately carved. To me.
the whole effect looked wrong: too large. too green. too garishly ornate. I stuffed the necklace in my lacquer box"
20 and forgot about it.
But these days. I think about my life's importance .
I wonder what it means, because my mother died three
months ago, sh days before my thirty-sixth binhdl1y.
And she's the only person I could have asked to tell me
25 about life's importance, to help me understand my grief.
I now wear that pcndl1nt every day. I think the carvings
mean something. because shapes and details, which I never
seem to notice until after they're pointed out to me, always mean something to Chinese people. I know I could I1sk
30 Auntie Lindo. Aunrie An-mei, or other Chinese friends.
but I also know they would tell me a meaning that is different from what my mother intended. What if they tell
me this curving line branching into three oval shapes is a promegranate and that my mother was wishing me fertility
35 and posterity? What if my mother really meant the carvings were a branch of pears to give me purity and honesty?
And because I think about this all the time, I always
notice other people wearing these same jade pendants
- not the flat rectangular medallions or the round white
40 ones with holes in the middle but ones like mine, a two-inch oblong of bright apple green. It's as though we were
all sworn to the same secret covenant, so secret we don't
even know what we belong to. Last weekend, for example.
I saw a bartender wearing one. As I fingered mine, I asked
45 him, "Where'd you get yours?"
'"My mother gave it to me," he said.
I asked him why, which is a nosy question that only one Chinese person can ask another: in a crowd of Caucasians,
two Chinese people are already like family.
50 "She gave it to me after I got divorced. I guess my
mother's telling me I'm still worth something."
And I knew by the wonder in his voice that he had
no idea what the pendant real1y meant.
文章大意：文章主要是描述作者与妈妈发生的一些事情，晚餐中被朋友嘲弄后，又被妈妈背叛了，作者收到自尊心的创伤，而后又叙述妈妈送个他的一个垂饰所带给作者一系列的想法，妈妈实在告诉她人生重要的意义。
长难词：lighthearted无忧无虑的 outsmart比。。更聪明 pendant垂饰 mottle 斑点intricately 杂乱的，精致的garishly华丽的 ornate 华丽的lacquer 涂漆oval 椭圆形pomegranate石榴 medallion奖章 covenant契约 bartender 酒保exasperate恶化，激怒
10. In lines 1-4. Waverly characterizes June's
advertisement as being
(A) unsophisticated and heavy-handed
(B) somber and convoluted
(C) clear and concise
(D) humorous and effective
(E) clever and lively
解析：A，从Waverly 的话我们可以看出他们认为作者的想法是不精明的，笨手笨脚的。
11. In the context of the passage, the statement "I was
surprised at myself”(line 10) suggests that June
(A) had been unaware of the extent of her emotional
vulnerability
(8) was exasperated that she allowed Waverly to
embarrass her in public
(C) was amazed that she could dislike anyone so
much
(D) had not realized that her mother admired her
friend Waverly
(E) felt guilty about how much she resented her own
mother
解析：A，这句说june是很惊讶的，因为被朋友嘲弄和妈妈的背叛后，他感觉自己的自尊受到的了伤害，而在当时并没有感到。
12 June's observation in lines 10-11 (" I had.,. again")
suggests that
(A) June had expected Waverly to insult her
(B ) June had hoped to embarrass Waverly
this time
(C) Waverly had a private understanding
with June's mother
(D) Waverly had made June feel inadequate
on previous occasions
(E) Waverly was a more talented writer than
June was
解析：D，在10-11说明这件事已经过去了，但是作者仍然记得当时waverly让他在之前的场合感觉很不好，所以作者一直都记得。
13. For June. a significant aspect of what happened at the
dinner party is that
(A) her mother had taken great pains to make Waverly
feel welcome
(B) her mother had criticized her for arguing with
Waverly
(C) her mother had sided against her in front of family
and friends
(D) Waverly had angered June's mother
(E) Waverly had lied to June's mother
解析：C，对于作者来说在晚餐上发生的事情影响更重要的是妈妈和朋友站在一起让他在朋友和家人面前不堪。
14. The description of June's encounter with the bartender
primarily serves to suggest that
(A) the relationship of mother and son is different
from that of mother and daughter
(B) June is not the only one who ponders the meaning
of a jade pendant
(C) a jade pendant symbolizes the mystery of life and
death
(D) June finally understands the true meaning of her
jade pendant
(E) strangers are easier to talk to than family members
and friends
解析：B，当作者遇到那个酒保并且问了他为什么有这个垂饰，他也并没有解释清楚，所以作者june并不是唯一一对于这个玉坠的意思感到迷茫的。
15.The passage indicates that the act of giving a jade
pendant can best be described as
(A) a widely observed tradition
(B) a mother's plea for forgiveness
(C) an example of a mother's extravagance
(D) an unprecedented act of generosity
(E) an unremarkable event in June's life
解析：A,作者是一个美籍华人而遇到的那个酒保也是美籍华人，他们都得到了母亲送予的玉坠，所以这表明是一个传统。
In North America, bats fall into mainly predictable
categories: they arc nocturnal, eat insects, and arc rather
small. But winging through their lush, green-black world,
tropical bats are more numerous and have more exotic
5 habits than do temperate species. Some of them feed on
nectar that bat-pollinated trees have evolved to profit from
their visits. Carnivorous bats like nothing better than a local frog, lizard, fish. or bird. which they pluck from the foliage
or a moonlit pond. Of course, some bats are vampires and
10 dine on blood. In the movies, vampires are rather showy,
theatrical types, but vampire bats rely on stealth and small
pinprick incisions made by razory. triangular front teeth.
Sleeping livestock are their usual victims, and they take
care not to wake them. First, they make the classic incisions
15 shaped like quotation marks; then, with saliva full of anti·coagulants so that the victim's blood will flow nicely, they
quietly lap their fill. Because this anticoagulant is not toxic
to humans, vampire bats may one day play an important
role in the treatment of heart patients-that is, if we can
20 just gel over our phobia about them. Having studied them intimately. I now know that bats are sweet-tempered, useful, and fascinating creatures. The long-standing fear that many people have about bats tells us less about bats than about human fear.
25 Things that live by night live outside the realm of "normal" time. Chauvinistic about our human need to
wake by day and sleep by night. we come to associate night dwellers with people up to no good, people who have the
jump on the rest of us and are defying nature. defying their
30 circadian rhythms'- Also, night is when we dream, and so
we picture the bats moving through a dream time, in which reality is warped. After all , we do not see very well at night: we do not need to. But that makes us nearly defense·less after dark. Although we are accustomed to mastering
35 our world by day, in the night we become vulnerable as prey. Thinking of bats as masters of the night threatens the safety we daily take for granted. Though we are at the top
of our food chain. if we had to live alone in the rain forest. say. and protect ourselves against roaming predators, we
40 would live partly in terror. as our ancestors did. Our sense of safety depends on predictability, so anything living
outside the usual rules we suspect to be an outlaw, a ghoul. Bats have always figured as frightening or supernatural creatures in the mythology, religion, and superstition of
45 peoples everywhere. Finnish peasants once believed that
their souls rose from their bodies while they slept and flew around the countryside as bats, then returned to them by morning. Ancient Egyptians prized bat parts as medicine
for a variety of diseases. Perhaps the most mystical, ghoul-
50 ish, and intimate relationship between bats and humans occurred among the Maya about two thousand years ago.
Zotzilaha Chamalcan. their bat god, had a human body but
the stylized head and wings of a bat. His image appears
often on their altars. pottery, gold ornaments, and stone
55 pillars. One especially frightening engraving shows the bat
god with outstretched wings and a question·mark nose, its
tongue wagging with hunger, as it holds a human corpse in
one hand and the human's heart in the other. A number of
other Central American cultures raised the bat to the ulti-
60 mate height: as god of death and the underworld. But it
was Bram Stoker's riveting novel Dracula that turned
small, furry mammals into huge, bloodsucking monsters
in the minds of English-speaking people. If vampires were
semihuman, then they could fascinate with their conniving
65 cruelty, and thus a spill of horror books began to appear
about the human passions of vampires.
? Circadian rhythms are patterns of daily change within one's body that
are determined by the time of day or night.
文章大意：文章主要讲的是人们对于蝙蝠的一些常规看法所带给人们心理的那种
恐惧，同时叙述了蝙蝠一些罕见的发现，可以用作医学研究等，以及在神灵中对
蝙蝠这种生物的象征。
长难词：nocturnal夜曲的 nectar花蜜 nothing better than 更加喜爱foliage
植物，叶子 incision 切口anticoagulant抗凝剂 phobia恐怖憎恶 circadian
生理节奏 warp弯曲 prey捕食，牺牲 ghoul盗墓者 finnish 芬兰人intimate
亲密的 altar 祭坛pottery 陶器ornament装饰 out stretched 扩张 underworld
16. The author's main point in the passage is that
(A) there are only a few kinds of bats
(B) humans are especially vulnerable to nocturnal
predators
(C) bat saliva may have medicinal uses
(D) only myth and literature have depicted the true
nature of the bat
(E) our perception of bats has its basis in human
psychology
解析：E，这个考察大家爱对文章主旨的了解，开篇提到“the long-standing fear
that many people have about bats”所以是人们意念中对蝙蝠的心理上的看法。
17. As used in line 14. "classic" most nearly means
(A) literary
(B) enduring
(C) elegant
2017年6月大学英语四级真题及答案 (第一套) Part I Writing (25 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a computer you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Questions 1 to 2 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) The man in the car was absent-minded. B) The test driver made a wrong judgement. C) The self-driving system was faulty. D) The car was moving at a fast speed. 2. A) They have done better than conventional cars. B) They have caused several severe crashes. C) They have posed a threat to other drivers. D) They have generally done quite well. Questions 3 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 3. A) He works at a national park. B) He is a queen been specialist. C) He removed the beyond from the boot.
Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding —the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. "All men are created equal." We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country's founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children — the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children — disabled or not — to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs. 59. In paragrah 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that ________. [A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society [B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are [C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society [D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children 60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that ________. [A] they are expected to be leaders of the society [B] they might become a burden of the society [C] they should fully develop their potentials [D] disabled children deserve special consideration 61. This passage mainly deals with ________. [A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities [B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society [C] the special educational programs for exceptional children [D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children 62. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children ________. [A] is now enjoying legal support [B] disagrees with the tradition of the country [C] was clearly stated by the country's founders [D] will exert great influence over court decisions 重点词汇： denote （v.表示）即de+note，de-向下，note 记录，“记录下来”→表示。Wisdom denotes the pursuing of the best and by the best means.“明智”指的是以最好的方法追求最好的结果。 难句解析： ①Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. ▲第一个短句结构很简单，第二句中For these children to develop to their full adult potential是一个表示目的的状语，也可以看成是一个从主句their education must be adapted to those differences后面提前了的介词结构。 △第一个短句中exceptional一词我们从文章后面的叙述中可以知道它不是我们一般理解的“杰出的，出类拔萃的”，而应指“反常的，有缺陷的”，其实此处的exceptional是一种“身有残疾”的委婉表达法；significant应理解为“重要的，关键的”，而第二句的develop to their full adult potential的develop是一个不及物动词，意为“发展，养成”，而potential是一个名词，意为“潜能”；be adapted to的意思是“被调整，适应”。 ②While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. ▲此句由一个while引导的让步状语从句the leading actor on the stage captures our attention和一个主句构成。 △要理解本句，重点是看到它是一个类比，把残疾儿童比喻为舞台上的主要角色，而他们的家庭和社会环境被比喻为配角和戏剧的布景。在考研的阅读理解中，当我们碰到作者使用各种比喻和类比时，最重要的一点就是要弄清其用比喻来说明的对象。 ③And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding — the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.
SAT test 5 1.For a long time, most doctors maintained that taking massive doses of vitamins was relatively harmless; now, however, some are warning that excessive dosages can be _________. (A) healthy adj. 健康的 (B) expensive adj. 昂贵的 (C) wasteful adj. 浪费的 (D) toxic adj. 有毒的 (E) inane adj. 愚蠢的 解析：D，在很长的一段时间里，大多数医生认为用大量的维他命是无害的;不过现在有些人警告过量食用会----。这里however表示转折与前面的harmless是相反的意思。 2. In Jamaica Kincaid's novel Lucy, the west Indian heroine _________ her employers' world, critically examining its assumptions and values. (A) idealizes v. 理想化 (B) avoids v. 避开 (C) beautifies v. 美化 (D) scrutinizes v. 仔细检查 (E) excludes v. 排除， 解析：E，在牙买加金彩的小说露西，这个西印度群岛英雄----她的雇主的世界，精细的审视他的猜测和价值。这个句子中前后两句意思是一致的，没有转折词，所以空格所需的东西与examining是同义词，所以D。 3.The frequent name changes that the country has undergone _________ the political turbulence that has attended its recent history. (A) argue against v. 真钞，辩论 (B) contrast with v. 对比，差异 (C) testify to v. 证明 (D) jeopardize v. 危及
Passage1 Reading leadership literature, you’d sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader. 读领导文学，你有时会认为每个人都有可能成为一个有效的领导者。 I don’t believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who arc sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities. 我不相信这是真的。事实上，我认为真正有效的领导者的方式比我看到的人都陷在领导的职位上，遗憾的是他们自己的能力不称职，严重误导了他们。 Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to（追求）leadership in the first place. 对产生这种现象的原因一部分是由那些渴望缺乏诚实的自我评估（追求）放在首位的领导 We've all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whether it's a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders. 我们都遇到了个人的类型，他们必须负责。无论是决策会议，篮球比赛，还是家庭外出，他们都不能不抓住领导的狗的地位，并紧紧抓住它，因为亲爱的生命。他们相信他们是天生的领袖。 Truth is, they're nothing of the sort. True leaders don't assume that it's their divine（神圣的）right to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite. A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it. 事实是，他们没有什么样的。真正的领导者不认为这是他们的神圣（神圣的）负责每次两个或两个以上的人在一起吧。恰恰相反。一个伟大的领导者会对每一个情况进行评估，并在他们的位置、情况和/或需要的情况下，只会负责。 Many business executives confuse leadership with action. They believe that constant motion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situation that can’t be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience. Their one leadership tool is
大学英语四级考试真题及答案(绝对完整） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2. 也会带来一些问题 3. 你的看法？ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. How Do You See Diversity? As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise. He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice. “It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s “different” behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避开) your eyes. “I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it was cultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out ,but will not miss that opportunity again.” Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions . Hire Advantage At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from the process have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make .
英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析（三） When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be―even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right―it can hardly be classed as Literature. This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will. Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river—and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.” This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed? 19. This passage is mainly____. [A]a survey of new approaches to art [B]a review of Futurist poetry [C]about merits of the Futurist movement [D]about laws and requirements of literature 20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____. [A]determine its purposes [B]ignore its flaws [C]follow the new fashions [D]accept the principles 21. Futurists claim that we must____. [A]increase the production of literature [B]use poetry to relieve modern stress [C]develop new modes of expression [D]avoid using adjectives and verbs 22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is____. [A]based on reasonable principles [B]new and acceptable to ordinary people [C]indicative of basic change in human nature
大学英语四级阅读理解试题 Many people believe the glare from snow causes snowblindnenss. Yet, dark glasses or not , they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes,and even snowblindness,when exposed to several hours of "snow light" . The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow- covered , a man's eyes frequently find nothing to foucs on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of tsomething to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never sotp searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature offsets this irritation by producing more and fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid coversthe eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is obsured,and the result is total, even though temporary,snowblindness. Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are
精品文档 2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（完整版） 来源：文都教育 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why? 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1. A) See a doctor about her strained shoulder. B) Use a ladder to help her reach the tea. C) Replace the cupboard with a new one. D) Place the tea on a lower shelf next time. 2. A) At Mary Johnson's. C) In an exhibition hall. B) At a painter's studio. D) Outside an art gallery. 3. A) The teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience. B) She does not quite agree with what the man said. C) The man had better talk with the students himself. D) New students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation. 4. A) He helped Doris build up the furniture. B) Doris helped him arrange the furniture.
2020考研英语阅读真题解析 2016考研英语阅读真题解析 (1999年真题SectionIIIReadingComprehensionText4第4段第2句) Becausecurrentfederallawalreadyforbidstheuseoffederalfundstocreateembryos( theearlieststageofhumanoffspringbeforebirth)forresearchortoknowinglyendangerane mbryo'slife,NBACwillremainsilentonembryoresearch. 译文：因为现行的联邦法律已经禁止使用联邦基金克隆研究用的胚胎(人类出生前的最早阶段)或有意识地危及胚胎的生命，因此NBAC将在胚胎研究问题上保持沉默。 分析：在这个主从复合句中，前面是because引导的原因状语从句，这个从句的宾语是use，of短语说明了use的对象 (federalfunds)，随后是两个并列的不定式短语，表明的是用途(createembryos;toknowinglyendangeranembryo'slife)，其中括号里的内容是对embryos的解释，然后才是主句，注意介词on(关于)的用法。 【词汇指南】 摘自《十天搞定考研词汇》(王江涛、刘文涛) current['k?:r?nt](adj.)当前的,流行的;流通的,通用的(n.)流动;水(气/电)流;趋势,潮流(CET-4)(2007年-阅读4、2009年-阅读1)(cur=car-词根,跑,奔,流，r-无意义双写，ent-的→“跑”在时代尖端的、紧跟潮“流”的——即“当前的;流行的”，引申为“通用的,流通的”以及“趋势,潮流”。②流动(的东西)——即“流动;水流;气流;电流”。) 1个派生词： currently['k?r?ntli](adv.)当前,现在;普遍地,通常地(CET-6、考研词汇)(2013年-阅读3)(ly-副词后缀) stage[steid?](n.)舞台;戏剧,演戏;阶段,时期(高考词
SAT test 5 1. For a long time, most doctors maintained that taking massive doses of vitamins was relatively harmless; now, however, some are warning that excessive dosages can be _________. (A) healthy adj. 健康的 (B) expensive adj. 昂贵的 (C) wasteful adj. 浪费的 (D) toxic adj. 有毒的 (E) inane adj. 愚蠢的 解析：D，在很长的一段时间里，大多数医生认为用大量的维他命是无害的;不过现在有些人警告过量食用会----。这里however表示转折与前面的harmless是相反的意思。 2. In Jamaica Kincaid's novel Lucy, the west Indian heroine _________ her employers' world, critically examining its assumptions and values. (A) idealizes v. 理想化 (B) avoids v. 避开 (C) beautifies v. 美化 (D) scrutinizes v. 仔细检查 (E) excludes v. 排除，
解析：E，在牙买加金彩的小说露西，这个西印度群岛英雄----她的雇主的世界，精细的审视他的猜测和价值。这个句子中前后两句意思是一致的，没有转折词，所以空格所需的东西与examining是同义词，所以D。 frequent name changes that the country has undergone _________ the political turbulence that has attended its recent history. (A) argue against v. 真钞，辩论 (B) contrast with v. 对比，差异 (C) testify to v. 证明 (D) jeopardize v. 危及 (E) sustain v. 支撑 解析：C，这个国家经历了频繁的国名变更---这个国家的近点史上的政治动乱。从句意可以看后句和前句是因果关系，前面证明了后面。 , clamlike bivalves of prehistoric times, were one of the most _________ forms of life on the Earth: more than 30,000 species have been _________ from fossil records. (A) plentiful adj. 丰富的...subtracted v. 减去 (B) ornate adj. 华丽的...retrieved v. 重新取回 (C) multifarious adj. 多方面的...catalogued v. 登记分类 (D) scarce adj. 缺乏的，罕见的...extracted v. 萃取的 (E) anachronistic adj. 时代错误的...extrapolated v. 推算，推断