第六讲阅读理解真题练习及答案详解
一、2001年1月CET-6阅读理解真题
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this passage is followed by some questions or unfinished each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
Birds that are literaly half asleep-with one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleeping—control which side of the brain remains awake,according to a new study of sleeping ducks.
Earlier studies have documented half brain sleep in a wide range of brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut,while the wakeful hemiphere’s eye stays open and also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.
Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in
the more vulnerable,end of the row enough,the end birds tended
to watch carefully on the side away from their in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze directions.
Also,birds dozing(打盹)at the end of the line resorted to single hemisphere sleep,rather than total relaxation,more often than inner ducks 16 birds through the positions in a four duck row,the researchers found outer birds half asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.
“We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain,”the researchers say.
The results provide the best evidence for a long standing supposition that
single hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread,he ’s seen it in a pair of birds dozing side by side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by mirror side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.
Useful as half sleeping might be,it’s only been found in birds and such water
mammals(哺乳动物)as dolphins,whales,and keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.
Studies of birds may offer unique insights into M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if brids’ half brain sleep“is just the tip of the iceberg(冰
山)”.He speculates that more examples ma y turn up when we take a closer look at
other species.
new study on birds’ sleep has revealed that____.
A)half brain sleep is found in a wide variety of birds
B)half brain sleep is characterized by slow brain waves
C)birds can control their half brain sleep consciously
D)birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest
to the passage,birds often half sleep because____.
A)they have to watch out for possible attacks
B)their brain hemispheres take turns to rest
C)the two halves of their brain are differently structured
D)they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions
example of a bird sleeping in front of a mirror indicates that____.
A)the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespread
B)birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of security
C)even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of security
D)a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror
sleeping,some water mammals tend to keep half awake in order to____.
A)alert themselves to the approaching enemy
B)emerge from water now and then to breathe
C)be sensitive to the ever changing environment
D)avoid being swept away by rapid currents
“just the tip of the iceberg”(Line 2,Para. 8),Siegel suggests that____.
A)half brain sleep has something to do with icy weather
B)the mystery of half brain sleep is close to being solved
C)most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepers
D)half brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
A nine year old schoolgirl single handedly cooks up a science fair experiment that ends up debunking(揭穿……的真相)a widely practiced medical Rosa’s target was a practice known as therapeutic(治疗的)touch (TT for short),whose advocates manipul ate patients’ “energy field” to make them feel better and even,say some,to cure them of various Emily’s
test shows that these energy fields can’t be detected,even by trained TT practitioners(行医者).Obviously mindful of the publicity value of the situation,Journal editor George Lundberg appeared on TV to declare,“Age does’t ’s good science that matters,and this is good science.”
Emily’s mother Linda Rosa,a registered nurse,has been campaigning against TT for
nearly a first thought about TT in the late 80s’,when she learned
it was on the approved list for continuing nursing education in 100,000 trained practitioners (48,000 in the .) don’t even touch their ,they waved their hands a few inches from the patient’s body,pushingenergy fields around until they’re in “balance.”TT advocates say these manipulations can help heal wounds,relieve pain and reduce claims are taken seriously enough that TT therapists are frequently hired by leading hospitals,at up to 70 an hour,to smooth patient’s energy,sometimes duri ng surgery.
Yet Rosa could not find any evidence that it provide such proof,TT therapists would have to sit down for independent testing—something they haven’t been eager to do,even though James Randi has offered more than 1 million to anyone who can demonstrate the existence of a human energy field.(He’s had one taker so failed.)A skeptic might conclude that TT practitioners are afraid to lay their beliefs on the who could turn down an innocent fourth graderSays Emily:“I think they didn’t take me very seriously because I’m a kid.”
The experiment was straightforward:21 TT therapists stuck their hands,palms up,through a held her own hand over one of theirs—left or right—and the practitioners had to say which hand it the results were recorded,they’d do ne no better than they would have by simply there was an energy field,they couldn’t feel it.
of the following is evidence that TT is widely practiced
A)TT has been in existence for decades.
B)Many patients were cured by therapeutic touch.
C)TT therapists are often employed by leading hospitals.
D)More than 100,000 people are undergoing TT treatment.
few TT practitioners responded to the 1 million offer because____.
A)they didn’t take the offer seriously
B)they didn’t want to risk their career
C)they were unwilling to reveal their secret
D)they thought it was not in line with their practice
purpose of Emily Rosa’s experiment was____.
A)to see why TT could work the way it did
B)to find out how TT cured patients’ illnesses
C)to test whether she could sense the human energy field
D)to test whether a human energy field really existed
did some TT practitioners agree to be the subjects of Emily’s experiment
A)It involved nothing more than mere guessing.
B)They thought it was going to be a lot of fun.
C)It was more straightforward than other experiments.
D)They sensed no harm in a little girl’s experiment.
can we learn from the passage
A)Some widely accepted belielfs can be deceiving.
B)Solid evidence weighs more than pure theories.
C)Little children can be as clever as trained TT practitioners.
D)The principle of TT is too profound to understand.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
What might driving on an automated highway be likeThe answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately distince types are on the drawing first is a special purpose lane system,in which certain lanes are reserved for automated second is a mixed traffic system:fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manually driven special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications toexisting highways,but it promises the greatest gains in freeway(高速公路)capacity.
Under either scheme,the driver would specify the desired destination,furnishing
this infomation to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps
just before reaching the automated a mixed traffic system was in place,automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped special purpose lanes were available,the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different method would use a special onramp(入口
引道).As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway,devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working it passed such tests,the driver would then be guided through
a gate and toward an automated this case,the transition from manual to
automated control would take place on the entrance alternative technique
could employ conventional lanes,which would be shared by automated and regular driver would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a
“transition” vehicle would then shift under comp uter control onto a
lane reserved for automated traffic.(The limitation of these lanes to automated
traffic would, presumably, be well respected,because all trespassers(非法进入者)
could be swiftly identified by authorities.)
Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already control here should allow for smooth merging,without the usual uncertainties and potential
for once a vehicle had settled into automated travel,the driver would be free to release the wheel,open the morning paper or just relax.
learn from the first paragraph that two systems of automated highways
____.
A)are being planned B)are being modified
C)are now in wide use D)are under construction
special purpose lane system is probably advantageous in that____.
A)it would require only minor changes to existing highways
B)it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiency
C)it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehicles
D)it offers more lanes for automated vehicles
of the following is true about driving on an automated highway
A)Vehicles traveling on it are assigned different lanes according to their destinations.
B)A car can join existing traffic any time in a mixed lane system.
C)The driver should inform his car computer of his destination before driving on
to it.
D)The driver should share the automated lane with those of regular vehicles.
know from the passage that a car can enter a special purpose lane____.
A)by smoothly merging with cars on the conventional lane
B)by way of a ramp with electronic control devices
C)through a specially guarded gate
D)after all trespassers are identified and removed
driving in an automated lane,the driver____.
A)should harmonize with newly entering cars
B)doesn’t have to rely on his computer system
C)should watch out for potential accidents
D)doesn’t have to hold out to the steering wheel
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent
the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability
to solve complex problems;to read,write and compute at certain levels,and to resolve abstract equations vision of intelligence asserts formal educaton and bookish excellence as the true measures of self encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges,who is very good at some form of s chool discipline is “intelligent.”Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered truer indicator of intelligence is an effective,happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day.
If you are happy,if you live each moment for everything it’s worth,then you are
an intelligent solving is a useful help to your happiness,but if
you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still
choose happiness for yourself,or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness,then
you are are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big —Nervous Break Down.
“Intelligent” people do not have because they are in charge of know how to choose happiness over depression,because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives.
You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying life struggles are pretty
much the same for each of who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar ,conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be ,money,growing old,sickness,deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virturally all human some people are able to make it,to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences,while others collapse or have an Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don’t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know;also,the most rare.
to the author,the conventional notion of intelligence measured
in terms of one’s ability to read,write and compute____.
A)is a widely held but wrong concept
B)will help eliminate intellectual prejudice
C)is the root of all mental distress
D)will contribute to one’s self fulfillment
is implied in the passage that holding a university degree____.
A)may result in one’s inability to solve complex real life problems
B)does not indicate one’s ability to write properly wor ded documents
C)may make one mentally sick and physically weak
D)does not mean that one is highly intelligent
auther thinks that an intelligent person knows____.
A)how to put up with some very prevalent myths
B)how to find the best way to achieve success in life
C)how to avoid depression and make his life worthwhile
D)how to persuade others to compromise
the last paragraph,the author tells us that____.
A)difficulties are but part of everyone’s life
B)depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in life
C)everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances
D)good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence
to the passage,what kind of people are rare
A)Those who don’t emphasize bookish excellence in their pursuit of happiness.
B)Those who are aware of diffculties in life but know how to avoid unhappiness.
C)Those who measure happiness by an absence of problems but seldom suffer from N .
D) Those who are able to secure happiness though having to struggle agains
t trying circumstances.
Passge 1 内容大意
根据一项对睡眠中的鸭子的新的调查发现，处于半休眠状态的鸟儿——大脑一边管警惕，另一边管睡眠。
早期的研究还证实许多鸟类都有这种半边大脑休眠功能。脑半球以缓慢的脑波为特点，轮换进入休眠期。由休眠的脑半球控制的眼睛紧闭时，由负责警惕的脑半球控制的眼睛睁开并保持警惕。所以大脑两半球休息时，鸟儿也一样能睡眠。
数十年对鸟群的观察使研究人员相信那些易受攻击的睡眠鸟群具有额外的警觉。有一
点是肯定的，在排尾的鸟，在远离同伴的地方细心观察。在鸭群中间的鸭子没有向四周张望的举动。在排尾打盹的鸟也采用单边脑半球休眠术，而不是完全放松警惕，其频繁之次数要比中间的鸟多得多。
通过实验，研究人员还发现，即使是由一个假想的伙伴相陪，鸟儿也会有安全感，那只由脑半球控制、朝向镜子的眼睛会闭上，而朝向外边的眼睛会睁开。
研究人员还对水生哺乳动物进行了观察，发现它们在休眠时为了不时地露出水面呼吸总是保
持半清醒状态。Siegel最后说他不知道对鸟的这种脑半球休眠功能的研究是否只是“冰山之
一角”，在其它物种是否也可能存在这种情况。11.答案C。
【参考译文】一项对鸟类睡眠的新的调查表明鸟儿能清醒地控制其半脑睡眠。
【试题分析】本题为主旨推理题，考查对短文的中心思想的理解能力。
【详细解答】根据全文的主旨及对鸟类睡眠的实验可知，鸟儿处于休眠状态时其大脑的一半
负责警惕，另一半负责睡眠，这样可控制大脑的任何一边保持清醒状态，因此C)birds can
control their half brain sleep consciously符合题意，为正确答案。A)half brain s
leep is found in a wide variety of birds(半脑休眠在各种鸟中被证实)。这种说法显然
不符合文章的主旨，因为得到证实的是大脑(两半球)控制睡眠的功能，而不仅仅是睡眠。所
以A)不对。B)half brain sleep is characterized by slow brain waves(半脑休眠是以
缓慢的脑电波为特征的)。这一说法和原文意思相悖，因为这种认为只是全文其中的一个细
节，而不是全体，故不能作为本题答案。D)birds seldom sleep with the whole of their b
rain at rest(整个大脑休息时鸟儿很少入睡)。这一说法和原文恰恰相反。短文第2段的最
后一句话明确表示：Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.(两
脑半球休息时鸟儿也能立刻入睡。)故D)也不能作为答案。
12.答案A。
【参考译文】根据短文意思，鸟儿经常处于半睡眠状态是因为它们必须警惕被袭击的可能。
【试题分析】本题为推理题，考查对某些段落的理解能力。
【详细解答】从短文第二段和第六段中可以判断出本题的答案为A)。The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut,while the wakeful hemisphere’s eye stays open and alert.(由睡眠脑半球控制的眼睛闭上，而由清醒脑半球控制的眼睛则睁开并警惕着)。那么，睁开的眼睛保持警惕，其目的是为了防备受到袭击。通过实验也证实了这一说法。The results provide the best evidence for a long standing supposition that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies(实验结果为长期以
来人们的推测认为单边脑球的睡眠进化是动物为了警惕敌人而进化而来的最好说明。)A)最
符合题意，为正确答案。B)它们的两脑半球轮流休息，显然不是主要思想内容，不能选用。C)它们的两脑半球在构造上不同。文中没有谈及鸟的大脑的结构。D)它们必须不断地警惕自己的伙伴，这一说法不合情理，它们所防范的是外来的进攻，而不是同类的威胁，故也是错的。
13.答案C
【参考译文】那个在镜子前面睡觉的鸟的例子说明即使是一个假想的同类也能给这只鸟以安全感。
【试题分析】本题为细节推理题，考查对词语的推断和理解能力。
【详细解答】A)鸟儿成对打盹现象比较普遍。这是一个混淆项，在短文第4段中，打盹的鸟是用一半而不是全部大脑睡觉。这里作者故意把“pair”和“hemisphere”相混淆。另外，鸟打盹时，不一定是成双成对的。所以A不对。B)为了安全起见鸟喜欢成双睡眠，此项和A项类同，不符合题意。C)即使是一个假想的伙伴也能给只鸟以安全感。从文中第六段最后一句话中可以推理出此项为正确答案。The mirror side eye closed as if the reflection w ere companion and the other eye stayed open.(朝镜子一边的那只眼睛合上了，镜中的
影子好象是自己的同伴，而另一只眼睛睁开着。)鸟睡觉时总是一半大脑睡眠，另一半大脑
保持警觉，以防袭击。那么朝镜子那边的眼睛闭上了，这就意味着，它可以放心入睡，因为有同伴在旁。进而可以推理出：这个同伴可以给它以安全感，它可以放心大胆的入睡。另一只眼睁着和这只睡觉的眼形成鲜明对照，即不可掉以轻心，必须保持警惕，以防袭击。D)一只宠物鸟喜欢看镜中的影子。这显然不符合题意，故不可入选。
14.答案B。
【参考译文】有些水生哺乳动物为了不时地露出水面呼吸，总是保持半醒状态。
【试题分析】本题为细节分析题，考查对某一段或某一句话的细节理解能力。
【详细解答】文章第七段的第二句话明确指出：Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.(保持一边大脑处于清醒状态或许能使睡觉的水生哺乳动物不时地露出水面以免溺死。)根据这个句意，
我们不难看出B项符合题意，为正确答案。这里的occasionally相当于now and then;surfac e相
当于emerge。A)对来袭敌人保持警惕。它们是为了呼吸以防淹死，而不是为防止来袭之敌。
故不符合题意。C)为了适应不断变化的环境，明显不符合题意。D)为了避免让激流冲走；从
逻辑上讲不通。
15.答案D。
【参考译文】“仅仅是冰山一角”(第八段第二行)，西格尔所指的是可能在其他物种中所
存在的一种现象。
【试题分析】本题为“语义题”，考查对成语或谚语的理解能力。
【详细解答】A)半边大脑休眠与寒冷的天气有关。这不符合文章的主旨，与寒冷的天气无关
。
无论对鸟的观察或是对水生哺乳动物的观察都没有这一说法。B)半边大脑休眠之迷已接近解决。这也和文章不符。因为鸟或动物为什么有这种功能，这个谜没人去探讨或研究，因此为
错
误答案。C)生活在寒冷地区的大多数鸟类往往是半休眠的鸟。这种说法离文章主旨更远，故
不可取。D)鸟的这种半休眠状况现象在其他物种也可能存在。“just the bi t of the iceb erg”的含义是“冰山之一角”，即众多中的很小的一部分，也就是说，这种现象不是仅有
的。如果进一步调查研究或许会发现更多这种情况。所以D)符合作者要表达的意思，为正确
答案。
Passge 2 内容大意
一个九岁在校小学生一手炒作起一场科学实验，经过广泛的临床治疗实践，最后以真相大白
而告终。女孩名字叫Emily Rosa,声称有therapeutic touch(触摸治疗术)，简称TT，治疗者能操纵病人的“能量场”来把他们的疾病治好。有的说能医治各种疾病，但是Emily的试验
表明这些能量场甚至连受过TT训练的医生也未能探测出来。显然其社会效益引起了公众的关注。一位名叫乔治伦德勃格杂志编辑出现在电视上，声称：“年龄并不重要，重要的是讲
科学，这就是好科学”。
Emily的母亲叫林达罗莎，是一位注册护士，一直为开展反TT运动几乎长达十年时间。罗
莎多次想到TT是在80年代末，当时她得知这项医术(TT)第一次在科罗拉多护理进修教育的目录上得到批准。参加受训的10万医生(美国有万人)甚至不需要接触病人，他们只是在离人身体几英寸远挥动一下手，把能量场推向四周，至到平衡为止。TT术的维护者说这种操作能使伤口愈合，镇痛、退烧。这种说法得到人们的充分认可，甚至许多中心医院，有时在做手术时，甚至不惜以每小时70美元的代价雇佣TT治疗者来平衡病人的能量。
然而罗莎找不到它有医疗效果的任何证据。为了提供这种证据，尽管James Randi悬尝100万美元做奖金，奖给任何能证明人类能量场存在的人，但TT行医者谁也不愿坐下来单独做他们一直不愿做的试验。(杰斯兰地收到过应试者，但她失败了。)持怀疑态度的人可能得出这样的结论：TT行医者害怕冒事业上的风险。但谁又能拒绝一个无辜的小学四年级小女孩呢Emily说道：“我想他们不把我放在眼里，因为我只是个孩子。”
试验很简单：21个TT行医者通过屏幕把手和手掌竖起。Emily把她的一只手罩在他们中的一
只左手或右手上面，然后行医者必须说这是哪只手。结果出来时，他们所说的还不如他们瞎猜管用。如果有能量场他们也不会感觉到。
16.答案C。
【参考译文】下面哪一条是TT被广为实践的证明
【试题分析】本题为细节说明题，考查对具体细节的理解与判辨的能力。
【详细解答】本题答案可以从文章第二段最后一句话的字行里直接找到。The claims are
taken seriously enough that TT therapists are frequently hired by leading hospitals,at up to $70 an hour,to smooth patients’ energy,sometimes during surgery.(
这些要求受到人们的普遍认可，许多中心医院甚至在做手术期间以每小时70美元的价格雇
用行医者来平衡病人的能量场。)故C项为正确答案。A项，TT治疗术已存在数十年。这种说法与事实不符，因为这种活疗术是由一个只有9岁的读小学的小姑娘一手炒作起来的，而且使这种广为流传的医治以真相大白而告终。故不是答案。B)许多患者都是由这种触摸医疗医治好的。这种说法也不符合事实，因为至今还没有见到一例病人是由这种疗法治好的，故不可取。D)
超过10万人都在接受TT治疗，而实际上是Its 100,000 trained practioners (48,000 in the .) don’t even touch their patients.(这10万受过训的过行医者万人在美国)连病人都不曾摸过。)这十万人是行医者而并非是患者，故为错误答案。
17.答案B。
【参考译文】几乎没有几个行医者对100万美元的奖赏有所反应，因为他们不想对他们的事
业进行冒险。
【试题分析】本题为“语义”分析题，考查对成语或习惯用法的理解能力。
【详细解答】在本文的第三段中有这样一句话：A skeptic might conclude that TT practioners are afraid to lay their beliefs on the line.(怀疑者可能得出如下结论：TT行医者害怕寄希望于这种行业上。)由此可知，行医者不想冒行业之险，故B项为正确答案。A)他们不曾认真地对待这笔奖金。事际上他们不想认真地对待一个小孩子的说法，而不是奖金，故A不对。C)他们不愿泄露秘密。行医者不是不愿泄露秘密，而是没有足够理由说明TT的存在。D)他们认为这不符合他们的行医要求，这种说法也不符合题意，也不能入选。
18.答案D。
【参考译文】伊美丽罗莎做试验的目的是为了证实人类能量场是否真的存在过。
【试题分析】本题为主旨题，考查对文章的主题思想的理解能力。
【详细解答】根据全文意思，TT被炒得沸沸扬扬，激起了许多行医者的兴趣，但这种医疗术
是否真的存在谁也说不清楚，只有通过实验才能找到答案，所以Emily Rosa进行了实验，其
目的正是为了证实这种说法是否存在，所以本文的主题就是为了验证这一说法，故D)为正确
答案。A)TT是否像以往那有效。到目前为止，不曾发现任何人具有这种功能。试验的目的是
为了证实这种功能是否真的存在，而不是TT能够像以往那样起作用。如果以往或现在有效，
也就没有必要再做试验了。故B)不符合题意。C)证实她是否能够感觉到人类能量场的存在。
这不是她进行实验的目的。故此项不对。
19.答案D。
【参考译文】为什么有些行医者同意作Emily Rosa的实验对象
【试题分析】本题为直接推理题，考查对文章主题的理解能力。
【详细解答】本题答案可从短文最后一段文字中推断出来。实验直接了当。21位接受实验的
人，没有人感觉到小姑娘的实验有任何伤害。这里包含两层意思，一是小姑娘的实验如果证
实真有其事，对于行医者来说不能不说是件好事。如果不存在，也不会对他们造成任何损害
，因此，他们同意作她的实验对象。A)实验除了猜测之外什么也没涉及到。这与事实不符，
因为参加实验的人，通过屏幕竖起手掌。她把手放在实验者的手上面，让他说出那只是左手
，那只是右手等。但他们说出的还不如猜测的准确。故A的说法不符合题意。B)他们认为这
样的实验会很有趣。C)这次试验比其它实验更直接了当。B)和C)都没有说出为什么同意接受
实验的理由，故均不能入选。
20.答案A。
【参考译文】我们从本文中可以学到些什么
【试题分析】本题为结论题，考查对全文的主题思想的总结和概括能力。
【详细解答】A)有些广为接受的想法具有欺骗性。这正是本文的主旨，也是作者得出的结论
，故为正确答案。B)有力的证据比纯理论更有说服力。证据尚未找到，更谈不上有说服力
，所以这一结论是错误的，故不符合题意。C)小孩子可能比受过训的TT行医者更聪明，这并
不是本文的主旨，而且这种比较不恰当。故此项不对。D)TT的原理太深奥无法理解。这种说法离题意更远了，显然不被人接受。
Passage 3 内容大意
在自动驾驶的高速公路上开车会是什么样子呢答案是：要看最终所采用的是什么系统。
在图板上有两种醒目的类型。第一类是特殊用途车道系统，在这个系统里是为自动驾驶的车
辆设计的。第二类是一种混合通行系统：全自动驾驶车辆和半自动或人工驾驶的车辆共
用道路。而特殊用途的车道则需要对目前的公路进行更大规模的改造，但它能够给高速公路的运营带来最大的收益。
无论那一种方案，只要司机在出发前或快到自动驾驶公路前将这一信息输入计算机就会
到达所指定的目的地。如果混合通行系统位置适当，司机就可以随时在自动驾驶设备完善的
路段上行驶。如果有特殊用途车道，车子就可以用两种不同的方法开入车道运行。一种方法
是使用特殊入口引道。当司机接近公路入口处时，安装在路旁的装置会对车辆进行电子检查
，确定其目的地，验证该车是否装有运作良好的自动装置。如果该车通过了检验，司机就
会被引导到一个大门，通过大门开到自动车道上去。在这种情况下，在进入斜坡入口处时需
要有一个由人工驾驶到自动驾驶的过渡期。另外一种可变通的技术是使用普通车道，自动驾驶车辆和普通车辆均可使用。司机把车开到公路上，以正常的方式进入“过渡”车道。车子就会在计算机的控制下转到为其准备的自动车道。(由普通车道进入自动车道受到严格限制，因为非法进入者会很快被管理当局识别出来。)
21.答案A。
【参考译文】从第一段中我们了解到有两条自动化的公路系统正在计划之中。
【试题分析】本题为事实细节题，答案可直接在第一段中找到。
【详细解答】本文第一段第二句话非常明显地告诉读者：The distinct types are on the
drawing board.(制图板上有醒目的类型。)The first is a special purpose lane system,in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles.第一类是具有特殊目
的轨道系统，在这个系统中有些轨道是为自动驾驶车辆保存下来的。第二类是一种混合的
交通系统：全自动和半自动驾驶时共同使用的公路。由此可见，A)表示正在筹划之中，符合题意。B)正在加以改造。原文中表示的是：A special purpose lane system would re
quire more physical modifications to existing highways.(一种具有特殊目的轨道将需
要对现有公路进行更为广泛的有形改造)。根据这句话的意思可知，“需要改造”而不是
“
正在改造”，故此项不符合题意。C)现正在广泛使用。这更加明显，不符合题意。D)正在建
设之中。D和B、C两项一样，在时间上和题义不符。be under construction相当于被动结构的正在进行时(=being constructed)。22.答案B。
【参考译文】一种特殊用途的轨道系统的优越性可能是因为它会使公路交通取得最大效益。
【试题分析】本题为细节推理题，考查对细节的判断与推理能力。
【详细解答】在第一段最后一句中可以推理出答案：…but it promises the greatest gains
in freeway capacity(这个系统有可能会给高速公路的运营带来最大效益)。promise有…
…的可能，意思是a statement or declaration that will or will not be done,given,ete
.在语义上和probably接近。gain在语义上和efficienly接近。因此，从这个句子的含义中可判断B)是正确答案。A)对现有的公路只要稍做改造即可。这和原文的说法相差甚远，因
为对现有公路要做更大规模的有形改造more extensive physical modifications，而不是
“小打小闹”(minor changes)。故B)为错误答案。C)该系统有一个用作自动和半自动化车
辆的单轨。D)该系统为自动化车辆提供更多的轨道。C和D两项很明显都不符合第一段内容的意思。故不能选用。
23.答案C。
【参考译文】在自动化公路上驾驶时，下面哪一种说法是对的
【试题分析】本题为细节推理题，考查对细节部分的判断与推理。
【详细解答】本题答案可在第二段开头一句中找到：Under either scheme,the driver would specify the desired destination,furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning
of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway.(不论按照那一计划，只要司机在出发前或在就要到达公路时将信息输入汽车上的计算机就会到达其所指定的目的地。)根据这段文字，C)的说法(司机应在上路之前告诉车上计算机他所去的目的地)相勿合，故为正确答案。A)把上路的车辆按其所去的目的地被分配到不同的车道上。这种说法不合题意。B)在混合系统里汽车可在任何时候进入车道运行。车子只能在特殊用途的车道上进入，在混合系统里是不行的，故为错误选项。D)特殊车道上的司机和普通车道的司机一样可以使用自动化车道。这种说法的错误在于：一般车辆的司机是不能使用自动车道的，故为错误答案。
24.答案B。
【参考译文】从文章中可以得知车子可在配有电子控制设备的斜坡上进入特殊用途车道。
【试题分析】这是一个结论性的问题，考查对某段或全文总结归纳的能力。
【详细解答】从全文内容要求看，特殊用途车道的设计主要是为了让司机通过计算机输入所到的目的地的信息，到达理想的目的地，而进入特轨道，有两个不同的途径，其中一个是由入口引道进入，当司机进入公路入口处时，安装在路旁的电子装置检查车辆，确定其目的地，
并验证车辆必需备有运作状况良好的自动装置。由此可以判断B)(由电子设备的斜坡进入)为
正确答案。A)同普通车道上的车辆协调一致。普遍车道上的车子是不能驶入特殊车道上的，
只能在普通轨上运行，为错误答案。C)由特别守卫的大门进入。原文是指通过考核之后司机
才被引入大门，然后再到自动车道。故不符合题意。D)待非法进入者被证实并退出之后再进
入。非法进入者在没进入之前立刻就被管理人员发现，是不可能已进入到特殊车道上去的。
25.答案A。
【参考译文】在自动车道上驾驶时，司机应和新进入车道的车辆协调一致。
【试题分析】本题为细节分析题，根据细节进行分析和推理。
【详细解答】本文最后一段第一句比较明确给出了答案：Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles
with those already travelling.(不论新上道的或正在道上运行的车辆都应在进入自动车
道时协调一致。)根据这句话的意思，我们可知A是本题的正确答案。B)不必再依靠计算机系
统(操作)。这一项是一个逻辑推理项。进入自动车道后，车子就进入自动操作状态，那么如
果没有计算系统操作，车子就无法运行。所以B项的说法不合逻辑，也不符合题意。故为错
项。C)应该注意潜在的事故。根据最后一段的意思，当车子通过自动控制达到顺利合并后，
就不存在平常出现的那种不确定和潜在的事故了(...without the usual uncertainty and
potential for accidents.)故C项和题意不符，不能入选。D)不必伸手操纵方向盘。这种
说法也不符合题意，因为第三段最后一句话是这样说的：“...the driver would be free to release the wheel,open the morning paper or just relax”(……司机可以随便撤手方向
盘，打开晨报阅读或放松一下。)司机之所以可以撤手，并不意味意着可以完全不管方向盘。“不必伸手操纵方向盘”，这在逻辑上讲不通；如果不伸手，又怎能放手呢故D)为错误答案。
Passage 4 内容大意
作者列举了人们对聪明的普遍看法，认为一个会读、会写、会算的人才是聪明的人，持这种
对聪明看法的人声称这种人上学读书时，作业做得好，学习成绩骄人。但这种情况可能会助
长智力上的偏见，带来一些令人沮丧的问题。人们最终认为，有些人受到良好教育，获得不
少优异成绩证书和证章，善于遵守学校纪律，这样的人才是“聪明”人。然而精神病医院
里挤满了怀揣各种印刷精美文凭的精神病人，而真正聪明的人是那种每天或每天的每时每刻都过着有效而又幸福生活的人。
如果你是幸福的，每时每刻都过得有滋有味，那么你就是个聪明的人。问题的解决有
助于幸福。如果你解决不了你所关心的问题，你仍然能选择幸福，至少可以拒绝选择不幸福，
那么你仍然是个聪明人。你之所以聪明是因为你最终有了防范精神分裂症的武器。
“聪明”人不会患精神分裂症，因为他们会自己照顾自己。他们知道如何选择幸福，战胜沮
丧，因为他们知道如何处理生活中的问题。
在困境面前看你如何感受的基础上，你才可能开始想到你真的明智了。我们每个人的奋斗
极为相似。有不同意见，有矛盾和冲突。每个生活在一定社会范围里的人和其他人都有牵连
，人都有相同的困难。妥协是做人的一个组成部分。同样，金钱、生、老、病、死，自然灾
害，意外事故等都是大事，实际上这些大事给所有人造成了问题。但是有些人能够应对，避
开一成不变的沮丧和不幸；而其他人倒下了，或得上了精神分裂症。那些承认问题作为人的
一个前提，而且不以问题多少来衡量幸福的人才是我们所说的聪明之人；不过这种人实在太
少了。
26.答案A。
【参考译文】按照作者的说法，那种根据人的读、写、算能力来衡量聪明的常规概念得到普
遍认可但又是错误的概念。
【试题分析】本题为结论分析题，考核对作者观点、意图的理解能力。
【详细解答】A)得到普遍承认，但又是错误的概念。在短文第一段的前部作者列举了人们
对聪明的普通看法是认为一个人会读、会写、会算就是聪明。这种人上学读书时作业完成得
好
，成绩骄人，但这种情况会助长智力上的偏见，带来一些令人沮丧的结果。作者话题一转，
用反衬的手法道出了这种普遍认可的观念是错误的：Yet mental hospitals are filled wi
th patients who have all of the properly lettered truer indicator
of intelligence is an effective,happy life lived each day and each present mome
nt of every day.(然而精神病医院里住满了怀揣各种印刷精美文凭的精神病人
。真正聪明的人是那种每天和每天的每时每刻都过着有效幸福生活的人。)由此可以推断出作者的观点是人们那种常见的理念，是错误的。故A)为正确答案。
27.答案D。
【参考译文】文章的含义是握有大学文凭的人并不意味着他是高智力的。
【试题分析】本题为结论推理题，考核对上下文的相关信息理解和推断的能力。
【详细解答】根据文中第二段的意思：如果一个人要想幸福，就要提高生活质量。如果能把
每时每刻都能过得有滋有味，那么你就是一个聪明之人，解决问题能够帮助你找到幸福。“你
要知道，如果你不能解决某一项你所关心的事情，你仍然能找到幸福，或者最起码，你
可以拒绝选择不幸福，那么你仍然是明智的。”(...but if you know that your inabilit
y to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself,or
at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness,then you are are inte
lligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big ——Nervous B
reak Down.)这段文字的含义是：如果没有防犯精神分裂症的有效武器，住进了精神病医院
，你就谈不上是明智的。根据全文含义，D)是作者所含的主要意思，所以为正确答案。如果选A)那就成了“可能会出现不能解决实际生活的复杂问题的情况”。按照作者的意思：“如果你不能解决某项你所关心的事情，你仍然能为你选择幸福。”这两句话的含义是完全不同的。所以A)不是文章的主旨和作者的观点，故为错误答案。如果选B)，“并不表示一个人能写出措词严谨的文件。”这也不是文章的主旨，很明显是错项。C)可能使某人得精神病和体力虚弱。握有大学文凭和得精神病和体力减弱没有任何直接关系，而是看你会不会生活。所以C)的说法也是错误的。
28.答案C。
【参考译文】作者认为聪明的人知道如何避免沮丧提高生活质量。
【试题分析】本题为结论分析题，考查对某段文字的概括和总结的能力。
【详细解答】从短文第三段文字中可以推断出本题的答案。“Intelligent” people do not have they are in charge of know how to choose
happiness over depression,because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives.(“聪明的”人不会得精神分裂症，因为他们会照顾自己。他们知道如何克服
沮丧，选择幸福，因为他们知道如何处理生活问题。) 所以C)为正确答案。A)如何忍受某些
普遍荒诞的说法。这种说法既不符合全文主旨，也不是作教员的主张和观点，所以为错误答
案。B)如何在一生中找到取得成功的最佳途径，不符合题意。D)如何劝说他人妥协。这就更
不是文章的主旨了。
29.答案A。
【参考译文】作者在文章最后一段里，告诉我们困难只不过是人生的一个部分。
【试题分析】本题为结论题，考查对段落中心意思的总结和概括的能力。
【详细解答】要想找到本题答案，必须了解本文最后一段文字的主要内容和作者的主要观点
。作者指出人们一生中会遇到生、老、病、死、天灾人祸，不同意见，矛盾和冲突等，沮丧
和困难是不可避免。但是“Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don’t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of h
umans we know;also the most rare.”(那些承认问题作为人的一个前提而且不以没有问题
来衡量幸福的人才是我们所说的最聪明的人，不过这种人实在太少。)由此可知此选项反应
了作者的观点和看法，为正确答案。B)depression and unhappiness are unavoidabl(一生
中沮丧和不幸不可避免)。根据文中意思depression and unhappiness并不是不可避免的，
所以不符合题意。C)everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances(每个人都
应该学会避免困境)。原文意思是“You can begin to think of yours elf as truely int
elligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstan
ces.”(在面临困难时看你如何感受了，在此基础上你才开始认为自己真正聪明了。)不
是学会如何避免困难，而是学会在困境中如何感受。所以C)不符合题意。D)好的感受最终能
够在学术上有所建树。这不是此段的结论，更不是作者的观点。
30.答案B。
【参考译文】根据短文意思，什么样的人少有
【试题分析】本题为主旨题，考查对全文中心思想的理解能力。
【详细解答】根据全文主旨和作者在文章最后一句所作的结论：Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don’t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know;also,the most rare(译文见29.)，可以看出B)那些知道一生的困难并知道如何避开不幸的人(才是少之又少的人)是正确答案。A)那些追求幸福不强调学习成绩是否优秀的人。这种人并不少见，有悖于作者的观点，故不能选用。C)那些以缺乏问题来衡量是否幸福，受精神分裂症折磨的人。这一说法和作者下的结论是相反的：Those...and don’t measure happiness by an absence of problems...(并不以没有问题来衡量是否幸福)，故不能选择此项。D)那些虽然不得不在困境中抗争，但仍能获得幸福的人。这种人比较常见，并不少有，所以此项也不能作为答案。
初中小说阅读题及参考答案 他很会拉琴。村子里的人都称他叫琴王。 他的琴声太动听了。 琴弦拉动，一串串嘹亮的音符就接踵而出。A他的琴声里,有清晨撩人心扉的第一声鸡鸣犬吠，有山间清澈见底的潺潺流水，有阳春三月的花开遍地和莺歌燕舞,还有万里碧空的蓝天白云和艳阳高照。听他的琴，让人变得澄清。 很少有人见过他，但都听过他的琴声。他会在每个傍晚准时拉动他的琴弦。 当夕阳对着山村撒下最后一丝余辉，劳作了一天的人们扛着满身的疲倦回到家的时候，他的琴声会在村子的东头悠扬地响起。 琴弦一动，人们马上就陶醉在他的琴声里。白日里所有的疲惫，所有的烦恼和不快，都在他的琴声里渐渐消融，远去。最后人们带着微笑幸福地睡去，直到第二天精神抖擞地开始新的劳作。 因为他的琴声，村子里的人们感到幸福和充实。
这个傍晚天空被无数道闪电残忍地划破。B汹涌澎湃的洪水如彪悍的巨蟒将村子死死缠住。老人、小孩，所有人都被逼到村里的一个土包上。洪水一次又一次拍打着人们的脚脖子，像死神跃跃欲试的手。 村子在自己的眼前渐渐变小，几块瓦片和木板在水里打旋。有人大声地哭泣，有人唾骂，有人惊叫，有人焦躁地踏着脚步，还有人绝望地准备跳水。天渐渐黑下来。完了，似乎一切都完了。 这时，村子的东头，依旧响起了他悠扬的琴声。C那琴声里，有清晨撩人心扉的第一声鸡鸣犬吠，有山间清澈见底的潺潺流水，有阳春三月的花开遍地和莺歌燕舞,还有万里碧空的蓝天白云和艳阳高照。那琴声像在述说，像在安慰，让人陶醉，让人忘我。 人们开始安静下来，认真地听着。渐渐没有人说话,最后连咳嗽的声音都没有。 人们再一次醉了。在他的琴声面前,所有的行为都显得粗俗和浮躁。谁都不敢妄动，生怕打破这份美好。只有安静,才能维持这份隽永。在人们心里,渐渐装进一湖平静的水。
英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Every day I see advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses claiming that it is easy and quick to learn English. There is even a reference to William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens to encourage learners even more. When I see advertisements like this, I don't know whether to laugh or cry. But many people must believe these ridiculous claims, or else the advertisements would not appear. Of course it is clear that students who go to England to learn English have a great advantage over others, but too many cannot afford to do so. Some go to the opposite extreme and think they can teach themselves at home with dictionaries. But it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language, let alone produces good pronunciation and intonation. Most teaching is still based on behaviorist psychology. Behaviorists are fond of making students repeat phrases and making sentences. If we were parrots or chimpanzees, these methods might be successful. A large number of theorists seem to think it is a pity we aren't, because it would make it easier to use their methods. In my personal opinion, no one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he is interested in it. Human beings, unlike parrots and chimpanzees, do not like making noises unless they understand what the noises mean and can relate them to their own lives. It is worth remembering that language is a means of communication. What they listen to and read cannot be a formula. It must be real. There is another relevant point worth mentioning here. We need other people to talk to and listen to when we communicate. They can work with us and practice the unfamiliar forms with us in real situations, talking to each other about real life language. （1）Many people believe advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses probably because . A. they are encouraged by William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens B. they are eager to learn and then believe them C. the ways advertised can help them to save time and efforts D. the ways advertised prove effective and helpful （2）What may behaviorists argue towards English learning? A. Human beings make more interesting noises than parrots and chimpanzees. B. Human beings should relate their speech to their own lives. C. Language is a formula with lots of repetitions and practices. D. Language is a means of communication. （3）What opinion does the author hold? A. A quick method that suits all the students does exist. B. English can be mastered within a very short period of time. C. Each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language. D. No one can learn English well without being interested in it.
中考语文阅读专题训练 （一）夜深了，花睡了 三毛 我爱一切的花朵。在任何一个千红万紫的花摊上，各色花朵的壮阔交杂，成了都市中最美的点缀。 其实我并不爱花圃，爱的是旷野上随着季节变化而生长的野花和那微风吹过大地时的感动。 生活在都市里的人，迫不得已在花市中捧些花回家。对于离开泥土的鲜花，我总有一种疼惜又抱歉的心理，可还是要买的。这种对花的抱歉和喜悦，总也不能过分去分析。 在所有的花朵中，如果要说“最爱”，我选择一切白色的花，尤其是长梗的百合。 许多年前，我尚在大西洋的小岛上过日子，那时，经济拮据，丈夫失业快一年了。我在家中种菜，屋子里插的是一人高的枯枝和芒草，那种东西，艺术品位高，并不差的。我不买花。 有一日，丈夫和我打开邮箱，又是一封求职被拒的回信。那一阵，其实并没有山穷水尽，粗茶淡饭的日子过得没有悲伤，可是一切维持生命之外的物质享受，已不敢奢求。那是一种恐惧，眼看存款一日日减少，心里怕得失去了安全感。这种情况只有经历过失业的人才能明白。 我们眼看求职再一次受挫，没有说什么，去了大菜场，买了些最便宜的冷冻排骨和矿泉水，就出来了。不知怎么一疏忽，丈夫不见了，我站在大街上等，心事重重的。一会儿，丈夫回来了，手里捧着一小束百合，兴冲冲地递给我，说：“百合上市了。” 那一瞬间，我突然失了理智，向丈夫大叫起来：“什么时候了？什么经济能力？你有没有分寸，还去买花？！”说着我把那束花“啪”一下丢到地上，转身就跑。在举步的那一刹间，其实我已经后悔了。我回头，看见丈夫呆了一两秒钟，然后弯下身，把那些撒在地上的花，慢慢拾了起来。 我向他奔过去，喊着：“荷西，对不起。”我扑上去抱他，他用手围着我的背，紧了一紧，我们对视，发觉丈夫的眼眶红了。
Passage 1 CBBCC If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are. Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to, and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety. The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter. With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge. The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate. From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly. With so many loopholes(漏洞) in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”. But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”. In a society of such high moral practice, what need is there for people to be on guard against others? 1. While taking a taxi in Finland, _____ A. a passenger can go anywhere without having to pay the driver B. a passenger pays two US dollars for a taxi ride C. a passenger can never be turned down by the taxi driver wherever he wants to go D. a passenger needs to provide good faith demonstration before they leave without paying 2. We know from the passage that big hotels in Finland_____ A. provide meal for only those who live in the hotels B. provide meals for any diners C. provide free wine and charge for food D. are mostly poorly managed 3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The workers in Finland are paid by the hour. B. The bosses in Finland are too busy to check the working hours of their employees. C. The workers are always honest with their working hours. D. The workers and their bosses will make an agreement in advance about the pay. 4. The word “those” in the last paragraph probably refers to _____ A. people who often take taxis B. people who often have meals in big hotels C. people who are dishonest D. people who are worthy of trust
初中语文小说阅读专题训练试题(有答案和解析)含解析 一、中考语文小说阅读专题训练 1．阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。 霞光灿烂的早晨 陈忠实 不管夜里睡得多么迟，饲养员恒老八准定在五点钟醒来。屋里静极了，耳边没有了骡马踢踏的骚动声音，也没有牛倒嚼时磨牙的声音。 恒老八坐起来的时候，猛乍想起，昨日后晌，队里已经把牲畜包养到户了。他昨晚睡在这里，是队长派他看守一时来不及挪走的农具草料。窗外很黑，隐隐传来一声鸡啼。他又钻进被窝，却怎么也不能再次入睡…… 编上了号码的纸块儿，盖着队长的私人印章，揉成一团，掺杂在许多空白纸块揉成的纸团当中，一同放到碗里，摇啊搅啊。队长端着碗，走到每一个农户的户主面前，由他们随意拣出一只来……队里给牲畜核了价，价钱比牲畜交易市场的行情低得多了，而且是三年还清。这样的美事，谁不想抓到手一匹马或一头牛哩！八老汉早在心里祈愿，要是能抓到那头母牛就好了。可惜，这牛到了杨三家里，明年准定生出一头小牛犊，人家的小院里，该是怎样一种生气勃勃的气派……他嫉妒起杨三来了。 杨恒老汉为公社整整喂了十九年牲畜了。十九年来，他睡在塬坡上的这间饲养棚里。无数个日日夜夜，牛马嚼草的声音，像音乐一样和谐悦耳。牛马的粪便和草料混合的气味，灌进鼻孔，渗透进衣裤的布眼儿……可惜！没有抓到一头！这样的生活今天完结啰！从明天开始，他就要在自个的责任田里劳作了。 木格窗户透出一缕缕微微的亮光。山野里传来一声声沉重的吭哧声，伴和着车轮的吱吱响。一听见别人干活，恒老八躺不住了，他拉开门栓，一股初冬的寒风迎面扑来，让他打个寒颤。从村庄通到塬坡上来的小路上，有人躬着腰，推着独轮小车，前头有婆娘肩头挂着绳拽着。那是杨云山嘛！狗东西，杨庄第一号懒民，混工分专家，刚一包产到户，天不明就推粪上坡了。勤人倒不显眼，懒民比一般庄稼人还积极了。他想笑骂那小子几句，想想又没有开口。既然懒民都赶紧给责任田施冬肥，恒老八这样的正经庄稼人还停得住么？回，赶紧回去。 恒老八下了坡，刚到村口，老伴迎面走来；“人家都给麦地上粪哩，你倒好，睡到这时光！” “八叔━—”玉琴跑着喊着，挡在当面，“我那头黄牛，不吃草咧，你去给看看——” 不等老八开口，八婶转过身来：“各家种各家的地，过各家的日月了。他给你家去看牛病，谁给他记工分？” “你这人——”老八瞪起眼，盯着老伴。这样的话，居然能说得出口来，还说她贤明哩！“嗨呀！我说笑话嘛！”八婶勉强笑笑，算是圆了场，转身走了。 牛只是夜里受了凉，没什么大碍。八老汉给牛扎了针，又叮嘱了几句。婆媳二人要留他吃饭，挽留不住，说着感恩戴德的话，送到门口。他在饲养室里多少次治好牛马的小伤小病，也就是那么回事了。如今却受到这样的款待，真是叫八老汉感慨系之。 老远就看见公社郑书记站在自家门口的粪堆前，帮老伴敲碎冻结的粪疙瘩，还笑着说着什么。郑书记一大早到村里来，有啥事呢？
（英语）英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析 一、阅读理解 1．根据短文内容选择正确答案。 D If you could see a movie of your life before you lived it, would you want to live it? Probably not. The excitement of living is that you don’t know what’s coming. Sure, it’s hard to see uncertainty in such positive（积极的）light when you’re out of work, or when you feel like you’re failing. But uncertainty is really another word for chance. When Allison graduated from Harvard, she had chan ces all over the place but had no idea what she wanted to do. She took a job in consulting（咨询）, but she knew she wouldn’t stay there. She took the GRE and scored so high that she was able to increase her income（收入）by teaching students. Still, she didn’t think she wanted to go to graduate school. Allison knew she w asn’t doing what she wanted, but she didn’t know what she wanted. She worried. All her friends were going to graduate school or starting their own businesses. She was lost and felt that she would never find anything out. After six years, Allison, by having a general（全面的）plan in mind, got married, moved to the Midwest, and used her consulting experience to get a great job. Allison realized that she spent her years finding her way: time well spent, and time we must all take if we’re being honest with ours elves. The only way to lead an interesting life is to face uncertainty and make a choice. Otherwise your life is not your own—it is a path someone else has chosen. Moments of uncertainty are when you create your life, when you become who you are. Uncertainty usually begins with a job hunt, but it doesn’t end there. Every new role we take on means another round of uncertainty. Instead of fearing it, you should find some ways to deal with uncertainty. （1）From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that . A. being out of work is a sad thing B. uncertainty is what makes life interesting C. life in a film is more exciting than real life. D. chance never appears when we need it （2）What troubles Allison after graduation? A. She couldn’t find a well-paid job. B. She had no money to start a business. C. She was not sure what to do. D. She didn’t score high enough for graduate school. （3）How did Allison feel about her six years’ working experience? A. Uncertain. B. Amazed . C. Sorry. D. Satisfied. （4）What may be discussed in the following paragraph?
中考语文散文阅读专题专题训练及答案 一、中考语文散文阅读专题练习 1．阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。 废园外 巴金 ①晚饭后出去散步，走着走着我又走到这里来了。 ②从墙的缺口望见园内的景物，还是一大片欣欣向荣的绿叶。在一个角落里，一簇深红色的花盛开，旁边是一座毁了的楼房的空架子。屋瓦全震落了，但是楼前一排绿栏杆还摇摇晃晃地悬在架子上。 ③我看看花，花开得正好，大的花瓣，长的绿叶。这些花原先一定是种在窗前的，我想，一个星期前，有人从精致的屋子里推开小窗眺望园景，赞美的眼光便会落在这一簇花上。也许还有人整天倚窗望着园中的花树，把年轻人的渴望从眼里倾注在红花绿叶上面。 ④但是现在窗没有了，楼房快要倾塌了。只有园子里还盖满绿色，花还在盛开。倘使花能够讲话，它们会告诉我，它们所看见的窗内的面颜，年轻的面颜，可是，如今永远消失了。花要告诉我的不止这个，它们一定要说出8月14曰的惨剧。精致的楼房就是在那天毁了的，不到一刻钟的工夫，一座花园便成了废墟了。 ⑤我望着园子，绿色使我的眼睛舒畅。废墟么?不，园子已经从敌人的炸弹下复活了。在那些带着旺盛生命的绿叶红花上，我看不出一点被人践踏的痕迹。但是耳边忽然响起一个女人的声音：“陈家三小姐，刚才挖出来。”我回头看，没有人。这句话就是在惨剧发生后的第二天听到的。 ⑥那天中午我也走过这个园子，不过不是在这里，是在另一面，就是在楼房的后边。在那个中了弹的防空洞旁边，在地上或者在土坡上，我记不起了，躺着三具尸首，是用草席盖着的。中间一张草席下面露出一只瘦小的腿，腿上全是泥土，随便一看，谁也不会想到这是人腿。人们还在那里挖掘。远远地在一个新堆成的土坡上，也是从炸塌了的围墙缺口看进去，七八个人带着悲戚的面容，对着那具尸体发愣。这些人一定是和死者相识的罢。那个中午妇人指着露腿的死尸说：“陈家三小姐，刚才挖出来。”以后从另一个人的口里我知道了这个防空洞的悲惨故事。 ⑦一只带泥的腿，一个少女的生命。我不认识这位小姐，我甚至没有见过她的面颜。但是望着一园花树，想到关闭在这个园子里的寂寞的青春，我觉得心里被什么东西搔着似的痛起来。连这个安静的地方，连这个渺小的生命，也不为那些太阳旗的空中武士所容。两三颗炸弹带走了年轻人的渴望。炸弹毁坏了一切，甚至这个寂寞的生存中的微弱的希望。这样地逃出囚笼，这个少女是永远见不到园外的广大世界了。 ⑧花随着风摇头，好像在叹息。它们看不见那个熟悉的窗前的面庞，一定感到寂寞而悲戚罢。 ⑨但是一座楼隔在它们和防空洞的中间，使它们看不见一个少女被窒息的惨剧，使它们看不见带泥的腿。这我却是看见了的。关于这我将怎样向人们诉说呢? ⑩夜色降下来，园子渐渐地隐没在黑暗里。我的眼前只有一片黑暗。但是花摇头的姿态还是看得见的。周围没有别的人，寂寞的感觉突然侵袭到我的身上来。为什么这样静?为什么不出现一个人来听我愤慨地讲述那个少女的故事?难道我是在梦里?
这就是一个发生在西藏(zàng cáng)的故事。过去,藏北有一个老猎人,没有人知道她的名字,随身携带的一顶小帐篷就就是她的家。 有一天早晨,她从帐篷里出来,突然瞧见对面不远处的草地上站立着一只肥肥壮壮的藏羚羊。她赶紧转(zhuǎn zhuàn)身拿来猎枪,瞄准了那只藏羚羊。奇怪的就是,那只藏羚羊好像知道自己逃不掉了,没有逃走,只就是用(乞求请求)的眼神望着她,然后向前走了几步,两条前腿扑通一声跪了下来。与此同时,两行泪水从它的眼里流了出来。 老猎人的心头一软,扳着扳机的手不由得松了一下,她明白藏羚羊下跪就是在向她请求饶命。但就是,打猎的生活早已使她的心变得冷冰冰的。她双眼一闭,扣动了扳机。随着枪声,那只藏羚羊栽倒在地,它倒下去的时候,仍然保持着跪拜的姿势,两行泪痕也清晰可见。 那天,老猎人并没有像往常一样当即把猎物开膛、扒皮,她的眼前老就是(浮现呈现)着那只藏羚羊临死的样子。这就是她几十年狩猎生涯中印象最深的瞬间。夜里,她久久难以入睡,双手也好像一直在颤抖…… 第二天,老猎人怀着忐忑不安的心情剖开了那只藏羚羊的腹腔。突然,她吃惊得叫出了声,手中的刀子咣当一声掉在了地上——在藏羚羊的肚子里,静静地卧着一只已经成型的小藏羚羊！原来,藏羚羊跪拜就是为了求猎人留下自己孩子的一条命啊！老猎人的心颤抖了,她对自己的行为懊悔不已。后来,老猎人在藏北草原消失了,没有人知道她
的下落。 1、请给本文加上一个标题,写在文前的“ ____________ ”上。 2、在文中括号里选择合适的词语与音节,打“√”。 3、“形容心神不定”可用文中________________一词来概括。 4、这篇文章主要内容--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5、“夜里,她久久难以入睡,双手也好像一直在颤抖……第二天,老猎人怀着忐忑不安的心情剖开了那只藏羚羊的腹腔。”这就是对老人的 想:________________________________________________。 6 、藏羚羊向老人下跪,就是因为:________________________________________ 7、“老猎人在藏北草原消失了”对这句话您就是怎样理解的,请把您的想法写下来。我的理解就是:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8、读了短文后,写出您的感受:__________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __
中考语文小说阅读专题训练题20套(带答案) 一、中考语文小说阅读专题训练 1．阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。 一颗未出膛的枪弹 丁玲 “娃娃，甭怕，咱是一个孤老太婆，还能害你？”老太婆亲热地望着面前张皇失措的孩子，“你是……嗯，咱知道。”这孩子大约十三岁大小，迟疑地望着老太婆。远处一望无际的原野，没有一个人影，连树影也找不到一点。 “还是跟咱回去吧、天黑了，你往哪儿走，万一落到别人手上……” 窑里黑魆魆的，他不敢动，听着她摸了进去。“不要怕，姓娃！”她把灯点着了。里面的火光舔在他们脸上，锅里有热气喷出来。陕北的冬天，孤冷的月亮那黯淡的光辉涂抹着无际的荒原，流落的孩子却拥抱着甜美的梦：他又回到队伍，继续当他的马夫，继续同司号兵玩着…… 孩子跟在老太婆后边去割草。蒙着尘土的沙路上，寻不到杂乱的马蹄和人脚的迹印。他热切地望着远方，他们—大部队到底走得离他多远了呢？他懊恼着自己。那天正在野外放马，突然飞机来了，他藏在一个小洞里，听着外面连绵不断的爆炸声。洞口塌了。等他好不容易爬了出来，就只剩他一人了。他大声地叫喊，凭着感觉一路狂奔，却没遇到一个认识的人……后来才遇着老太婆。 有人送来包谷做的馍，还有人送来羊毛淋子。有着红五星的帽子仍揣在怀里，他不敢拿出来。大家都高兴地盘问着：“你这么一个娃娃，也当红军，你娘你老子知道么？” 天真的、热情的笑浮上了孩子的脸。他暂时忘去忧愁，重复着在小组会学来的话：“红军是革命的军队，是为大多数工人农民谋利益的，要团结一切不愿做亡国奴的人去打日本……” 有一夜，跟着狂乱的狗吠，院子里响起了庞杂的声音，马嘶声、脚步声和喊声一齐涌了进来。烧着火的孩子，心在剧烈地跳：“难道自己人来了么？” “砰！”窑门被枪托撞开了。冲进来的人一边骂，一边走到灶边，“哼，锅里预备着老子的晚饭吧。” 孩子悄悄看了一眼，他认得那帽子的样子，那帽徽是不同的。他的心一下紧缩起来。 有人眼光扫到老太婆脸上。她瑟缩地坐在地下，掩护她身后的孩子。“这老死鬼干嘛老挨在那儿，藏着什么！”老婆子一动，露出了躲在那里的孩子。孩子被抓到跟前。一个兵打了他一耳光。 “老子有枪先崩了你！”孩子大声嚷叫，因为愤怒，倒一点也不惧怕了，眼睛里燃烧着火焰。 “什么地方来的！”拳头又落在他身上，“听口音，他不是这里人！”孩子一声不响，只是咬紧牙。门突然开了，门口直立着一个人，屋子里顿时安静下来。 “报告连长，有一个小奸细！” 连长走了进来，审视着孩子，默然坐到矮凳上。 “可怜咱就这一个孙子，咱要靠他送终的。”老太婆嚎哭起来。几个围观的老百姓壮着胆子附和：“是她的孙子。”
高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time. （1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps? A. Because he was injured in his swimming. B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. C. Because westerners know a little about TCM. D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM. （2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture. C. Because Western medicine is more effective. D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. （3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription. C. Lacking in standardization. D. Its stable functions.
“煮书” 爷爷的书房里挂着一张条幅，上面写着“煮书”两个苍劲有力的大字，我感到很奇怪：书只能读，怎么可以煮呢？ 一天，爷爷刚刚写完一篇文章，正坐在藤椅上品茶。我指着条幅问爷爷：“书怎么可以煮呢？书放锅里煮，不是要煮坏了吗？” 爷爷笑了说书是精神食粮嘛既是食粮怎么不可以煮呢煮熟了 吃下去才好消化吸收嘛 爷爷看见我疑惑不解的样子，便接着说：“你知道唐代诗人杜甫吧？他小时候读书，就能反复诵读品味，非把书读透不可。其实，这就是‘煮书’。这样，他做起诗来就感到得心应手了。所以他说：‘读书破万卷，下笔如有神’。我们学习语文，对那些好的文章也应该这么‘煮’，否则，就很难把语文学好。” “爷爷，你看我该怎么‘煮书’呢？” “你可以从‘煮’语文书入手嘛。语文课文都是范文，每天清晨起来，放声读上几遍，仔细品味一番，多有意思！这样煮下去，你不仅能体会到文章的情感，还可以牢记妙词佳句……好处可多啦。肚子里的词儿多了，今后说话和写文章还会犯愁吗？” 爷爷的话使我豁然开朗，“煮书”还真有道理哩！ 1. 从短文中找出与下面意思相近的词语，写在括号里。 A. 指心里不明白，不相信。（） B. 形容运用自如，心里怎么想，手就能怎么做。（） C. 形容开阔或通达，一下子就明白了。（） 2. 阅读短文后填空。 （1）使“我”感到奇怪的问题是（）。 （2）“我”认为“煮书”是。而爷爷说的“煮书”是指（）。 （3）“煮书”的好处是（）。 3. 给第三自然段加上标点符号。 4. 写出你对“读书破万卷，下笔如有神”的理解。 竺可桢的故事 竺可桢不仅爱学习，还爱用脑子思考问题。家乡雨水特别多，屋檐上老是滴水，落在石板上发出“滴滴答答”的响声。竺可桢站在一旁数那滴答作响的水滴，数着数着，他像发现了奇迹，眼睛盯住石板出神，他心里纳闷：哎，这些石板上
部编人教版中考语文小说阅读专题训练专项训练及答案 一、中考语文小说阅读专题训练 1．阅读下面的文字，回答后面的问题。 旦角（注） 江岸 年轻的时候，他是闻名遐迩的人士。每到农闲时节，四乡八里的人约在一起，组个草台班子，挨村唱梆子戏，都免不了跑到黄泥湾，邀他加盟。他那媚媚的扮相，妖妖的身段，在台上一走，就是一串碰头彩；一个水汪汪的飞眼，能淹死一堆小媳妇；一挑葱白似的兰花指，能醉倒一群小姑娘；再唱上那么几嗓子，连半老徐娘们都从里往外酥透了。 不管演哪一出戏，都数他的戏份足。《大祭桩》中的黄桂英，《铡美案》中的秦香莲，《打金枝》中的公主，《西厢记》中的红娘，都非他莫属。 他还真从戏迷中拐了个姑娘，做了他的媳妇儿。一切有关他的杂务都被那姑娘包下来了。他和媳妇儿相亲相爱地过了大半辈子，媳妇儿没舍得吵他一句骂他一声，横草不让他拈，竖草不让他拿，就是时不时让他在家简单地扮上，摆弄一下身段，哼那么几句。嫁给他多少年了，媳妇儿看了听了他的戏，仍然眼睛放光。后来，大队演样板戏，他演李铁梅、阿庆嫂，演了几次，不让他演了。他演的李铁梅、阿庆嫂怎么看怎么不像英雄人物。他不演戏，急得吃不好睡不香。媳妇儿便让他在家里偷偷演，演给她一个人看。当然，他演的是红娘，是秦香莲。有时候，媳妇儿还能接几句张生、黑老包呢。 这么好的媳妇儿，打着灯笼也难找，谁知说走就走了，事前半点儿征兆都没有。他哭天抢地，眼睛哭肿了，嗓子哭哑了，好长时间，整天都像是没了魂儿的人。媳妇儿都埋了半年多了，他还时不时到坟头去哭，细听了，不是哭，却是唱—— 婆母娘且息怒站在路口， 听儿把内情事细说根由。 想当初李黄两家结亲后， 也算是门当户对第一流…… 媳妇儿走了，儿子在外面念书，家里只剩下他一个人，没抓没挠的。他一辈子习惯了饭来张口衣来伸手，没料理日子的本领，一烦，连出去进来都离不了的戏也免了。过了两年，儿子高中毕业回了家，不久又娶了亲，家里总算又有了一个女人，他才可以伸开肠子过一过日月，好好唱一唱他的戏了。 亲家母年轻时也是他的戏迷。亲家母来家了，和他有说不完的话。说得兴起，偶尔他也比划比划，但是一举手一投足一开口，和过去有天壤之别，让亲家母直感叹，到底是老了，老了。听了亲家母的话，他不知是忧伤还是高兴。但他每回都拼命挽留亲家母多住几天。只要过一段时间亲家母没来，他还会催儿媳回娘家去接呢。 儿媳不愿意了，和儿子吵，你爹咋回事儿，我爹还没死呢。 儿子笑了笑。 儿媳又说，你爹都这么大岁数了，别整天没事了哼哼唧唧的好不好，一个大老头子，男不男女不女的，算什么呀！ 儿子不笑了，叹了一口气。 儿子还是和他谈了。从此以后，他进进出出都黑着脸，既不哼唱了，也不言语了，终于