Exercises in Grammar (TEM4)
(1)
1.Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times, _______ was done.
A. a few damages
B. few damages
C. little damage
D. a little damage
2.You are ________ an optimist, aren?t you?
A. a little of
B. a bit of
C. a lot of
D. enough
3.Birds of ________ flock together.
A. a feather
B. feather
C. the feather
D. same feathers
4.“What do you want from the grocery store, Karen?”
“Oh, I just need some toothpaste and _________.”
A. a little bit of other things
B. a couple of other things
C. a few of some other things
D. more other things
5.If there was ________ thing Julia could not do without, it was coffee.
A. a
B. no
C. one
D. the
6.I went back there ________ times after that first meeting.
A. half a dozen
B. some dozens
C. three dozens
D. several dozen of
7.He?s lived in London and Manchester, but he doesn?t like _______ city very much.
A. neither
B. either
C. any
D. both
8._______ friends often speak highly of him.
A. His few
B. His a few
C. A few his
D. Few his
9.Tom contributed fifty dollars, but he wished he could contribute ______.
A. one other fifty dollars
B. the other fifty more
C. more fifty dollars
D. another fifty
10.Of _______ two children, one lives in _______ town and the other in _______ countryside.
A. / … a … the
B. the … / … the
C. the … the …the
D. / … / … /
11.“Are you going to the football game?”“No. the ticket is ______ expensive for me.”
A. very much
B. so much
C. far too
D. a lot of
(2)
1. _________ does he know that the police are about to arrest him.
A. Few
B. Only
C. Seldom
D. Little
2. Then _________ of testing and repairing troubles in the spacecraft.
A. came many months
B. many months had come
C. many months came
D. has come many months
3. Only when in danger ________ human beings.
A. will attack most snakes
B. snakes will most attack
C. will most snakes attack
D. most snakes will attack
4. ________ found these days.
A. Rare are new species of animals
B. Rarely are new species of animals
C. Rare new species of animals are
D. Rarely new species of animals are
5. On a small round marble table in the center of her boudoir stands _________ vase.
A. little exquisite antique brown Chinese porcelain
B. an exquisite little antique brown Chinese porcelain
C. an antique little exquisite brown Chinese porcelain
D. a Chinese antique little exquisite brown porcelain
(3)
1.Susan stood motionlessly at the end of the diving board, hands at her side, heels slightly raised, every muscle
_________ action.
A. anticipating
B. to anticipate
C. anticipated
D. having anticipated
2. A new technique ________, the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent.
A. working out
B. having worked out
C. having been worked out
D. to have been worked out
3. His health falling, ________ in 1782.
A. so Henry Lee went on leave from the army
B. the army gave Henry Lee leave
C. when the army gave Henry Lee leave
D. Henry Lee went on leave from the army
4. He had me whipped, with all the town ________.
A. looking on
B. look on
C. looked on
D. to look on
5. All flights _________ because of the storm, they decided to take the train.
A. having canceled
B. having been canceled
C. were canceled
D. have been canceled
6. With a great weight ________ his mind, he went to bed.
A. to have taken off
B. taking off
C. taken off
D. having taken off
7. He knew that with him ________, she could and would succeed.
A. help
B. to help
C. to be helped
D. having helped
8. The speeding car had missed the turn and now lay on its back, wheels ________ in the air.
A. having spun
B. spun
C. were spun
D. spinning
9. The accountant sat quietly in the office, _________, waiting for the telephone to ring.
A. whose eyes close
B. eyes closed
C. of whom eyes
D. his eyes were closed
(4)
1. Everyone wants to see the flower show, ________?
A. dose he
B. doesn?t everyone
C. doesn?t it
D. don?t they
2. I suppose that you must have visited the museum, _________?
A. don?t I
B. mustn?t you
C. have you
D. haven?t you
3. Our teacher must have stayed up last night, __________?
A. mustn?t he
B. didn?t he
C. needn?t he
D. hasn?t he
4. We don?t believe that she will pass the final exam, __________?
A. don?t we
B. won?t she
C. do we
D. will she
(5)
1. We have all the best apparatus with which ________ motion in the way already scribed.
A. to measure
B. measuring
C. to be measured
D. is measured
2.In other words, we made elements combine in _______ as to produce new materials which are not elements.
A. a way
B. such way
C. many ways
D. such a way
3. ________ no mistake, you must recheck the results got from the experiment.
A. There is
B. For there to be
C. There being
D. With being
4. It is fascinating for ________ so any flower beds on the campus.
A. there being
B. there to being
C. there be
D. there to be
5. Would you like _______ a meeting to discuss the question?
A. there to be
B. there is
C. there being
D. there are
6. They are said ________ out a simple method for producing plastics.
A. to have found
B. to find
C. will find
D. to be finding
7. I expect to ________ the book by the end of the year.
A. be finishing
B. have finished
C. finish
D. be finished
8. They thought it desirable ________ in all schools.
A. for English to teach
B. with English teaching
C. with English to teach
D. for English to be taught
9. I could not help but ________ that something was wrong.
A. realize
B. to realize
C. realizing
D. having realized
10.By means of radio waves _________ through satellites in space we can receive and transmit radio waves
throughout the world and find out more about space and our the earth.
A. to relay
B. relayed
C. relaying
D. relay
11. A molecule of hydrogen has only two atoms, ________ one proton and one electron.
A. each has
B. each having
C. every having
D. each to have
12. _________, the meeting was held according to schedule.
A. With them all arrived
B. They having all arriving
C. They having all arrived
D. With them all arriving
13. ________ more than a hundred times, this new-type radio was proved to be of good quality.
A. To be tested
B. Having been tested
C. Tested
D. Being tested
14. The workers have changed these old materials into useful products, _____ good use of them.
A. so made
B. thus making
C. to make
D. thus made
15.Television pictures _____ out in color can also be received in black-and-white television sets.
A. sending
B. sent
C. having sent
D. to have been sent
16. The characteristics of this alloy are _________ as to make it very suitable for this purpose.
A. so good
B. very good
C. such
D. the same
17. I don?t remember the boiler _________ during these years.
A. being repaired
B. having been repaired
C. to be repaired
D. to have been repaired
18. _______ Saturday, they had no classes in the afternoon.
A. It being
B. Its being
C. Being
D. Having been
19. The suspect at last admitted _________ stolen goods but denied ______ them.
A. to receive . . . to sell
B. receiving . . . selling
C. have received ... to selling
D. to have received ... to have sold
20. John was caught _________ his neighbor?s apples the other day.
A. to have stolen
B. stealing
C. to steal
D. having stolen
21. He is a man worth _____ by others.
A. being paid more attention to
B. paying more attention to
C. being paid more attention
D. to be paid more attention to
22. She is certainly capable, given the right opportunities, ___________ a success of her career.
A. to make
B. in making
C. of making
D. to make
(6)
1. A book may be compared to the company you keep. If it is good, you cannot keep it _____ long; if bad, you
cannot get rid of it _____ early.
A. very…very
B. too…too
C. so…so
D. such…such
2. I _____ at my teacher?s remarks.
A. cannot but wonder B cannot but wondering
D. cannot choose but to wonder D. cannot choose but wondering
3. Sally is old enough to ________ to spend all her money on fancy goods.
A. know well B know better enough C. know better than D. know as well as
4. No man is so old _________ he may learn.
A. but which
B. but
C. that
D. but also
5. There is no rule _________ has exceptions.
A. without
B. except
C. as
D. but
6. ________ his luggage, he hurried to the station.
A. Not having picked up
B. Having not picked up
C. Not picked up
D. Don't have picked up
7. Don?t have him for a friend: he?s _________ a criminal.
A. anything but
B. nothing but
C. nothing like
D. everything but
8. There are several pretty girls standing under the tree, but _____ are known to me.
A. none
B. neither
C. no one
D. either
9. I?d ________ leave you here.
A. very much not rather
B. not very much rather
C. very much rather not
D. very much rather not to
10.“Call me not …lord?, dear Madam; for I am _______ a merchant, but of no uncommon birth,” he said.
A. other than
B. none than
C. none other than
D. no other than
11.No fuel ______ petroleum will be fit for this purpose.
A. than
B. other than
C. rather than
D. as
12.I know now, of course, there is _________ as love.
A. no such a thing
B. not such thing
C. not a thing
D. no such thing
(7)缺混合虚拟语气
1. But for the sunlight, there _________ no moonlight.
A. is
B. will be
C. would be
D. has been
2. _________, we would have been able to use it.
A. If this metal were produced earlier
B. Had this metal been produced earlier
C. Should this metal be produced earlier
D. If this metal is produced earlier
3. It is strange that she _________ in the last examination.
A. should have failed
B. had failed
C. failed
D. fails
4. He put his coat over the soldier lest he _________ cold.
A. will catch
B. catches
C. should catch
D. has caught
5. His improvement has made the design better than it _________.
A. would otherwise have been
B. will otherwise be
C. has otherwise been
D. would otherwise be
6.The earth is a powerful magnet and all magnets behave the same whether they _______ large or small.
A. be
B. would be
C. will be
D. have been
7. It is (high) time we _________ computers to the production of iron and steel.
A. will apply
B. applied
C. have applied
D. would have applied
8. Even though she had been very busy that day, she __________ us.
A. would have helped
B. would help
C. had helped
D. helped
9. ________ we had not made any mistakes in the calculations!
A. But for
B. If only
C. Let
D. Without
10. We ________ you came to visit our laboratory tomorrow than today.
A. had better
B. rather than
C. would rather
D. will rather
11. Suppose that you wanted to speed up the car, you ________ to apply an additional force.
A. would have
B. will have
C. have
D. had had
12. It is suggested that we __________ the design of the machine before May Day.
A. should finish
B. have finished
C. will finish
D. should have finished
13. I move that he _______ discharged for his serious mistake.
A. is
B. will be
C. should be
D. has been
14. He acted as if he ________ an old hand.
A. is
B. were
C. has been
D. would be
15.They demanded when the conclusion had been drawn that the right to vote ______ to every adult man.
A. be given
B. would be given
C. was given
D. had been given
16._______ out of season, I should have ordered some from the fruit stand.
A. If oranges would have been
B. If oranges have not been
C. Had oranges not been
D. should oranges not have been
17.He said it was important that every member ______ his application by the end of the month.
A. send
B. sent
C. sends
D. has sent
18.We got the recommendation yesterday that the work ______ until all the preparations have been made.
A. will not start
B. be not started
C. not started
D. not start
19.Should our company ______ your requirements, please contact us at the address above.
A. will have met
B. will meet
C. have met
D. meet
20.If Helen had followed the doctor?s advice, she __________ sick now.
A. won?t be
B. wouldn?t be
C. wouldn?t have been
D. isn?t
(8)
1. The pilot as well as two of the passengers _________ miraculously escaped death.
A. have
B. are
C. has
D. were
2. Brown bread and butter ________ usually eaten with smoked salmon.
A. are
B. have
C. has
D. is
3. None but fools _________ ever believed it.
A. have
B. has
C. are
D. were
4. A series of plane accidents _________ been reported lately.
A. have
B. has
C. are
D. Were
5. The greatest part of the population _________ in the countryside.
A. was
B. were
C. had
D. is
6. The number of articles published on cancer ________ amazing.
A. are
B. is
C. have been
D. be
7. The militia _________ called out to guard the borderland.
A. were
B. is
C. was
D. has
8. Many a comrade ______ sacrificed ______ for the patriotic democratic revolution.
A. have .. their lives
B. has … his life
C. have … their lifes
D. has …. His lifes
9. “________ ten dollars a big sum to him?” “I suppose so.”
A. Is
B. Will be
C. Are
D. Were
10. In 1976 the Netherlands _______ hit by its worst storm since 1953.
A. have
B. had
C. were
D. was
11.Three-fourths of its surface of the earth ______ sea.
A. have
B. has
C. are
D. is
12.More than one person ______ sighted UFO in this area.
A. have
B. has
C. are
D. is
13.The office staff ________ gathered to hear the president speak.
A. is
B. are
C. be
D. will
(9)
1. Thinking that you know ________ in fact you don?t is a disastrous mistake.
A. what
B. that
C. when
D. however
12.__________ earth scientists understand how and why earthquakes happen, forecasts are usually inaccurate.
A. As
B. While
C. For
D. Since
13._________ she had a solid background in mathematics, her lab skills were relatively undeveloped.
A. As
B. Since
C. That
D. While
14._________ he needed money desperately, he would never have turned to his brother for help.
A. In that
B. So that
C. But that
D. Assuming that
5. Man is superior to the animals ________ he uses language to convey his thoughts.
A. that
B. in that
C. when
D. in which
6. The men will have to wait all day ________ the doctor works faster.
A. if
B. whether
C. unless
D. that
7. ________ we have all the materials ready, we should begin the new task at once.
A. Since that
B. Since now
C. By now
D. Now that
8.“Have you decided which you like best—the round table or the square table?” “Of the two, the round one is
__________.”
A. the nicest
B. the nicer
C. nicer
D. a nice one
9. “I enjoy this particular radio station.”
“So do I. It always has _________ music.”
A. so good
B. such a good
C. such good
D. a so good
10. At least 15, 000 died ________ the French gave up their attempts to build the Panama Canal.
A. as
B. before
C. when
D. while
11. They could have avoided making such a mistake, ________ they didn?t follow his advice.
A. because
B. but
C. as
D. that
12. Glenn, ________ the reader has forgotten, was the first American astronaut to orbit in space.
A. since
B. unless
C. while
D. lest
13. She never comes _________ she brings something for the children.
A. whenever
B. and
C. if
D. but
14.Soccer is a popular spectator sport in England, ________ in the United States it is football that attracts large
audience.
A. as
B. though
C. however
D. whereas
15. He closed the door quietly _________ wake his mother, who was asleep.
A. so that not to
B. in order to
C. so as not to
D. in order that
16. He?ll never succeed, __________ hard he tries.
A. whatever
B. despite
C. though
D. however
17. ________ air is to man, so is water to fish.
A. Like
B. Just
C. Since
D. Just as
18.The expense of color television is likely to be ________ not enough people will be able to afford it.
A. in that
B. so that
C. such that
D. such as
(10)
1. Let children read such books _______ will make them better and wiser.
A. which
B. that
C. as
D. what
2. _______ in physical shape, he dropped out of the University of Syracuse.
A. As he was bad
B. Bad as he was
C. Bad although he was
D. Though bad he was
3. He couldn?t have taken so much ________ told to.
A. like was he
B. what he was
C. than was he
D. as he was
4. Our attitude is still _______ we expressed it in the 1942 agreement on Iran.
A. the same
B. as
C. what
D. like
5. The dictionary is to the student ___________ the tool is to the worker.
A. What
B. so
C. as if
D. like
6. I can hear ________ from the back of the room.
A. just as well
B. just as easy
C. just as good
D. easily as well
7. I was in a quandary (左右为难) ____________ what to say.
A. for
B. as to
C. of
D. owing to
8. He handled the machine in such a way _____ to make it impossible for me to use afterwards.
A. which
B. that
C. as
D. to that
(11)
1. The coffee you make tastes ___________.
A. as good as your mother
B. as good as your mother?s
C. so good as your mother?s
D. as good as your mother does
2. The weather in Singapore is not so dry ________.
A. as India
B. as it is in India
C. as is in India
D. as India is
3. I have ___________ I had when I was in high school.
A. less free time now than
B. free time less now than
C. as less free time now as
D. so little free time now as
4. Not many brothers are __________ to their sisters as Tom is.
A. as nice
B. ever nicer
C. half as nicer
D. so much nice
5. Why don't you take physics next semester? It's not so hard to understand _______.
A. like you might think
B. that you might think
C. as you might think
D. quite as you think
6. You can trust him with your life. You will never meet ___________.
A. the most dependable person as he is
B. a more dependable person
C. such dependable a person as
D. as a dependable person as he
7. Mrs. Smith hasn't traveled ____________.
A. as nearly much as her husband
B. nearly as much as her husband
C. any more as her husband has
D. that much as her husband has
8. We have never seen _______ his cat.
A. a more friendly dog than
B. a dog more friendly than
C. a friendly dog more than
D. more friendly a dog than
9.Eating more nutrients than the body needs does not make it function better, ______ over filling the oil-lamp
makes it lighten better.
A. no more than
B. not more than
C. any more than
D. as well as
(12)
1. They did ______________ to console her.
A. what they could
B. which they could
C. what as they could
D. whether they could
2. I cannot give you the information you ask for, for the reason __________ it myself.
A. which I don't know
B. that I don't know
C. why I don't know
D. because I don't know
3._____ Mr. Smith do you mean — the one who teaches history or the one who teaches music?
A. What
B. Whatever
C. Which
D. Whoever
4. The two brothers look exactly the same ____________ one has a birth mark on his left arm.
A. except for
B. except which
C. except that
D. except
5. "I'm going to ____________ I can be of most use," said the doctor.
A. what
B. there
C. that
D. where
6. Your mother's health is not __________ it ought to be.
A. that
B. which
C. whatever
D. what
7.We met the president, ________.
A. whom the newspapers had reported was gravely ill
B. who the newspapers had reported to be gravely ill
C. who the newspapers had reported was gravely ill
D. whom the newspapers had reported gravely ill
8.He knew the information could be of help to ________ took over the job.
A. anyone
B. those
C. whoever
D. whomever
9.Many people attended the conference, a brief report _______ has been published.
A. of which
B. which
C. of that
D. for which
10.The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware ______ she had gone.
A. where
B. of where
C. of the place where
D. the place
(13)
1. Do as you are told, _________ you'll be in trouble.
A. otherwise
B. therefore
C. besides
D. what's more
2. He employed an able secretary. _________, he was able to do his work efficiently.
A. However
B. Nevertheless
C. Thus
D. Still
3. Your mother was at home while you were children, _________ mine went out to work.
A. whereas
B. besides
C. for
D. nevertheless
4. I do every single bit of house-work _________ he just does the dishes now and again.
A. however
B. while
C. then
D. or else
5. Talk less and work more, ________ your success will be assured.
A. otherwise
B. for
C. or
D. and
6._______ be the consequence, I?ll be on your side.
A. However
B. Whatever
C. No matter how
D. Wherever
(14)
1. We ourselves would rather ___________ on the 8th, but we didn't leave till the 12th.
A. had left
B. have left
C. to leave
D. left
2. I don't know why the child started to cry, but she _________ by the dog.
A. must have been frightened
B. would have been frightened
C. might have been frightened
D. should have been frightened
3. He left a note for Anne so that she _______ what was happening in the university while she was away.
A. must know
B. may know
C. can know
D. ought to know
4. You _________ money away as spend it in gambling.
A. may have thrown
B. might have thrown
C. might well throw
D. might as well throw
5. Two thousand dollars for that old car? You __________!
A. can be joking
B. might be joking
C. should be joking
D. must be joking
6. Since the flight has been canceled because of bad weather, we ________ by train.
A. might as well
B. would like to go
C. may well
D. can possibly go
7. It is only fair that I ________ the truth about the whole affair.
A. had better be told
B. would sooner to be told
C. would like to be told
D. should be told
8.Some actors like to be surrounded by a crowd of people all the time，while others _____ on their own instead.
A. would rather be
B. have got to be
C. had better
D. might as well
9. My CD player had a design fault so I ______ to have it repaired.
A. mustn't pay
B. didn't have to pay
C. might not pay
D. would rather not to pay
(15)
1. A tiger cannot be tamed unless _________
A. catching it very young
B. to catch it very young
C. caught very young
D. being caught very young
2. The author writes more about Hardy county than _________.
A. he writes about Hardy himself
B. what he writes about Hardy the man
C. he does write about the person Hardy himself
D. he does about Hardy
3. The old lady carrying a basketful of eggs was run down by a taxi when _______ the street.
A. crossing
B. crossed
C. to cross
D. being crossing
4. The suspect admits stealing a car from a garage, but he can?t remember ___.
A. what garage
B. which garage
C. what garage he did it from
D. which he stole
5. Wood furniture does not depreciate (贬/减) in value ________.
A. if they are handled properly and protected properly
B. unless handling and protecting properly
C. if properly handled and protected
D. unless for all its handling and protection
6. __________, flowers need a lot of sun and water.
A. when growth
B. They are going
C. when they growing
D. when growing
7. The club has paid its way and _______.
A. always will
B. always will pay
C. it always will so
D. it always does the same
8. “It?s starting to snow.” “______________.”
A. So is it
B. So it is
C. Nor is it
D. Nor it is
9. There is no bookshelf in my study and I need to buy ________.
A. it
B. one
C. that
D. the same
10. I kept wondering if he had a wife somewhere, waiting, and hoping, and not knowing just as _________.
A. I did so
B. I was
C. I doing the same
D. I would do it
11. __________, glasses can correct most sight defects in healthy eyes.
A. When well fitted
B. When well fitting
C. If well fit
D. If being fitted well
12. As no one else has succeeded in _________, I shall attempt to solve the mystery myself.
A. doing so
B. so doing
C. doing the same
D. the same doing
13. The hotel looks much more luxury than ________.
A. it is expected to look so
B. it is expected so
C. it expected
D. expected
14. Although ________, Thomas Edison remained as active and creative as many young people.
A. advance in years
B. advanced in years
C. he advanced in years
D. was advanced in years
15. Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than ____ eastern Nebraska.
A. does
B. in
C. it does in
D. does it in
16. _______ the atmosphere of the earth cuts off about fifty percent of the sun?s heat?
A. How come that
B. How does come that
C. What come that
D. What comes that
(16)
1. Working hours in the United States _________ over the past 20 years.
A. have increased
B. increased
C. were increasing
D. have been increased
2.When I asked friends about the last time they _____ fun as a family, one mentioned a week spent at the shore
last summer.
A. were to have
B. would have
C. were having
D. had had
3.I'm careful about what I teach my daughter, especially when it ___ to hidden danger.
A. will come
B. would come
C. has come
D. comes
4.So far scientists ____ 13 vitamins that play vital roles in regulating the chemical reactions.
A. identifies
B. have identified
C. have been identified
D. have been identifying
5.He is the last person I _____. His rudeness is beyond endurance.
A. will see
B. am going to see
C. saw
D. have seen
6.He extended the telegram to the elderly woman, but she ______ it.
A. had not touched
B. was not to touch
C. would not touch
D. was not going to touch
7.We ________ think that work provides the material things of life.
A. are used to
B. used to
C. use to
D. were used to
8.Water, when boiled, always _______ steam.
A. is giving off
B. are giving off
C. gives off
D. give off
9.They said that honesty _______ the best policy.
A. was
B. is
C. will be
D. would be
10.He told me that they ______ these products since 1982.
A. had produced
B. produced
C. have been producing
D. had been producing
11.By the end of this month we ________ this project.
A. will have finished
B. have finished
C. will finish
D. are going to finish
12.She is busy. She ______ an article.
A. writes
B. is writing
C. has written
D. will write
13.By the middle of 1981, ten Maze hunger-strikers _______.
A. have died
B. died
C. had died
D. will have died
14.I _____ up here night after night for weeks now.
A. have come
B. have been coming
C. come
D. came
15.I hope the meeting ____ to an end by tomorrow afternoon.
A. comes
B. is coming
C. will come
D. will have come
16.The car ______ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about ten o?clock tonight.
A. would go
B. went
C. will be going
D. goes
2016年英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题 参考答案与解析 11. How can I concentrate if you _________ continually ______ me with silly questions? A. have… interrupted B. are… interrupted C. had… interrupting D. were… interrupting 选A。虽然我觉得更应该说you are continually interrupting me with silly questions。不过这里用现在完成时表示的是一个动作发生过成为过去经历，有可能多次发生，也就是打断一次、两次、三次等等不断重复到现在。 12. Among the four sentences below, Sentence ___ expresses the highest degree of possibility? A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem. B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem. C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem. D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem. 选D。四个里把握度最高的是should，其次是may，最后是might和could。 13. She is a better speaker than _____ in the class. A. any boy B. the other boys C. other any girl D. all the girls 选A。主语是she，女的，所以不能选B。C的正确说法是any other girl。 14. Nobody heard him sing, ______? A. did one B. did he C. didn’t they D. did they 选B。根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）317页，nobody这种附加疑问句，书面语里用he。口语里偶见they。实际上，现代英语里为了避免有语言歧视（为什么只有he，没有she），很多人都避免只用he，而多改为they。 15. I can’t put up with ________. A. that friend of you B. that friend of yours C. the friend of you D. the friend of yours 选B。根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）57-58页，这种双重属格结构所修饰的名词可带a, any, some等表示非确定特指的限定词，但通常不带定冠词。比如a daughter of Mrs. Green’s, any/some daughters of Mrs/ Green’s。 16. There has been an increasing number of _______ in primary schools in the past few years. A. man teacher B. men teacher C. man teachers D. men teachers 选D。合成名词复数，man/woman这种，两种都要变成复数，比如women drivers。
A.从介词开始到其后跟的名词结束 B.从介词开始到动名词结束 C.从介词开始到动名词的宾语结束2018年12月大学英语四六级语法精讲课程讲义 一、识别句子成分必须记住的原理 1.衡量是否是一个句子的标准：是否有动词，有动词就是句子，反之不是句子。 2.英语构句原则规定：一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词 3.长难句的构成：主句、从句、介词短语、非谓语动词 （1）主句的辨识：谓语动词 （2）从句的辨识：连词+与之匹配的谓语动词 （3）介词短语： （4）非谓语动词：4.衡量长难句划分是否正确的标准：整个句子中谓语动词的个数比连词多一个 5.长难句划分方法：连动切割法 ·连动切割法：将句子中的所有连词和动词（连词、动词的排列不分先后）作为切割长难句的基 础，断开主句和从句。 ·长难句划分的具体步骤： 【第一步】断开主句和从句 通读整个句子找出所有的连词或动词，并将连词和动词匹配起来（主要是针对从句而 言，主句不存在连词，从句连词和动词的匹配遵守就近原则），然后再给动词匹配主 语（主句的主语在谓语之前找；从句的主语在连词和与之匹配的谓语动词中间找，如 果它们中间没有任何词语，那么连词本身就是这个从句的主语。） 动名词（doing ） 动词不定式（to do ） 现在分词（doing ） 过去分词（done ）
【第二步】断开介词短语和非谓语动词 二、总结复习句子的主要成分 1、主语 （1）定义：主语是动作的发出者。 （2）位置：在谓语动词之前。 （3）什么可以充当主语： 2、谓语 （1）定义：述说主语的动作或状态。 （2）位置：在主语之后。（3）什么可以充当谓语：实意动词。 3、宾语 （1）定义：（2）位置： （3）什么可以充当宾语：4、表语 （1）定义：表述主语的身份特征，性质状态的 （2）位置：在系动词之后 （3）什么可以充当表语： A.名词： B.代词： C.介词短语： D.非谓语动词： E.句子：A.动作的承受者B.介词所联系的对象，即介词宾语（简称介宾） A.名词： B.代词： C.介词短语： D.非谓语动词： E.句子： A.名词： B.代词： C.形容词 D.介词短语： E.非谓语动词： F.句子：A.在谓语动词之后B.在非谓语动词之后C.在介词之后
大学英语四级语法精要 一、动词(时态，语态，用法，省略，一致性等) （一）时态 1、主动形式 过去现在将来过去将来一般did do will/shall do should/would do 进行was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done 用于虚拟语气完成进行had been doing have/has been doing / / 2、被动形式 过去现在将来过去将来 一般was/were given am/is/are given Will / shall be given should/would be given 进行was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成进行/ / / / · CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 ·时间状语从句当中的时态： 一般过去时所有的过去 用一般现在时表示现在和将来 现在完成时现在完成和将来完成 3、现在完成进行时态(have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束. · I’ve been writing letters for an hour. I’ve bee n sitting in the garden. 4、过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作 · We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came. 5、将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作. · By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years. 6、将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事. · I shall have finished this one before lunch. They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October. （二）语态 1、可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如: · He was said to be jealous of her success. It was said that he was jealous of her success. ·能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”，“相信”等意义的动词，常见的
大学英语四级写作资料 一、大学英语四级考试大纲（2006 修订版）对写作的要求 写作选用考生所熟悉的题材。考生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等，写出一篇不少于120词的短文。写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语法错误。考试时间30分钟。 写作部分要求考生用英语进行短文写作，思想表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。写作部分考核的技能是： A.思想表达 1.表达中心思想 2.表达重要或特定信息 3.表达观点、态度等 B.篇章组织 4.围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点 5.连贯地组句成段，组段成篇 C.语言运用 6.运用恰当的词汇 7.运用正确的语法 8.运用合适的句子结构 9.使用正确的标点符号 10.运用衔接手段表达句间关系（如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等） D.写作格式 11.运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式 大学英语四级考试写作部分要求考生达到《教学要求》中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等，能写常见的应用文，能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出至少120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技能。” 二、四级考试写作评分标准 （1）本题满分为15分。 （2）阅卷标准共分四等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷1-2份。 （3）阅卷人根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）； 若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可以加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分）。但不得加或减半分。（4）评分标准 ?2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或绝大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 ?5分：基本切题。思想表达不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语法错误。 ?8分：基本切题。思想表达清楚，文章尚连贯，但语法错误较多，其中有一些是严重错误。 ?11分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语法错误。 ?14分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语法错误。仅有个别小错误。 ?注：白卷、所写内容与题目毫不相关或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。 （5）字数不足应酌情扣分。 题目中给出主题句、起始句和结束句，均不得记入所写字数。 只写一段者：0-4分；只写两段者，0-9分（指规定三段的作文） （6）各档作文相当于百分制的得分，列表如下，称为得分率。其中9分的得分率为60分（相当于百分制的60分）。
四级语法应用法讲义 一、什么是长难句&划分长难句的方法： 1.长难句定义： 2.长难句划分方法：连动切割法（摘自《考研英语语法真经》第九章） ·连动切割法：将句子中的所有连词和动词（连词、动词的排列不分先后）作为切割长难句的基础，断开主句和从句。 ·长难句划分的具体步骤： 【第一步】断开主句和从句： 通读整个句子找出所有的连词或动词，并将连词和动词匹配起来（主要是针对从句而 言，主句不存在连词，从句连词和动词的匹配遵守就近原则），然后再给动词匹配主 语（主句的主语在谓语之前找；从句的主语在连词和与之匹配的谓语动词中间找，如 果它们中间没有任何词语，那么连词本身就是这个从句的主语。） 【第二步】断开介词短语和非谓语动词： A．识别介词短语： B．识别非谓语动词： 二、总结复习句子的主要成分 1、主语 （1）定义： （2）位置： （3）什么可以充当主语： 2、谓语 （1）定义： （2）位置： （3）什么可以充当谓语：
（2）位置： （3）什么可以充当宾语： 4、表语 （1）定义： （2）位置： （3）什么可以充当表语： 5、定语 （1）定义： （2）位置： （3）什么可以充当定语： 6、状语 （1）定义： （2）位置： （3）什么可以充当状语： 7、补足语 （1）定义： （2）位置： （3）什么可以充当补足语： 8、同位语： （1）定义： （2）位置： （3）什么可以充当同位语： 二、真题实战 1.选词填空 I①Just because they can’t sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn’t mean that animals don’t have culture. ②There’s no better example of this than killer whales. ③As one of the most __26__ predators（食肉动物），killer whales may not fit the __27__ of a cultured creature. ④However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly __28__ behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development. II①The word “culture” comes from the Latin “colere,” which __29__ means “to cultivate.” ②In other words, it refers to anything that is __30__ or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. ③Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting
No matter what / who / which / how / when / where / whether引导的让步状语从句： No matter how much I tried to make things stay the same, even Jimmy grasped that the world he’d known was gone. (课文中) No matter what he is wearing, you must serve him. 这一结构大都可以由-ever 构成的合成词代替： Whatever（代词）he is wearing, you must serve him. 但no matter 结构只能引导让步状语从句，而-ever构成的合成词除了引导让步状语从句，还能引导主语从句、宾语从句。 Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford.(引导宾语从句, 不能换成no matter what).
（课文中: Para6）He went wherever（副词）I went and seemed to adjust pretty well. （课文中:Para12）We were reminded that the constant love and support of our friends and family would get us through whatever life might present. However（程度副词，常与形容词和副词连用）rich people are, they always seem anxious to make more money. However carefully you drive, you will probably have an accident eventually. Whoever （代词）gains the most points wins the competition. Whichever（代词）of them gains the most points wins. Whichever (形容词) team gains…. 有时whatever, wherever可以表示说话人不知情或不关心 He lives in Wick, wherever that is.（…谁知道那地方在哪儿。）
专业英语四级语法与词汇模拟题4 单项选择题 1. Our association, which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportunities for the disabled, will publish ______ proposals in the near future. A.their B.our C.his D.its 答案：D [解答] 考查代词的用法。 本句的主语是association，后跟which引导的定语从句，从句中的谓语动词为has pressed for。association是物不是人，因此代词应该用its，故选D。 2. Had Judy been more careful on the math exam, she ______ much better results now. A.would be getting B.could have got C.must get D.would get 答案：D [解答] 考查虚拟语气(错综时间条件句)。 从句是对过去事实的虚拟，省略了if，因此为倒装形式；主句是对现在(主句中有now)情况的虚拟，因此主句用would do结构，故选D。 3. Nine is to three ______ three is to one. A.when B.that C.which
答案：D [解答] 考查方式状语从句。 这道题考查固定句式：A is to B what C is to D。what在句中引导方式状语从句，表示“好比，正如”，故选D。 4. Men differ from animals ______ they can think and speak. A.for which B.for that C.in that D.in which 答案：C [解答] 考查原因状语从句。 in that意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句。for which和in which引导的是定语从句，for that不能引导从句。故C为正确答案。 5. ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. A.Much though B.Much as C.As much D.Though much 答案：B [解答] 考查让步状语从句。 much as意为“尽管”，相当于though，引导让步状语从句。as much意为“同样地”。A、D不是惯用搭配，故选B。 6. I enjoyed myself so much ______ I visited my friends in Paris last year.
plete 指完成一件指派或预定的任务,或完 善、完整未完成的部分 gain 指需要做出比 obtain 更大的努力,往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间儿得到所需要的东西end 指一个动作或一件事情的结束或终止 finish 指把一件事或一个动作做完,强调 事情的了结、终止 7、4 、 accurate , correct , delicate , exact,precise 都含有一定的"正确,精确" 之意 acknowledge,admit,concede,confess,rec ognize 都含有一定的"承认"之意acknowledge 着重”公开承认”,常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事accurate 准确的,精确的,指某人或某事 不仅不出错,而且与事实无出入,强调准 确性 admit 是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实,招供(事实,错误等)concede(不情愿地)承认,(在结果确定前)承认失败correct 正确的,指某人或某事合乎事实或 公认的标准或规则,没有错误 delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的 exact 确切的、精确的,语气较 accurate 强, 指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或 标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差 precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准 确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密, 有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义 confess 着重承认自己的过错或罪恶recognize 指正式承认主权、权利等8、affirm,assert,allege,claim 都含有一定的"宣称,断言"之意affirm 断言,肯定,指根据事实坚定不移地宣称,有无可争辩之意assert 宣称,坚持,指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称5、accuse,charge,indict 都含有一定的 "指控,控告"之意 allege 宣称,断定,指在无真实根据情况下宣称,硬说accuseaccusesb.ofdoingsth. 为 … 指 责 某 人,控告某人 claim 声称,主张,往往表示说话者反对或不同意某一观点chargechargesb.withdoingsth. 指 控 某 人… 英语四级温习资料 2(2006-12-1116:02:10)分类：大学英语四六级温习资料征服大学英语四级考试（阅读篇）（一）存在问题6、achieve,acquire,attain,gain,obtain 都含有一定的"获得,达到"之意 achieve 强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后 达到目标 第一,读不懂acquire 指经过不懈努力才获得的技术,知 识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等 attain 正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达 到完美境地所谓读不懂,就是考生拿过文章,满头雾水,即使硬着头皮读文章,也是一知半解。然后匆忙做体,仅凭感觉去蒙,因此做体准确率必然不高。
四级语法知识点总结 一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 2．被动形式 CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 时间状语从句当中的时态： 一般过去时 所有的过去 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 did do will/shall do should/would do 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done 用于虚拟语气 完成进行 had been doing have/has been doing / / 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given 进行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given 完成进行 / / /
二：非谓语动词 1．不定式： 一）不定式的常考形式： 1)一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生 2)完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点： 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 2）不定式做状语----目的 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； + doing表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to I ‘d like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do
第一章动词的时与体(Tense & Aspect) 时（tense）是个语法范畴，它是表示时间区别的动词形式。英语动词只有“现在时”和“过去时”，而没有“将来时”（在英语中，表示“将来”手段多种多样，但没有一种独特的、能与“现在时”和“过去时”平起平坐的专一表示“将来”的动词形式----“将来时”）。 体（aspect）也是一个语法范畴，它表示动作或过程在一定时间内处于何种状态的动词形式。英语有进行体(progressive aspect)和完成体(perfective aspect)。进行体是由助动词be的一定形式加主动词的-ing 分词构成；完成体由助动词have的一定形式加主动词的-ed分词构成。 现在时和过去时既可以单独使用，也可以和进行体或完成体结合使用，也可以同时与完成体和进行体结合使用。这样，英语的限定动词词组便有8种时、体形式。它们分别是：一般现在时(simple present)、一般过去时(simple past)、现在进行体(present progressive)、过去进行体(past progressive)、现在完成体(present perfective)、过去完成体(past perfective)、现在完成进行体(present perfective progressive)、过去完成进行体(past perfective progressive)。在这一章中，我们单独挑出完成体来加以详述。 1．1 必须使用完成体的结构 1）It (This, This evening, yesterday...) is (was, will be) first (second, third...) time (day, month…)…结构中的分句，要求用完成体。 Is this the first time you've been to Beijing? This was the first time he had been to Beijing. This is the eighth month that I have been out of work.. This was the eighth month that I had been out of work. This is the second time that the goods produced by our factory have been shown in the International Exhibition. This was the second time that the goods produced by our factory had been shown in the International Exhibition. 2）在no sooner…than, hardly/barely/scarcely…when,等的句型中，主句要用过去完成体。 He had no sooner seen me than he left the room. No sooner had he seen me than he left the room. The helicopter had hardly landed when the waiting crowd ran toward it. Scarcely had I seen the lightning when I heard a clap of thunder. 3）将来完成体用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的分句连用。 I will have finished all the work by the time you are back this evening. I am sure he will have left Paris by this time tomorrow. I hope we will have got all the information before you come tomorrow. By the time you get to New York, I _______for London. （2002年1月） A) would be leaving B) am leaving C) have already left D) shall have left 本题时间状语为by+将来时间，考察将来完成体用法，应选择D)。 By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ________here for two days.（2001年6月） A) have been staying B) have stayed C) shall stay D) will have stayed 将来完成体用来可以表示在将来某一时间以前一直持续的动作，本句话的意思是：我们将在这里呆两天，因此谓语动词用将来完成体，答案为D)。 1．2 现在完成体与现在完成进行体 现在完成进行体兼有现在完成体和现在进行体二者基本特点。由于它有现在完成体的特点，所以它
虚拟语气 一．一般虚拟条件句 (1) 与现在事实相反 ——If I were you, I wouldn’t worry. ——If I had the book at hand, I would read the passage to you. 那么，虚拟语气现在时的句型为： 从句：If + 主语＋动词过去式(be 变were) +… 主句：主语＋would (should ,could ,might ) + 动词原形＋… (2) 与过去事实相反 ——If you had gone to last night’s games, you would have met him. ——If the policeman had arrived earlier, he would have seen the accident. 那么，虚拟语气过去时的结构是： 从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时… 主句：主语＋should (或would,could,might) + 现在完成时… (3) 与将来事实相反 ——If he should come tomorrow, I would give him the dictionary he needs. ——If Mr. Li were to do the experiment tomorrow, he might read the instructions carefully.
那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是： 从句：If+主语＋should (或were to )+动词原形＋… 主句：同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构。 练习： 1.I f this report were more accurate, it __________ an invaluable document. A.were B.had been C.will be D.would be (D) 2.I _______ in trouble if the police had stopped me. A.were B.would have been C.would be D.had been (B) 3.W hat would you do if war _________ out. A.breaks B.could break C.had broken out D. were to break (D) 二、在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were, had, should，可省去if,将were, had, should提到主语前，形成倒装。例如： ——Should there be a meeting tomorrow, he would tell you.
2014年大学英语四级基础语法讲义8 My shoes are worn out. My shoes are worn out.我的鞋穿破了。 Be worn out 表示“穿破了”，这个词组看起来是被动形式，但并不强调被动，强调的是状态或者情况，可以理解为形容词短语。例如： My clothes are worn out and I have to mend them. 我的衣服穿破了，我得补一下。 You see,this glass is broken. 你瞧，这个杯子破了。 ★You'd better buy a new pair. You'd better buy a new pair.你最好买一双新的。 A pair of…表示“一对”，“一双”，指一起使用的两个相同的东西。例如： Have you bought a pair of shoes? 你买了一双鞋吗？ This pair of glasses is very good for me. . . . .
这副眼镜我戴很好。 ★That's a bit expensive. That's a bit expensive.价钱有点贵。 A bit 表示“一点儿”，“有些”，在句中作定语或者状语，相当形容词或者副词。与a little 是同义词。例如： It's a bit cold today;you'd better put on more clothes. 今天有点冷，你最好多些穿衣服。 If you study a bit hard,you can pass the exam. 如果你多一点努力学习，你就能考试及格。 Please give me a little water. 请给我一点儿水。 ★The shop was quite new,for it had opened only the week before. The shop was quite new,for it had opened only the week before.因上周才开的，所以商店很新。 For 表示“因为”，相当于because 和as.表明原因，三个词中，because语气最强，for 语气最弱。For 表明的原因要写在后面。例如： I want to go to bed,for I feel tired. 我想去睡觉，因为我感到累了。 . . . .
大学英语四级语法精要 Ⅰ动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等) 1. 时态 1)现在完成进行时态(have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束. I’ve been writing letters for an hour. I’ve been sitting in the garden. 2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作 I’d been working f or some time when he called. We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came. 3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作. By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years. In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three yea rs. 4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事. I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October. 2. 语态 1) 可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如: He was said to be jealous of her success. It was said that he was jealous of her success. 能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,underst and等. It is supposed that the ship has been sunk. The ship is supposed to have been sunk. 担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如: Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制) 2) 双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态 a) 双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数
大学英语四级常考语法总结 一、虚拟语气。应着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词(如lest, in case, otherwise等);一部分表示建议、主张、命令等概念的词语，由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，其后的主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句往往采用“should+动词原形”;虚拟倒装句;在would rather, wish, as if, it’s time that等句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望;混合虚拟句。 二、独立主格题。一般说来，在句子中没有连接词的情况下，逗号是无力连接两个句子的，其中一个分句要么是非谓语形式，要么是独立主格结构。两种结构都做状语，不同的是独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语。 三、时态。英语中共有16个时态。四级考试中出现最多的是将来完成时、现在完成时、过去完成时和完成进行时。 四、名词性从句。形容词性的定语从句是考核的重点，用什么引导词，引导词前面的介词形式，引导词在从句中做什么成分，从句的语序等均有可能成为考点。此外，主语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句也应适当复习。 五、主谓一致。这类考题灵活性大，需要根据实际情况判断谓语动词的单复数形式。一部分具有生命意义的集合名词做主语时谓语动词多采用复数形式，如people, poultry, militia等;用and连接的成分表单一概念时谓语动词用单数;就近原则：主语中含有某些连词(如as well as, besides, in addition to等)时，谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致。
六、倒装结构。分为全部倒装和部分倒装。那些否定词(组)、介词短语能引起倒装句，部分倒装和全部倒装有和区别，as在倒装结构中的用法及意义等等，都是考生应当重视的地方。 七、非谓语动词。①根据非谓语动词同其所修饰的名词或逻辑主语的一致关系，确定使用主动语态或被动语态，然后考虑采用现在分词、现在分词被动式或过去分词;②非谓语动词同主句谓语动词动作发生的先后关系。动作正在进行的用现在分词进行式，同时发生或不分先后发生的用现在现在分词一般式或过去分词;在主句谓语动词之前发生的用现在分词完成式、不定式完成式;发生在主句谓语动词之后的多用不定式一般式;③表状态多用分词，表目的多用不定式。
英语专业四级语法汇总 语法回顾篇： 专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法（省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致，冠词，形容词及副词）、as 的特殊用法。 专四英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气 一般说来，有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点） 考点1. 与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词用did (be用were)， 主句谓语动词would (should, could, might)+do； 考点2. 与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词用had done， 主句谓语动词用would(should, could, might)+ have done； 例如： 43. I _________the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there. A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed C. would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying KEY: C 49. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there. A. weren’t B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. wouldn’t KEY: C 考点3.与将来事实相反， 从句谓语动词用：did (should + do或were + to do)， 主句谓语动词用：would (should, could, might)+do。