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Extragalactic Star Clusters IAU Symposium Series,Vol.Vol.207,2001Eva K.Grebel,Doug Geisler,and Dante Minniti,eds.Tidally-induced Super Star Clusters in M82R.de Grijs Institute of Astronomy,Univ.of Cambridge,Madingley Road,Cambridge CB30HA,UK R.W.O’Connell Astronomy Dept.,Univ.of Virginia,P.O.Box 3818,Charlottesville,VA 22903,USA J.S.Gallagher,iii Astronomy Dept.,Univ.of Wisconsin,475N.Charter Str.,Madison,WI 53706,USA https://www.doczj.com/doc/9718965171.html,ing new HST imaging,we identify a large,evolved system of super star clusters in a disk region just outside the starburst core in the prototypical starburst galaxy M82,“M82B.”This region has been suspected to be a fossil starburst site in which an intense episode of star formation occurred over 100Myr ago,which is now con?rmed by our derived age distribution.It suggests steady,continuing cluster formation at a modest rate at early times (>2Gyr ago),followed by a concentrated formation episode ～600Myr ago and more recent suppression of clus-ter formation.The peak episode coincides with independent dynamical estimates for the last tidal encounter with M81.1.M82,the prototypical starburst galaxy Observations from radio to X-rays show evidence for a tidally-induced starburst
in the center of M82(e.g.,Telesco 1988)In fact,there is now evidence that M82has undergone multiple episodes of intense star formation (cf.Marcum &O’Connell 1996,de Grijs,O’Connell &Gallagher 2001).“M82B,”the fossil starburst region,has exactly the properties of an evolved starburst with a similar amplitude to the active burst (Marcum &O’Connell 1996).Thus,M82is a unique starburst galaxy,since no other galaxy o?ers the opportunity to study two discrete starbursts at such close range!By analogy with the HST results from the active starburst region (O’Connell et al.1994,1995),we expected M82B to have contained a complement of luminous super star clusters.It is possible that most of the star formation in starbursts takes place in the form of such concentrated clusters;in M82,we do not observe any outside the starburst regions.
The combination of observations of both the active and the fossil starburst sites in M82provides a unique physical environment for the study of the stellar and dynamical evolution of star cluster systems
1
2R.de Grijs et al.
Figure1.Age distribution of the star clusters in M82B.Shaded his-
togram:well-determined ages;open histogram:upper or lower limits
only(cf.de Grijs et al.2001).
2.The star formation history in M82
Based on HST/WFPC2observations of two adjacent?elds in M82B(in F439W, F555W and F814W),we detected～100(slightly)evolved star clusters.The clusters brighter than V=22.5exhibit a wide range of ages,from～30Myr to over10Gyr.There is a strong peak of cluster formation at～600Myr,in either representation in Fig.1;very few clusters are younger than300Myr.
Our results suggest steady,continuing cluster formation at a very modest rate at early times(>2Gyr ago),followed by a concentrated formation episode lasting from400–1000Myr ago and a subsequent suppression of cluster forma-tion.Thus,it appears that the last tidal encounter between M82and M81～500–800Myr ago had a major impact on what was probably an otherwise nor-mal,quiescent,disk galaxy.It caused a concentrated burst of star formation activity,which decreased rapidly within a few hundred Myr.
M82B has evidently not been a?ected by the more recent(<30Myr) starburst episode now continuing in the central regions.
References
de Grijs R.,O’Connell R.W.,Gallagher J.S.,2001,AJ,121,768
Marcum P.,O’Connell R.W.1996,in:From Stars to Galaxies:The Impact of Stellar Physics on Galaxy Evolution,eds.Leitherer C.,Fritze-von Alvensleben U.,Huchra J.,San Francisco:ASP,p.419
O’Connell R.W.,Gallagher J.S.,Hunter D.A.1994,ApJ,433,65
O’Connell R.W.,Gallagher J.S.,Hunter D.A.,Colley W.N.1995,ApJ,446,L1 Telesco C.M.1988,ARA&A26,343
Notes on Hollywood Superstar Angelina Jolie Pitt (/d?o??li?/ joh-lee; née Voight; born June 4, 1975) is an American actress, filmmaker, and humanitarian. She has received an Academy Award （美国电影艺术与科学学院奖，简称奥斯卡金像奖Oscars）, two Screen Actors Guild Awards （美国演员公会奖）, and three Golden Globe Awards （金球奖）, and has been cited as Hollywood's highest-paid actress. Jolie made her screen debut as a child alongside her father, Jon Voight, in Lookin' to Get Out (1982). Her film career began in earnest a decade later with the low-budget production Cyborg 2 (1993), followed by her first leading role in a major film, Hackers (1995). She starred in the critically acclaimed biographical cable films George Wallace (1997) and Gia (1998), and won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the drama Girl, Interrupted (1999). Jolie's starring role as the video game heroine Lara Croft in Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001) established her as a leading Hollywood actress. She continued her successful action-star career with Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005), Wanted (2008), and Salt (2010), and received critical acclaim for her performances in the dramas A Mighty Heart (2007) and Changeling (2008), which earned her a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Actress. Beginning in the 2010s, she expanded her career into directing, screenwriting, and producing, starting with the wartime dramas In the Land of Blood and Honey (2011) and Unbroken (2014). Her biggest commercial success came with the fantasy picture Maleficent (2014). In addition to her film career, Jolie is noted for her humanitarian efforts, for which she has received a Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award and an honorary damehood of the Order of St Michael and St George (DCMG), among other honors. She promotes various causes, including conservation, education, and women's rights, and is most noted for her advocacy on behalf of refugees as a Special Envoy for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). As a public figure, Jolie has been cited as one of the most influential and powerful people in the American entertainment industry, as well as the world's most beautiful woman, by various media outlets. Her personal life is the subject of wide publicity. Divorced from actors Jonny Lee Miller and Billy Bob Thornton, she separated from her third husband, actor Brad Pitt, in September 2016. They have six children together, three of whom were adopted internationally. 1.caesarean [s?'z?r??n] adj. 剖腹产的；n. the delivery of a fetus by surgical incision through the abdominal wall and uterus (from the belief that Julius Caesar was born that way). 同义词：cesarean delivery; caesarean delivery; cesarean section 2.glamorous ['gl?m?r?s] adj. 迷人的，富有魅力的; having an air of allure, romance and excitement 3.epidural [ ,epi'dju?r?l ] adj. 硬脑膜外的；硬膜上的；同义词：epidural anesthesia; epidural anaesthesia; n. regional anesthesia resulting from injection of an anesthetic into the epidural space of the spinal cord; sensation is lost in the abdominal and genital and pelvic areas; used in childbirth and gynecological surgery 4.Provence [pr??vɑ:ns] n. 普罗旺斯（法国东南部一地区） 5.prompt [pr?m(p)t] vt. 提示；促进；激起；give an incentive for action 6.afterthought ['ɑ?ft?θ??t] n. 事后的想法；后来添加的东西; thinking again about a choice previously made; an addition that was not included in the original plan 7.showbiz: a shortened name for Show business (since c. 1945), is a vernacular term for all aspects of the entertainment industry. From the business side (including managers, agents,
Super star 歌手：S.H.E 专辑：Super star (ella)笑就歌颂,一皱眉头就心痛. 我没空理会我, (ella selina)只感受你的感受. (hebe)你要往哪走?把我灵魂也带走,它为你着了魔, (hebe selina)留着有什么用? (合)你是电,你是光,你是唯一的神话, 我只爱你,you are my super star 你主宰,我崇拜, 没有更好的办法, 只能爱你,you are my super star (hebe)手不是手,是温柔的宇宙, 我这颗小星球, (silina hebe)就在你中转动. (selina)请看见我,让我有梦可以做, 我为你发了疯, (selina ella)你必须奖励我. (合)你是电,你是光,你是唯一的神话, 我只爱你,you are my super star 你主宰,我崇拜,没有更好的办法,只能爱你, you are my super star (hebe)你是意义, (ella hebe)是天是地是神的旨意, (selina)除了爱你, (selina hebe)没有真理. (selina)你是火,是我飞越的尽头, 没想过要逃脱, (selina hebe)为什么我要逃脱. (ella)谢谢你给我,一个快乐的梦游,如果我忘了我, (ella hebe)请帮忙记得我.
(合)你是电,你是光,你是唯一的神话, 我只爱你,you are my super star 你主宰,我崇拜,没有更好的办法,只能爱你, You are my super star 你是电,你是光,你是唯一的神话,我只爱你, You are my super star 你主宰,我崇拜,没有更好的办法,只能爱你, You are my super star (hebe)You aer my super star boy
Superstar歌词完整版下载，Superstar原唱歌词中文翻译Beatrich ========== Superstar歌词完整版如下============ Superstar -Beatrich Love is enough for me 对我来说有爱情就足矣 Paper planes will make you see 看到纸飞机你会明白 Simplicity 这就是简单纯粹 We kinda rock this bar 我们在这家酒吧纵情摇摆 You look like a superstar 你看起来就像超级巨星 I wanna show you things I love about you 我想向你展现浓浓的爱意 Holding hands and feeling so cool 牵起你的手这感觉很惬意 All the things I love about you or 向你展现浓浓的爱意 Sharing lips and kiss anytime 与你互诉衷肠你随时都可以吻我
You're so nice to make me feel right 你真好让我感觉无比快乐 Giving looks and dancing all night 为我绽放笑颜和我整夜纵情摇摆 We are the superstars super super superstars 我们就是超级巨星超级巨星 Yeah we the ones who have the power 我们拥有传递快乐的魔力 We are the superstars super super superstars 我们就是超级巨星超级巨星 Yeah we the ones who have the power 我们拥有传递快乐的魔力 We are the superstars super super superstars 我们就是超级巨星超级巨星 Yeah we the ones who have the power 我们拥有传递快乐的魔力 We are the superstars super super superstars 我们就是超级巨星超级巨星 Yeah we the ones who have the power 我们拥有传递快乐的魔力 I chose to running now
关于企业Super star激励制度的实施细则 一、Super star的评选目的 为贯彻执行“员工满意度第一”的经营管理理念，及时发现并奖励优秀员工，提高员工工作热情、增强企业凝聚力，在全公司开展争做企业明星的活动，特推出此项Super star激励制度。 二、Super star的评选程序 1、部门经理推荐 1．1每月末由部门经理推选本部门Super star候选人。 推选Super star应从业绩、态度、能力三方面考虑，填写《Super star 推荐表》，选择当月表现突出的员工。 部门经理要提供Super star突出事迹的证明材料。 每月1日前各部门经理将本部门《Super star推荐表》报行政部。 2、Super star的产生 综合部将各部门上报的Super star候选人资料汇总、整理，针对实际情况进行调查与核实，并在经理例会上将Super star的推选情况汇报，由经理/主管会议讨论产生Super star。 当月受处分者，不能参加评选。 部门经理或主管，由分管总经理推选。 Super star宁缺勿滥，不降低评选的标准，如果当月无表现突出者，空缺。 三、Super star的评选标准 1、业绩之星： 1．1完成当月任务，并有所提高。 1．2高质量完成本职工作，并为公司创造经济效益。 2、态度之星：
2．1严格遵守公司的规章制度，并能够起到表率作用。 2．2爱岗敬业，吃苦耐劳。 2．3团结同事，乐于助人。 3、能力之星： 3．1胜任本职工作。 3．2善于发现问题，并根据实际提出解决问题的方案。 3．3工作中能够做到上情下达，融汇贯通。 3．4善于创新。 四、Super star的奖励 每月的员工大会上公布上月的Super star名单，由总经理颁发Super star 荣誉奖章。 每名Super star的获得者，将获得现金500元奖励，优秀团队获奖金1000元，由部门经理或主管分配。 综合部将每月Super star的评选结果存档，纳入到年终考核中。 综合部 2013年8月31日.