2016中国矿业大学 学术翻译实践期末试卷答案

翻译学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 翻译学研究的主要对象是什么？A. 语言B. 文化C. 社会D. 交际答案：A2. 下列哪项不是翻译学研究的主要内容？A. 翻译理论B. 翻译批评C. 翻译实践D. 翻译教育答案：D3. 翻译学作为一门独立的学科是在何时被正式承认的？A. 20世纪50年代B. 20世纪60年代C. 20世纪70年代D. 20世纪80年代答案：C4. 翻译学研究的目的是？A. 促进语言学习B. 提高翻译质量C. 促进文化交流D. 以上都是答案：D5. 下列哪位学者对翻译学的发展做出了重要贡献？A. 费道罗夫B. 尤金·奈达C. 弗洛伊德D. 爱因斯坦答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）1. 翻译学的研究方法主要包括_________、_________和_________。

答案：比较研究、实证研究、理论建构2. 翻译学的研究范围涉及语言学、文学、文化学、_________和_________等多个领域。

答案：社会学、交际学3. 翻译学的研究对象包括源语言文本、目标语言文本和_________。

答案：翻译过程4. 翻译学的研究目标是揭示翻译活动的_________、_________和_________。

答案：规律性、创造性、交际性5. 翻译学的研究任务是构建翻译理论体系、指导翻译实践和_________。

答案：培养翻译人才三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. 简述翻译学的主要研究方法及其特点。

答案：翻译学的主要研究方法包括比较研究、实证研究和理论建构。

比较研究侧重于不同语言或文化背景下的翻译现象进行对比分析；实证研究侧重于收集和分析翻译实践中的具体案例，以验证理论或提出新的理论假设；理论建构则是在前两者的基础上，构建系统的翻译理论体系。

2. 翻译学研究的现实意义是什么？答案：翻译学研究的现实意义在于促进不同语言和文化之间的交流与理解，提高翻译质量和效率，培养专业的翻译人才，以及推动翻译技术的发展。

《翻译理论与实践》期末考试试卷附答案B卷一、单词翻译（共10题，每题2分，共20分）1、neutral2、meter3、sodium hydroxide4、external5、in the absence of6、间歇的；断断续续的7、复杂的8、依靠；由于9、限于10、粗粒子二、句子翻译（共5题，每题4分，共20分）1、Acid-base indicators (also known as pH indicators) are substances which change color with pH.2、I am bored with the dull office work.3、It’s my pleasure to offer some help to you.4、从大连到沈阳的直达特快火车什么时候离开？5、在周末，我们可以去游泳或去钓鱼。

三、段落翻译（共3题，每题20分，共60分）1、In metals, thermal conduction results from the motion of free electrons, and there is close correspondence between thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. In solids that are poor conductors of electricity and in most liquids, thermal conduction results from momentum transfer between adjacent vibrating molecules or atoms. In gases, conduction occurs by the random motion of molecules, so that heat is “diffused” from hotter regions to colder ones.2、黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。

中国矿业大学英语实践4itest答案1、I don’t know how to improve my English. Can I ask you for some _______? [单选题] *A. answersB. advice(正确答案)C. questionsD. words2、On Easter children _______ eggs around the house. [单选题] *A. hunt for(正确答案)B. send forC. prepare forD. ask for3、The traffic jams often happen in _______ hours. [单选题] *A. lunchB. workC. leisureD. rush(正确答案)4、He does ______ in math.（）[单选题] *A. goodB. betterC. well(正确答案)D. best5、Could you tell me _____ to fly from Chicago to New York? [单选题] *A.it costs how muchB. how much does it costC. how much costs itD.how much it costs(正确答案)6、Tom’s mother will let him _______ traveling if he comes back?in five days. [单选题] *A. to goB. goesC. wentD. go(正确答案)7、—______some nice crayons. I think they are ______.（）[单选题] *A. Here is; Betty’sB. Here are; BettyC. Here is; BettyD. Here are; Betty’s(正确答案)8、( )He killed the enemy guard and made away _________the villagers. [单选题] *A. with the helpB. with helpC. with help ofD. with the help of(正确答案)9、-We’ve spent too much money recently–well,it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives_______around all the time [单选题] *ingB. had comeC. were comingD have been coming(正确答案)10、The Internet is an important means of（）[单选题] *A. conversationB. communication(正确答案)C. speechD. language11、--It is Sunday tomorrow, I have no idea what to do.--What about _______? [单选题] *A. play computer gamesB. go fishingC. climbing the mountain(正确答案)D. see a film12、He used to get up at six in the morning,（)? [单选题] *A. used heB. did heC. didnt he (正确答案)D. should he13、—Look at those purple gloves! Are they ______, Mary?—No, they aren’t. ______ are pink. （）[单选题] *A. you; IB. your; MyC. yours; Mine(正确答案)D. you; Me14、The children were all looking forward to giving the old people a happy day. [单选题]*A. 寻找B. 期盼(正确答案)C. 看望D. 继续15、While studying abroad, he financially depended（）his wife. [单选题] *A. on(正确答案)B. ofC. toD. from16、Sometimes Americans are said to be _____. [单选题] *A superficially friendB superficial friendC. superficial friendlyD. superficially friendly(正确答案)17、He made ______ for an old person on the bus. [单选题] *A. room(正确答案)B. roomsC. a roomD. some rooms18、—______ you speak French?—Yes, I can.（）[单选题] *A. NeedB. Can(正确答案)C. MightD. Must19、We should _______ a hotel before we travel. [单选题] *A. book(正确答案)B. liveC. stayD. have20、_____you may do, you must do it well. [单选题] *A.WhichB.WheneverC.Whatever(正确答案)D.When21、You should _______ your card. [单选题] *A. drawB. depositC. investD. insert(正确答案)22、This kind of banana tastes very _______. [单选题] *A. nice(正确答案)B. wellC. nicelyD. better23、27．My father is a professor and he works in__________ university. [单选题] * A．a (正确答案)B．anC．/D．the24、The storybook is very ______. I’m very ______ in reading it. （）[单选题] *A. interesting; interested(正确答案)B. interested; interestingC. interested; interestedD. interesting; interesting25、6．—How can we get to the school?—________ bus. [单选题] * A．ToB．OnC．By(正确答案)D．At26、The teacher asked him to practice playing the piano _______. [单选题] *A. often as possibleB. as often possibleC. as possible oftenD. as often as possible(正确答案)27、As soon as he _______, he _______ to his family. [单选题] *A. arrived, writesB. arrived, writtenC. arrived, wrote(正确答案)D. arrives, write28、21 In a few years' time, there ________ thousands of trees on the hill. [单选题] * A．will haveB．will be(正确答案)C．are haveD．have29、Tom is ____ honest man, so we all like to work with him. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. /D. any30、I took?some _______of the Great Wall?in China last year. [单选题] *A. potatoesB. tomatoesC. photos(正确答案)D. paintings。

翻译理论期末试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 翻译理论中，“直译”与“意译”的主要区别在于：A. 语言结构的转换B. 信息传递的方式C. 翻译者的角色定位D. 语言风格的选择答案：B2. 功能派翻译理论认为，翻译的主要目的是：A. 保持原文的文学价值B. 传递原文的信息内容C. 满足目标语言读者的需求D. 再现原文的文化背景答案：C3. 翻译中的“等效”概念最早由哪位学者提出？A. Eugene NidaB. J.C. CatfordC. Peter NewmarkD. James Holmes答案：A4. 翻译中“忠实性”原则主要强调的是：A. 忠实于原文的字面意义B. 忠实于原文的作者意图C. 忠实于目标语言的文化习惯D. 忠实于翻译者的个人理解答案：B5. 翻译中的“动态对等”理论是由哪位学者提出的？A. NidaB. CatfordC. NewmarkD. Holmes答案：A6. 翻译理论中的“交际翻译”与“语义翻译”的主要区别在于：A. 翻译的目的不同B. 翻译的方法不同C. 翻译的侧重点不同D. 翻译的受众不同答案：C7. 在翻译理论中，哪种翻译策略更注重原文的文化内涵？A. 直译B. 意译C. 归化D. 异化答案：D8. 翻译理论中的“文化适应性”原则主要强调：A. 翻译应忠实于原文的字面意义B. 翻译应忠实于原文的作者意图C. 翻译应适应目标语言的文化环境D. 翻译应保持原文的语言风格答案：C9. 翻译理论中的“交际功能”理论认为，翻译的主要目的是：A. 传递信息B. 传递文化C. 传递情感D. 传递知识答案：A10. 翻译中的“语义翻译”理论是由哪位学者提出的？A. NidaB. CatfordC. NewmarkD. Holmes答案：C二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. 翻译理论中的“直译”是指在翻译过程中，尽量保持原文的_______和_______。

答案：结构，词汇2. 翻译理论中的“意译”是指在翻译过程中，根据目标语言的_______和_______进行适当的调整。

英语原文：Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and applications ( Chapter 11) 韌铎碉宛槪咅：理施沁用()11.4 The future: co-operation or fragmentation?未来:合作或分裂？Translation studies is therefore already functioning, to borrow McCarty's term, at the interstices of existing fields and is developing a new inter-disciplinary character ・在现有领域中，翻译研究借助麦克凯帝的术语, 早就发挥了重要的作用。

现在，翻译研究朝着一个跨学科的新方向发展。

The question is how far this is a strength or a weakness for the field as a whole.问题是跨学科发展对于整个翻译研究领域是有利的还是有弊的呢？它的作业有多大？Each of its subject areas is competing for prime position, with perhaps the most evident split being that between linguists and cultural theorists (seeBaker 1997b: 277-80, Venuti 1998: 7-8).在跨学科翻译研究中，每个学科想获得最好的地位而相互竞争。

在语言学家和文化理论家之间的竞争最为激烈，这也导致语言学科和文化学科之间的分裂也更明显。

(见贝克1997b： 277-80, 韦努蒂1998： 7-8) oThe former dominated in the 1950s and 1960s, while in the last decade linguistic theories have been marginalized by scholars moving within, or adopting the practices of, other disciplines.在20世纪50年代和60年代的之间语言学科一直处于上风，但在过去的十年中，语言学理论一直被学术界的学者们所排斥，或是采用其他学科的做法。

2016中国矿业大学学术翻译实践期末试卷答案中国矿业大学2014-2015学年度第二学期硕士研究生《学术翻译实践》课程期末考试试卷姓名学号学院得分100分钟闭卷一、将下列句子翻译成英语，请在答题纸上作答。

（50分）1. 要提高能源利用效率，也就是要依靠能源、动力、石油化工及各行各业的可进进步来满足，而多相流问题（multiphase flow processes）与它们紧密相关并起着关键作用。

The raise of efficiency of utilizing energy depends on the scientific and technological progress in energy, power, petroleum and chemical industries, in which multiphase flow processes are closely related and play the key role.2.在受到认为控制的条件下，进行精确的观察，这是了解事物本质的第一步。

Accurate observation under controlled conditions is the first step in understanding nature. (动词转译为名词)3. 近代科学的发现得出这样的结论：物质可以产生能量，能量又可以产生物质。

（主被动语态转换）Modern scientific discoveries lead to the conclusion that energy may be created from matter and that matter in turn, may be created from energy.4. 随着大规模集成电路的出现，电子工业在20世纪60年代取得了巨大的进展。

The 1960s saw the great advance in electronics industry with the emergence of the large-scale integrated circuits. (谓语的确定)5. 由于他在设计上的革新，发动机变得小多了，工作得更平稳了，活动部件也少了。

大学生翻译考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 翻译理论中的“dynamic equivalence”是由哪位翻译家提出的？A. NidaB. TouryC. SkoposD. Venuti答案：A2. 下列哪项不是翻译过程中需要考虑的因素？A. 语言风格B. 文化差异C. 个人偏好D. 目标语言的语法规则答案：C3. 在翻译中，“忠实”通常指的是对原文的什么忠实？A. 内容B. 形式C. 风格D. 所有以上答案：D4. “Foreignization”和“domestication”是翻译策略中的哪两个概念？A. 文化适应B. 语言转换C. 读者导向D. 作者导向答案：A5. 下列哪个不是翻译技巧？A. 直译B. 意译C. 机器翻译D. 归化答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）6. 翻译活动通常包括三个步骤：理解、_________、表达。

答案：转换7. 在翻译中，处理专有名词时，通常采用_________的策略。

答案：音译或保留原文8. 翻译的标准之一是“信、达、雅”，其中“雅”指的是译文的_________。

答案：文采或风格9. 翻译理论中的“功能主义”是由德国翻译学者_________提出的。

答案：Katharina Reiss10. 在翻译实践中，处理习语和谚语时，可以采用_________的方法。

答案：文化补偿三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）11. 简述翻译中的“直译”与“意译”的区别。

答案：直译是指尽可能忠实于原文的字面意思，逐字逐句地翻译，保持原文的结构和词汇。

意译则更注重传达原文的意图、情感和语境，允许译者在不改变原文意思的前提下，根据目标语言的习惯进行适当的调整和改写。

12. 描述翻译中的“归化”策略，并给出一个例子。

答案：归化是一种翻译策略，它将原文中的文化元素转换为目标语言文化中的对应元素，使译文更易于目标语言读者的理解和接受。

例如，将中文的“龙”翻译为英文的“dragon”时，可能需要解释其在中国文化中的吉祥含义，因为“dragon”在西方文化中通常带有负面含义。

翻译期末考试试卷和答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 翻译理论中，通常认为翻译是一种______。

A. 语言转换B. 文化交流C. 信息传递D. 艺术创作答案：A2. 在翻译过程中，译者需要关注原文的______。

A. 语法结构B. 词汇选择C. 语境意义D. 以上都是答案：D3. 直译和意译是翻译中的两种基本方法，其中直译更侧重于______。

A. 忠实原文B. 传达原文风格C. 传达原文信息D. 适应目标语言习惯答案：A4. 翻译中的“信、达、雅”是哪位翻译家提出的？A. 严复B. 林语堂C. 傅雷D. 鲁迅答案：A5. 在翻译中，如何处理文化差异是一个重要的问题。

以下哪项不是处理文化差异的方法？A. 归化B. 异化C. 直译D. 增译答案：C6. 翻译中，对于专业术语的处理应该遵循______。

A. 直译B. 意译C. 音译D. 以上都不是答案：D7. 翻译中的“等效”概念是由哪位学者提出的？A. 尤金·奈达B. 彼得·纽马克C. 奈特·巴斯内特D. 詹姆斯·霍姆斯答案：A8. 在翻译实践中，译者需要考虑目标读者的______。

A. 语言习惯B. 文化背景C. 阅读偏好D. 以上都是答案：D9. 翻译中的“忠实”原则主要是指忠实于______。

A. 原文作者B. 原文内容C. 原文形式D. 原文风格答案：B10. 翻译中的“流畅性”主要是指译文的______。

A. 语言自然B. 信息完整C. 风格一致D. 结构清晰答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 翻译是一种跨文化的______活动。

答案：交际12. 翻译的三大标准是信、达、______。

答案：雅13. 翻译中的“直译”是指尽可能保持原文的______和结构。

答案：语言14. 翻译中的“意译”是指在传达原文______的基础上，对原文进行适当的调整。

答案：信息15. 翻译中的“增译”是指在不改变原文______的前提下，增加一些内容以使译文更加流畅。

Unit 14. Translation process A. Comprehension of words:句子译文（P4-5）（1）人生历程就是从生到死。

(2)女孩放好了桌子。

但lay table”的真正含义是指在餐桌上摆好吃饭用的餐具.(3)他认为我够朋友/他认为我可交。

(4)她哭得很伤心。

不能译“她把眼睛哭出来”。

如to laugh one's head off"笑掉大牙”，to burst/split one's side with laughter“笑破肚子”；“tears well up in one's eyes”译为“泪汪汪”．(5)我们找了他，但一无所获。

“to no purpose”和“for no purpose不同，后者是“没有目的”，前者则是“毫无结果”，“一天所获”。

(6)但是他的重大发明还在后头呢(7)你认为汤姆怎么样？他这个人一无可取。

(8)他那个人小气劲儿简直没法说。

可不是吗！/没错。

(9) 哎哟! 人生如草芥.(10) 哪里想到俺和这些高贵的德伯维尔一直是同宗共祖呐。

(11) 谁来都行，由我来对付。

/兵来将挡，谁来我都不怕。

(12) 我死也不干。

(13) 理论固然重要，实践更重要。

(14)学英语，光学语法是不行的。

(15)“exaggerate”一词可以引出较广的含义，不能照字面理解为“被夸张了”，而应译为“他大发雷霞，未免小题大做”。

(16) “我拜读过大作。

没有想到你这么年轻有为，(我原来以为你是一个老人呢)。

(17) 每次出差回来，这儿都叫我感到耳目一新，精神一爽。

(18)应根据对其深层意思的理解译为“可是这个家里是他妈妈说了算(或他妈妈当家)，他们说，他连他妈妈的一半也顶不上”(他那样的人，两个也比不过他妈妈)。

(19) 如果将主语译成“他和她”就显得不顺。

后半句如译成“他们各自与另一个人结婚了”则不够清楚。

全句宜译成：“他们再次相逢时，一个已经娶妻，一个也已经再嫁了”。

Unit 1and how to succeed in it.2. Others (books) are written by successful entrepreneurs who want to tell thevaluable resources in the world.4. Since those days we have learned far more about how the brain actuallyfull possession of our thinking processes?to our daily work and life.9. Both sides of our brain are meant to be used together, just as we use both10. Industrial designer Frank Nuovo recently described how he deliberatelyUnit 2theoretical English professors,but by practical,hard-headed scholars who have been searching for the secrets of success.2. That one of the easiest and quickest ways to get ahead is by consciously3. And that from then on it is necessary to have an intelligent plan if progress isnot have a large vocabulary merely because of the opportunities of position.7. A pianist may have the most beautiful tunes in his head, but if he had onlyout.more accurate will be your thinking.man from mediocrity to success.10. The new and higher position you have won will, in turn, give you a betterUnit 3of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight. 2. This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent andtechnicians.3. In such ways the pursuit of knowledge may become harmful unless it is combined with wisdom; and wisdom in the sense of comprehensive vision is4. It is by no means uncommon to find men whose knowledge is wide butfeelings become less personal and less concerned with his own physical states, he achieves growing wisdom.6. Can wisdom in this sense be taught? And, if it can, should the teaching of itaffirmative.7. But if you hate them, it is only too likely that you will become equally harmful;8. With every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes morepurposes, and therefore expends our capacity for evil, if our purposes are unwise.Unit 4capacity for moral choice.2. They become very excitable, they lose all sense of individual or collectivepanic.3. Reading is a private, not a collective activity. The writer speaks only to4. The orator speaks to masses of individuals, already well-primed withwhat he likes with them.in facts.regard over-simplification as the original sin of the mind and have no use of the slogans, the unqualified assertions and sweeping generations which are7. There are no grey in his picture of the world; everything is either diabolically8. Virtue and intelligence belong to human beings as individuals freely9. But the subhuman mindlessness to which the demagogue makes his appeal, the moral imbecility on which he relies when he goads his victim into action,women in masses.they are symptoms of herd-poisoning.Unit 51. All your actions, feelings, behavior - even your abilities - are always2. In short, you will” act like” the sort of person you conceive yourself to be. Notefforts or will power.3. The man who conceives himself to be a “failure type person “will find some way to fail, in spite of all his good intentions, or his will power, even if4. The person who conceives himself to be a victim of injustice, one “who was5. Because of this our experiences seem to verify, and thereby strengthen our6. For example, a schoolboy who sees himself as an “F” type student, or one7. Yet, as we shall see later, almost miraculous changes have occurred both in grades of students, and in the earning capacity of salesmen-when they were8. And, numerous experiments have shown that once the concept of self, areseem to be consistent with each other.Unit 6and from high school to college in a different state.keen awareness of the other person’s intellect, temperament and particular interests.4. Your political philosophy assumes more depth, a ppreciation of a playenjoyment of a sport is intensified.intellectual women.matter of feeling.7. Between French friends, who have chosen each other for congeniality of9. Meeting after a long interval, friends are like a couple who begin to dance10. English friends are formed outside the family circle, but they are not, as infrom the family.Unit 7who did not have smallpox.3. ,in effect,by reprogramming his computer,erased the old way of looking at4 The normal Western approach to a problem is to fight it. The saying, “Whenattitude toward problem-solving.6 Once you have solved a problem laterally, you wonder how you could ever7 Dr. A. Bridger, psychiatrist at Columbia University and in private practice inproblem,instead of attacking it head-on.upon the dangers involved and the difficulties, and concentrate instead upon the opportunity – for there is always opportunity in crisis.Unit 81. The well-born young Athenians who gathered around Socrates found it quiteseductive and so ugly.enchantments of beauty.only one of the two sexes.4. That one can call a man “beautiful” in French and in Italian suggests thatof Christianity –still retain some vestiges of the non-religious admiration for beauty.perceive that the way women are taught to be involved with beauty encourages excessive self-admiration or love.caring about how one looks.will do.9. To preen, for a woman, can never be just a pleasure. She is always under本文针对当前我国对外经济法规汉英翻译的一些实际问题，探讨了以翻译规律来规范对外经济法规汉英翻译的可能性，提出了基本规律和特殊规律。