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2019中考英语备考考点分析(一)名词

2019中考英语备考考点分析(一)名词
2019中考英语备考考点分析(一)名词

英语中考备课专题复习

考点分析训练(一)名词

第一讲考点分析

【考点1】 a number of与the number of

【考点精析】词组辨析,主谓一致,用于单选、完形及英汉互译中。

1.the number of…表示“……的数量”。

中心词是number,作主语时,谓语动词用单数第三人称形式,后常跟large,small等词作表语。

2.a number of表示“若干的;许多的”。

起修饰作用,相当于many或a lot of,number前可以加small,large词来表示程度。a number of后面的复数可数名词作句子主语时,其谓语动词不能用单数第三人称形式。

例如:The number of the students in our school is 2000.

A number of students are playing football.

【精讲精练】

【贵州黔西南】the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are

teachers.

A.A number of;women

B.A number of;woman

C.The number of;women

D.The number of;woman

【答案】C

【考点2】advice 与suggestion

【考点精析】搭配及是否可数。用于单选、完形及词形转换中考查。

1.advice忠告,意见,可指具有较多知识、经验、判断力的人对另一个人的“劝告”或

“见解”。不可数名词。

2.suggestio n意见,建议,提议,指为了改进或解决某一问题而提出建议,办法等。

可数名词。

【拓展】a piece of advice一条建议

some advice = some suggestions一些建议

accept/take/ follow (sb’s) advice 接受(听从某人的)建议

ask sb.for advice请教某人

give sb.advice/suggestions提出建议

【词性变化】advice (n.)—advise (v.);suggestion (n.)—suggest (v.)

【精讲精练】

1.【贵州黔东南】We should take our teachers’and make use of to study.

A.advices;times

B.advice;time

C.advice;times

D.advices;time

2.【江苏扬州】—What a good you’ve given me! Thanks a lot.

—My pleasure.

https://www.doczj.com/doc/9c9492711.html,rmation

B.news

C.suggestion

D.advice 【答案】1.B 2.C

【考点3】birth

【考点精析】词组搭配,词形变化或词语释义,用于单选、完形、英汉互译中。

【词性变化】birth(n.)→bear(v.)→born(adj.)

give birth to 生(孩子),生育;引起,产生;at birth = be born出生时。例如:

She gave birth to a fine healthy baby.

The baby weighed three kilos at birth.

= The baby weighed three kilos when she was born.

【考点4】cloth,clothes,clothing

【考点精析】词义辨析,用于单选、完形中考查。

三者近义,注意含义和具体用法区分。

(1)cloth指布料,布匹,不可数;指布块,桌布,可数。

(2)clothes衣服,服装,也指套装,是复数名词,不能直接与数词连用,后面谓语用复数。

例如:I bought some clothes this afternoon.

(3)clothing衣服的总称,另外还有“衣着”的含义,是物质名词,包括裤子、帽子、鞋袜等,没有复数形式,后面要接单数动词。

例如:We’re collecting food and clothing for the poor.

a piece of cloth一块布

a suit of clothes一套衣服

uniform clothing统一的制服

【考点5】cook

【考点精析】词性及词义,词形变化。

cook用作名词时意为“厨师”;作动词时意为“烹调,做饭”。例如:

He is a cook in a big restaurant.He cooks good meals.

【注】cooker不是指“做饭的人”,而指“厨具,炊具”。

【巧学妙计】Cooks like to cook with nice cookers.

【考点6】exercise

【考点精析】可数与不可数,固定搭配,用于单选、完形及英汉互译中考查。

exercise用作可数名词时意为“操练;练习,习题;做操”。

do morning/eye exercises 做早操/眼保健操。

exercise 用作不可数名词时意为“锻炼,运动”。

do/take exercise=do sports 做运动;锻炼身体。

exercise还可用动词,意为“锻炼;练习”。

—How often do you exercise?

—Two or three times a week.

【精讲精练】

【黑龙江齐齐哈尔】exercise you take, you will be.

A.The fewer;the fatter

B.The less;the fatter

C.The less;the more fatter

【答案】B

【考点7】experience

【考点精析】可数与不可数,词义辨析。

表示“经验、体验、阅历”,不可数;表示“经历、往事”,通常可数。

Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的老师。

He had many interesting experiences while travelling in Africa.他在非洲旅行时,有很多有趣的经历。

【拓展】experience in doing sth.做某事的经验。

【精讲精练】

【广东梅州】The customers are pleased with the of the restaurant.

A.balance

B.experience

C.surface

D.service

【答案】D

【考点8】family,house,home

【考点精析】1 词义辨析,用于单选、完形中考查。

family、house和home都与“家”有关,但所指对象和用法不同。

(1)family的意思是“家庭、家庭成员”,与居住的房子无关。例如:

Li Ming is the only child in his family.

(2)house的意思是“房屋、住宅”,指居住的建筑物。例如:

Therearemanynewhousesinourvillage.

(3)home的意思是“家”,主要指一个人出生或居住的地方,房屋是其中的一部分,因而也有“家乡、故乡”的意思,它具有house所没有的感情色彩(如“团聚”、“思念”等)。例如:EastorWest,homeisbest.

【巧学妙记】Mr.Smith has a family of three.They live in a big house.Now they are at home.

2home 的副词用法与family所接谓语的单复数。

(1)home还可用作副词,意为“到家;回家”。放在go,come,get,arrive,take,return等动词后时,其前不能再用to,at之类的介词。例如:

My father got home very late last night.

(2)family和class,police等词一样可用作集体名词,指“家庭全体成员”,作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。作为“家庭”整体看待时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:Mr.Richard’s family is very large.(单数)

My family are very well.(复数)

【精讲精练】

【四川绵阳】Sally considers Wuhan to be her second because she has lived here for

13 years.

A.family

B.house

C.home

D.room

【考点9】information,news,message

【考点精析】词义辨析,用于单选、完形中考查。

(1)information作“信息”解,通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中特别关注的消息、

情报、资料等。它侧重内容,是不可数名词。

(2)news作“新闻”解,一般指通过广播、电视、报纸等新闻媒体向大众发布的社会各方面

的最新消息,它侧重一个“新”字,是不可数名词。

(3)message作“音信”解,一般指口头传递的或书写的“消息”,是可数名词。

eg.They must find out some information about planes to Yunnan as quickly as possible.

No news is good news.

If I am wanted in the telephone,ask him to leave a message。

【精讲精练】

【呼和浩特】When Peter comes,please ask him to leave a .

A.notice

B.message

C.sentence

https://www.doczj.com/doc/9c9492711.html,rmation

【答案】B

【考点10】job与work

【考点精析】用于单选、完形中考查词义辨析、可数与不可数。

job意为“工作,零工”,为可数名词;work意为“工作”时,为不可数名词。

但work有动词词性,而job只能作名词。例如:

Now jobs are not easy to get,so you should work hard.

He works in a great shop.

【注】a piece of work 一份工作;a good job 一份好职业;do a good job 干得好。

【精讲精练】

【2010贵州铜仁】good job she does! She is really a clever girl.

A.What

B.How

C.What a

D.How a

【答案】C

【考点11】kind,type,sort

【考点精析】1 单选、完形中考查词义辨析。

(1)三个词都可以表示种类。其中kind侧重指有共同特征,性质相同或非常相似的事物,尤其指动物、植物、水果等生物界的同一类属,与sort相比较为正式。例如:An orange is a kind of fruit.橙子是一种水果。

(2)sort表示种类,可以与kind互换,但它侧重指大体相似或相近的事物,而且常常带有轻蔑或否定的意味,与kind相比较为口语化。例如:

She is not my sort of(a girl).她不是我喜欢的那种(女孩)。

(3)type也可表示种类,但它侧重指具体的类型,作“型号”、“式样”解。例如:

A new type of plane can be seen flying in the sky.可以看到天上飞着一架新型飞机。

2 常用短语和搭配,常用于单选、完形及英汉互译中考查。

kind of +adj.意为“有点”,相当于a little/a bit/a little bit。

many kinds of 意为“很多种……”; this/that kind of 意为“这/那一种”;different kinds of 意为“不同种类的”;all kinds of 意为“各种各样的”。

kind还可作形容词,be kind to sb./sth.意为“对某人/物友好”。相当于be friendly to sb./sth. 【精讲精练】

【湖北黄冈】—What bowl of noodles would you like,small,medium or large?

—A large bowl of beef noodles,please.

A.color

B.price

C.size

D.kind

【答案】C

【考点12】mind,idea,thought

【考点精析】词义辨析及固定搭配,用于单选、完形中。

这三个词都有“想法,观点”的意思,但用法却不尽相同:

mind用作名词时意为“头脑;注意力;思想,想法”,常用作不可数名词;

idea的基本意思是“想法,主意”,用作可数名词。thought意为“思考,思想;念头”,侧重于想法和见解。

thought还可指有系统的思想或思潮。

eg:My grandpa is ninety years old,but his mind is sharp.

It’s a good idea to hold the party outside the house.

Learn new culture,create new thought,found new idea and reach new success.

change one’s mind改变主意

keep in one’s mind 记住

never mind 没关系;不必担心

have an /no idea 没/有注意

good idea 好主意

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考16 定语从句(讲解)

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍—定语从句 【知识方法】 先行词:名词或代词 定语从句 关系代词 关系词 关系副词 【知识清单】 定语从句 知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点! 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、which、whose和关系副词where 、when,关系代词和关系副词是引导词,在定语从句中担当某一成份。 关系代词、副词作用先行词例句 that,who,whom(只做宾语) 主语 宾语 表语 人Do you know the girl who/that is standing under a tree? 你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?

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2017中考英语各类从句及考点

复合句的概念:由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。 宾语从句 一.概念:在句中起到宾语的作用。二.宾语从句在句中的位置: (1)作动词的宾语: 例:I heard that he joined the army. She did not know what had happened. (2) 作形容词的宾语 例:I am afraid that I have made a mistake. (3) 作介词的宾语 例:Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another. 三.常见考点分析: (一).连接词:1.引导陈述句用that(在口语或非正式文体中常常省略)。 2.引导一般疑问句用if 或whether。 注意:下列几种情况通常使用whether: (1).在具有选择意义又有or或or not 时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether; 例:I don’t know whether he will come back or not. (2).在介词之后用whether; 例:They are talking about whether he will win the game. Everything depends on whether you agree with us. 3.引导特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词。 (二). 语序:尤其要注意,宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序:即主语一定在谓语前面。 尤其要注意whether, if以及wh-(what, why…)疑问词引导的宾语从句的语序。例:She wants to know whether I like the film. Do you know why winter is colder than summer? (三). 时态:1.主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中主语不受主句位于时态的影响。例:She says that she will leave a message on his desk. She says that sh has never been to Beijing. 2.当主句谓语动词是过去时态时,从句中的时态一般为表示过去的某种时态(如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时) 例:He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. He said he was going to take care of the baby. 3.主句谓语动词是过去时

中考中考英语总复习名词专题练习

中考中考英语总复习名词专题练习 一、初中英语名词 1.——Canada is one of the largest______ in the world. ——That is, it is larger than ______ country in Asia. A. country; any other B. countries; any other C. countries; any 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:——加拿大是世界上最大的国家之一。——那就是,它比亚洲任何一个国家都大。one of the+最高级+名词复数,最……之一。根据结构及句意,故填countries。同一范围相比时不能自己和自己比较,所以用any other+名词单数;不同范围相比时可以和任意一个进行比较,所以用any+名词单数。加拿大不属于亚洲,所以填any,故选C。 2.(?徐州)My cousin works for an airline. He flies planes. He is __________. A. an inventor B. a scientist C. an explorer D. a pilot 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:我的表弟在航空公司工作。他驾驶飞机。他是一名飞行员。an inventor一个发明家;a scientist一名科学家;an explorer一名探险员;a pilot一名飞行员。根据句意可知在航空公司上班,而且又驾驶飞机的,应是飞行员,故选D。 【点评】此题考查关于职业的名词辨析,注意根据句意选择正确的职业。 3.(?黔南州)—There are a lot of ______ of bike riding. —I agree. It's good for environment and it saves money. A. products B. advantages C. instruments D. instructions 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:-骑车有许多好处。-我同意,对环境有好处而且省钱。A. products产品;B. advantages优点,好处;C. instruments乐器;D. instructions说明。有利于环境及省钱是骑车的优点、好处,故选B。 【点评】本题考查名词词义辨析,以及. products;advantages;instruments;instructions。四个词的词义和用法。 4.—Whose jackets are these? —They said they are______. They lost them yesterday. A. Ours B. Li Lei and Li Tao's C. Li Lei′s and Li Tao's 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:——这些是谁的夹克衫?——他们说是李雷和林涛的。他们昨天丢了。句中jackets是复数,说明夹克衫是李雷和林涛各自所有的,所以分别都要用所有

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中考英语专题复习一名词考点讲解和训练

中考英语专题复习一名词考点讲解和训练 The document was prepared on January 2, 2021

中考英语专题复习一:名词考点讲解和训练 【考点直击】 1.可数名词和不可数名词的用法; 2.名词所有格的构成及用法; 3.近义名词的辨析。 【名师点睛】 一、名词的数 1.单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下: (1)一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys, pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。 (2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:bus→buses,class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes。 (3)以ce, se, ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,例如:orange—oranges。 (4)以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如:city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数 形式只加s,如:boy→boys, day→days。 (5)以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,还有某些外来词也 只加-s,例如:photo→photos,piano→pianos。 (6)以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves, half→halves。 复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法如下表所示。 复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法 情况读法例词 在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后[s] cups, hats, cakes 在[s][z][t][][F]等音后[iz] g lasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在[b][d][][v]等浊辅音后[z] beds, dogs, cities, knives (7)少数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth, foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。 【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如:an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans;man, woman等作 定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:men workers, women teachers。 有个别名词单复数一样,例如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。但当fish表示 不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。 (8)单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people, police等。 (9)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。例如:ten-minutes’ walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。 (10)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,scissors,compasses。 (11)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有:

中考英语名词、代词专项练习题及答案

中考英语名词、代词专项练习题及答案 一、名词的数 Ⅰ. 单项选择 ( ) 1. At last the little boy came up with a(an) to help the poor man. A. information B. advice C. idea D. news ( ) 2. — Tom, can you help me find a new job? — Yes. Three are needed in our school. Would you like to have a try? A. men teacher B. men teachers C. man teachers D. man teacher ( ) 3. — What would you like to drink, my dear friends? —, please. A. Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffees C. Two cup of coffees D. Two cups of coffee ( ) 4. I hear that two and three are coming to our school this week. A. Japanese; German B. Japanese; Germen C. Japanese; Germans D. Japaneses; Germans ( ) 5. These people want to have some for supper, so they decided to catch now. A. fish; many B. fishes; much C. fish; much D. fishes; too much Ⅱ. 根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。 1. You should take more (锻炼). Don’t always sit at the table busy d oing your (练习). 2. There are lots of (土豆) in the basket. 3. I’ve heard of(两条) news about Han Han’s new magazine. 4. Look! The cat is running after two (老鼠). 5. When autumn comes, the (叶子) on the tree turn yellow. 【指点迷津】 名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数之分。 二、名词所有格 Ⅰ. 根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。 1. — Where have you been, Tim? —I’ve been to(亨利的家). 2. Are they going to have a picnic on (儿童节)? 3. This is (汤姆和蒂姆的房间). The twin brothers like it very much. 4. My home isn’t far from here. It’s only(十五分钟的) walk. 5. My brother has lots of friends. Mr Black is a friend of (我弟弟的). Ⅱ. 单项选择 ( ) 1. When we saw the film 2012, I sat between Ted and Ben. That is to say my seat

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