被动语态讲义
二、新课
1）重点
一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。
所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”再如：English is spoken by many people. 主语English 是动词speak的承受者。
二、五种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。
一般现在时构成：助动词be + 动词的过去分词例如：This kind of car is made in shanghai.
一般过去时构成：助动词was/were + 动词的过去分词例如：The bridge was built in 1992.
现在进行时构成：be + being + 动词的过去分词例如：A new bridge is being built in my hometown.
过去进行时构成：was/were + being + 动词的过去分词
一般将来时构成：will/be going to do + be + 动词的过去分词例如：These books are going to be posted tomorrow.
过去将来时构成：would/was(were )going to do + be + 动词的过去分词
现在完成时构成：助动词have/has + been + 动词的过去分词例如：Has his work been finished?
过去完成时构成：助动词had + been + 动词的过去分词
带有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 动词的过去分词例如：Can this walkman be repaired here?
例题一、
—Look! What a nice garden!—Yes. It every day.
A. is cleaned
B. has been cleaned
C. is being cleaned
D. was cleaned
（选A。考查一般现在时的被动语态）
2、—Who’s the little boy in the photo, Susan?—It’s me. This photo ten years ago.
A. takes
B. is taken
C. took
D. was taken
（选D。考查一般过去时的被动语态）
3、I’m sure the telephone before the car.
A. invented
B. is invented
C. was invented
D. is inventing
（选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态）
4、The telephone by Bell in 1876.
A. invent
B. invents
C. was inventing
D. was invented
（选D。考查一般过去时的被动语态）
5、Professor Yi Zhongtian to the Talk Show on CCTV -1 last weekend.
A. invites
B. invited
C. was invited
（选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态）
6、—How clean the window is!—Yes. It just now.
A. has been cleaned
B. was cleaned
C. is cleaned
D. will be cleaned
（选B。考查一般过去时的被动语态）
7、—People say the subway building in Harbin in a few years.
—Sounds . I have never seen it before.
A. will finish, interesting
B. is finished, interested
C. will be finished, interesting
（选C。考查一般将来时的被动语态）
8、—Some of the plastic bags can’t after June 1.
—Yes, people will use environmental bags instead.
A. use
B. be use
C. be used
D. are used
（选C。考查含情态动词的被动语态）
9、—There is a lot of wind in North China.
—Well, more trees every year to stop the wind.
A. must be planted
B. can planted
C. should planted
（选A。考查含情态动词的被动语态）
巩固练习一：
( ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found
B. was founded
C. is founded
D. was found
( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks
B. are spoken
C. is speaking
D. is spoken
( )3 This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings
B. often sang
C. is often sang
D. is often sung
( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used
B. are using
C. are used
D. have used
( ) 6 Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep
B. be kept
C. to be kept
D. to keep
( ) 7 -I'd like to buy that coat.-I'm sorry. ___.
A. it sold
B. it's selling
C. It's been sold
D. it had been sold
( )8 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building
B. is being built
C. been built
D. be building
( ) 9 The key ___ on the table when I leave.
A. was left
B. will be left
C. is left
D. has been left
( ) 10 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need
B. are needing
C. are needed
D. will need
( ) 11 His new book___ next month.
A. will be published
B. is publishing
C. is being published
D. has been published
答案：1-5 B D D D C 6-11 B C B B C A
难点-------主动语态变被动之歌：
被动语态强调宾，be后加上过去分。
Be要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。
行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引
巩固练习（二）
1. English in many countries.
A. is speak
B. is spoke
C. is spoken
D. is speaking
2. The trees in our school every Friday afternoon.
A. are watered
B. are watering
C. has watered
D. were watered
3. These words in everyday English.
A. are often used
B. used often
C. often are used
D. often use
4. History is made people.
A. from
B. in
C. of
D. by
5. You may watch TV as soon as your homework .
A. finishes
B. is finished
C. finished
D. will be finished
6. Old people must be looked after well and politely.
A. spoken to
B. speak to
C. spoken
D. speak
7. —Did you go to Jim’s birthday party?
—No, I _________
A. do not invite
B. wasn’t invited
C. haven’t invited
D. didn’t invite
8. The boy was often more than twelve hours a day.
A. made to work
B. made work
C. making to work
D. making work
9. About three quarters of our earth covered with water.
A. was
B. will be
C. are
D. is
10. The garden while the Greens was away for holiday.
A. took good care of
B. was taken good care of
C. was taken good care
D. was taking good care
11. The magazine mustn’t from the library.
A. take away
B. taken away
C. is taken away
D. be taken away
12. These young trees .
A. looked after well
B. are looked after well
C. are looked well after
D. look after well
13. —When the sports meeting ?
—Next week.
A. will, hold
B. will, be held
C. does, hold
D. is, held
14. The girl was seen the bike just now.
A. to fall off
B. to fall of
C. fell off
D. fall off
15. She was made for the lost book.
A. paid
B. to pay
C. pay
D. paying
16. The letter in French. I can’t read it.
A. is writing
B. is written
C. wrote
D. writes
17. The boy to get supper ready after school.
A. were told
B. is telling
C. was told
D. tells
18. —What’s that thing with three legs?
—It’s a cup. It for drinking in the old days.
A. uses
B. used
C. is used
D. was used
19. The old bridge hundreds of years ago.
A. is building
B. was built
C. build
D. was build
20. Another new school in our village in a year.
A. will be built
B. will build
C. build
D. was built
答案：. 1-5 CAADB 6-10 ABADB 11-15 DBBAB 16-20 BCDBA
3）易错点
一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态
We speak English. 主动语态
主语谓语宾语
English is spoken by us. 被动语态
口诀：宾变主,主变宾,前加by
主变被解题步骤:
1.找宾语----即动作的承受者
2. 2. 判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.
3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.
4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词
5.修改原句的主语----即by+ 主语/ 宾语.
例题：把下列各句改为被动语态
1. The children ate up all the apples.
All the apples up by the children.
2. Wang Ming mended the bike.
The bike by Wang Ming.
3. Li Lei gave me a new pen.
A new pen to me Li Lei.
I a new pen Li Lei.
4. People grow rice in South China.
Rice in South China.
5. They often clean their classroom after school.
Their classroom often by them after school.
答案. 1. were eaten 2. was mended 3 . was given, by; was given, by 4. is grown 5. is, cleaned
巩固练习（三）
一、把下列各句改为被动语态
6. Millions of people recite Li Bai’s poems year after year.
Li Bai’s poems millions of people.
7. You must hand in your history homework.
Your history homework .
8. Ma Li can answer all the questions in English.
All the questions Ma Li in English.
9. Parents should allow their children to make their own decision.
Children to make their own decision.
10. They will publish（出版）these storybooks next month.
These storybooks next month.
11.We’ll put on an English play in our school.
An English play __ __ ___ _ ____ _ on in our school.
12. We saw a lot of students playing there.
A lot of students playing there.
13. We heard them sing in the next room.
They in the next room.
14. The boss made the workers work all day.
The workers _____ _____ _____ work all day (by the boss).
答案：6. are recited by 7. must be handed in 8. can be answered by
9. should be allowed 10. will be published 11. will be put 12. were seen
13. were heard to sing 14. were made to
被动语态讲义(带答案)
被动语态讲义 二、新课 例题一、 —Look! What a nice garden!—Yes. It every day. A. is cleaned B. has been cleaned C. is being cleaned D. was cleaned （选A。考查一般现在时的被动语态） 2、—Who’s the little boy in the photo, Susan?—It’s me. This photo ten years ago. A. takes B. is taken C. took D. was taken （选D。考查一般过去时的被动语态） 3、I’m sure the telephone before the car. A. invented B. is invented C. was invented D. is inventing
（选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态） 4、The telephone by Bell in 1876. A. invent B. invents C. was inventing D. was invented （选D。考查一般过去时的被动语态） 5、 Professor Yi Zhongtian to the Talk Show on CCTV -1 last weekend. A. invites B. invited C. was invited （选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态） 6、—How clean the window is!—Yes. It just now. A. has been cleaned B. was cleaned C. is cleaned D. will be cleaned （选B。考查一般过去时的被动语态） 7、—People say the subway building in Harbin in a few years. —Sounds . I have never seen it before. A. will finish, interesting B. is finished, interested C. will be finished, interesting （选C。考查一般将来时的被动语态） 8、—Some of the plastic bags can’t after June 1. —Yes, people will use environmental bags instead. A. use B. be use C. be used D. are used （选C。考查含情态动词的被动语态） 9、—There is a lot of wind in North China. —Well, more trees every year to stop the wind. A. must be planted B. can planted C. should planted （选A。考查含情态动词的被动语态） 巩固练习一： ( ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
语法专练---被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式 的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many p eople speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的 构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten 一般过去时：was／were＋eaten 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋eaten 过去将来时：would/should/be going to be＋eaten 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋eaten 过去进行时：was／were being＋eaten 现在完成时：have／has been＋eaten 过去完成时：had been＋eaten 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. ---- He was laughed at by all people. They make t he bikes in the factory. ----The bikes are made b y them in the factory.
初中被动语态详细讲 解
语法专练---被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被 字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形 式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例 如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的 构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten 一般过去时：was／were＋eaten 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋eaten 过去将来时：would/should/be going to be＋eaten 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋eaten 过去进行时：was／were being＋eaten 现在完成时：have／has been＋eaten 过去完成时：had been＋eaten 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电 脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保 证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语 就够了） 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的 形式)。
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： Many people speak English．（主动语态） English is spoken by many people．（被动语态） 1．被动语态的构成 由于不及物动词不能带宾语，故无被动语态，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态，其基本构成方式是“助动词be＋过去分词”。 注意：“be＋过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态，有些动词（如be，feel，look，seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，用作表语表示状态。如： My bike is broken．（我的自行车坏了。） The door is open．（门开了。） 2．主动语态改被动语态的方法 1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。 2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。如：He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．） Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．） 3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如： They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning． 4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如： We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang． He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short． They told him to help me．→He was told to help me． 5）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如： We must take good care of the young trees．→The young trees must be taken good care of． 6）含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如： People believe that he is ill．→It is believed that he is ill．（或：He is believed to be ill．） 3．被动语态改为主动语态的方法： 被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语（或按题意要求确定主语），按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如： History is made by the people．The people make history． 4．不能用于被动语态的情况 1）某些表示“静态”的及物动词（表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have，fit，suit，hold（容纳），cost，suffer，last（持续）等不能用于被动语态。如： They have a nice car．他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。 My shoes don't fit me．我的鞋不合适。 My brain can't hold so much information at one time．我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。 How much／What does it cost这值多少钱 Our holiday lasts 10days．我们的假期有十天。 This food will last（them）（for）3days．这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天。 2）不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态，若不构成成语动词则无被动态。试比较：
被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten 一般过去时：was／were＋eaten 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋eaten 过去将来时：would/should/be going to be＋eaten 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋eaten 过去进行时：was／were being＋eaten 现在完成时：have／has been＋eaten 过去完成时：had been＋eaten 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. ---- He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. ----The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 五、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”。例如： we can repair this watch in two days. --This watch can be repaired in two days. We must finish this work soon. --This work must be done soon. 六、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题. （1）时态保持一致。I have repaired my computer.---My computer has been repaired. （2）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。 His best friend often looks after him. --He is often looked after by his best friend.
??被动语态概念、结构、用法 语态分为两种：___________和___________ 主语为谓语动作的_________是_________； 主语为谓语动作的_________是_________。 被动语态的基本结构______________________ 被动语态中谓语动词一定要是_______动词 eg: The workers make machines in the factory. Machines are made by the workers in the fatory. ??主动语态变为动语态的步骤 四步走:第一步，找到主动语态的“主谓宾”成分 第二步，将主谓语动作的承受者(宾语)放句首作主语 第三步，将主动语态的谓语动词改写成be done 的形式第四步，将谓语动词的执行者放在by 的后面 ??不同时态下被动语态的基本结构 基本结构：__________________ 不同时态下被动语态的结构 一般现在被动态：_________________________ 一般过去被动态：_________________________ 一般将来被动态：_________________________ 现在进行被动态：_________________________ 过去进行被动态：_________________________ 情态被动态：_________________________ 【知识点睛】 八年级下册英语被动语态拔高课
??被动语态概念、结构、用法 ()1.—_______the Internet _______in your school? —Yes,but the computer in our office has broken down. A ．Is ；used B ．Is ；using C ．Does ；use D ．Has ；used ( )2.—What do you think of my shirt?It ______cotton. —It looks nice on you. A ．is made in B ．is made for C ．is made of D ．is made by ??主动语态变为动语态的步骤 1. Farmers in Kaifeng grow garlic(大蒜)every year.Garlic ______________by farmers in Kaifeng every year.2. The students clean the classroom every day.The classroom ______________by the students every day.3. My English teacher often helps me.I______often _______by my English teacher.4. Tom cleans the room every morning.(改为被动语态)_______________________________________________5. The students plant trees in spring.(改为被动语态)_______________________________________________6. The panda eats leaves.(改为被动语态)_______________________________________________7. Mr.Wang teaches English in our school.(改为被动语态)_______________________________________________8. My mom washes clothes every day.(改为被动语态)_______________________________________________9.每年很多树都会被种植。(plant)(翻译句子) _______________________________________________ 10.她的钱包被偷了。(steal)(翻译句子) _______________________________________________11.面包被她女儿吃了。(翻译句子 ) 【精讲精练】
被动语态语法讲解 被动语态的用法： 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 is / am / are + 及物 动词 的过去分 词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. was / were + 及物 动词 的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. has / have + been + 及物 动词 的 过去分 词 This book has been translated into many Ian guages. 4. 过去完成 时的被 动语态：had been + 及物动词 的过去分词The dish had been eaten up when I got there. 5. 一般将来时 的被动语态:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city. 6. 含有情 态动词 的被 动语态：情态动词+ be + 及物动词 的过去分词You ng trees must be watered often. 7. 现在进行时的被动语态：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 8.不定式的被 动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be pla nted. 二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态？ 把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几 个步骤： 1.先找出谓语动词； 2.再找出谓语动词后的宾语； 3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语； 4.注意人称、时态和数的变化。 例: 1. Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is writte n by Bruce every week. 三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题： 1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 What will happen in 100 years. 2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被 动意义。This pen writes well. His novel sells well. 他的小说畅销。 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to 的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。 例: make somebody do something someb ody+ be +made to do something 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是 由与其搭配的动词 决定 He gave me a book. A book was given to me by him. 5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能 丢掉其中的介 词或副词。 We can' t laugh at him. He can ' t be laugh at by us. 一、 以下不及物 动词或动词短语无被动语态： appear, die ,disappear, end, fail, happe n, last, lie, rema in, break out, come true, fall asleep, take place. 比较 : rise, fall, happen 是不及物 动词;raise, seat 是及物 动词。 (令错)The price has bee n rise n. (对)The price has rise n. (令错)The price has raised. (对)The price has bee n raised. 二、 不能用于被 动语态的及物动词或动词短语： fit, marry, own, wish, cost,agree with, arrive at / in, succeed in, happen to, take part in, belong to 三、 系动词无被动语态： appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, rema in, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 1) It sounds good. 2) The steel feels cold 3) The method proved (to be ) effective. 四、 带同源宾语的及物动词(dream, live, life)，反身代 词(oneself)，相互代词(each other)，不能用于被 动语态: She dreamed a bad dream last night. He lives a p 五、 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被 动语态。 (对)She likes to swim. 作错)To swim is liked by her. 1. 一般现在时的被动语态 2. 一般过去时的被动语态 3. 现在完成时的被动语态
高中英语复习测试题-被动语态讲解及练习 （一）语态分类：英语动词分主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 Tom （执） cleans （谓动）the room （承） every day. （主动） The room （承）is cleaned （谓动） by Tom （执） every day. （被动） 被动语态结构： 助动词 be + 动词的过去分词 done ， 即 be done ， 常译为 被”、给”、由”、受”等词用来表示被动关系。 （二） 被动语态的用法 （1） 动作的执行者很明显。这时往往不用 by 短语。 Some skills are taught in our computer less ons. （2） 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new computers were stole n last ni ght. （3） 突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用 by 短语。 The wi ndow was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 （三） 被动语态的时态变化：通过助动词 be 的各种时态变化来体现， done 不变。注意主语的单、复数变化。 以do 为例，掌握下列时态的被动结构，形式变化如下： 1.一般现在时： am / is / are + done 2 ?—般过去时： was / were + done 3.—般将来时： shall / will + be done am/is/are going to be done 4.现在完成时： have / has + bee n + done 5.情态动词： can/may/must/should/have to be done 以下时态的被动语态作一般了解： 现在进行时： am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时： was / were + being + done 过去完成时：had + bee n + done 过去将来时：should / would + be done My aunt in vited me to her dinner party. 执行者 动词 承受者 was in vited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. （四）主动语态变被动语态的方法 I
被动语态 一、概念： 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。 二、主动句变为被动句的步骤： 1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语 2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。 3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。 4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。 三、被动语态的用法： 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 We clean our classroom every day. My mother asks me to study hard. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted. 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词 不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动 语态时，须加上to 。例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语作被动语态句子的主语。使用直接宾语(物)作主语时，要在动词后加上介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book. →A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket. →A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
被动语态 一、考点、热点回顾 【词汇辨析】 1. across, through 穿过 across指从一定范围的一边到另一边。动作是在物体的表面进行。常用于横穿街道、河流，穿过桥梁等。eg across the bridge.他们步行走过了这座桥。 through侧重从物体的内部空间穿过，动作是在物体内部进行。常用于门、窗户、森林等。 eg: He walks through the park. 他步行穿过公园。 2. ill，sick 生病的”。 ill 只在系动词后作表语eg: Her mother was ill in bed. 5 sick 既可作表语eg: Her mother was sick in bed. . I 也可作定语eg: Jane is taking care of her sick mother. 若ill作定语，译为坏的，恶劣的” eg: an ill person —个坏人 sick作表语时也常译为恶心的，想吐的“ eg:The boy always feels sick whe n he travels by car. 【固定搭配】动词+名词/代词/副词+介词 make room for 给.....腾出地方eg: We can make room for her at this table. play a joke on 戏弄人；对人恶作居U eg: We can 'play a joke on law. speak highly of 称赞eg: The customs speak highly of their quality of service . say good bye to 告另U; 告辞eg:I don't want to say good bye to them. take an active part in 积极参力口eg: They take an active part in school activities. take care of 照顾；照料；注意eg: Could you take care of my plants while rm on vacation? 【被动语态】 （一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 例如：Many people speak Chin ese. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English 是动词speak 的承受者。 （二）被动语态的构成 被动语态由|助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”|构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：am / is/ are + spoke n 一般过去时：was/ were + spoke n 一般将来时：will / shall be + spoken 现在进行时：am / is/ are being + spoke n 过去进行时：was/were being + spoke n 现在完成时：have/ has bee n+ spoke n 过去完成时：had bee n + spoke n :They walk 现以speak
英语被动语态讲解 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 一、被动语态的构成 英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致，并有时态的变化。例如：The man was fooled by the two boys. The book has been translated into several languages. 二、被动语态的用法 （1）动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如： Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. The new test book will be used next term. （2）当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。例如： This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop. The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday. （3）含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to 或for。 例如：The pianist gave the pupils(间接宾语)some advice(直接宾语) →The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.→Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist. (4)在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。 例如：The boss made them work ten hours a day. →They were made to work ten hours a day. A boy saw him enter the house. →He was seen to enter the house. 三、被动语态的时态 教材中出现了四种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。 一般现在时构成：助动词be + 动词的过去分词例如：This kind of car is made in shanghai. 一般过去时构成：助动词was/were + 动词的过去分词例如：The bridge was built in 1992. 现在进行时构成：be + being + 动词的过去分词例如：A new bridge is being built in my hometown. 一般将来时构成：will/be going to do + be + 动词的过去分词例如：These books are going to be posted tomorrow. 带有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 动词的过去分词例如：Can this walkman be repaired here? ※主动语态改为被动语态的步骤： ①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语； ②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态； ③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。 主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种： ①把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语 ②把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词（通常是介词for或to)。 在短语see sb. do sth. 中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see, hear,watch,find等，以及使役动词make, let等。