2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析

07年英语一考研真题2007年英语一考研真题是一份重要的备考资料，对考生来说具有很大的参考价值。

通过分析该份真题可以了解到考研英语的题型特点，同时也可以进行针对性的复习。

本文将对2007年英语一考研真题进行解析和分析，帮助考生更好地备考。

一、解析2007年英语一考研真题一共包含了五个部分，分别是完形填空、阅读理解、判断推理、概括大意和填空题。

在这五个部分中，每个部分都有不同的题型和要求。

完形填空部分是一篇短文，需要考生根据短文内容选择最合适的单词或短语来填空。

在阅读理解部分，一共有五个阅读材料，每个材料后面都有几个相关问题需要考生回答。

判断推理部分是一篇短文，需要考生判断给定的陈述是正确、错误还是无法判断。

概括大意部分需要考生根据给定的文章内容概括出主要要点。

填空题需要考生根据给定的句子，从括号中选择最合适的单词填入。

二、分析通过对2007年英语一考研真题的解析，我们可以发现该真题考察了考生的词汇量、阅读理解能力、推理能力、概括能力等。

在解答这些问题时，考生需要具备一定的英语基础知识和语言运用能力。

对于完形填空部分，考生需要掌握一定的常见词汇和短语，能够根据上下文的语境选择最合适的单词填空。

阅读理解部分需要考生具备较强的阅读理解能力，能够理解文章的主旨、细节和推理过程。

判断推理部分需要考生具备较强的逻辑思维和推理能力，能够判断给定的陈述是正确还是错误。

概括大意部分需要考生具备较强的归纳和概括能力，能够从文章中概括出主要要点。

填空题需要考生对单词的意义和用法有一定的了解，能够选择最合适的单词填入。

综上所述，对于考生来说，备考中需要注重各项英语能力的培养和提升。

可以通过扩充词汇量、多读多练来提高阅读理解能力，通过逻辑思维的训练来提高推理能力，通过总结归纳来提高概括能力。

此外，还可以通过刷真题、模拟考试等方式进行有针对性的复习，掌握各个题型的解题技巧和应对策略。

三、总结2007年英语一考研真题是一份重要的备考资料，对于备战考研的考生来说具有很大的参考价值。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题预测试卷一Section I Use of EnglishPart ADirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)The basic function of money is the enable buying to be separated from selling, thus permitting trade to take place without the so called double coincidence of barter. If a person has something to sell and wants something else 1 return, it is not necessary to search for someone able and 2to make the desired exchange of items. The person can sell the 3 item for general purchasing power—that is, “money”—to anyone who wants to buy it and then use the proceeds to buy the desired item from anyone who wants to sell it.The importance of this function of money is 4 illustrated by the experience of Germany just after World War Ⅱ, 5 paper money was 6 largely useless because, despite inflationary conditions, price controls were effectively 7 by the American, French, and British armies of occupation. People had to8 to barter or to inefficient money substitutes. The result was to cut total output of the economy in half. The German “economic miracle” just after 1948 reflected partly a currency reform by the occupation authorities, 9 some economists hold that it stemmed primarily from the German government’s 10 of all price controls, 11 permitting a money economy to 12 a barter economy.13 of the act of sale from the act of purchase 14 the existence of something that will be generally accepted in payment—this is the “15 of exchange” function of money. But there must also be something that can serve as a 16 abode of purchasing power, in which the seller holds the proceeds in the interim 17 the first sale and the 18 purchase, or from which the buyer can 19the general purchasing power with which to pay 20 what is bought. This is the “asset” function of money.1. ［A］on ［B］in ［C］by ［D］for2. ［A］capable ［B］likely ［C］desirable ［D］willing3. ［A］excess ［B］extra ［C］surplus ［D］ample4. ［A］dramatically ［B］urgently ［C］faithfully ［D］incidentally5. ［A］when ［B］before ［C］since ［D］until6. ［A］developed ［B］reserved ［C］rendered ［D］imagined7. ［A］encouraged ［B］enlarged ［C］endured ［D］enforced8. ［A］conform ［B］resort ［C］commit ［D］gear9. ［A］and ［B］but ［C］therefore ［D］however10. ［A］deprivation ［B］stimulation ［C］elimination ［D］restriction11. ［A］thereby ［B］therefore ［C］then ［D］while12. ［A］alternate ［B］establish ［C］substitute ［D］replace13. ［A］Introduction ［B］Specification ［C］Representation ［D］Separation14. ［A］assumes ［B］requires ［C］focuses ［D］undertakes15. ［A］medium ［B］function ［C］role ［D］nature16. ［A］fashionable ［B］favorable ［C］temporary ［D］token17. ［A］both ［B］for ［C］between ［D］after18. ［A］consequent ［B］relevant ［C］inadequate ［D］subsequent19. ［A］execute ［B］extract ［C］exceed ［D］exchange20. ［A］for ［B］off ［C］back ［D］inSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Two related paradoxes also emerge from the same basic conception of the aesthetic experience. The first was given extended consideration by Hegel, who argued roughly as follows: our sensuous attention and that gives to the work of art its peculiar individuality. Because it addresses itself to our sensory appreciation, the work of art is essentially concrete, to be understood by an act of perception rather than by a process of discursive thought.At the same time, our understanding of the work of art is in part intellectual; we seek in it a conceptual content, which it presents to us in the form of an idea. One purpose of critical interpretation is to expound this idea in discursive form—to give the equivalent of the content of the work of art in another, nonsensuous idiom. But criticism can never succeed in this task, for, by separating the content from the particular form, it abolishes its individuality. The content presented then ceases to be the exact content of that work of art. In losing its individuality, the content loses its aesthetic reality; it thus ceases to be a reason for attending to the particular work and that first attracted our critical attention. It cannot be this that we saw in the original work and that explained its power over us.For this content, displayed in the discursive idiom of the critical intellect, is no more than a husk, a discarded relic of a meaning that eluded us in the act of seizing it. If the content is to be the true object of aesthetic interest, it must remain wedded to its individuality: it cannot be detached from its “sensuous embodiment” without being detached from itself. Content is, therefore, inseparable from form and form in turn inseparable from content. (It is the form that it is only by virtue of the content that it embodies.)Hegel’s argument is the archetype of many, all aimed at showing that it is both necessary to distinguish form from content and also impossible to do so. This paradox may be resolved by rejecting either of its premises, but, as with Kant’s antinomy, neither premise seems dispensable. To suppose that content and form are inseparable is, in effect, to dismiss both ideas as illusory, since no two works of art can then share either a content or a form-the form being definitive of each work’s individuality.In this case, no one could ever justify his interest in a work of art by reference to its meaning. The intensity of aesthetic interest becomes a puzzling, and ultimately inexplicable, feature of our mental life. If, on the other hand, we insist that content and form are separable, we shall never be able to find, through a study of content, the reason for attending to the particular work of art that intrigues us. Every work of art stands proxy for its paraphrase. An impassable gap then opens between aesthetic experience and its ground, and the claim that aesthetic experience is intrinsically valuable is thrown in doubt.21. Hegel argued that .［A］it is our sensuous appreciation that gives peculiar individuality to the work of art［B］it is the content of the work of art that holds our attention［C］the work of art cannot be understood without a process of logical thinking［D］the form of the work of art is what our sensuous appreciation concentrates on22. It can be inferred from this passage that .［A］the paradox that it is both necessary to distinguish form content and also impossible to do so cannot be resolved by rejecting its premises［B］both content and form of the work of art are illusory［C］the content and form of the work of art are separable［D］aesthetic experience is not intrinsically valuable23. Which of the following is NOT what Hegel believed?［A］The content and form of the work of art cannot be separated from each other.［B］The content of the work of art is always the true object of aesthetic interest.［C］The content presented without any individuality is not the content of the work of art.［D］The content understood by means of a process of discursive thought is no more than a husk.24. Premises that are related to each other seems to be dispensable because .［A］Kant thinks they are indispensable［B］either of them can resolve the paradox［C］the premises are separated［D］the premises can account for the theory25. This passage is mainly about .［A］the sensuous appreciation of art［B］the basic conception of the aesthetic experience［C］how to appreciate the work of art［D］the relationship between form and content of the work of artText 2Every country with a monetary system of its own has to have some kind of market in which dealers in bills, notes, and other forms of short term credit can buy and sell. The“money market”is a set of institutions or arrangements for handling what might be called wholesale transactions in money and short term credit. The need for such facilities arises in much the same way that a similar need does in connection with the distribution of any of the products of a diversified economy to their final users at the retail level. If the retailer is to provide reasonably adequate service to his customers, he must have active contacts with others who specialize in making or handling bulk quantities of whatever is his stock in trade. The money market is made up of specialized facilities of exactly this kind. It exists for the purpose of improving the ability of the retailers of financial services—commercial banks, savings institutions, investment houses, lending agencies, and even governments—to do their job. It has little if any contact with the individuals or firms who maintain accounts with these various retailers or purchase their securities or borrow from them.The elemental functions of a money market must be performed in any kind of modern economy, even one that is largely planned or socialist, but the arrangements in socialist countries do not ordinarily take the form of a market. Money markets exist in countries that use market processes rather than planned allocations to distribute most of their primary resources among alternative uses. The general distinguishing feature of a money market is that it relies upon open competition among those who are bulk suppliers of funds at any particular time and among those seeking bulk funds, to work out the best practicable distribution of the existing total volume of such funds.In their market transactions, those with bulk supplies of funds or demands for them, rely on groups of intermediaries who act as brokers or dealers. The characteristics of these middlemen, the services they perform, and their relationship to other parts of the financial vary widely from country to country. In many countries there is no single meeting place where the middlemen get together, yet in most countries the contacts among all participants are sufficiently open and free to assure each supplier or user of funds that he will get or pay a price that fairly reflects all of the influences (including his own) that are currently affecting the whole supply and the whole demand. In nearly all cases, moreover, the unifying force of competition is reflected at any given moment in a common price (that is, rate of interest) for similar transactions. Continuous fluctuations in the money market rates of interest result from changes in the pressure of available supplies of funds upon the market and in the pull of current demands upon the market.26. The first paragraph is mainly about .A. the definition of money marketB. the constitution of a money marketC. the basic functions of a money marketD. the general feature of a money market27. According to this passage, the money market .A. provides convenient services to its customersB. has close contact with the individuals or firms seeking fundsC. maintains accounts with various retailers of financial servicesD. is made up of institutions who specialize in handling wholesale monetary transactions28. Which of the following statements concerning money market is not true according to this passage?A. Money market does not exist in planned economies.B. Money market has been established in some socialist countries.C. Money market encourages open competition among bulk suppliers of funds.D. Money market relies upon market processes to distribute funds to final users.29. The author uses the example of middleman to show .A. market transactions are important in different countriesB. dealers are needed in doing businessC. middlemen can play great role in different transactions and different countries.D. middlemen in different countries have different actions in business.30. According to this passage, .A. brokers usually perform the same kinds of services to their customersB. brokers have little contact with each otherC. open competition tends to result in a common price for similar transactions at any given momentD. changes in the pressure of available supplies of funds upon market tends to maintain a common price forsimilar transactionsText 3Environmental issues raise a host of difficult ethical questions, including the ancient one of the nature of intrinsic value. Whereas many philosophers in the past have agreed that human experiences have intrinsic value and the utilitarians at least have always accepted that the pleasures and pains of nonhuman animals are of some intrinsic significance, this does not show why it is so bad if dodos become extinct or a rain forest is cut down. Are these things to be regretted only because of the loss to humans or other sentient creatures? Or is there more to it than that? Some philosophers are now prepared to defend the view that trees, rivers, species (considered apart from the individual animals of which they consist), and perhaps ecological systems as a whole have a value independent of the instrumental value they may have for humans or other sentient creatures.Our concern for the environment also raises the question of our obligations to future generations. How much do we owe to the future? From a social contract view of ethics or for the ethical egoist, the answer would seem to be: nothing. For we can benefit them, but they are unable to reciprocate. Most other ethical theories, however, do give weight to the interests of coming generations. Utilitarians, for one, would not think that the fact that members of future generations do not exist yet is any reason for giving less consideration to their interests than we give to our own, provided only that we are certain that they will exist and will have interests that will be affected by what we do. In the case of, say, the storage of radioactive wastes, it seems clear that what we do will indeed affect the interests of generations to come.The question becomes much more complex, however, when we consider that we can affect the size of future generations by the population policies we choose and the extent to which we encourage large or small families. Most environmentalists believe that the world is already dangerously overcrowded. This may well be so, but thenotion of overpopulation conceals a philosophical issue that is ingeniously explored by Derek Parfit in Reasons and Persons (1984). What is optimum population? Is it that population size at which the average level of welfare will be as high as possible? Or is it the size at which the total amount of welfare—the average multiplied by the number of people—is as great as possible? Both answers lead to counterintuitive outcomes, and the question remains one of the most baffling mysteries in applied ethics.31. The first paragraph is mainly about .［A］the intrinsic value of human experiences［B］the intrinsic value of the experiences of nonhuman animals［C］the intrinsic value of ecological system as a whole［D］an ancient ethical question about the nature of intrinsic value32. , we owe nothing to the future generations.［A］In the author’s opinion［B］From a social contrast view of ethics［C］For a utilitarian［D］For most environmentalists33. Population policy we take should be considered .［A］positive ［B］negative ［C］complex ［D］reasonable34. According to this passage, optimum population .［A］refers to the population size at which the average level of welfare will be as high as possible［B］refers to the population size at which the total amount of welfare will be as great as possible［C］is a difficult philosophical issue which remains to be resolved in the future［D］is a difficult philosophical issue which Derek Parfit has successfully settled in Reasons and Persons35. The proper title for this passage should be .［A］A Mystery in Applied Ethics［B］Our Obligations to Future Generations［C］Environmental Ethics［D］Environmental issuesText 4Perhaps only a small boy training to be a wizard at the Hogwarts school of magic could cast a spell so powerful as to create the biggest book launch ever. Wherever in the world the clock strikes midnight on June 20th, his followers will flock to get their paws on one of more than 10m copies of “Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix”. Bookshops will open in the middle of the night and delivery firms are drafting in extra staff and bigger trucks. Related toys, games, DVDs and other merchandise will be everywhere. There will be no escaping Pottermania.Yet Mr Potter’s world is a curious one, in which things are often not what they appear. While an excitable media (hereby including The Economist, happy to support such a fine example of globalisation) is helping to hype the launch of J.K. Rowling’s fifth novel, about the most adventurous thing that the publishers (Scholastic in America and Britain’s Bloomsbury in English elsewhere) have organised is a reading by Ms Rowling in London’s Royal Albert Hall, to be broadcast as a live webcast. Hollywood, which owns everything else to do with Harry Potter, says it is doing even less. Incredible as it may seem, the guardians of the brand say that, to protect the Potter franchise, they are trying to maintain a low profile. Well, relatively low.Ms Rowling signed a contract in 1998 with Warner Brothers, part of AOL Time Warner, giving the studio exclusive film, licensing and merchandising rights in return for what now appears to have been a steal: some $500,000. Warner licenses other firms to produce goods using Harry Potter characters or images, from which Ms Rowling gets a big enough cut that she is now wealthier than the queen—if you believe Britain’s Sunday Times rich list.The process is self generating: each book sets the stage for a film, which boosts book sales, which lifts sales of Potter products.Globally, the first four Harry Potter books have sold some 200m copies in 55 languages; the two movies have grossed over $1.8 billion at the box office. This is a stunning success by any measure, especially as Ms Rowling has long demanded that Harry Potter should not be over commercialised. In line with her wishes, Warner says it is being extraordinarily careful, at least by Hollywood standards, about what it licenses and to whom. It imposed tough conditions on Coca Cola, insisting that no Harry Potter images should appear on cans, and is now in the process of making its licensing programme even more restrictive. Coke may soon be considered too mass market to carry the brand at all.The deal with Warner ties much of the merchandising to the films alone. There are no officially sanctioned products relating to “Order of the Phoenix”; nor yet for “Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban”, the film of the third book, which is due out in June 2004. Warner agrees that Ms Rowling’s creation is a different sort of commercial property, one with long-term potential that could be damaged by a typical Hollywood marketing blitz, says Diane Nelson, the studio’s global brand manager for Harry Potter. It is vital, she adds, that with more to come, readers of the books are not alienated. “The evidence from our market research is that enthusiasm for the propert y by fans is not waning.”36. When the author says “there will be no escaping Potter mania”, he implies that .［A］Harry Potter’s appeal for the readers is simply irresistible［B］it is somewhat irrational to be so crazy about the magic boy［C］craze about Harry Potter will not be over in the near future［D］Hogwarts school of magic will be the biggest attraction world over37. Ms Rowling’s reading in London’s Royal Albert Hall is mentioned to show .［A］publishers are really adventurous in managing the Potter’s business［B］businesses are actually more credible than media in Potter’s world［C］the media are promoting Pottermania more actively than Hollywood［Ｄ］businesses involved with Potter are moving along in an unusual way38. The author believes that .［A］Britain’s Sunday Times rich list is not very convincing as it sounds［B］Time Warner’s management of licenses is a bit over commercialised［C］other firms may produce goods using Harry Potter images at will［D］what Ms Rowling got in return for her offering to Warner is a real bargain39. Paragraph 4 intends mainly to show Warner’s .［A］determination to promote Potter［B］consistence in conducting busines［C］high regard for Ms Rowling’s request［D］careful restrictions on licensing to Coco-Cola40. It can be concluded from the last paragraph that .［A］products of Potter films have brought enormous profits to Warner［B］current Hollywood’s marketing of Potter may damage its potential［C］readers could get tired of Ms Rowling’s writings sooner or later［D］Warner will maintain the same strategy with Potter in futurePart BSample 1Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)．Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. (41) Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ 60 percent of the workforce and expected to generate half of all new jobs between now and the year 2,000.(42)Too many of these pioneers, however, will blaze ahead unprepared. Idealists will overestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. (43). Midcareer executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may save the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also. at least for a while, be bookkeepers and receptionists, too.(44) By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start ups, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. Most credited their success in large part to having picked a business they already were comfortable in Eighty percent had worked with the same product or service in their last jobs.Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviously critical.(45) you must tenderly monitor its pulse, in their zeal, to expand. Small business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or of decaying profitability. They hopefully four more and more into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that means the market for their ingenious service or product has evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices.To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer the new markets, add products or perhaps franchise your hot ideas.［A］Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save.［B］But many entrepreneurs forget that a firm’s health in its infancy may be little indication of how well it will age .［C］Frequent checks of your firm’s vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth.［D］Some 1.2 million small forms have opened their doors over the past 6 years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own.［E］According to small Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to disappear in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now.［F］But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economy’s vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and are factories.［G］Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requiresSample 2Directions:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragrphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)［A］Chaste women are often proud and froward, as presuming upon the merit of their chastity. It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity and obedience, in the wife, if she think her husband wise; which she will never do, if she find him jealous.［B］He that has wife and children has given hostages to fortune; for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief. Certainly the best works, and of greatest merit for the public, have proceeded from the unmarried or childless men; which both in affection and means, have married and endowed the public. Yet it were great reason that those that have children, should have greatest care of future times; unto which they know theymust transmit their dearest pledges.［C］Certainly wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity; and single men, though they may be many times more charitable, because their means are less exhaust, yet, on the other side, they are more cruel and hardhearted (good to make severe inquisitors), because their tenderness is not so oft called upon. Grave natures, led by custom, and therefore constant, are commonly loving husbands, as was said of Ulysses。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题文章翻译Section I Use of English到1830 年,前西班牙和葡萄牙的殖民地变成了独立的国家。

大约2000万居民满怀信心地展望未来。

出生于旧的社会政体和伊比利亚殖民主义的危机之中，许多独立的国家领导人共享的信念包括成立民选政府、人尽其材、商业和贸易自由、拥有私有财产的权利，并且相信个人是社会的基础。

人们普遍认为新的国家应该是主权国家以及独立的国家，国家足够强大有经济实力能存活下去并且有一套共同的法律所控制。

然而，在宗教自由和教会地位的问题上，领导人之间的观点就不那么一致了。

罗马天主教一直是国教，并且是西班牙国王允许的唯一宗教。

大部分领导人要求维持天主教作为新国家的正式宗教，而另一些人却要设法结束其他信仰被排斥的局面。

保护教会成了保守势力的战斗口号。

早期的独立领导人的理想通常是平等主义，把一切事物看作是平等的。

玻利瓦尔曾接受过海地的援助并且作为回报承诺在他解放的地区废除农奴制。

到1854 年，除了西班牙残存的殖民地以外，农奴制已经被废除。

先前做出的结束印第安人进贡和停止向混合血统人征税的承诺变得越来越难以实施，因为这些国家仍然需要这些政策产生的财政收入。

因为害怕大多数人民还没准备好自治和民主，这些平等主义观点经常被缓和了。

Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1如果你查一下2006 年世界杯足球赛参赛队员的出生证明，你会发现一个令人注目的奇怪现象：杰出的足球队员大多出生于一年的前几个月而不是后几个月。

如果你再仔细观察一下为世界杯和著名职业球队培养队员的欧洲国家青年队，你会发现这一现象更加突出。

是什么原因导致了这种奇怪现象的发生呢？人们有如下猜测：a) 某些星座的人被赐予优秀的足球才能；b)冬天出生的孩子吸氧能力更强，踢足球的耐力好；c)热衷于足球的夫妇更可能在春季怀孕，因为此时是足球热的高潮；d)以上观点都不对。

2007年GCT工程硕士（英语）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary and Structure 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Dialogue CompletionPart I V ocabulary and StructureDirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1．Living things can sense and ______ changes in their surroundings.A．decide onB．make upC．lead toD．respond to正确答案：D解析：decide on意思为”决定”；make up意思为”弥补”；lead to意思为”导致”；respond to意思为”应对”。

请注意本句话中第一个动词sense与第二个动词的并列对应关系。

只有D选项符合本句话的语境，全句意思为”生物能够感应并应对周围环境的变化”。

2．Some persons ______ fishing simply for fun.A．makeB．enjoyC．seekD．feel正确答案：B解析：本句话的关键考点为非谓语动词的正确搭配，只有B选项的enjoy能与后面的动名词fishing搭配。

3．In space, ______ and equipment need many forms of protection.A．pilotsB．engineersC．astronautsD．scientists正确答案：C解析：本句话的关键是正确理解语境信息In space(在太空)，只有C选项的astronauts(宇航员)与前面的语境(在太空)有直接联系。

北京外国语大学硕士研究生入学考试历年真题系列- 2007年英语学院基础英语试题及参考答案北京外国语大学2007年硕士研究生入学考试基础英语试题Please w rite all the ans w ers on the ans w er sheets.Tim e Limit：3 hoursThe total points for this exam are 150 pointsI. Reading Com prehension (50 points)A Multiple Choice (24 points)Please read the passages and choose A、B、C or D to best complete the statements about them.The Q uiet CrisisClose gam es for th e Am erican s w ere rare in p rev iou s Olym p ics, bu t n ow it ap p ears to be som eth in g th e Am erican s sh ou ld get u sed to.You cou ld fin d n o better m etap h or for th e w ay th e rest of th e w orld can n ow com p ete h ead-to-h ead m ore effectiv ely th an ev er w ith Am erica th an th e stru ggles of th e U.S. Olym p ic basketball team in2004. Th e Am erican team, m ad e u p of N BA stars, lim p ed h om e to a bron ze m ed al after losin g to Pu erto Rico, Lith u an ia, an d Ar gen tin a. Prev iou sly, th e Un ited States Olym p ic basketball team h ad lost on ly on e gam e in th e h istory of th e m od ern Olym p ics. Rem em ber w h en Am erica sen t on ly N CAA stars to th e Olym p ic basketball ev en ts? For a lon g tim e th ese team s totally d om in ated all corn ers. Th en th ey started gettin g ch allen ged. So w e sen t ou r p ros. An d th ey started gettin g ch allen ged. Becau se th e w orld keep s learn in g, th e d iffu sion of kn ow led ge h ap p en s faste r; coach es in oth er cou n tries n ow d ow n load Am erican coach in g m eth od s off th e In tern et an d w atch N BA gam es in th eir ow n liv in g room s on satellite TV. Man y of th em can ev en get ESPN an d w atch th e h igh ligh t reels. An d th an ks to th e trip le con v er gen ce, th ere is a lot of n ew raw talen t w alkin g on to th e N BA cou r ts from all ov er th e w orld—in clu d in g m an y n ew stars from Ch in a, Latin Am erica, an d Easter n Eu rop e. Th ey go back an d p lay for th eir n ation al team s in th e Olym p ics, u sin g th e skills th ey h on ed in Am erica. So th e au tom atic Am erican su p eriority of tw en ty years ago is n ow gon e in Olym p ic basketball. Th e N BA stan d ard is in creasin gly becom in g a global com m od ity—p u re van illa. If th e Un ited States w an ts to con tin u e to d om in ate in Olym p ic basketball, w e m u st, in th at great sp orts cliché, step it u p a n otch. Th e old stan d ard w on’t d o an ym ore. As Joel Caw ley of IBM rem arked to m e, “Star for star, th e basketball team s from p laces like Lith u an ia or Pu erto Rico still d on't ran k w ell v ersu s th e Am erican s, bu t w h en th ey p lay as a team—w h en th ey collaborate better th an w e d o, th ey are extrem ely com p etitiv e.”Th ere is som eth in g abou t p ost-w orld W arⅡAm erica th at rem in d s m e of th e classic w ealth y fam ily th at by th e th ird gen eration starts to squ an d er its w ealth. Th e m em bers of th e first gen eration are n ose-to-th e-grin d ston e in n ov ators, th e secon d gen eration h old s it all togeth er th en th eir kid s com e alon g an d get fat, d u m b, an d lazy an d slow ly squ an d er it all. I kn ow th at is both ov erly h arsh an d a gross gen eralization, bu t th ere is, n ev erth eless, som e tru th in it. Am erican society started to coast in th e 1990s, w h en ou r th ird p ostw ar gen eration cam e of age. Th e d ot-com boom left too m an y p eop le w ith th e im p ression th at th ey cou ld get rich w ith ou t in v estin g in h ard w ork. All it took w as an M BA an d a q u ick IPO, or on e N BA con tract, an d y ou w ere set for life. Bu t w h ile w e w ere ad m irin g th e flat w orld w e h ad created, a lot of p eop le in In d ia, Ch in a, an donly economy standing after W orld W ar Ⅱ, and we had no serious com petition for forty years. That gave us a huge head of steam but also a huge sense of entitlem ent and com placency—not to m ention a certain tendency in recent years to extol consum ption over hard work, investm ent, and long-term thinking. When we got hit with 9／11, it was a once-in-a-generation opportunity to summ on the nation to sacrifice, to address som e of its pressing fiscal, energy, science, and education shortfalls—all the things that we had let slide. But our presid ent did not summ on us to sacrifice. He sum m oned us to go shopping.The truth is, we are in a crisis now, but it is a crisis that is unfolding very slowly and very quietly. It is a quiet crisis and this quiet crisis involves the steady erosion of Am erica's scientific and engineering base, which has always been the source of Am erican innovation and our rising standard of living.“The sky is not falling, nothing horrible is going to happen today, ” said Jackson, a physicist by training who chooses her words carefully. “The U.S. is still the leading engine for innovation in the world. It has the best graduate program s, the best scientific infrastructure, and the capital m arkets to exploit it. But there is a quiet crisis in U.S. science and technology that we have to wake up to. The U.S. today is in a truly global environm ent, and those com petitor countries are not only wide awake, they are running a m arathon while we are running sprints. If left unchecked, this could challenge our preem inence and capacity to innovate. ”And it is our ability to constantly innovate new products, services, and com panies that has been the source of Am erica's horn of plenty and steadily widening middle class for the last two centuries. It was Am erican innovators who started Google, Intel, HP, Dell, Microsoft, and Cisco, and it m atters where innovation happens. The fact that all these com panies are headquartered in Am erica m eans that m ost of the high-paying jobs are here, even if these com panies outsource or offshore som e functions. The executives, the departm ent heads, the sales force, and the senior researchers are all located in the cities where the innovation happened. And their jobs create m ore jobs. The shrinking of the pool of young people with the knowledge skills to innovate won't shrink our standard of living overnight. It will be felt only in fifteen or twenty years, when we discover we have a critical shortage of scientists and engineers capable of doing innovation or even just high-value-added technology work. Then this won’t be a quiet crisis anym ore, said Jackson, "it will be the real McCoy."Today, Am ericans are feeling the gradual and subtle effects of globalization that challenge the econom ic and strategic leadership that the United States has enjoyed since W orld war Ⅱ.A substantial portion of our work-force finds itself in direct com petition for jobs with lower-wage workers around the globe, and leading-edge scientific and engineering work is being accom plished in m any parts of the world. Thanks to globalization, driven by m odern comm unications and other advances, workers in virtually every sector m ust now face com petitors who live just a m ouse-click away in Ireland, Finland, China, India, or dozens of other nations whose econom ies are growing. This has been aptly referred to as “the Death of Distance.”(1)Why NBA was m entioned in this passage?A. It serves as a m etaphor to illustrate how the globe is com peting head-to-head with U.S.B. It presents a fact that NBA is now perform ing very poorly.C. It sends a m essage that the U.S. overall strength is dropping.D. It warns the Am ericans of the grave situation that the status of its super power does not exist any longer.(2) “Star for star, the basketball team s from places like Lithuania or Puerto Rico still don't rank well versus the Am ericans, but when they play as a team—when they collaborate better than we do—they are extrem ely competitive. In this sentence, “Star for star...”m eans＿＿＿＿.A. when one team plays against anotherB. The place of the stars in a teamC. The tim e the star is on the courtD. When individual players of the team s are playing against each other(3) It is stated in paragraph 3 that people are adm iring the flat world. What does “flat” m ean?A. It m eans that the world is getting bigger and bigger and people are losing a lot of choices.B. It m eans that the world is getting sm aller and globalization is the dom inant trend.C. It m eans that the world is getting sm aller and easier to control.D. It m eans that the world stops being a round globe.(4) The author thinks that the third generation of Am ericans＿＿＿＿.A. are nose-to-the-grindstone innovatorsB. are holding the wealth all togetherC. are becom ing m ore diligent and hard w orkingD. are starting to squander their wealth(5) What can be inferred of the author’s feeling about the fact that m any big com panies are headquartered in Am erica?A. Negative.B. Indifferent.C. Positive.D. W orried.(6) What does the word aptly in paragraph 7 m ean?A. Suitably.B. Fortunately.C. Adaptively.D. Inappropriately.(7)The“ Death of Distance” refers to＿＿＿＿.A. the dying economy in the U.S. because of the com petitions from Ireland, Finland, China andIndiaB. the intensified com petition between the U.S. and other countries due to globalization andadvanced Comm unicationsC. the econom ies in Ireland and Finland that outperform those in China and IndiaD. the closeness of countries like Ireland and Finland, China and India(8)The title of this passage “The Quiet Crisis” suggests that＿＿＿＿.A. the crisis that the U S. faces is seen clearlyB. the U. S. is not yet in a crisisC. the crisis that the U. S. faces unfolds very quicklyD. the current crisis develops slowlyThe Nature of CivilizationsDuring the cold war the world was divided into the First, Second and Third W orld s. Those divisions are no longer relevant. It is far m ore m eaningful now to group countries not in term s of their political or econom ic system s or in term s of their level of econom ic development but rather in term s of their culture and civilization.What do we m ean when we talk of a civilization? A civilization is a cultural entity. Villages, regions, ethnic groups, nationalities, religious groups, all have distinct cultures at different levels of cultural heterogeneity. The culture of a village in southern Italy m ay be different from that of a village in northern Italy, but both will share in a common Italian culture that distinguishes them from Germ an villages. European com m unities, in turn, will share cultural features that distinguish them from Arab or Chinese comm unities. Arabs, Chinese and W esterners, however, are not part of any broader cultural entity. They constitute civilizations. A civilization is thus the highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity people have short of that which distinguishes hum ans from other species. It is defined both by comm on objective elem ents, such as language, history, religion, custom s, institutions, and by the subjective self-identification of people. People have levels of identity: a resident of Rom e m ay define him self with varying degrees of intensity as a Rom an, an Italian, a Catholic, a Christian, a European, or a W esterner. The civilization to which he belongs is the broadest level of identification with which he intensely identifies. People can and do redefine their identities and. as a result, the com position and boundaries of civilizations change.Civilizations m ay involve a large num ber of people, as with China (“a civilization pretending to be a state, " as Lucian Pye put it), or a very sm all num ber of people, such as the Anglophone Caribbean. A civilization may include several nation states, as is the case with W estern, Latin Am erican and Arab civilizations, or only one, as is the case with Japanese civilization. Civilizations obviously blend and overlap, and m ay include subcivilizations. W estern civilization has two m ajor variants, European and North Am erican, and Islam has its Arab, Turkic and Malay subdivisions. Civilizations are nonetheless m eaningful entities, and while the lines between them are seldom sharp, they are real. Civilizations are dynam ic; they rise and fall; they divide and m erge. And, as any student of history knows, civilizations disappear and are buried in the sands of tim e.W esterners tend to think of nation states as the principal actors in global affairs. They have been that, however, for only a few centuries. The broader reaches of hum an history have been the history of civilizations. In A Study of History, Arnold Toynbee identified 21 m ajor civilizations; only six of them exist in the contem porary world.(9) According to the passage, what is a m ore m eaningful way now to group countries as com pared with the Cold W ar period?A. In term s of political system s.B. In term s of the level of econom ic developm ent.C. In term s of the culture only.D. In term s of culture and civilization.(10)The author states that a civilization isA. a cultural entityB. a custom practiced in villages, regions, ethnic groups, nationalities, or religious groupsC. not with any cultural heterogeneityD. not blending or overlapping with other civilizations(11) According to this passage, how m any subdivisions does the Islam Civilization have?A. None.B. One.C. Two.D. Three.(12) It can be inferred from the passage that the author of this passage＿＿＿＿the following statem ent：”W esterners tend to think of nation states as the principal actors in global affairs.”A. agrees withB. disagrees withC. detestsD. d oes not m ention if he agrees or not withB True or False (12 points)Below is a passage followed by six statements. Read the passage carefully and then decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F)The American CharacterThe Am erican is wonderfully alive; and his vitality, not having often found a suitable outlet, m akes him appear agitated on the surface; he is always letting off an unnecessarily loud blast of incidental steam. Yet his vitality is not superficial; it is inwardly prom pted, and as sensitive and quick as a m agnetic needle. He is inquisitive, and read y with an answer to any question that he m ay put to himself of his own accord; but if you try to pour instruction into him, on m atters that do not touch his own spontaneous life, he shows the m ost extraordinary powers of resistance and forgetfulness; so that he often is rem arkably expert in som e directions and surprisingly slow in others. He seem s to bear lightly the sorrowful burden of hum an knowledge. In a word, he is young.What sense is there in this feeling, which we all have that the Am erican is young? His country is blessed with as m any elderly people as any other, and his descent from Adam, or from the Darwinian rival of Adam, cannot be shorter than that of his European cousins. Nor are his ideas always very fresh. 0ld conventions and rigid bits of m orality and religion, with m uch seem ly and antique political understanding, rem ain clear-cut in him, as in the m ind of a child; he m ay carry all this about with an unquestioning fam iliarity which does not com port understanding. To keep traditional sentim ents in this way untouched and uncriticised is itself a sign of youth. A good young m an is naturally conservative and loyal on all those subjects which his experience has not brought to a test; advanced opinions on politics, m arriage, or literature are com paratively rare in Am erica; they are left for the ladies to discuss, and usually to condem n, while the m en get on with their work. In spite of what is old fashioned in his m ore general ideas, the Am erican is unm istakably young；and this I should say for two reasons：one that he is chiefly occupied withhis imm ediate environm ent, and the other, that his reactions upon it are inwardly prom pted, spontaneous, and full of vivacity and self-trust. His views are not yet lengthened; his will is not yet broken or transform ed. The present m om ent, however, in this, as in other things, m ay m ark a great change in him; he is perhaps now reaching his m ajority, and all I say m ay hardly apply today, and m ay not apply at all tom orrow. I speak of him as I have known him; and whatever m oral strength m ay occur to him later, I am not sorry to have known him in his youth. The charm of youth, even when it is a 1ittle boisterous, obvious obedience to that pure, sem inal principle which, having form ed the body and its organs, always directs their m ovem ent, unless it is forced by vice or necessity to m ake them crooked, or rem ains young, and, wherever it is able to break through, sprouts into som ething green and tender. W e are all as young at heart as the most youthful Am erican, but the seed in his case has fallen upon virgin soil, where it m ay spring up m ore bravely and with less respect for the giants of the wood. People seem older when their perennial natural youth is encum bered with m ore possessions and prepossessions, and they are m indful of the m any things they have lost or m issed. The Am erican is not m indful to them.(13) Am ericans’ vitality is fairly superficial because deep down in their heart, they are very young.(14) Am ericans tend to be resistant to the things they are told to do and to the things they do notfeel very strongly about.(15) Am ericans are young because in their country, there are not as m any elderly people as thosein any other European countries.(16) A good young m an here is generally quite avant-garde, refuting all conventions and traditions.(17) W e are all as young at heart as the m ost youthful Am ericans but our seed is growing uponvirgin soil.(18) In general, the Am erican character is am biguous and mysterious.C Gap Filling (14 points)Please choose the best sentence from the list after the passage to fill each of the gaps in the text.Selling out to the StudentsUniversity faculties involve them selves unwittingly in the destruction of the university when they bow to all the pressures of their students and loosen up on requirem ents. (19)＿＿＿＿.The students will organize a vote and abolish the language requirem ent and abolish the science requirem ent, and then they'll decide they ought to get two units or five units for learning the sitar. As a faculty m em ber my feeling about all this nonsense is that it's not worth fighting for the innovations the students want because they’re utterly trivial.(20)＿＿＿＿.what he wants is to avoid som e obvious difficulty, like reading som ething he doesn't like to read, or having a sadistic exam, or having to sit still for three hours a week listening to som e bore talk about something the student feels he ought not to be required to 1isten to in the first place. It's stupid to expect genuine ed ucational insights to com e from kids who are the products of this system. (21)＿＿＿＿.But the faculties will do it. They'll do it because they feel guilty about their approach to teaching. They'll do it in ways that won't interfere with what their departm ents are doing. (22)＿＿＿＿.A good teacher is som ebody who is not interested in his own ideas, he is interested in som ebody else's m ind but the young faculty m em ber in a university typically is bursting with hisown ideas, and his notion of teaching is to tell those ideas to other people. This has nothing to do with teaching. (23)＿＿＿＿.Say that a faculty m eeting is scheduled to discuss som e utterly m eaningless provisions of the curriculum. The students com e in with a charm ing protest against it and a rather neat solution：(24)＿＿＿＿.This presupposes the continued existence of courses. With student-initiated courses being ad ded all the tim e, it only strengthens the course system. But the real aim should be to get rid of the course system altogether. A teacher gives it another decade of life by saying to a student, “O. K, you object to the course system? What do you want a course in?” And he says, “African bead, ” or what not. "Sold! Go to it." And so the student goes to it and earns three units. (25)＿＿＿＿.The fact is, however, that he winds up with contem pt for a faculty that permits this sort of thing to go on. The depressing thing is to see, under the guise of revolution, sim ply the old middle class individualistic free market being pushed to its ultim ate absurdity in the name of student consum er dem and. To confuse this with revolution in education is tragic.In the m eantim e he has stopped objecting to courses for a while.They want anything but things taught at universities.To turn academ ic decisions over to them is ludicrous.The kids will get what they think they want, which isn’t really what they want.Confronted with student power the faculty m em ber gives in, and it doesn't bother him because he gets to be a hero by voting yes for freedom."The courses ought to be divided into three groups: a third in the m ajor, a third not in the m ajor, and the other third the student can d o anything he wants with."Teaching is the art of developing or cultivating another m ind, and helping it to increase its powers.The ed ucational im agination of a product for a student of a university is not very significant. II. Please read the following passage and translate the underlined parts into Chinese. (50 points, 5 points each)A Journey by Train：Making Tracks in EuropeW e’re taking a train across Europe, from the coast of France all the way to Athens, a trip that has our friends expressing their concern. (26)The general feeling seem s to be that France and Italy are free—but the ferry from Italy and the train ride across Greece? They call it “travelin g rough.”The first leg is easy, from the French port of Calais to Paris. And very com fortable too. (27) One of the benefits of a Eurail pass is that you get to travel first class (unless you’re using a youth pass), and for the first tim e in our lives we ride a train in a “com partm ent” just as in the m ovies. These com partm ents seat six but today we’re the only occupants so we spread ourselves and our luggage around.(28)Our reward: three days in Paris. W e thrill to all the things you're supposed to thrill to—the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, the Arc de Triom phe. But the really m em orable m om ent in this city is one of those spontaneous hum an events you can never plan for. The trick of traveling, I guess, is to be ready to savor whatever happens.I’m standing on the corner by one of the fam ous bridges across the River Seine the PontNeuf. (29)There's nothing special about it. In a city battered by the roar of endless cars, it s just another crossroads where two large stream s of traffic m eet. All roar, m ore roar and uproar. (Cars are the great bane of Europe. The inner city streets of m ost of the old cities were never designed for this sort of traffic—and it shows.)(30)I pause am ong the surging pedestrians to ease my weary feet. That’s when I hear it. Rising trium phantly above the howl of the traffic, catchy m usic jingles in the air. I look around m e. It's com ing from...an organ grinder(街头手风琴师).(31)Everyone is hurrying and straining to be som ewhere else. But my wiry little organ grinder pours his heart into bringing this corner alive with his m usic. Old favourite songs dance gaily above our heads—“Can Can”, “Lara's Theme”, “Funiculi-Funicula”—these popular songs from past decades have a European father than an Am erican flavour.(32) Am azingly, a furry cat is fast asleep on top of the m usic m achine ignoring everything around it as if this was som e peaceful garden rather than a precarious perch that shakes with every turn of its owner's arm. And in a basket by the organ's pram wheels, a dog dreams peacefully while comm uters pour out from an underground station.My organ grinder has discovered the miracle of perpetual m otion. Round and round goes his arm, his body rocking to the effort. (33)Casually he transfers the handle from one hand to the other, catching it as it twirls, the m usic leaping around him as if it would whisk him and his m achine over the rooftops and away past Notre Dam e Cathedral (巴黎圣母院) or along the Cham ps Elysees (香榭丽舍大道).Mind you, he’s not the only one presiding over this noisy com er. Two police officers are here as well, charged with m aintaining order. One is m ale, youthful and confident. (34) The other i s... well, a police girl. Her gun is alm ost as big as she is. Her weapon belt sags on her hips. Maybe in a couple of years she’ll develop into a police-wom an, but it’ll take at least that long to grow into her official-issue trousers.But, petite as she is, this Parisienne carries with her all the authority of the French gendarm erie. The traffic at the corner is clogging up-as it does repeatedly during my half-hour here. Boldly she blows her whistle and strides out into the surge of traffic. (35)Angry cars growl to a halt and sullenly crouch at her feet, snarling their annoyance, fretting to be away. But, cowed by her tiny arm they bite back their frustration and wait till this uniform ed child waves them on.III. Translate the following passage into English. (50 points)学问与趣味由小学到中学, 所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题文章翻译Section I Use of English到1830 年,前西班牙和葡萄牙的殖民地变成了独立的国家。

大约2000万居民满怀信心地展望未来。

出生于旧的社会政体和伊比利亚殖民主义的危机之中，许多独立的国家领导人共享的信念包括成立民选政府、人尽其材、商业和贸易自由、拥有私有财产的权利，并且相信个人是社会的基础。

人们普遍认为新的国家应该是主权国家以及独立的国家，国家足够强大有经济实力能存活下去并且有一套共同的法律所控制。

然而，在宗教自由和教会地位的问题上，领导人之间的观点就不那么一致了。

罗马天主教一直是国教，并且是西班牙国王允许的唯一宗教。

大部分领导人要求维持天主教作为新国家的正式宗教，而另一些人却要设法结束其他信仰被排斥的局面。

保护教会成了保守势力的战斗口号。

早期的独立领导人的理想通常是平等主义，把一切事物看作是平等的。

玻利瓦尔曾接受过海地的援助并且作为回报承诺在他解放的地区废除农奴制。

到1854 年，除了西班牙残存的殖民地以外，农奴制已经被废除。

先前做出的结束印第安人进贡和停止向混合血统人征税的承诺变得越来越难以实施，因为这些国家仍然需要这些政策产生的财政收入。

因为害怕大多数人民还没准备好自治和民主，这些平等主义观点经常被缓和了。

Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1如果你查一下2006 年世界杯足球赛参赛队员的出生证明，你会发现一个令人注目的奇怪现象：杰出的足球队员大多出生于一年的前几个月而不是后几个月。

如果你再仔细观察一下为世界杯和著名职业球队培养队员的欧洲国家青年队，你会发现这一现象更加突出。

是什么原因导致了这种奇怪现象的发生呢？人们有如下猜测：a) 某些星座的人被赐予优秀的足球才能；b)冬天出生的孩子吸氧能力更强，踢足球的耐力好； c)热衷于足球的夫妇更可能在春季怀孕，因为此时是足球热的高潮；d)以上观点都不对。

07年考研英语真题讲解2007年考研英语真题讲解2007年考研英语真题是考研英语历年真题中的一份经典试卷，对于备考考研英语的同学来说是一份宝贵的资料。

本文将对这份试卷进行详细的讲解，希望能够帮助大家更好地理解和应对考试。

阅读理解部分是考研英语中重要的一部分，也是考察考生阅读理解能力的重要环节。

2007年考研英语真题的阅读理解部分共有四篇文章，涵盖了不同的主题和文体。

第一篇文章是关于电影《泰坦尼克号》的评论，主要讲述了电影的成功原因以及对观众的影响。

第二篇文章是一篇科普文章，介绍了光合作用的过程和作用。

第三篇文章是一篇社会学研究报告，探讨了社会网络对个人行为的影响。

第四篇文章是一篇历史文章，介绍了古代中国的科技发展。

每篇文章后面都有几个问题需要考生回答，考察考生对文章内容的理解和分析能力。

词汇与结构部分是考研英语中的重点和难点之一。

2007年考研英语真题的词汇与结构部分主要考察考生对英语词汇和语法的掌握程度。

题目包括词汇选择、词汇填空、句子改错等。

其中，词汇选择题要求考生选择恰当的词语来填空，考察考生对词义和语境的理解能力；词汇填空题要求考生根据语境选择合适的词汇填空，考察考生对词汇用法的掌握；句子改错题要求考生找出句子中的错误并进行改正，考察考生对语法规则的掌握和运用能力。

翻译部分是考研英语中的重要环节，也是考察考生语言表达能力的重要途径。

2007年考研英语真题的翻译部分共有两道题目，一道是中译英，一道是英译中。

中译英题目要求考生将一段中文翻译成英文，考察考生对中文表达和英语表达的转换能力；英译中题目要求考生将一段英文翻译成中文，考察考生对英文表达和中文表达的转换能力。

写作部分是考研英语中的重要环节，也是考察考生综合语言运用能力的重要途径。

2007年考研英语真题的写作部分共有两道题目，一道是作文，一道是翻译。

作文题目要求考生就“人与自然”这一主题展开议论，考察考生的写作能力和思辨能力；翻译题目要求考生将一段英文翻译成中文，考察考生对英文表达和中文表达的转换能力。

2007年考研英语(一)阅读text 1 精读精讲全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: In-Depth Analysis of 2007 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (English) Reading Text 1IntroductionIn the 2007 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination, English (Paper 1) included a total of five reading texts, each probing different aspects of comprehension and analysis skills. In this document, we will focus on Text 1 and provide a detailed analysis of its content, structure, and language features.Text 1: "Voices Proclaiming Identity"The text titled "Voices Proclaiming Identity" explores the concept of linguistic identity and its importance in shaping individual and group identities. It discusses how people's language choices, accents, and dialects can reflect their cultural background, social status, and personal experiences. The author argues that language is not simply a means of communication, but a powerful tool for asserting one's identity and belonging to a particular community.Structure AnalysisThe text follows a coherent structure, beginning with a general introduction to the topic of linguistic identity and gradually delving into more specific examples and explanations. It is divided into several paragraphs, each addressing a different aspect of the theme. The overall organization of the text helps readers to follow the argument logically and understand the main points being made.Language FeaturesThe language used in the text is formal and academic, with complex sentence structures and a rich vocabulary. The author employs various rhetorical devices, such as parallelism, repetition, and contrast, to emphasize key points and enhance the overall persuasiveness of the argument. Additionally, the text includes examples, anecdotes, and quotes from experts to illustrate and support the author's claims.Key PointsOne of the key points discussed in the text is the idea that language reflects not only individual identity but also collective identity. The author demonstrates how language can be a source of pride and solidarity for a particular group and how linguisticdifferences can lead to prejudice and discrimination. By analyzing real-life examples and studies, the text highlights the complex interplay between language, culture, and social identity.ConclusionIn conclusion, Text 1 "Voices Proclaiming Identity" is a thought-provoking piece that explores the multifaceted nature of linguistic identity and its role in shaping individual and group identities. Through a systematic analysis of its content, structure, and language features, we have gained a deeper understanding of the text and its implications. This text serves as a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in the complex relationship between language and identity.Overall, the 2007 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (English) Reading Text 1 offers a rich and stimulating exploration of the theme of linguistic identity, providing readers with valuable insights and perspectives on this intriguing topic.篇22007年考研英语(一)阅读text 1 精读精讲Text 1It is often said that people travel in search of themselves. It is an interesting theory but on close analysis, it doesn’t mean much. How can you discover what you do not know? How can you search for what you do not know? In terms of people looking for their identity, this is somewhat of a paradox.In literature, travelers have often been portrayed as searching for existential meaning or seeking to escape their everyday lives. However, the true essence of travel lies in experiencing the beauty of unfamiliar landscapes, meeting new people, and discovering diverse cultures. It is these encounters that shape our understanding of the world and ourselves.Travel allows us to step out of our comfort zones and confront our own preconceptions. By immersing ourselves in new environments, we are forced to reevaluate our beliefs and values, leading to personal growth and self-discovery. Travel challenges us to adapt to different ways of life, fostering a sense of empathy and understanding for others.Furthermore, travel provides an opportunity for introspection and reflection. As we wander through foreign streets and immerse ourselves in new experiences, we are able to gain a fresh perspective on our own lives. Through encounterswith unfamiliar customs and traditions, we are able to reassess our own cultural background and identity.In conclusion, while the idea of traveling in search of oneself may seem paradoxical, it is through these journeys that we are able to truly discover who we are. By embracing the unknown and stepping out of our comfort zones, we come to understand the complexities of our own identities. Travel is not just about discovering new places, but about uncovering new aspects of ourselves.精读精讲1. The text starts with the idea that people travel in search of themselves. Do you agree with this theory? Why or why not?2. The text highlights the paradox of searching for an identity you do not know. How can travel help us discover our true selves?3. What are some of the benefits of travel mentioned in the text? How can encountering new cultures and environments shape our understanding of the world and ourselves?4. How does travel challenge us to confront our beliefs and values? What role does empathy and understanding play in shaping our identities?5. According to the text, what role does introspection and reflection play in the process of self-discovery through travel?6. How does travel contribute to personal growth andself-discovery? What are some examples of moments in which travel may have caused you to reassess your own beliefs and values?7. Reflect on a personal travel experience in which you felt challenged or inspired to reevaluate your own identity. How did this experience shape your understanding of yourself and the world around you?篇3Title: In-depth Analysis of 2007 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (English) Reading Text 1Introduction:The 2007 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination in English (Text 1) is a challenging and thought-provoking text that requires a deep understanding of the language and context. In this essay, we will delve into the text and dissect its content, style, and message.Text Analysis:The text opens with a description of how globalization has brought about significant changes in the world, particularly in terms of political, economic, and social aspects. It highlights the interconnectedness of different countries and the need for cooperation and understanding. The author emphasizes the importance of cultural exchanges and the preservation of traditional values in the face of rapid modernization.One key theme in the text is the impact of globalization on indigenous cultures and traditions. The author discusses how globalization has led to the homogenization of cultures, eroding local customs and traditions. This loss of cultural diversity is seen as a threat to the richness and vibrancy of society. The text also touches upon the issue of cultural imperialism and the dominance of Western values in the global arena.Furthermore, the text talks about the challenges faced by developing countries in adapting to the demands of globalization. The author argues that developing countries must strike a balance between embracing modernization and preserving their cultural identity. This presents a dilemma for many nations as they strive to achieve economic growth while retaining their cultural heritage.The text concludes by calling for a more inclusive and equitable approach to globalization. The author suggests that the benefits of globalization should be shared more evenly among all countries and that cultural diversity should be valued and protected. This message resonates with the idea of creating a more harmonious and mutually beneficial global community.Language and Style:The language used in the text is formal and academic, with complex sentences and vocabulary. The author employs persuasive techniques such as repetition, analogy, and anecdote to strengthen their argument. The style is objective and rational, with a clear structure and logical progression of ideas.The text is rich in cultural references and examples, which serve to illustrate the author's points and provide evidence for their arguments. The use of diverse perspectives and viewpoints enhances the text's depth and complexity, inviting readers to consider different angles on the topic of globalization and cultural diversity.Conclusion:In conclusion, the 2007 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (English) Reading Text 1 is a thought-provoking andinsightful piece on the impact of globalization on culture and society. The text explores complex issues related to cultural diversity, economic development, and societal change, challenging readers to rethink their assumptions and perspectives. By analyzing the text in depth, we gain a deeper understanding of the author's message and the implications of globalization on our world today.。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题预测试卷一Section I Use of EnglishPart ADirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)The basic function of money is the enable buying to be separated from selling, thus permitting trade to take place without the so called double coincidence of barter. If a person has something to sell and wants something else 1 return, it is not necessary to search for someone able and 2to make the desired exchange of items. The person can sell the 3 item for general purchasing power—that is, “money”—to anyone who wants to buy it and then use the proceeds to buy the desired item from anyone who wants to sell it.The importance of this function of money is 4 illustrated by the experience of Germany just after World War Ⅱ, 5 paper money was 6 largely useless because, despite inflationary conditions, price controls were effectively 7 by the American, French, and British armies of occupation. People had to8 to barter or to inefficient money substitutes. The result was to cut total output of the economy in half. The German “economic miracle” just after 1948 reflected partly a currency reform by the occupation authorities, 9 some economists hold that it stemmed primarily from the German government’s 10 of all price controls, 11 permitting a money economy to 12 a barter economy.13 of the act of sale from the act of purchase 14 the existence of something that will be generally accepted in payment—this is the “15 of exchange” function of money. But there must also be something that can serve as a 16 abode of purchasing power, in which the seller holds the proceeds in the interim 17 the first sale and the 18 purchase, or from which the buyer can 19the general purchasing power with which to pay 20 what is bought. This is the “asset” function of money.1. ［A］on ［B］in ［C］by ［D］for2. ［A］capable ［B］likely ［C］desirable ［D］willing3. ［A］excess ［B］extra ［C］surplus ［D］ample4. ［A］dramatically ［B］urgently ［C］faithfully ［D］incidentally5. ［A］when ［B］before ［C］since ［D］until6. ［A］developed ［B］reserved ［C］rendered ［D］imagined7. ［A］encouraged ［B］enlarged ［C］endured ［D］enforced8. ［A］conform ［B］resort ［C］commit ［D］gear9. ［A］and ［B］but ［C］therefore ［D］however10. ［A］deprivation ［B］stimulation ［C］elimination ［D］restriction11. ［A］thereby ［B］therefore ［C］then ［D］while12. ［A］alternate ［B］establish ［C］substitute ［D］replace13. ［A］Introduction ［B］Specification ［C］Representation ［D］Separation14. ［A］assumes ［B］requires ［C］focuses ［D］undertakes15. ［A］medium ［B］function ［C］role ［D］nature16. ［A］fashionable ［B］favorable ［C］temporary ［D］token17. ［A］both ［B］for ［C］between ［D］after18. ［A］consequent ［B］relevant ［C］inadequate ［D］subsequent19. ［A］execute ［B］extract ［C］exceed ［D］exchange20. ［A］for ［B］off ［C］back ［D］inSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Two related paradoxes also emerge from the same basic conception of the aesthetic experience. The first was given extended consideration by Hegel, who argued roughly as follows: our sensuous attention and that gives to the work of art its peculiar individuality. Because it addresses itself to our sensory appreciation, the work of art is essentially concrete, to be understood by an act of perception rather than by a process of discursive thought.At the same time, our understanding of the work of art is in part intellectual; we seek in it a conceptual content, which it presents to us in the form of an idea. One purpose of critical interpretation is to expound this idea in discursive form—to give the equivalent of the content of the work of art in another, nonsensuous idiom. But criticism can never succeed in this task, for, by separating the content from the particular form, it abolishes its individuality. The content presented then ceases to be the exact content of that work of art. In losing its individuality, the content loses its aesthetic reality; it thus ceases to be a reason for attending to the particular work and that first attracted our critical attention. It cannot be this that we saw in the original work and that explained its power over us.For this content, displayed in the discursive idiom of the critical intellect, is no more than a husk, a discarded relic of a meaning that eluded us in the act of seizing it. If the content is to be the true object of aesthetic interest, it must remain wedded to its individuality: it cannot be detached from its “sensuous embodiment” without being detached from itself. Content is, therefore, inseparable from form and form in turn inseparable from content. (It is the form that it is only by virtue of the content that it embodies.)Hegel’s argument is the archetype of many, all aimed at showing that it is both necessary to distinguish form from content and also impossible to do so. This paradox may be resolved by rejecting either of its premises, but, as with Kant’s antinomy, neither premise seems dispensable. To suppose that content and form are inseparable is, in effect, to dismiss both ideas as illusory, since no two works of art can then share either a content or a form-the form being definitive of each work’s individuality.In this case, no one could ever justify his interest in a work of art by reference to its meaning. The intensity of aesthetic interest becomes a puzzling, and ultimately inexplicable, feature of our mental life. If, on the other hand, we insist that content and form are separable, we shall never be able to find, through a study of content, the reason for attending to the particular work of art that intrigues us. Every work of art stands proxy for its paraphrase. An impassable gap then opens between aesthetic experience and its ground, and the claim that aesthetic experience is intrinsically valuable is thrown in doubt.21. Hegel argued that .［A］it is our sensuous appreciation that gives peculiar individuality to the work of art［B］it is the content of the work of art that holds our attention［C］the work of art cannot be understood without a process of logical thinking［D］the form of the work of art is what our sensuous appreciation concentrates on22. It can be inferred from this passage that .［A］the paradox that it is both necessary to distinguish form content and also impossible to do so cannot be resolved by rejecting its premises［B］both content and form of the work of art are illusory［C］the content and form of the work of art are separable［D］aesthetic experience is not intrinsically valuable23. Which of the following is NOT what Hegel believed?［A］The content and form of the work of art cannot be separated from each other.［B］The content of the work of art is always the true object of aesthetic interest.［C］The content presented without any individuality is not the content of the work of art.［D］The content understood by means of a process of discursive thought is no more than a husk.24. Premises that are related to each other seems to be dispensable because .［A］Kant thinks they are indispensable［B］either of them can resolve the paradox［C］the premises are separated［D］the premises can account for the theory25. This passage is mainly about .［A］the sensuous appreciation of art［B］the basic conception of the aesthetic experience［C］how to appreciate the work of art［D］the relationship between form and content of the work of artText 2Every country with a monetary system of its own has to have some kind of market in which dealers in bills, notes, and other forms of short term credit can buy and sell. The“money market”is a set of institutions or arrangements for handling what might be called wholesale transactions in money and short term credit. The need for such facilities arises in much the same way that a similar need does in connection with the distribution of any of the products of a diversified economy to their final users at the retail level. If the retailer is to provide reasonably adequate service to his customers, he must have active contacts with others who specialize in making or handling bulk quantities of whatever is his stock in trade. The money market is made up of specialized facilities of exactly this kind. It exists for the purpose of improving the ability of the retailers of financial services—commercial banks, savings institutions, investment houses, lending agencies, and even governments—to do their job. It has little if any contact with the individuals or firms who maintain accounts with these various retailers or purchase their securities or borrow from them.The elemental functions of a money market must be performed in any kind of modern economy, even one that is largely planned or socialist, but the arrangements in socialist countries do not ordinarily take the form of a market. Money markets exist in countries that use market processes rather than planned allocations to distribute most of their primary resources among alternative uses. The general distinguishing feature of a money market is that it relies upon open competition among those who are bulk suppliers of funds at any particular time and among those seeking bulk funds, to work out the best practicable distribution of the existing total volume of such funds.In their market transactions, those with bulk supplies of funds or demands for them, rely on groups of intermediaries who act as brokers or dealers. The characteristics of these middlemen, the services they perform, and their relationship to other parts of the financial vary widely from country to country. In many countries there is no single meeting place where the middlemen get together, yet in most countries the contacts among all participants are sufficiently open and free to assure each supplier or user of funds that he will get or pay a price that fairly reflects all of the influences (including his own) that are currently affecting the whole supply and the whole demand. In nearly all cases, moreover, the unifying force of competition is reflected at any given moment in a common price (that is, rate of interest) for similar transactions. Continuous fluctuations in the money market rates of interest result from changes in the pressure of available supplies of funds upon the market and in the pull of current demands upon the market.26. The first paragraph is mainly about .A. the definition of money marketB. the constitution of a money marketC. the basic functions of a money marketD. the general feature of a money market27. According to this passage, the money market .A. provides convenient services to its customersB. has close contact with the individuals or firms seeking fundsC. maintains accounts with various retailers of financial servicesD. is made up of institutions who specialize in handling wholesale monetary transactions28. Which of the following statements concerning money market is not true according to this passage?A. Money market does not exist in planned economies.B. Money market has been established in some socialist countries.C. Money market encourages open competition among bulk suppliers of funds.D. Money market relies upon market processes to distribute funds to final users.29. The author uses the example of middleman to show .A. market transactions are important in different countriesB. dealers are needed in doing businessC. middlemen can play great role in different transactions and different countries.D. middlemen in different countries have different actions in business.30. According to this passage, .A. brokers usually perform the same kinds of services to their customersB. brokers have little contact with each otherC. open competition tends to result in a common price for similar transactions at any given momentD. changes in the pressure of available supplies of funds upon market tends to maintain a common price forsimilar transactionsText 3Environmental issues raise a host of difficult ethical questions, including the ancient one of the nature of intrinsic value. Whereas many philosophers in the past have agreed that human experiences have intrinsic value and the utilitarians at least have always accepted that the pleasures and pains of nonhuman animals are of some intrinsic significance, this does not show why it is so bad if dodos become extinct or a rain forest is cut down. Are these things to be regretted only because of the loss to humans or other sentient creatures? Or is there more to it than that? Some philosophers are now prepared to defend the view that trees, rivers, species (considered apart from the individual animals of which they consist), and perhaps ecological systems as a whole have a value independent of the instrumental value they may have for humans or other sentient creatures.Our concern for the environment also raises the question of our obligations to future generations. How much do we owe to the future? From a social contract view of ethics or for the ethical egoist, the answer would seem to be: nothing. For we can benefit them, but they are unable to reciprocate. Most other ethical theories, however, do give weight to the interests of coming generations. Utilitarians, for one, would not think that the fact that members of future generations do not exist yet is any reason for giving less consideration to their interests than we give to our own, provided only that we are certain that they will exist and will have interests that will be affected by what we do. In the case of, say, the storage of radioactive wastes, it seems clear that what we do will indeed affect the interests of generations to come.The question becomes much more complex, however, when we consider that we can affect the size of future generations by the population policies we choose and the extent to which we encourage large or small families. Most environmentalists believe that the world is already dangerously overcrowded. This may well be so, but thenotion of overpopulation conceals a philosophical issue that is ingeniously explored by Derek Parfit in Reasons and Persons (1984). What is optimum population? Is it that population size at which the average level of welfare will be as high as possible? Or is it the size at which the total amount of welfare—the average multiplied by the number of people—is as great as possible? Both answers lead to counterintuitive outcomes, and the question remains one of the most baffling mysteries in applied ethics.31. The first paragraph is mainly about .［A］the intrinsic value of human experiences［B］the intrinsic value of the experiences of nonhuman animals［C］the intrinsic value of ecological system as a whole［D］an ancient ethical question about the nature of intrinsic value32. , we owe nothing to the future generations.［A］In the author’s opinion［B］From a social contrast view of ethics［C］For a utilitarian［D］For most environmentalists33. Population policy we take should be considered .［A］positive ［B］negative ［C］complex ［D］reasonable34. According to this passage, optimum population .［A］refers to the population size at which the average level of welfare will be as high as possible［B］refers to the population size at which the total amount of welfare will be as great as possible［C］is a difficult philosophical issue which remains to be resolved in the future［D］is a difficult philosophical issue which Derek Parfit has successfully settled in Reasons and Persons35. The proper title for this passage should be .［A］A Mystery in Applied Ethics［B］Our Obligations to Future Generations［C］Environmental Ethics［D］Environmental issuesText 4Perhaps only a small boy training to be a wizard at the Hogwarts school of magic could cast a spell so powerful as to create the biggest book launch ever. Wherever in the world the clock strikes midnight on June 20th, his followers will flock to get their paws on one of more than 10m copies of “Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix”. Bookshops will open in the middle of the night and delivery firms are drafting in extra staff and bigger trucks. Related toys, games, DVDs and other merchandise will be everywhere. There will be no escaping Pottermania.Yet Mr Potter’s world is a curious one, in which things are often not what they appear. While an excitable media (hereby including The Economist, happy to support such a fine example of globalisation) is helping to hype the launch of J.K. Rowling’s fifth novel, about the most adventurous thing that the publishers (Scholastic in America and Britain’s Bloomsbury in English elsewhere) have organised is a reading by Ms Rowling in London’s Royal Albert Hall, to be broadcast as a live webcast. Hollywood, which owns everything else to do with Harry Potter, says it is doing even less. Incredible as it may seem, the guardians of the brand say that, to protect the Potter franchise, they are trying to maintain a low profile. Well, relatively low.Ms Rowling signed a contract in 1998 with Warner Brothers, part of AOL Time Warner, giving the studio exclusive film, licensing and merchandising rights in return for what now appears to have been a steal: some $500,000. Warner licenses other firms to produce goods using Harry Potter characters or images, from which Ms Rowling gets a big enough cut that she is now wealthier than the queen—if you believe Britain’s Sunday Times rich list.The process is self generating: each book sets the stage for a film, which boosts book sales, which lifts sales of Potter products.Globally, the first four Harry Potter books have sold some 200m copies in 55 languages; the two movies have grossed over $1.8 billion at the box office. This is a stunning success by any measure, especially as Ms Rowling has long demanded that Harry Potter should not be over commercialised. In line with her wishes, Warner says it is being extraordinarily careful, at least by Hollywood standards, about what it licenses and to whom. It imposed tough conditions on Coca Cola, insisting that no Harry Potter images should appear on cans, and is now in the process of making its licensing programme even more restrictive. Coke may soon be considered too mass market to carry the brand at all.The deal with Warner ties much of the merchandising to the films alone. There are no officially sanctioned products relating to “Order of the Phoenix”; nor yet for “Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban”, the film of the third book, which is due out in June 2004. Warner agrees that Ms Rowling’s creation is a different sort of commercial property, one with long-term potential that could be damaged by a typical Hollywood marketing blitz, says Diane Nelson, the studio’s global brand manager for Harry Potter. It is vital, she adds, that with more to come, readers of the books are not alienated. “The evidence from our market research is that enthusiasm for the propert y by fans is not waning.”36. When the author says “there will be no escaping Potter mania”, he implies that .［A］Harry Potter’s appeal for the readers is simply irresistible［B］it is somewhat irrational to be so crazy about the magic boy［C］craze about Harry Potter will not be over in the near future［D］Hogwarts school of magic will be the biggest attraction world over37. Ms Rowling’s reading in London’s Royal Albert Hall is mentioned to show .［A］publishers are really adventurous in managing the Potter’s business［B］businesses are actually more credible than media in Potter’s world［C］the media are promoting Pottermania more actively than Hollywood［Ｄ］businesses involved with Potter are moving along in an unusual way38. The author believes that .［A］Britain’s Sunday Times rich list is not very convincing as it sounds［B］Time Warner’s management of licenses is a bit over commercialised［C］other firms may produce goods using Harry Potter images at will［D］what Ms Rowling got in return for her offering to Warner is a real bargain39. Paragraph 4 intends mainly to show Warner’s .［A］determination to promote Potter［B］consistence in conducting busines［C］high regard for Ms Rowling’s request［D］careful restrictions on licensing to Coco-Cola40. It can be concluded from the last paragraph that .［A］products of Potter films have brought enormous profits to Warner［B］current Hollywood’s marketing of Potter may damage its potential［C］readers could get tired of Ms Rowling’s writings sooner or later［D］Warner will maintain the same strategy with Potter in futurePart BSample 1Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)．Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. (41) Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ 60 percent of the workforce and expected to generate half of all new jobs between now and the year 2,000.(42)Too many of these pioneers, however, will blaze ahead unprepared. Idealists will overestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. (43). Midcareer executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may save the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also. at least for a while, be bookkeepers and receptionists, too.(44) By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start ups, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. Most credited their success in large part to having picked a business they already were comfortable in Eighty percent had worked with the same product or service in their last jobs.Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviously critical.(45) you must tenderly monitor its pulse, in their zeal, to expand. Small business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or of decaying profitability. They hopefully four more and more into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that means the market for their ingenious service or product has evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices.To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer the new markets, add products or perhaps franchise your hot ideas.［A］Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save.［B］But many entrepreneurs forget that a firm’s health in its infancy may be little indication of how well it will age .［C］Frequent checks of your firm’s vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth.［D］Some 1.2 million small forms have opened their doors over the past 6 years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own.［E］According to small Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to disappear in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now.［F］But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economy’s vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and are factories.［G］Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requiresSample 2Directions:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragrphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)［A］Chaste women are often proud and froward, as presuming upon the merit of their chastity. It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity and obedience, in the wife, if she think her husband wise; which she will never do, if she find him jealous.［B］He that has wife and children has given hostages to fortune; for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief. Certainly the best works, and of greatest merit for the public, have proceeded from the unmarried or childless men; which both in affection and means, have married and endowed the public. Yet it were great reason that those that have children, should have greatest care of future times; unto which they know theymust transmit their dearest pledges.［C］Certainly wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity; and single men, though they may be many times more charitable, because their means are less exhaust, yet, on the other side, they are more cruel and hardhearted (good to make severe inquisitors), because their tenderness is not so oft called upon. Grave natures, led by custom, and therefore constant, are commonly loving husbands, as was said of Ulysses。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题Section I Use of EnglishPart ADirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)The basic function of money is the enable buying to be separated fromcoincidence of barter. If a person has something to sell and wants something else 1 return, it is not necessary to search for someone able and 2to make the desired exchange of items. The person can sell the 3 item for general purchasing power―that is, “money”―to anyone who wants to buy it and then use the proceeds to buy the desired item from anyone who wants to sell it.The importance of this function of money is 4 illustrated by theexperience of Germany just after World War Ⅱ, 5 paper money was 6 largely useless because, despite inflationary conditions, price controls were effectively 7 by the American, French, and British armies of occupation. People had to8 to barter or to inefficient money substitutes. The result was to cut total output of the economy in half. The German “economic miracle” just after 1948 reflected partly a currency reform by the occupation authorities, 9 some economists hold that it stemmed primarily from the German government’s 10 of all price controls, 11 permitting a money economy to 12 a barter economy.13 of the act of sale from the act of purchase 14 the existence of something that will be generally accept ed in payment―this is the “15 of exchange” function of money. But there must also be something that can serve as a 16 abode of purchasing power, in which the seller holds the proceeds in the interim 17 the first sale and the 18 purchase, or from which the buyer can 19the general purchasing power with which to pay 20 what is bought. This is the “asset” function of money.1. ［A］on ［B］in ［C］by ［D］for2. ［A］capable ［B］likely ［C］desirable ［D］willing3. ［A］excess ［B］extra ［C］surplus ［D］ample4. ［A］dramatically ［B］urgently ［C］faithfully ［D］incidentally5. ［A］when ［B］before ［C］since ［D］until6. ［A］developed ［B］reserved ［C］rendered ［D］imagined7. ［A］encouraged ［B］enlarged ［C］endured ［D］enforced8. ［A］conform ［B］resort ［C］commit ［D］gear9. ［A］and ［B］but ［C］therefore ［D］however10. ［A］deprivation ［B］stimulation ［C］elimination ［D］restriction11. ［A］thereby ［B］therefore ［C］then ［D］while12. ［A］alternate ［B］establish ［C］substitute ［D］replace13. ［A］Introduction ［B］Specification ［C］Representation ［D］Separation14. ［A］assumes ［B］requires ［C］focuses ［D］undertakes15. ［A］medium ［B］function ［C］role ［D］nature16. ［A］fashionable ［B］favorable ［C］temporary ［D］token17. ［A］both ［B］for ［C］between ［D］after18. ［A］consequent ［B］relevant ［C］inadequate ［D］subsequent19. ［A］execute ［B］extract ［C］exceed ［D］exchange20. ［A］for ［B］off ［C］back ［D］inSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Two related paradoxes also emerge from the same basic conception of the aesthetic experience. The first was given extended consideration by Hegel, who argued roughly as follows: our sensuous attention and that gives to the work of art its peculiar individuality. Because it addresses itself to our sensory appreciation, the work of art is essentially concrete, to be understood by an act of perception rather than by a process of discursive thought.At the same time, our understanding of the work of art is in part intellectual; we seek in it a conceptual content, which it presents to us in the form of an idea. One purpose of critical interpretation is to expound this idea in discursive form―to give the equivalent of the content of the work of art in another, nonsensuous idiom. But criticism can never succeed in this task, for, by separating the content from the particular form, it abolishes its individuality. The content presented then ceases to be the exact content of that work of art. In losing its individuality, the content loses its aesthetic reality; it thus ceases to be a reason for attending to the particular work and that first attracted our critical attention. It cannot be this that we saw in the original work and that explained its power over us.For this content, displayed in the discursive idiom of the critical intellect, is no more than a husk, a discarded relic of a meaning that eluded us in the act of seizing it. If the content is to be the true object of aesthetic interest, it must remain wedded to its individuality: it cannot be detached from its “sensuous embodiment” without being detached from itself. Content is, therefore, inseparable from form and form in turn inseparable from content. (It is the form that it is only by virtue of the content that it embodies.)Hegel’s argument is the archetype of many, all aimed at showing that it is both necessary to distinguish form from content and also impossible to do so. This paradox may be resolved by rejecting either of its premises, but, as with Kant’s antinomy, neither premise seems dispensable. To suppose that content and form are inseparable is, in effect, to dismiss both ideas as illusory, since no two works of art can then share either a content or a form-the form being definitive of each work’s individuality.In this case, no one could ever justify his interest in a work of art by reference to its meaning. The intensity of aesthetic interest becomes a puzzling, and ultimately inexplicable, feature of our mental life. If, on the other hand, we insist that content and form are separable, we shall never be able to find, through a study of content, the reason for attending to the particular work of art that intrigues us. Every work of art stands proxy for its paraphrase. An impassable gap then opens between aesthetic experience and its ground, and the claim that aesthetic experience is intrinsically valuable is thrown in doubt.21. Hegel argued that .［A］it is our sensuous appreciation that gives peculiar individuality to the work of art［B］it is the content of the work of art that holds our attention［C］the work of art cannot be understood without a process of logical thinking［D］the form of the work of art is what our sensuous appreciation concentrates on22. It can be inferred from this passage that .［A］the paradox that it is both necessary to distinguish form contentand also impossible to do so cannot be resolved by rejecting its premises［B］both content and form of the work of art are illusory［C］the content and form of the work of art are separable［D］aesthetic experience is not intrinsically valuable23. Which of the following is NOT what Hegel believed?［A］The content and form of the work of art cannot be separated from each other.［B］The content of the work of art is always the true object of aesthetic interest.［C］The content presented without any individuality is not the content of the work of art.［D］The content understood by means of a process of discursive thought is no more than a husk.24. Premises that are related to each other seems to be dispensable because .［A］Kant thinks they are indispensable［B］either of them can resolve the paradox［C］the premises are separated［D］the premises can account for the theory25. This passage is mainly about .［A］the sensuous appreciation of art［B］the basic conception of the aesthetic experience［C］how to appreciate the work of art［D］the relationship between form and content of the work of art Text 2Every country with a monetary system of its own has to have some kindof market in which dealers in bills, notes, and other forms of short term credit can buy and sell. The“money market” is a set of institutions or arrangements for handling what might be called wholesale transactions in money and short term credit. The need for such facilities arises in much the same way that a similar need does in connection with the distribution of any of the products of a diversified economy to their final users at the retail level. If the retailer is to provide reasonably adequate service to his customers, he must have active contacts with others who specialize in making or handling bulk quantities of whatever is his stock in trade. The money market is made up of specialized facilities of exactly this kind. It exists for the purpose of improving the ability of the retailers of financial services―commercial banks, savings institutions, investment houses, lending agencies, and even governme nts―to do their job. It has little if any contact with the individuals or firms who maintain accounts with these various retailers or purchase their securities or borrow from them.The elemental functions of a money market must be performed in any kind of modern economy, even one that is largely planned or socialist, but the arrangements in socialist countries do not ordinarily take the form of a market. Money markets exist in countries that use market processes rather than planned allocations to distribute most of their primary resourcesamong alternative uses. The general distinguishing feature of a money market is that it relies upon open competition among those who are bulk suppliers of funds at any particular time and among those seeking bulk funds, to work out the best practicable distribution of the existing total volume of such funds.In their market transactions, those with bulk supplies of funds or demands for them, rely on groups of intermediaries who act as brokers or dealers. The characteristics of these middlemen, the services they perform, and their relationship to other parts of the financial vary widely from country to country. In many countries there is no single meeting place where the middlemen get together, yet in most countries the contacts among all participants are sufficiently open and free to assure each supplier or user of funds that he will get or pay a price that fairly reflects all of the influences (including his own) that are currently affecting the whole supply and the whole demand. In nearly all cases, moreover, the unifying force of competition is reflected at any given moment in a common price (that is, rate of interest) for similar transactions. Continuous fluctuations in the money market rates of interest result from changes in the pressure of available supplies of funds upon the market and in the pull of current demands upon the market.26. The first paragraph is mainly about .A. the definition of money marketB. the constitution of a money marketC. the basic functions of a money marketD. the general feature of a money market27. According to this passage, the money market .A. provides convenient services to its customersB. has close contact with the individuals or firms seeking fundsC. maintains accounts with various retailers of financial servicesD. is made up of institutions who specialize in handling wholesale monetary transactions28. Which of the following statements concerning money market is not true according to this passage?A. Money market does not exist in planned economies.B. Money market has been established in some socialist countries.C. Money market encourages open competition among bulk suppliers offunds.D. Money market relies upon market processes to distribute funds to final users.29. The author uses the example of middleman to show .A. market transactions are important in different countriesB. dealers are needed in doing businessC. middlemen can play great role in different transactions and different countries.D. middlemen in different countries have different actions in business.30. According to this passage, .A. brokers usually perform the same kinds of services to their customersB. brokers have little contact with each otherC. open competition tends to result in a common price for similar transactions at any given momentD. changes in the pressure of available supplies of funds upon market tends to maintain a common price for similar transactionsText 3Environmental issues raise a host of difficult ethical questions, includingthe ancient one of the nature of intrinsic value. Whereas many philosophers in the past have agreed that human experiences have intrinsic value and the utilitarians at least have always accepted that the pleasures and pains of nonhuman animals are of some intrinsic significance, this does not show why it is so bad if dodos become extinct or a rain forest is cut down. Are these things to be regretted only because of the loss to humans or other sentient creatures? Or is there more to it than that? Some philosophers are now prepared to defend the view that trees, rivers, species (considered apart from the individual animals of which they consist), and perhaps ecological systems as a whole have a value independent of the instrumental value they may have for humans or other sentient creatures.Our concern for the environment also raises the question of our obligations to future generations. How much do we owe to the future? From a social contract view of ethics or for the ethical egoist, the answer would seem to be: nothing. For we can benefit them, but they are unable to reciprocate. Most other ethical theories, however, do give weight to the interests of coming generations. Utilitarians, for one, would not think that the fact that members of future generations do not exist yet is any reason for giving less consideration to their interests than we give to our own,provided only that we are certain that they will exist and will have interests that will be affected by what we do. In the case of, say, the storage of radioactive wastes, it seems clear that what we do will indeed affect the interests of generations to come.The question becomes much more complex, however, when we consider that we can affect the size of future generations by the population policies we choose and the extent to which we encourage large or small families. Most environmentalists believe that the world is already dangerously overcrowded. This may well be so, but the notion of overpopulation conceals a philosophical issue that is ingeniously explored by Derek Parfit in Reasons and Persons (1984). What is optimum population? Is it that population size at which the average level of welfare will be as high as possible? Or is it the size at which the total amount of welfare―the average multiplied by the number of people―is as great as possible? Both answers lead to counterintuitive outcomes, and the question remains one of the most baffling mysteries in applied ethics.31. The first paragraph is mainly about .［A］the intrinsic value of human experiences［B］the intrinsic value of the experiences of nonhuman animals ［C］the intrinsic value of ecological system as a whole［D］an ancient ethical question about the nature of intrinsic value 32. , we owe nothing to the future generations.［A］In the author’s opinion［B］From a social contrast view of ethics［C］For a utilitarian［D］For most environmentalists33. Population policy we take should be considered .［A］positive ［B］negative ［C］complex ［D］reasonable34. According to this passage, optimum population .［A］refers to the population size at which the average level of welfare will be as high as possible［B］refers to the population size at which the total amount of welfare will be as great as possible［C］is a difficult philosophical issue which remains to be resolved in the future［D］is a difficult philosophical issue which Derek Parfit has successfully settled in Reasons and Persons35. The proper title for this passage should be .［A］A Mystery in Applied Ethics［B］Our Obligations to Future Generations［C］Environmental Ethics［D］Environmental issuesText 4Perhaps only a small boy training to be a wizard at the Hogwarts school of magic could cast a spell so powerful as to create the biggest book launch ever. Wherever in the world the clock strikes midnight on June 20th, his followers will flock to get their paws on one of more than 10m copies of “Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix”. Bookshops will open in the middle of the night and delivery firms are drafting in extra staff and bigger trucks. Related toys, games, DVDs and other merchandise will be everywhere. There will be no escaping Pottermania.Yet Mr Potter’s world is a curious one, in which things are often not what they appear. While an excitable media (hereby including The Economist, happy to support such a fine example of globalisation) is helping to hype the launch of J.K. Rowling’s fifth novel, about the most adventurous thing that the publishers (Scholastic in America and Britain’s Bloomsbury in English elsewhere) have organised is a reading by Ms Rowling in London’s Royal Albert Hall, to be broadcast as a live webcast.Hollywood, which owns everything else to do with Harry Potter, says it is doing even less. Incredible as it may seem, the guardians of the brand say that, to protect the Potter franchise, they are trying to maintain a low profile. Well, relatively low.Ms Rowling signed a contract in 1998 with Warner Brothers, part of AOL Time Warner, giving the studio exclusive film, licensing and merchandising rights in return for what now appears to have been a steal: some $500,000. Warner licenses other firms to produce goods using Harry Potter characters or images, from which Ms Rowling gets a big enough cut that she is now wealthier than the queen―if you believe Britain’book sets the stage for a film, which boosts book sales, which lifts sales of Potter products.Globally, the first four Harry Potter books have sold some 200m copies in 55 languages; the two movies have grossed over $1.8 billion at the box office. This is a stunning success by any measure, especially as Ms Rowling has long demanded that Harry Potter should not be over commercialised. In line with her wishes, Warner says it is beingextraordinarily careful, at least by Hollywood standards, about what it licenses and to whom. It imposed tough conditions on Coca Cola, insisting that no Harry Potter images should appear on cans, and is now in the process of making its licensing programme even more restrictive. Coke may soon be considered too mass market to carry the brand at all.The deal with Warner ties much of the merchandising to the films alone. There are no officially sanctioned products relating to “Order of the Phoenix”; nor yet for “Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban”, the film of the third book, which is due out in June 2004. Warner agrees that Ms Rowling’s creation is a different sort of commercial property, one with long-term potential that could be damaged by a typical Hollywood marketing blitz, says Diane Nelson, the studio’s global brand manager for Harry Potter. It is vital, she adds, that with more to come, readers of the books are not alienated. “The evidence from our market research is that enthusiasm for the property by fans is not waning.”36. When the author says “there will be no escaping Potter mania”, he implies that .［A］Harry Potter’s appeal for the readers is simply irresistible［B］it is somewhat irrational to be so crazy about the magic boy ［C］craze about Harry Potter will not be over in the near future［D］Hogwarts school of magic will be the biggest attraction world over37. Ms Rowling’s reading in London’s Royal Albert Hall is mentioned to show .［A］publishers are really adventurous in managing the Potter’s business［B］businesses are actually more credible than media in Potter’s world［C］the media are promoting Pottermania more actively than Hollywood［Ｄ］businesses involved with Potter are moving along in an unusual way38. The author believes that .［A］Britain’s Sunday Times rich list is not very convincing as it sounds［B］Time Warner’s management of licenses is a bit over commercialised［C］other firms may produce goods using Harry Potter images at will［D］what Ms Rowling got in return for her offering to Warner is a real bargain39. Paragraph 4 intends mainly to show Warner’s .［A］determination to promote Potter［B］consistence in conducting busines［C］high regard for Ms Rowling’s request［D］careful restrictions on licensing to Coco-Cola40. It can be concluded from the last paragraph that .［A］products of Potter films have brought enormous profits to Warner ［B］current Hollywood’s marketing of Potter may damage its potential ［C］readers could get tired of Ms Rowling’s writings sooner or later ［D］Warner will maintain the same strategy with Potter in futurePart BSample 1Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)．Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. (41) Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ 60 percent of the workforce and expected to generate half of all new jobs between now and the year 2,000.(42)Too many of these pioneers, however, will blaze ahead unprepared. Idealists will overestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. (43). Midcareer executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may save the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also. at least for a while, be bookkeepers andpercent of the companies surveyed were still alive. Most credited their success in large part to having picked a business they already were comfortable in Eighty percent had worked with the same product or service in their last jobs.Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviously critical.(45) you must tenderly monitor its pulse, in their zeal, to expand. Small business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or of decaying profitability. They hopefully four more and more into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that means the market for their ingenious service or product has evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices.To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer the new markets, add products or perhaps franchise your hot ideas.［A］Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save.［B］But many entrepreneurs forget that a firm’s health in its infancy may be little indication of how well it will age .［C］Frequent checks of your firm’s vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth.［D］Some 1.2 million small forms have opened their doors over the past 6 years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own.［E］According to small Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to disappear in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now.［F］But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economy’s vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and are factories.［G］Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requiresSample 2Directions:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragrphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)［A］Chaste women are often proud and froward, as presuming upon the merit of their chastity. It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity andobedience, in the wife, if she think her husband wise; which she will never do, if she find him jealous.［B］He that has wife and children has given hostages to fortune; for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief. Certainly the best works, and of greatest merit for the public, have proceeded from the unmarried or childless men; which both in affection and means, have married and endowed the public. Yet it were great reason that those that have children, should have greatest care of future times; unto which they know they must transmit their dearest pledges.［C］Certainly wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity; and single men, though they may be many times more charitable, because their means are less exhaust, yet, on the other side, they are more cruel and hardhearted (good to make severe inquisitors), because their tenderness is not so oft called upon. Grave natures, led by custom, and therefore constant, are commonly loving husbands, as was said of Ulysses。