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高一第二学期第一次月考部分试题(理科分化衰老大题部分)

高一第二学期第一次月考部分试题(理科分化衰老大题部分)
高一第二学期第一次月考部分试题(理科分化衰老大题部分)

1.下列关于细胞癌变的叙述,错误的是()

A.癌细胞在条件适宜时可以无限增殖

B.癌变前后,细胞的形态结构有明显差别

C.病毒癌基因可整合到宿主基因组诱发癌变

D.原癌基因的主要功能是阻止细胞发生异常增殖

【解析】D本题主要考查细胞癌变的知识。原癌基因主要负责调节细胞周期,控制细胞生长和分裂的进程;而抑癌基因才是阻止细胞不正常的增殖。

2.下列关于细胞增殖、分化、衰老、凋亡、癌变的叙述不合理的是( )

A.细胞总体的衰老导致个体的衰老,但细胞衰老不等同于个体的衰老

B.体内正常细胞的寿命受分裂次数的限制,细胞增殖受环境影响

C.细胞分化是基因选择性表达的结果,细胞全能性的实现与分化无关

D.细胞不分化意味着细胞可能发生癌变,促进细胞凋亡可以治疗癌症

【解析】C细胞分化是基因选择性表达的结果,细胞全能性的实现与分化有关,分化程度越高,细胞的全能性就越低。

3. 6.下图表示一个细胞有丝分裂过程中染色体变化的不同情况。在整个细胞周期中,染色体的变化顺序是()

A.(1)(4)(5)(3)(2) B.(2)(3)(1)(4)(5)

C.(1)(5)(4)(3)(2) D.(5)(4)(3)(2)(1)

答案 C

解析根据染色体形态和数目的变化来分析。细胞分裂间期是新细胞周期的开始,该时期发生的主要变化是:染色体的复制,并且染色体呈现染色质状态,故应首先选(1),排除了B、D两项。在A、C两项中关键的是(4)、(5)两项哪一项应该排在前。在细胞有丝分裂的前期和中期,每条染色体都包含两条染色单体,但是,在细胞分裂的中期,每条染色体的着丝点的两侧都有纺锤丝附着在上面,因此(5)表示分裂前期,(4)表示的是有丝分裂的中期,分裂后期的变化特点是每条染色

体着丝点一分为二并在纺锤丝的牵引下向细胞的两极移动,因此,(3)表示有丝分裂的后期,(2)表示有丝分裂的末期。

4.母兔的卵巢中有5个卵原细胞,经过减数分裂,形成的结果是()

A20个卵细胞B 10个卵细胞和10个极体

C 5个卵细胞和5个极体

D 5个卵细胞和15个极体

答案D

5.人的体细胞中有46条染色体,则人的初级精母细胞中有四分体()

A. 23对B.46个C.23个D.46对

答案:C

6.(10分)下图表示干细胞的三个发育途径。据图回答下列问题:

(1)由A细胞形成的B细胞仍然保持着其特有的________能力,A细胞到C细胞的过程是由________控制的。

(2)若D细胞是胰腺细胞,则结构⑦所起的作用是___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ __________________________。

(3)A细胞分化成D细胞的根本原因是____________。

(4)若D细胞是正在衰老的细胞,则细胞中结构⑧发生的变化是______________________。

(5)由A细胞到形成多个D细胞的过程,必须经过细胞的________分裂。

(6)用丙酮从D细胞中提取脂质,在空气——水界面上铺展成单分子层,测得的单分子层面积是否大于D细胞表面积的2倍?_______。理由是___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ __________。

答案(1)分裂和分化基因(2)对来自内质网的蛋白质进行加工、转运、分类和包装(答出其中两项即可)(3)基因的选择性表达(4)细胞核体积增大,核膜内折,染色质收缩(答出其中两项即可)(5)有丝(6)是细胞内除了细胞膜以外,还有其他生物膜

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