中考阅读理解专项训练一

初三中考初中语文阅读理解专项训练及答案一、现代文阅读1．现代文阅读阅读下面文章，完成后面小题向大海也能要“药”刘诗瑶①前不久，由中国海洋大学、中国科学院上海药物研究所和上海绿谷制药联合研发的治疗阿尔茨海默症新药“甘露寡糖二酸”（GV—971）顺利完成临床Ⅲ期试验，在新药研制上迈过了最关键的一步。

该药物是从海藻中提取的海洋寡糖类分子，其新颖的作用模式与独特的多靶作用特征，为阿尔茨海默症药物研发开辟了新路径。

②海洋约占地球表面积的71%，是巨大的生物资源库。

以海洋生物和海洋矿物中的有效成分为基础开发的药物就是海洋药物。

据中国海洋大学、青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室学委会主任管华诗院士介绍，目前认识和开发的海洋药物主要来自海洋生物资源。

③人类主要生活在陆地上，所研发的药物主要来源于陆地，但使用多了，就有可能产生耐药性。

于是，人们将目光转向了浩瀚深邃的海洋。

④除了够新，海洋药物还够“奇”。

据管华诗介绍，为了适应在深海环境中的生存、繁衍、防御等活动，深海生物进化出了独特的基因，耐寒耐热耐高压等，能够产生结构奇特、活性多样显著的海洋天然产物，它们为现代创新药物研发提供了重要结构信息，是肿瘤、心脑血管疾病、免疫性疾病、神经系统疾病等人类重大疾病药物先导化合物发现的重要源泉。

⑤半个多世纪以来，全球共有13个海洋创新药物被批准上市，其中管华诗院士1985年开发上市的我国首个海洋新药藻酸双酯钠（PSS）就是其中之一。

进入21世纪后，海洋药物的开发和上市速度明显加快，十几年间，先后有8个海洋药物被美国FDA（食品药品监督管理局）或欧盟EMEA（欧洲药品评估局）批准上市。

到2016年，海洋药物的全球市场达到86亿美元，已成为蓝色经济发展中的重要一极。

⑥据了解，世界各国尤其是美国、日本及欧盟等国家纷纷制订相应计划，斥巨资开发海洋生物资源，海洋药物已经成为国际医药领域竞争的热点。

⑦但向大海要“药”，并不容易。

⑧首先是采样难。

初中阅读理解专项训练每组训练为4篇文章，A 篇为判断正（T ）误（F ），B 、C 、D 篇为选择题。

阅读理解专项训练（1）AA lot of earthquakes happen in the world every year. Why do earthquakes happen? Scientists tell us the outside of the earth is made of a number of different plates (板块. The plates move very slowly. Sometimes they stop and don’t move for a long time. When some of the earth’s plates move suddenly, an earthquake happens.Many earthquakes happen under the sea. Sometimes they happen near mountains. In fact, earthquakes may happen anywhere on the earth.During an earthquake, the shakings make rocks rise suddenly and even break open. Houses fall. People are killed or hurt. Sometimes whole villages or cities are destroyed.Can we do something to keep ourselves safe from earthquakes? Scientists haves tudied earthquakes and made maps that show―earthquake belts‖. In the areas in these belts, it’s possible for earthquakes to happen. In these areas we can make houses strong enough to stand against earthquakes.In the future, scientists will be able to predict (预言 exactly when and where an earthquake will happen. They can tell us what to do and how to do it as well.( 1. Few earthquakes happen in the world every year.( 2. The outside of the earth is made of a number of different plates.( 3. We can do nothing to keep ourselves safe from earthquake.( 4. A map showing the earthquake belts tells people what kind of houses can stand in an earthquake.( 5. In the future, scientists can predict exactly when and where an earthquake will happen. BMany people say that they are working too many hours. They don't have enough time to relax or to stay with their family.Work hours are different from one country to another. In France, people spend about 1,646 hours a year at work. In Japan, however, people work about 2,159 hours a year. That means a Japanese worker works 513 more hours a year than a French worker.Why do people work so many hours? Some people work extra hours because they want to make more money. However, many companies don't pay overtime. Their workers don't get more pay for more work. Some people think it's their duty to work more hours. Some are afraid of losing their jobs if they don't work more hours.Many people say that their vacations are too short. In France, people get five weeks of paid vacation a year. In Germany, they get four to six weeks, and in the United States, two weeks. One study shows fewer than half of workers used all their vacation days. In Great Britain, there is a saying, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull (迟钝的 boy." If that is true, there must be a lot of dull people in the world.( 6. A Japanese worker works __ more hours a year than a French one.A. 513B. 1,646C. 2,159D. 3,805( 7. The word "extra" in Paragraph 3 means ".A. 正常的B. 额外的C. 有用的D. 少量的( 8. People in ________ get only two weeks of paid vacation a year.A. FranceB. GermanyC. the United StatesD. Great Britain( 9. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. No companies offer vacations to their workers.B. Many people say they have enough time to relax.C. Not all companies pay their workers for more work.D. More than half of workers use all their vacation days.( 10. What can we infer from the passage?A. Many workers have to work long hours.B. Many people have vacations long enough.C. Work hours are the same around the world.D. There are a lot of dull people in the world.C①"I will think of it." It is easy to say this, but do you know what great things have come from thinking? Though we can not see, or hear, or feel our thoughts, they have great power (力量 ! ②Isaac Newton was seated in his garden on a summer evening when he saw an apple fall from a tree. He began to think, and tried to find out why the apple fell. Then he discovered how the earth, sun, moon, and stars are kept in their places.③James Ferguson once saw the inside of his father's watch, and he wondered, "Why should I not make a watch?" This set him thinking and it led to a wooden clock which kept good time.④Walt Disney, the famous American film-maker, was often thinking of new ideas. One day, when he was in a meeting, he suddenly stopped talking, deep in thought. He looked and looked at a place high up in the room. This continued for a long time, end then he got an idea for a new cartoon.⑤Ideas come at any time, end the important thing is to think. When you meet with any difficulty, don't lose heart. Try to think of it before asking someone to help you. Think and by thinking you will learn how to think creatively.( 11. Newton wanted to find out ________.A. when the apple hit himB. why the apple fellC. who made the apple fallD. where the apple fell( 12. ________ made a wooden clock.A. Isaac NewtonB. Walt DisneyC. James FergusonD. James' father( 13. Walt Disney was ________ when he got an idea for a new cartoon.A. making a filmB. telling a storyC. having a meetingD. sitting in a garden( 14. From the passage we can learn thatA. we should always ask others for helpB. every one of us likes thinkingC. it is easy to see and hear our thoughtsD. thinking helps to get new ideas( 15. Which of the following shows the structure (结构 of the passage?（①=Paragraph 1, ②= Paragraph 2, …）DThe human brain weighs about 1.4 kilograms, but it can, hold much more information than most computers. However, there is another difference between humans and computers. Computers don't forget information they are given, but humans often do. No one remembers everything, and luckily we don't usually have to. But everyone can improve their memory if they want to. Here are some suggestions.◆Try to use new informati6n immediately. For example, if you meet someone who says "Hi! I'm Carlos," don't just say "Hello." Repeat the person's name. Say"____"◆Break a big number into smaller parts. For example, it's hard to memorize (记忆109244153. But if you break it into three parts--109/244/153—it becomes easier.◆Write out what you need to remember ever and over again. This will help you keep it in mind longer, especially for memorizing formulas (公式 or facts.◆Always review information. If you bring what you've learned back to your mind, they become easier to remember. For example, before you go to sleep, it’s a good idea to review the new things you learned that clay.◆Discuss with a friend. It is always easier to remember things through discussions. You can have a discussion about what's right and what's wrong, and it will lead to the right answer.◆Never tell yourself that you have a bad memory. You can always do something to help improve your memory. And everyone's memory gets better if they use it often enough.All of the suggestions are helpful. If you follow them, you are certain to improve your memory.( 16. How many suggestions are mentioned in the passage?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.( 17. Which should be put in the blank (空格 in Paragraph 2？A. Hello, Carlos.B. How do you do?C. Hello, I am Sophia.D. Glad to meet you!( 18. What can help memorize a big number more easily according to the passage?A. To store it in a computer.B. To break it into stunner parts.C. To discuss it with a friend.D. To review it before you sleep.( 19. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Discussing with friends can help you remember things.B. Always reviewing information can help you fall asleep.C. Formulas and facts can help you learn about your brain.D. Human beings can improve their memory by computer( 20. What does the sentence "Never tell yourself that you have a bad memory‖ mean?A. You should tell others about your bad memory.B. You should believe in other people all the time.C. You should ask others to improve their memory.D. You should be confident in your memory ability.阅读理解专项训练（2）AA long time ago. there was an emperor. He had a beautiful garden. In the garden, there was a little nightingale(夜莺 singing very beautifully.One day the emperor heard about this little bird's beautiful voice. He asked his guards to bring her to him. As soon as the emperor heard the nightingale's voice, he said, "Put her in a golden cage, so she can stay and sing for me whenever I want to hear her. "The tittle bird was so unhappy about being kept in the cage that she stopped singing one day. The emperor was very angry. He ordered the scientists in his palace to make a robot bird for him. The bird could sing very beautifully, too. The emperor was pleased.Soon the robot bird became old. It no longer sang beautiful songs. Just at that time, the emperor became very weak. One morning, while lying in bed, the emperor wanted it to sing once again. But the robot bird couldn't sing any more. Suddenly the nightingale landed on the window. She began to sing her most beautiful song. The emperor was very happy! He became better and better each day.After the emperor was well，he changed a lot and became kind to his people. From then on, all his people cherished(爱戴 him for his love and kindness.( 1. Both the nightingale and the robot bird had a beautiful voice.( 2. The emperor kept the nightingale in a golden cage in order to hear her sing at any time.( 3. The nightingale was very happy after she was kept in the golden cage.( 4. The emperor was not satisfied with the robot bird at first.( 5. The emperor learnt from the nightingale what love and kindness was.BIn the year 2050, there will be different kinds of materials for clothes. Special materials will keep the clothes clean for ever. They will never get dirty or wear out. We will have less work because we won’t have to wash them. So we can save water and money. And children won’t worry about what to wear to school every day. They won’t go to school. They’ll stay at home in front of their computers to study. They can wear their favorite ―Saturday clothes‖ every day. It will be fun. Do you think so? What do you think school clothes and school life will be like in 2050?( 6. Maybe we wash clothes in the year 2050.A. didn’tB. needn’tC. mustn’tD. won’t be allowed to( 7. Why won’t the children go to school?A. because they’ll play at home.B. because they hate to go to school.C. because they’ll study on the Internet.D. because they’ll wash clothes to make money.( 8. Will the clothes get dirty in the year 2050?A. No, it won’t.B. Yes, they will.C. Yes, it will.D. No, they won’t.( 9. In the year 2050, the clothes will not for everA. wear out or get dirtyB. wear wellC. be thinner and thinnerD. be fantastic( 10. From the passage,which of the following is NOT true?A. There will be different kinds of materials for clothes .B. The children can wear their favorite clothes.C. The children always worry about what to wear .D. The children can study at home in front of their computers.CAt East China University of Science and Technology,students will get a coupon (优惠券 if they eat up their food.Students can collect coupons and exchange them for small gifts, such as books, magazines, mobile phone covers and hand warmers."It's been such a surprise," said Liang Zhaoyun, 19, a student at the university in Shanghai."It has given us one more motivation to finish our food. "The measure is part of a national "eat-up" campaign(行动 which is organized by students to deal with food waste on campuses(校园.Why only on campuses, you might ask? Because according to a report by Xinhua News Agency, students waste twice as much food as the national average(平均.The campaign on campus food waste is receiving attention across the country."The aim of the campaign is not only to encourage students to finish their food. We hope it can also encourage students to choose a more environment-friendly and healthy lifestyle," said Tao Siliang, secretary of the Youth League Committee at Shanghai University.But some school food is poorly prepared, so students do not like to finish it all. Some schools have taken notice of this and they are taking measures to improve it."I'm glad that we've reduced food waste since the 'eat-up' campaign began. But if we call on students to waste less food, we should also improve the service and food standard on campuses." said Tao.( 11. From Paragraph 1 we know that the students will get a coupon .A. when they eat school foodB. after they exchange giftsC. if they finish all their foodD. if they collect the waste( 12. The under lined word "motivation" in Paragraph 2 means in Chinese.A. 动力B. 机会C. 试验D. 条件( 13. The "eat-up" campaign is carried out on campuses because ________.A. students get a good educationB. schools offer small giftsC. students waste too much foodD. school food is more delicious( 14. The purpose of the campaign is mainly to ________ .A. improve the school food standardB. encourage a greener and healthier lifestyleC. receive attention from the societyD. further improve the service in universities( 15. The best title for this passage may be _______.A. Enjoy Your Food!B. Reduce Waste on CampusC. Meals in Universities.D. "Eat-up" Campaign on CampusDQi Haoran, a Junior 1 student, was quite busy over the past winter vacation – and not just with homework. Qi, together with 10 other classmates made a volunteer group to call on people to join the Clean Your Plate Campaign (―光盘行动‖.The 11 students went to many restaurants and told people the importance of saving food. ―Excuse me, do you know that 950 million people around the world still haven’t got enough to eat? Please don’t waste food.‖ They would say this kind of thing hundreds of times every day. The Clean Your Plate Campaign began on the Internet in January. It calls on people to reduce food waste.China in these years had serious problems with wasted food. CCTV reported in January that the food Chinese people waste every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year.Chinese people are well known for being hospitable (好客的 and generous（大方的）. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food.Luckily, the campaign has got the support of many. In a restaurant in Xinjiang, the owner give the guests who have eaten all that they ordered a sticker (贴花. People can enjoy a free meal when they have 10 stickers. More than 750 restaurants in Beijing have begun to offersmaller dishes and encourage their guests to take leftovers (剩饭剩菜 home.To reduce food was te is a big task, and it needs time. It’s important that everyone does their bit, just like Qi. Did you finish your meals today?( 16. What did the 11 students do in the winter vacation?A. The helped each other with homework.B. They opened a restaurant together.C. They volunteered for a campaign.D. They collected money from customers in restaurants.( 17. In this passage the underlined word ―call on ‖ means ______.A. 打电话B. 号召C. 拜访D. 叫喊( 18. The Clean Your Plate Campaign calls on people to _____.A. do volunteer workB. work part time in restaurantsC. cut down on food wasteD. wash your plates after dinner( 19. From Paragraphs 4-5, we learn that _____.A. wasting food is a serious problem in ChinaB. Chinese people waste the most food in the worldC. Chinese people want to show off that they are richD. most Chinese people are afraid of losing face at the table( 20. What did the restaurant in Beijing do to support the campaign?A. The owner would have dinner with those who had eaten up their food.B. It offered a free meal to the guests who had finished all their food ten times.C. It gave stickers to the guests who ordered small dishes.D. It encouraged customers to take leftovers home.阅读理解专项训练（3）ARobots have been designed to do many things, such as saving people, working in a hospital, serving for us and so on.There are some robots working in the Jinjiang Robot Hotel in Tongren, Guizhou. One hundred customers can have a big dinner in it together. Two of the robots serve drinks, while the other four serve the food. But not all the work in the restaurant is done by them. There are also people working there, especially in the kitchen. The cooks are humans, because the robots don’t have the skills to cook.( 1.Robots can work in a hospital.( 2. Four robots work in the Jinjiang Robot Hotel.( 3.No people work in the kitchen .( 4.Robots can serve drinks and the food.( 5.The robots can cook delicious food.BWill you be excited when you finally get to relax?What will the Junior 3 students do to celebrate after the senior high school entrance exams in June? Here, three of them tell us what they plan to do after the big exam.Li Junzhe, 15, Huaihua, Hunan:My friends and I will travel to Beijing and the Shanghai Expo right after the exam. We planned to go by ourselves but were turned down by our parents. They said we were too young to travel alone. Actually I'm okay with it because I've already traveled by myself.Zhu Hangian, 15, Dexing, Jiangxi:What am I going to do this summer? Of course I'll go to see the Shanghai Expo! But before that, I will watch movies. Because of the big exam, I haven't seen any movies for along time. I will watch whatever is in the cinema! As for the Expo, I can't wait to see the seeds in the UK Pavilion. Dong Xu, 14, Dalian, Liaoning:I will, no doubt, play computer games for days after the big exam. My mother never let me during the past few years. I can't imagine how exciting it will be now. Also my friends and I will go to see the Shanghai Expo. The first must-see on my list is the Liaoning Pavilion, our home pavilion. I'm curious (好奇的 about what we are showing to the world there.( 6. The underlined word "Pavilion." means _______ in Chinese.A. 场馆B. 水族馆C. 溜冰场D. 台球馆( 7. Who has the experience of travelling alone?A. Dong XuB. NobodyC. Zhu HangjianD. Li Junzhe( 8. Zhu Hangian will ________ before traveling to Shanghai.A. watch movies at homeB. play computer gamesC. see films in the cinemaD. go to Beijing with his friends( 9. The three students will be excited about their summer plans because_______.A. they will play games for daysB. they all want to see moviesC. they will go to see the Shanghai ExpoD. they will travel to Beijing( 10. What is the best title for this passage?A. A Plan To The Shanghai Expo.B. Summer fun ahead!C. A trip To Shanghai.D. The Big Exam.CPart-time waiterBusy café needs honest and reliable waiter for weekends. Must enjoy working with a team and dealing with customers. Call Serge at 95562476 after 6 pm.Delivery （投递，传送）personYoung, fit person required to deliver heavy boxes of books. Must have a driver’s license and be able to carry heavy boxes. We are looking for a trust worthy person for this position. Call Gary at 0556-805987 any time.Nanny wantedKind, hard-working nanny wanted to look after three friendly children. Must be experienced and have childcare qualifications（资格）. Please call Tess at 98674451 between 10 am and 3 pm. Alice, Sonia and Bobby are looking at the employment section in their local newspaper. They are looking at advertisements for different types of jobs.―Why don’t you apply（申请）for the job as a waiter, Bobby?‖ said Alice.―Do you think I will have a chance?‖ Bobby replied.―Of course you will,‖ said Alice. ―You ’re certainly honest and reliable（可靠的）. Everyone trusts you, and you’re never late.‖―I think Sonia should apply for the job as a nanny,‖ Bobby said.―Yes, Sonia,‖ Alice said. ―You always work so hard and you love children. You would be perfect!‖ ―I’d love to do it,‖ Sonia said, ―but the advert isement says they want someone who is experienced. I don’t have any experience or qualifications. But what about you, Alice?―Yes, Alice,‖ Bobby said. ―Which job would you like‖?―I think I should become a career advisor!‖ said Alice.( 11.What does the underlined word ―nanny‖ mean?A. 女工B. 阿姨C. 佣人D. 保姆( 12.The friends are looking at the employment section in the newspaper for_______.A. moneyB. advertisementsC. jobsD. chances( 13.Who is supposed to be a good waiter?A. AliceB. SoniaC. BobbyD. Serge.( 14. If Bobby wanted the jobs at the café he could call Serge __________.A. anytimeB. after 6 pmC. before 10 amD. after 3 pm( 15. Alice was the most active of the three in ________.A. giving suggestionsB. applying for jobsC. making experiencesD. looking at the employment advertisementsDDifferent weather makes people feel different. It influences health, intelligence(智力and feelings.In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month. In the Northeast and the Middle West, it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times.People in these states(州 have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March.The weather can also influence intelligence. For example, in a 1983 report by scientists, IQ(智商 of a group of students was very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their IQ was 10% lower. The wind can help people have more intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand, can make it lower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August.Weather also has a strong influence on people’s feelings. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold during these months. They might feel unhappy during cold weather. But fat people may have a hard time in hot summer. At about 18℃, people become stronger. Low air pressure(气压 may make people forgetful(健忘. People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days. People feel best at a temperature of about 18℃.Are you feeling sad, tired, forgetful, or unhappy today? It may be the weather’s problem.( 16.What can cause problems on health？A. Hot and wet weatherB. A strong windC. Warm weatherD. Low air pressure( 17.A report shows that people may have more intelligence when ______ comes.A. rainB. a strong windC. very hot weatherD. low air pressure( 18.According to(根据 the writer, fat people may feel bad in ______ weather.A. coldB. coolC. warmD. hot( 19. The writer wants to tell us that ______.A. hot and cold weather influences all people in the same wayB. weather influences people’s behaviourC. IQ changes when weather changesD. people feel good on low pressure days( 20.Which is the best title(标题 for this passage？A. Hot Weather Causes Health Problems.B. Different Weather Makes People Feel Bad.C. Weather Influences Feelings.D. Weather Influences Health, Intelligence and Feelings. 阅读理解专项训练(4AMrs . Jackson is an American doctor . She is now in China . She works in a children' s hospital in Chongqing . She is also learning Chinese medicine there . She likes Chinese medicine very much . She loves to work for children . She works hard in the day and reads English books on Chinese medicine at night . She learns Chinese from the Chinese doctors and her Chinese friends . Now she can speak some Chinese . She can read some Chinese ,too.Her husband , Mr. Jackson , is a teacher . He teaches English in a middle school in Chongqing . He works hard ,too. He works from Monday to Friday . He teaches three classes every day .he wants to make more money .( 1.The Jacksons are from England .( 2. Mrs . Jackson works in a children' s hospital in Shanghai .( 3. Mrs . Jackson is learning Chinese now .( 4. Mr. Jackson is an English teacher( 5.Mr. Jackson doesn' t work hard .BRobots aren’t only in the movies or on TV. One ―real‖ robot recently married a couple at a wedding ceremony in Tokyo, Japan.Fifty guests stood as the music played and the bride(新娘walked down towards the groom(新郎. Only one guest stayed seated - the minister(牧师, who happened to be a robot. For this special ceremony, the four-foot tall robot named I-Fairy wore flowers around her head. I-Fairy’s eyes fla shed colored lights as she pronounced the couple man-and-wife and asked the groom to kiss the bride. The wedding was the first time a marriage had been led by a robot, according to the company that built I-Fairy.A robot might seem like an unusual choice(选择to lead a wedding, but if you knew the couple you would think I-Fairy was the perfect choice. That’s because the groom teaches robotics at a university and the bride works for the company that built I-Fairy. The newly married couple hopes their wedding will encourage more uses for robots. They hope their wedding will give people ideas about ways in which they might use robots to do ―everyday things‖ in their lives in the near future.( 6. The ―real‖ robot is the ________ at the wedding ceremony.A. brideB. groomC. reporterD. minister( 7. Which is TRUE about the robot?A. It wore flowers around the neck for the ceremonyB. Its eyes flashed colored lights while it was speaking.C. It was built by the I-fairy company.D. It kissed the newly married couple.( 8. In paragraph(段落3, ―robotics ‖ must be the ________ on how robots are made and used.A. scienceB. bookC. magazineD. cartoon( 9. We can learn from the last paragraph that________•A. it is very usual for robots to lead weddingsB. a robot is the pe rfect choice for everybody’s weddingC. the wedding is expected to encourage people to use robots moreD. people get ideas on how to do everything with robots in the near future( 10. This passage is a(n ________.A. novelB. news reportC. folk storyD. advertisementCLightning(闪电is shocking, and it happens all over the world! Scientists think that there are more than three million lightning strikes(袭击every day in the world-that’s thirty strikes every second. Lightning can also be very dangerous. Every year, lightning kills people because it can start big fires or because it reaches temperatures up to 28,000 degrees centigrade. American Roy Sullivan, who worked in a park, holds the record for surviving the most lightning strikes. Between 1942 and 1983, he was hit seven times!So, why does lightning strike? Lightning strikes happen when ice and water in clouds rub(摩擦together, and cause atmospheric(大气层的changes. When this happens,it creates a static charge(静电电荷. Lightning can strike inside the cloud, between two clouds and between a cloud and Earth. It’s the last type of strike that is the most dangerous for humans. About 1,000 people get struck by lightning every year in the United States, and about 100 of them die as a result.Lightning is certainly not some thing to toy with. When lightning strikes, it’s best to stay inside a large building. To stay safe, do not stand under trees, on hills or near water. Trees attract lightning. Also, do not lie down on the ground, otherwise the electricity may go through you and cause a heart disease.( 11. Lightning strikes ________.A. happen three billion times each dayB. will start when there are big firesC. can reach very high temperaturesD. kill all those who work in a park( 12. What does ―surviving‖ in paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?A. 目睹B. 幸存C. 制造D. 遇难( 13. We can infer(推断from paragraph 3 that ________.A. lightning strikes are caused whenever ice and water meetB. lightning between two clouds is the most dangerous for humansC. lightning strikes create static chargeD. about one tenth of the people struck by lightning die every year in America( 14. Which expression means ―to toy with‖ in the last paragraph?A. to play withB. to take seriouslyC. to show offD. to take it easy( 15. Where’s the best place to be when lightning strikes?。

阅读排序一．阅读理解（共15小题）1．阅读下面一则小故事，将描述故事发展的五个段落重新排列，使故事完整．Jolie Ray was watching TV alone at home when the program was suddenly broken off．（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）"You really did a good job．Miss Ray．When you said that your brother was in the room，I realized there must be something unusual，" said Mr．Collins，"because we knew that your brother had been killed ina robbery half a year ago．"2．Many people are riding shared bikes in the street in China．Do you know how to use a shared bike？There are four steps：please put them in the right order．A．Now you can ride your shared bike anywhere．Remember to obey the traffic rules and be careful．B．Use your smartphone to scan the QR code（二维码）on ashared bike to unlock it．C．Finally，the shared bike can be parked anywhere after usingit．Of course，we'd better park it in a right place．Don't forget to lock the bike．D．As there are many kinds of shared bikes，first you should choose one kind of shared bike you like and download its app．Don't forget to pay the deposit（押金）．请按正确的顺序排列：（1）（2）（3）（4）3．（1）Jim is a schoolboy．He goes to Park School in the USA．He gets up at half past seven in the morning and has bread and milk for breakfast．（2）Park School is next to his house．He goes to school at half past eight and classes begin at nine o'clock．He has three lessons in the morning．His favorite lesson is art．（3）At eleven o'clock，Jim has a rest and talk to his friends．Some of his classmates go to the playground and play football，but Jim doesn't like playing football．（4）Classes begin at one thirty in the afternoon．Jim has only two lessons in the afternoon．He goes home at half past three．（5）In the evening，he has dinner and watches TV．He goes to bed at ten o'clock．根据短文内容，将上面图画按时间前后重新排列顺序，并将图画的序号涂在答题卡上．4．根据以上表格信息，选择最佳选项．（1）When Li Mei felt，her friend gave her the book A Friend like Henry．A．happyB．sadC．boredD．angry（2）Tony's favorite book is．A．The Little PrinceB．The Romance o f the Three KingdomsC．A Friend like HenryD．Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea（3）We can learn a lot about from The Romance of the Three Kingdoms．A．travellingB．historyC．scienceD．values（4）Mary thinks The Little Prince is the best because．A．it has fantastic picturesB．it can deal with her autismC．it tells about the correct valuesD．it can make her relaxed（5）The best title for this passage is ""．A．My Best FriendB．My Interesting MovieC．My Favorite BookD．My Fun Place5．阅读下面的五个语段，请按照正确的逻辑顺序，将各语段重新排序．A．One day，Mr．Li and Mr．King go to London to see their friend Tom．They don't know much English and they don't know about London，either．B．They go up to him and ask the way．The man smiles but says nothing．Then he puts his hand into his pocket （口袋）and takes out a book．He opens the book and reads，"I'm sorry，I can't speak English．"C．Mr．Li and Mr King have a good friend His name is Tom Smith．He lives in London．D．In the evening，they find their friend's home with the help of a policeman （警察）．E．And they can't find Tom's home．They walk in the street for a long time．Then they see a man near a bus stop．（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）6．请将左边的图片按照英文介绍的顺序排列．（1）．Peel the apples and cut them into slices（2）．Put the apple slices in to the blender and turn it on．（3）．Put the mashed apples，the flour and the butter into a bowl．Mix them with a fork．（4）．Take the mixture out of the bowl，and roll it．Make 8apple cakes like this．（5）．Put the oil in a frying pan．Fry the apple cake until they are brown on both sides．（6）．Take the cakes out of the frying pan and put it on a tray．Then put the tray into the oven for minutes．（7）．Pour some maple syrup on the cakes and enjoy them．7．对话排序（下面的对话顺序是打乱了的，请写出正确的排列顺序．）A．I'm sorry．I don't know where No.5Middle School is．I am from America．B．Sorry，Madam．I'm new here．You'd better ask the policeman over there．C．Oh，welcome to China．Walk along this road for five minutes，take the first turning on the right，and then walk on for two minutes，take the second turning on the left．You'll find No.5Middle School．D．Excuse me．Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo？E．I think the zoo is far from here．Can I go there by bus？F．How far is the zoo from No.5Middle School？G．Of course you can，you'd better take the No.19bus，and the bus stop is next to No.5Middle School．H．About two kilometers away．I．Yes，but you must find where No.5Middle School is first．J．Excuse me，young man．Can you tell me the way to the zoo？正确的顺序为：76．77．78．79．80．81．82．83．84．85．．8．给下面五段话排序．A．When she was twenty，she began to write books and help the blind in many parts of the world．Her hard work and her courage （勇气）made people in all countries love her．B．When she was only one year old，she got an illness．It made her blind （瞎的）and deaf （聋的）．She couldn't see or hear anything．So she couldn't learn to speak．C．Later，when she was ten，Miss Sullivan took her to another teacher，Sarah Fuller．Sarah Fuller taught her to speak．Helen put her fingers on Miss Fuller's face and into her mouth．In this way，she learned to speak．She went to school and became famous，because she was one of the first blind and deaf persons to learn to speak．D．This is a story about a famous American woman．Her name is Helen Keller．E．When she was six，a young teacher came and taught her to read and write．Her name was Ann Sullivan．71．72．73．74．75．．9．阅读以下面膜说明书，完成使用流程图的正确排序．New﹣skin Facial Mask with rich cream and vitamin C will give your face refreshing and moisturizing feeling．Directions：1．Watch your hands first；2．Clean your face thoroughly；3．Dry your face with a towel；4．Put New﹣skin Facial Mask on your face；5．When the facial mask is dry，wash off with water．71．→72．→73．→74．→75．．10．美国加利福尼亚州Bellcrest学校创办了一本名叫School Bell的校刊．阅读下面制作校刊的六个步骤，完成制作流程的正确排序．A→71．→72．→73．→74．→75．．11．如图1﹣2是一个"魔术绳"的表演，另外五张图是该魔术的解密步骤．请参照解密图，将阅读材料A﹣E 正确排序，完成56﹣60小题．A．Now pick up the scissors．Hold the paper carefully and cut through it．Keep the small piece of string between you and the scissors，so you do not cut the string．B．"Magic string"is a popular magic trick．You can do this trick for your friends or family．You just need a piece of paper，a piece of string and some scissors．That's all．C．Pick up the paper and fold side A down．Now your friends can see side B，but they can't see side A．Side A is shorter than B，so it does not cover the string．Push the middle of the string up，and fold C up over A．Now most of the string is inside the paper，but a small piece of the string is outside．You can see it but your friends can't．D．Put one hand over the paper，and then pull the string out slowly with your other hand．The string is still in one long piece!E．First，fold the paper so that it is like the paper in the picture．Side A is shorter than side B，but not much shorter．Side C is much shorter than Side B．Show the long piece of string so that people can look at it．Put this piece of string on the paper．56．．57．．58．．59．．60．．12．51．Thank you for the gift．It's so nice．52．Wish you good luck in the final exam!53．My computer doesn't work．May I use yours？54．Animals are our friends．We should protect them．55．Remember to turn off the lights when you leave home．13．（81）It has around 3billion fans﹣nearly half the world's population!And about 300million people play thisgame．That's 4percent of the world's population!（82）Many people in old days played early forms （形式）of this modern game．Cu ju （蹴鞠），a ball﹣kicking game in China，was reported as early as 2，500B．C．Around the same time in Greece，peoplewere also playing a similar ball game without using their hands．But modern soccer didn't become official （官方的）until 1863．An Englishman called Cobb Morley introduced the idea of a soccer association （联盟）．（83）From then on，other associations in the countries were set up．They came together﹣to make up the FIFA，which organizes the World Cup．It's not easy to tell what makes soccer so popular．（84）Soccer needs only two feet and a ball．This makes it a sport that developing countries can easily play．Some of the sport's best players come from these poor nations．（85）The sport's no﹣hands rule makes beautiful dance﹣like movements on the field．What's more，this sport excites the heart．Teams might score only a few times each match，so matches can turn around suddenly．No one knows who will win at the next World Cup．But one thing is certain：The world will be watching．A．He also wrote the sport's official rules．B．Soccer is the world's favorite sport．C．Playing soccer is good for your health．D．But one reason is how simple the sport is．E．People love soccer as well as their countries．F．It's hard to say where soccer's birthplace is．G．Soccer performances are pleasing to the eyes．14．根据下面每段话的陈述内容，从方框中选出各段恰当的主题，并将其字母序号填入题前括号内．（76）．The world use 1million plastic bags every minute．They can now be found in all parts of the world．Each plastic bag takes more than 1，000years to disintegrate （粉碎）and never completely disappears．（77）．When I was young，I thought space was wonderful．I spent all day imagining that I had my own spaceship．I would invite my cousins and my friends to join the trip and spend the whole day exploring other planets．That was my earliest dream．（78）．In Brazil，people wear white clothes on New Year's Eve （31December）because it brings good luck．At midnight people go to the sea and jump over the waves seven times．Then they throw flowers into the sea and make wishes for the New Year．（79）．Over hundreds of years the Earth gets hotter and then it gets colder again．But scientists are sure that what's happening now is different．The world is getting warmer．For example，the way we use energy from coal and oil is making the planet hotter．This is one cause of climate（气候）change﹣it's man﹣made．（80）．Sometimes，good things happen because of mistakes．Once I got on the wrong train．That wasa big mistake．But I saw a good friend on that train．I was glad I made that mistake!When a good thing comesout of a mistake，that's a happy accident．15．My mother is a kind and nice woman．（61）One Sunday night，when I was watching the film Harry Potter very happily Mother asked me to go to bed．（62）that I didn't move．But for a while，I noticed that she didn't say anything．（63）I was so sad and that I went into my room and cried．I thought"I have only two nights in a week to enjoy the TV．（64）"The next day she cooked and talked with me as usual．I pretended not to hear，but she didn't mind and told me why she didn't allow me to watch TV （65）Then I understood her．I love my mother．阅读排序参考答案与试题解析一．阅读理解（共15小题）1．【分析】乔琳蕾正独自一人在家看电视，这时节目突然中断了．"你干得非常漂亮，蕾小姐．当你说你的哥哥在房间的时候，我意识到这一定有什么不寻常的事情，"柯林斯先生说，"因为我知道你的哥哥在一年前的一次抢劫案件当中遇害了．"A．这个可怕的消息便乔琳很害怕．就在这个时候，一个穿着棕色外衣的人突然出现了，站在她面前．B．片刻之后，传来了警车的声音．然后有人按响了门铃．那个劫匪用枪指着乔琳的后背说，把门打开，就说你已经睡了．不要让任何人进来．C．所以当警察科林斯先生问乔琳是否有什么事情的时候，乔琳告诉他，没什么事情，她正在和哥哥一起看电视．科林斯先生走啦．然而，几分钟以后，一些警察破窗而入，马上抓到了那名劫匪．D．"安静点儿，女士．把你的钱放在桌子上，"劫匪说，"如果你敢报警，你就是在自找麻烦．这时乔琳甚至更害怕了．她努力地使自己冷静下来．E．"对不起，打断一下这个节目．这儿有一个来自警察的重要的通知．大约晚上九点钟，一位女士被一名穿着棕色衣服的人抢劫并杀害了．如果你知道任何关于这个人的情况，请给警察打电话．谢谢！【解答】考查阅读排序，需要联系上下文进行答案，另外这个一个故事类的文章，需要将描述故事发展的五个段落重新排列，使故事完整．（1）E．根据文章开头交待，乔琳正独自一人在家看电视，结合Sorry to interrupt the program，尤其是这里的program，说明这两句是关系密切，紧接着发生的．（2）A．"这个可怕的消息"应该指的是电视中刚刚播放过的关于劫匪的消息．所以这应该是第二句．（3）D．穿着棕色衣服的动匪出现了，所以紧接着就是劫匪和女主人之间的对话，这样可以确定这是第三句．（4）B．"片刻之后"，这是一个承上启下的过渡句．是指劫匪和和女主人之间的对话以后发生的事情，所以后面是故事的关键紧张的时候了．（5）C．这句话开头说"所以当柯林斯先生问乔琳有什么特别的事情的时候，乔琳告诉他……．这正好和前面劫匪要求乔琳的一致．所以这个顺序也就可以确定．2．【分析】在中国的大街上，很多人都在共用自行车．你知道如何使用公用自行车吗？有四个步骤：请按正确的顺序排列．由于共享自行车的种类很多，首先你应该选择一种你喜欢的共享自行车并下载它的app，不要忘记支付押金；在一个共享的自行车使用智能手机扫描二维码去解开它；现在你可以在任何地方骑你的自行车了．记得遵守交通规则，小心些．最后，共享自行车使用后可以停放在任何地方．当然，我们最好把车停在合适的地方．别忘了锁自行车．【解答】1．D 考查对语境的理解，根据"first you should choose one kind of shared bike you like and download its app"首先你应该选择一种你喜欢的共享自行车并下载它的app，语句当中有"first"首先，应放在最前面，故选D．2．B 考查对语境的理解，根据上下文语境，可推出此处是讲要先扫描二维码才能解锁，故选B．3．A 考查对语境的理解，根据"Use your smartphone to scan the QR code on ashared bike to unlock it"在一个共享的自行车使用智能手机扫描二维码去解开它，可推出扫描二维码之后就可以解锁，可以骑走共享单车了，故选A．4．C 考查对语境的理解，根据"Finally，the shared bike can be parked anywhere after usingit"最后，共享自行车使用后可以停放在任何地方，语句当中有"Finally"最后，应放在最后面，故选C．3．【分析】（1）吉姆是个小学生，他去美国的帕克学校．他早上七点半起床，吃面包和牛奶当早餐．（2）帕克学校挨着他的房子．他八点半上学，九点上课．他早上有三节课．他最喜欢的课是美术课．（3）十一点，吉姆休息一会儿，和他的朋友们聊天．他的一些同学去操场踢足球，但吉姆不喜欢踢足球．（4）下午1：30开始上课．吉姆下午只有两节课．他三点半回家．（5）晚上，他吃晚饭和看电视．他十点上床睡觉．【解答】1．D 细节推理题．根据题干He gets up at half past seven in the morning 他早上七点半起床，可知结合选项和图片，选项D是起床的情景．故选D．2．C 细节推理题．根据题干He goes to school at half past eight and classes begin at nine o'clock．他八点半上学，九点上课．可知结合选项和图片，选项C是去上学的情景，故选C．3．A 细节推理题．根据题干Some of his classmates go to the playground and play football，他的一些同学去操场踢足球，可知结合选项和图片，选项A是踢足球的情景．故选A．4．B 细节推理题．根据题干Classes begin at one thirty in the afternoon．Jim has only two lessons in the afternoon．下午1：30开始上课．吉姆下午只有两节课．可知结合选项和图片，选项B是上课的情景，故选B．5．E 细节推理题．根据题干he has dinner and watches TV．他吃晚饭和看电视．可知结合选项和图片，选项E是看电视的情景，故选E．4．【分析】本文是四位同学在介绍自己最喜欢的书．【解答】1．B．细节理解题．结合When I felt sad，my best friend gave me the book当李梅不开心的时候，我的好朋友送给我的，故答案是B．2．D．细节理解题．结合Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is my favorite book可知托尼最喜欢的书是Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea ，故答案是D．3．B．推理判断题．结合If you are interested in history，don't miss it．如果你对历史感兴趣，不要错过这本书，故可知书中能学习到历史，答案是B．4．C．细节理解题．结合but tells us about the correct values可知这本书告诉我们真正的价值观，故选C．5．C．标题判断题．结合My favorite book is A Friend like Henry本文是介绍自己最喜欢的书，故答案是C．5．【分析】这是一篇记叙文，李先生和金先生有一个好朋友，他的名字叫汤姆•史密斯．他住在伦敦．一天，李先生和金先生去伦敦看望他们的朋友汤姆．他们不懂英语，也不了解伦敦．他们找不到汤姆的家．他们在街上走了很长时间．然后他们看到一个人在公共汽车站附近．他们走到他跟前问路．那人笑了，但什么也没说．然后他把手伸进了口袋，拿出一本书．他打开书读道："对不起，我不会说英语．晚上，他们在警察的帮助下找到了他们朋友的家．【解答】1．C 考查对文章内容的推理，根据"Mr．Li and Mr．King go to London to see their friend Tom"李先生和金先生去伦敦看望他们的朋友汤姆，可推出开头应该先说明汤姆是2人的朋友，故选C．2．A 考查对文章内容的把握，根据"Mr．Li and Mr King have a good friend His name is Tom Smith"上文讲了李先生和金先生有一个好朋友，他的名字叫汤姆，可推断下文要讲故事的起因，2人去看朋友，故选A．3．E 考查对上下文的理解，根据"They don't know much English and they don't know about London，either"李先生和金先生不懂英语，也不了解伦敦．可推断他们找不到汤姆的家，E项符合语境，故选E．4．B 考查对上下文的理解，根据"Then they see a man near a bus stop"上文讲了李先生和金先生找不到汤姆的家，然后看到一个人在公共汽车站附近．可推断下文应该是讲问路的结果，B项符合语境，故选B．5．D 考查对文章内容的把握，根据" Mr．Li and Mr．King go to London to see their friend Tom"开头讲了李先生和金先生去伦敦看望他们的朋友汤姆，空格处应填写故事的结果，D项他们在警察的帮助下找到了他们朋友的家符合语境，故选D．6．【分析】此题是苹果蛋糕的制作过程．（1）把苹果削皮切成片．（2）把苹果片放在搅拌机里，然后打开．（3）把苹果泥、面粉和黄油放进碗里，用叉子搅拌．（4）把碗里的混合物拿出来，卷起来，做8个像这样的苹果蛋糕．（5）把油放进煎锅里，把苹果蛋糕煎成两面都是棕色的．（6）把蛋糕从煎锅里拿出来，放在盘子上，然后把托盘放进烤箱里几分钟．（7）在蛋糕上浇点枫糖浆，然后享用．【解答】答案：（1）G．Peel the apples and cut them into slices．（2）D．Put the apple slices in to the blender and turn it on．（3）C．Put the mashed apples，the flour and the butter into a bowl．Mix them with a fork．（4）B．Take the mixture out of the bowl，and roll it．Make 8apple cakes like this．（5）E．Put the oil in a frying pan．Fry the apple cake until they are brown on both sides．（6）A．Take the cakes out of the frying pan and put it on a tray．Then put the tray into the oven for minutes．（7）F．Pour some maple syrup on the cakes and enjoy them．7．【分析】文章大意：文中主要讲述的是一个美国游客第一次来中国，想要去动物园旅游，但是不认识路，所以就去询问．最后警察告诉她，可以从当前的位置坐车去第五中学，在第五中学坐9号公交可以到达动物园．【解答】76．J，考察日常交际及上下文理解，遍历所有选项可知此题在询问他人路线，由此可知第一处应该是D或者是J，D指明的是young man，E没有指明对方是谁，在遍历选项之后发现后文说话的是一个警察，所以一开始问路是，说话人选择的是young man，由此确定答案为J，询问小男孩去动物园的路．77．B，考察日常交际及上下文理解，根据后文可知，小男孩并不知道，所以后来才会找警官帮忙，所以应该回答Sorry，Madam．I'm new here．You'd better ask the policeman over there在不知道路线的情况下询问告诉对方去找警察帮忙，选择B．78．D，考察日常交际及上下文理解，根据小男孩的建议，You'd better ask the policeman over there你最好去找一下那位警察，所以此处应该是和警察搭讪并询问去动物园的路，选择D．79．I，考察日常交际及上下文理解，对方在询问去公园的路，所以警察应该是说明如何去公园，遍历剩余的选项可知此后说明的应该是怎样去第五中学，所以推测此处警察给的建议应该是在去动物园之前先找到第五中学，选择I．80．A，考察日常交际及上下文理解，警察说到but you must find where No.5Middle School is first要先找到第五中学，由于是外国游客，所以并不知道第五中学在哪，所以此处询问的是第五中学的方位，选择A．81．C，考察日常交际及上下文理解，对方表明I am from America来自美国，并且不知道去第五中学的路，所以此处应该是告诉那个美国游客去第五中学的路线，选择C．82．F，考察日常交际及上下文理解，上句提到"You'll find No.5Middle School．"你会找到第五中学，但是对于美国游客而言，并不知道有多远，所以应该是询问距离有多远，选择F．83．H，考察日常交际及上下文理解，上文提到"How far is the zoo from No.5Middle School？"动物园离第五中学有多远，所以应该是回答距离，选择H．84．E，考察日常交际及上下文理解，上文提到"About two kilometers away"将近两公里，路途有点远，所以应该询问能不能做公交去，选择E．85．G，考察日常交际及上下文理解，文中提到"Can I go there by bus？"我能坐公交去动物园吗？所以答案应该是能或者是不能，选择G．8．【分析】文章大意：本文介绍的是一个有名的作家，她的名字叫海伦凯勒．讲述的是从出生到20岁成年之间的事情．在排序时，可以根据时间出现的先后顺序着手，依次对几个不同的句子进行排序．D介绍的是海伦凯勒的基本信息，B介绍的是1岁时候的事情，E是六岁，C是十岁，D是二十岁，由此可以判断文章顺序、【解答】71．D，考察上下文理解．文中提到了一个人物，所以在文章开头应该交代人物是谁，叫什么，由"This is a story about a famous American woman．Her name is Helen Keller"可知选择D．72．B，考察上下文理解，遍历所有选项，在介绍Helen Keller时，采用时间顺序，所以此处应该选择B，"When she was only one year old"讲述的是一岁时候的事情．73．E，考察上下文理解，文中提到"When she was six"当他六岁岁的时候，与上文一岁时候相呼应，并与下文十岁向衔接，由此确定选择E．74．C，考察上下文理解，C选项中提到衔接词Later，且该处提及的年龄为"when she was ten"十岁，与上文六岁在逻辑上没有问题，由此确定选择C．75．A，考察上下文理解，句子开头提到"When she was twenty"当她20岁的时候，此时出现的年龄是最大的，所以应该在文章最后被提到，由此确定选择A．9．【分析】1．首先看一看手．2．把脸洗干净．3．用毛巾把脸擦干．4．把面膜敷在脸上．5．当面膜干了之后，用水洗掉．【解答】71．B，推理判断题，文中说第一步应该是检查自己的双手，所以选择B．72．C，推理判断题，文中说第二步是把脸洗干净，而且要求洗的要彻底，所以选择C．73．E，推理判断题，文中说第三步是用毛巾把脸擦干，根据图片内容可知选择E．74．D，推理判断题，文中说第四步是把面膜敷在脸上，所以选择D．75．A，推理判断题，文中说等到面膜干了之后就用水洗掉，所以选择A．10．【分析】文章大意：A：所有年级的学生都可以参加会议，提出各种各样的"观点"．B：选出最好的文章，之后应该是对文章进行修改和润色．C：在出版之前，文章还应该进行排版，加上一些图片，之后就准备打印．D：同学们写好之后，选择最好的文章．E：从观点里选择最好的，并且由学生们选择他们想写的内容．F：所有东西都弄好之后就去打印，打印纸张为回收纸，杂志售价2.5美元．【解答】71．E，考察上下文理解，上文A中提到所有年级的学生都可以参加会议，提出各种各样的"观点"，此处是在获取观点，获取之后应该做的就是选择最好的，并且由学生们选择他们想写的内容，由此判断选择E．72．D，考察上下文理解，上文E中提到同学们根据自己的喜好去写文章，所以下一步应该是选择最好的文章，由此确定选择D．73．B，考察上下文理解，上文D中提到选出最好的文章，之后应该是对文章进行修改和润色，因此选择B．74．C，考察上下文理解，上文B提到在电脑上进行修改和润色，之后在出版之前，还应该排版，加上一些图片，之后就准备打印，由此确定选择C．75．F，考察上下文理解，上文C提到所有东西都弄好之后就去打印，此处介绍的是打印相关的事情，所以选择F．11．【分析】文章大意：文章是在介绍一个小魔术的步骤．首先准备魔术所需的东西吗，包括纸片，剪刀和绳子．之后将纸的两边进行对着，一边长，一边短，把绳子放在纸上边．把绳子从中间拉出来，留一段在纸片里，你的朋友看不见这段，可是你却看得见这一段绳子．拿起剪子去剪这个纸片，剪子剪得位置在短绳子和手指尖，只有这样才不会剪断绳子．用一只手拿住纸，另一只手去抽绳子，你会发现绳子还是原来的那根长绳子，并没有断．【解答】56．B，推理判断题，根据图片1的内容，是在描述魔术绳所需的东西，由此确定选择B，描述的是魔术所需的东西吗，包括纸片，剪刀和绳子．57．E，推理判断题，根据图片内容，是将纸片折好，由此确定选择E，将纸的两边进行对着，一边长，一边短，把绳子放在纸上边．58．C，推理判断题，根据图片内容，是将纸拿起来，从中间把绳子揪出来，由此确定选择C，译为把绳子从中间拉出来，留一段在纸片里，你的朋友看不见这段，可是你却看得见这一段绳子．59．A，推理判断题，根据图片内容，是将纸从中心剪开，由此确定选择A，拿起剪子去剪这个纸片，剪子剪得位置在短绳子和手指尖，只有这样才不会剪断绳子．60．D，推理判断题，根据图片内容，是把绳子从纸中抽出来，由此确定选择D，用一只手拿住纸，另一只手去抽绳子，你会发现绳子还是原来的那根长绳子，并没有断．12．【分析】51．谢谢你的礼物，很不错．52．祝你期末考试顺利．53．我的电脑坏了，我能用一下你的吗？54．动物是我们的朋友，我们应该保护他们．55．你离开家的时候记得把灯关了．【解答】51．F，考察情景交际，文中提到"Thank you for the gift．It's so nice"谢谢你的礼物，很不错．所以应该礼貌性的回复说话人，表示对方喜欢礼物自己也很开心，由此确定选择F．52．C，考察情景交际，文中提到"Wish you good luck in the final exam"祝你期末考试顺利，是祝福的话，所以应该谢谢对方，选择C．53．A，考察情景交际，文中提到"My computer doesn't work．May I use yours？"我的电脑坏了我能用一下你的吗？是在询问对方意见，回答可以或者不可以，选择A．54．D，考察情景交际，文中提到Animals are our friends．We should protect them动物是我们的朋友，我们应该保护他们，可知此处说的是保护动物的建议，所以应该是表示赞同或反对，由此确定选择D．55．B，考察情景交际，文中提到"Remember to turn off the lights when you leave home"你离开家的时候记得把灯关了，是在吩咐所做的事情，所以回答好的，由此确定选择B．13．【分析】文章大意：本文介绍了足球的相关知识．足球是一个世界流行的运动，地球上将近一半的人（30亿）喜欢它，并且大约30亿人在玩这项游戏．在古时候很多国家以不同的形式在玩这项运动，中国的蹴鞠，在古希腊人们也在玩类似的游戏，所以不清楚足球发源地在哪．想要说清楚足球真正受欢迎的原因并不是那么容易的，但是足球受欢迎的一个重要原因就在于它的简单．足球比赛不需要手，因此球场上的动作胜似一场美丽的舞蹈．【解答】81．B，考察上下文理解，后文提到"It has around 3billion fans﹣nearly half the world's population!And about 300million people play this game"地球上将近一半的人（30亿）喜欢它，并且大约30亿人在玩这项。

2023年中考现代文阅读专项训练（满分：100分；训练时间：120分钟）一、阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。

（20分）改善肠道有利于提升大脑功能王欣①消化道是个特殊的环境，看似在体内，却与外界相通，容纳的食物都是外来的“异物”。

食物经过消化、吸收才算真正进入了体内。

②我们可以把消化道想象成一个深长的山洞，存放着各种各样的营养物质。

它们经过消化变成了氨基酸、单糖等小分子物质，穿过胃壁和肠壁进入血液和淋巴液，然后在代谢过程中释放能量、合成细胞所需的原料，源源不绝地转化成人体组织。

③人类的消化系统包括消化道和消化腺。

消化道从口腔延伸至咽、食管、胃、小肠和大肠，是一个长达10米的肌肉管道，是食物的必经之路；消化腺包括唾液腺、胃腺、肠腺、胰腺和肝脏，每天分泌多达7升的消化液，对食物进行分解。

④食物首先经过牙齿的咀嚼变得比较细碎，然后被送到口腔的后方进行吞咽，通过咽喉进入食管。

⑤食管的作用是把食物从胸腔送入腹腔，并没有消化功能。

接下来，食物就进入到胃，胃的主要任务是把食物磨碎，这个过程称之为机械性消化，同时也分泌一些酶进行化学性消化。

食物经过胃之后就成了细软的食糜。

食糜通过胃的幽门一点点进入小肠，食物中的大分子已经变成了小分子，就可以透过肠壁进入血液和淋巴液，也就完成了吸收。

⑥小肠吸收不了的主要是膳食纤维，这些东西和死亡的细菌、消化液一起被送到大肠，大肠把消化液吸收回来，把其他的残渣排出体外。

食物残渣经过大肠排出体外，完成人体之旅。

日常的一餐饭大约需要24小时通过整个消化道，其中在胃内4~5个小时，小肠内3~8小时，大肠内10~20小时，停留时间和食物中膳食纤维的含量、生活习惯等有很大关系。

⑦消化道由平滑肌构成，平滑肌不受意识支配，而接受交感神经和副交感神经的调控。

进食会引起副交感神经兴奋，导致消化道的运动加强、消化液分泌增多，消化系统的血液供应也增加，人体处在一种“补充能量”的状态，好像手机在充电一般。

绝大部分的消化道壁内还含有丰富的壁内神经丛，具有大量感觉神经元、中间神经元、运动神经元，彼此形成回路，可以完成简单的反射。

初三中考初中语文阅读理解专题训练含答案一、现代文阅读1．现代文阅读阅读下面的文章后，完成下列小题丝绸之路能更名吗？①德国地理学家李希·霍芬，首次提出“丝绸之路”这个概念，因为他通过考察，认为当时路上运输的主要货物是丝绸。

尽管西域考古挖掘出一些丝织品，但这只说明“丝绸之路”确实运送过丝绸，而不能说明运送的主要物品是丝绸。

今天“丝绸之路”大名鼎鼎，也是西北旅游的黄金招牌，但仔细想来，这个名称只是一个西方人站在西方的立场和角度提出来的。

一条路的货物流向应是双向的，从东向西运送的是丝绸，那么从西向东运什么？②社科院考古所的巫新华先生和同事们所进行的“玉石之路”考察，不仅回答了这个问题，而且使这个问题更进一步地深化。

如果说“丝绸之路”从东向西运送的是丝绸，那么大量的事实证明，从西向东运送的重要货物是玉石。

历来的考古发掘中，都会发现大量的玉器。

河南安阳殷墟妇好墓中出土了750多件玉器，其中一部分玉经鉴定是来自新疆的和田玉。

这说明至少在商代“玉石之路”就运行了。

殷商以后，新疆的和田玉开始源源不断地进入中原，形成一个又一个用玉、赏玉的高潮。

③更为奇特的是，魏晋南北朝时服药成风，玉的功用竟然在饰品、礼器、艺术品之外，又添一项：口服。

当时服用的药主要是用玉屑制成的“玉石散”。

著名思想家，药学家葛洪说：“玉亦仙药，但难得……当得璞玉，乃可用也，得于‘于阗’（古时于阗下辖和田县）白玉尤善。

”可见，一般的玉勉强可用，如果能服用“和田玉”，那就相当今天服用“脑黄金”了。

唐宋元明清，新疆和田玉一直是中原最受欢迎的紧俏商品，甚至一直到今天，如果你到北京的民间文物市场潘家园去看看，就会发现新疆和田玉仍然紧俏如初。

至此，可以认为“丝绸之路”似乎叫做“丝玉之路”更为贴切。

④无独有偶，与西北“丝绸之路”相对应的是蜿蜒在我国西南横断山区和青藏高原的“茶马古道”。

“茶马古道”这名称是一个年轻的中国学者李旭和他的5个朋友首先提出来的。

初三中考初中语文阅读理解专项训练及答案一、现代文阅读1．现代文阅读阅读下列文章，完成下列小题让优秀成为一种习惯①每个人的人生定位不同，生活态度自然就不同。

打算把自己置于生活的哪个层次、何种境界，是每一个严肃生活的人都不得不考虑的现实问题，也决定了这个人基本的生活方式。

鲁迅立志揭出劣根性，以引起疗救的注意，所以“横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛”，把别人用来喝咖啡的时间用于读书写作。

哈佛大学集中了全美甚至世界最优秀的学生，他们的校训正是“追求卓越”。

是的，雄鹰不甘宇下，骏马难守圈栏。

一个志存高远的人，必定将追求优秀作为自己的人生目标，作为一种近乎本能的习惯。

②所谓习惯，是一种常态，一种下意识，一种自动化，一种经过长期培养历练而形成的自然而然的状态，一种无需思考即可再现的回忆。

其程序好像早已置于大脑和肌肉中，成为一种特殊的记忆，一举手，一投足，一颦一笑，都是优秀的外化和证明，都会使人眼前一亮，为之折服和赞叹。

③优秀习惯的养成是一个漫长的过程，它可以有一个明确的起点，但肯定没有固定的终点。

但只要不断追求，每一个阶段性的成果都会成为一个新的起点。

即便生命个体终结，后来者依然可以从他倒下的地方起步，向着更高的境界跋涉。

④优秀和勤勉是天然的盟友，是孪生兄弟。

优秀的人无一不是勤勉的，而勤勉的人即便不是最优秀的，起码是比较优秀的。

从某种意义上说，勤勉本身就是优秀的代名词。

所有天才，无不是台上一分钟，台下十年功。

请千万不要轻易相信天才的神话，那种似乎不需练习就能演奏的神童，那种不费吹灰之力就品学兼优的学子，我们听说过，但没见过，不可太当真。

即便有莫扎特那样的特例，于我等也毫无借鉴之可能，不可作为榜样盲目复制。

道理很简单，你是你，你不是莫扎特。

你我遍地都是，莫扎特只有一个。

哲学常识告诉我们，特例不揭示必然性。

聪明的人从来不把自己当特例，聪明人只知道下笨功夫。

⑤因为追求优秀，做什么都必须有“争创一流”的意识。

食人俸禄，尽其本分，是常人的标准，而在优秀的人看来，是起码的德性；考上名牌大学，获得全优成绩，将来有一份体面的工作，是一般人梦寐以求的理想境界，而在优秀的头脑中，仅仅是一个通向优秀的起点而已。

上海市英语中考复习专项训练：阅读理解（一）图表类A卷一、阅读理解 (共10题；共76分)1. （8分）根据所给信息选择正确答案。

LostMy new bike. It is red.My name is Jimmy.Please call 384-3390.FoundIs this your ring?Please call Betty.Phone number: 892-0321.LostMy baseball.My name is Bruce.Please call 708-5209.FoundIs this your school bag?Please call David at 291-2084.（1）Who lost a bike?A . BettyB . JimmyC . BruceD . David（2）Is that Betty's ring?A . Yes, it is.B . No, it isn't.C . Yes, it is her.D . No, it is David's.（3）What color is Jimmy's new bike?A . Green.B . White.C . Black.D . Red.（4）If you lost the schoolbag, you can call ____ at _____.A . Betty, 892-0321B . Jimmy, 892-0321C . David, 291-2084D . Bruce, 291-2084（5）Which is not true?A . Jimmy lost a bike.B . Betty lost a ring.C . Bruce's phone number is 708-5209.D . David didn't find a ring2. （10分）阅读表格，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

中考语文阅读理解专项练习含答案练习题一（一）阅读《运动提高孩子智力》，回答15-l7题（7分）①家长及教育者认为，锻炼对于中小学生来说，除了能防止肥胖，并无益处，因为运动会分散孩子注意力，于智力无补。

但越来越多的科研成果表明，此观点是错误的。

②花一定时间参加运动，能让孩子上课时精神更集中。

新近一项研究显示，学生认知水平的高低与身体的健康程度有关。

还有研究显示，短期的动作练习也能让孩子注意力更加集中。

2006年，马修·马哈尔让243名学生每天在学校活动10-20分钟，测评他们的专注度，训练5周后发现，学生们在听课时保持专注的时间比以前平均增加了8%．最不专心的学生注意力集中时间增加了20％。

③尽管科学家们还不清楚，锻炼为什么会对大脑有好处，但动物实验表明，体育活动也许能刺激一些脑区的神经元生长，而这些脑区对记忆和执行功能极为重要。

上世纪70年代的一项研究显示，把大鼠放在装满玩具、可攀爬物体等各种东西的较大鼠笼里，这些物体对大鼠的体力和脑力都有刺激，所以这些大鼠的大脑皮层会发育得比较厚，而大脑皮层掌管着高级推理和决策能力。

身体活动和智力刺激两种因素都有助于提高大鼠的认知能力．但究竟是哪个因素，还是两个因素共同造成了这种变化，就不得而知了。

④神经科学家亨利埃特·范普拉克和同事研究发现，在锻炼后，大鼠脑中一些有助于构建与学习、记忆相关的大脑结构的关键蛋白含量有所提高。

血管内皮生长因子和脑源性神经营养因子就属于上述蛋白，前者能刺激血管生长，后者则可以促进神经元轴突的延伸。

⑤特别值得一提的是，体育活动可以刺激脑部海马区的齿状回部分。

海马区是大脑中分管记忆的“总机”，把各种想法串在一起使之扎根于心灵。

2008年，上海体育学院的神经生物学家娄淑杰和同事，在研究中训练5周大的幼鼠在转轮里跑动（健康大鼠一天能轻松跑上好几千米。

一周之后，与没有跑步的大鼠相比，跑步大鼠齿状回脑细胞中的VEGF、BDNF等促进神经生长的因子要多一些。

古诗词阅读月下独酌李白花间一壶酒，独酌无相亲。

举杯邀明月，对影成三人。

月既不解饮，影徒随我身。

暂伴月将影，行乐须及春。

我歌月徘徊，我舞影凌乱。

醒时同交欢，醉后各分散。

永结无情游，相期邈云汉。

1、“对影成三人”中“三人”分别是指______________________【答案】指月亮、诗人和诗人的身影【解析】写花、酒、人、月影，表明孤独的诗旨。

2、词中月亮不仅是美好事物的象征，也成了诗人思想感情的寄托。

请分析“月”的形象特点。

【答案】诗人借助丰富想象，赋予月亮浓厚的感情色彩，把它描绘得善解人意、可喜可亲，仿佛成了诗人可以倾诉心声的知音。

【解析】学生理解诗歌中“月亮”的意象特征，这里作者借助丰富想象，赋予月亮浓厚的感情色彩，把它描绘得善解人意、可喜可亲，仿佛成了诗人可以倾诉心声的知音。

3、诗人与明月之间亲密欢洽的举动，表达了作者怎样的思想感情?【答案】诗人与明月之间的亲密欢洽，更加反衬出诗人在人世间的孤独寂寞情怀，从侧面表现了诗人对现实社会的愤懑和厌恶，也表现了诗人遗世独立的高洁人格。

【解析】考查把握诗歌感情基调，明确作者所抒发的情感，即诗人对现实社会的愤懑和厌恶，也表现了诗人遗世独立的高洁人格。

文言文阅读：公输公输盘为楚造云梯之械，成，将以攻宋。

子墨子闻之，起于鲁，行十日十夜，而至于郢，见公输盘。

公输盘曰：“夫子何命焉为?”子墨子曰：“北方有侮臣者，愿借子杀之。

”公输盘不说。

子墨子曰：“请献千金。

”公输盘曰：“吾义固不杀人。

”子墨子起，再拜，曰：“请说之。

吾从北方闻子为梯，将以攻宋。

宋何罪之有?荆国有余于地，而不足于民，杀所不足而争所有余，不可谓智;宋无罪而攻之，不可谓仁;知而不争，不可谓忠;争而不得，不可谓强;义不杀少而杀众，不可谓知类。

”公输盘服。

4.辨析下列各项中实词的意思不相同的是( )A.公输子之意/略无慕艳意B.吾知所以距子矣/此殆天所以资将军者也C.舍其锦绣/舍鱼而取熊掌者也D.虽杀臣，不能绝也/群响毕绝。

初三中考初中语文阅读理解专项训练含答案带解析一、现代文阅读1．现代文阅读阅读下文，回答问题。

智能薄膜，不知疲倦地“起舞”张利东①无论是天然高分子材料，还是以高分子为基础的合成材料，都是惰性的、无生命的。

一旦赋予这些高分子“生命”，它们就可以自发舞动、发电，甚至像劳动者一样工作起来。

这就是智能高分子材料——一种能感知外部刺激，作出判断并给予适当处理，且本身可执行的新型功能材料。

②上海华东师范大学张利东研究组，利用常见的琼脂糖高分子为原料，采用简单的物理杂合技术，成功制备出可以在潮湿纸面上快速翻滚的高分子薄膜。

③由于该薄膜化学结构上具有许多亲水基团，因此具有吸收水分子的特性。

当该薄膜“吸入”潮湿空气中的水分子，可引发自身的膨胀形变；当薄膜“呼出”水分子，可快速恢复到原来形状。

这种“呼吸”循环赋予惰性高分子强劲的“生命”力，可以让它们不知疲倦地动起来。

④这种由化学能转变为机械能的方式，与动物的肌肉组织的工作方式非常相似。

此种技术一旦成熟，通过大量类似材料堆叠成的可控“纤维束”，制造出能与机器人相媲美的“仿生人”便不再是神话。

⑤张利东研究组同时发现，智能高分子薄膜不但可以“呼吸”潮湿空气而动起来，也可以“呼吸”丙酮蒸汽让自己动起来。

花瓣形状的双层薄膜吸收丙酮分子后，“花瓣”翩翩起舞，犹如一朵在风中摇曳的萝卜花。

这是最新设计的聚偏氣乙烯和聚乙烯醇高分子双层膜的仿生形变。

⑥该双层膜对丙酮分子的刺激具有极其敏感的响应性，并且通过快速“呼吸”丙酮蒸气，可实现双层膜的长时间连续性定向形变，让惰性高分子不知疲倦地运动起来，可媲美自然界中复杂的运动方式。

⑦利用此种仿生运动设计的薄膜传感器，可长时间连续监测环境中丙酮浓度。

当环境中丙酮浓度过高时，传感器自发形变接通电路，电灯亮；当丙酮浓度逐渐降低时，传感器恢复到原来形状断开电路，电灯灭。

利用电灯的变化，可告知环境中丙酮蒸汽浓度的高低，从而极大地拓展了材料的应用潜质。

⑧同时，该双层膜对于外界丙酮蒸汽的刺激能够保持数小时连续可逆的响应，这为拓展刺激响应材料在能源、柔性传感器、人工肌肉、柔性机器人等领域的应用奠定了坚实的基础。