The cultural differences of color words between English and ChineseTranslation
Abstract:Red, white, black three color words have similarities in associative meaning, Chinese culture and Western culture in the symbolic meaning and semantics, and there are also differences, with the common, confusing phrases and idioms translation, let people know the importance of color words in English and Chinese in two cultures. Keywords: color words; symbolic meaning; cultural difference; idiom
Color is closely related with human life, we every hour and moment is not in dealing with color. Represents various color words embody national cultural features of English and Chinese culture is different, the performance of different national "personality", with significant cultural stigma. The same color words often contain different symbolic significance. Therefore, correctly grasp the deep meaning of color words in the two languages and the correct translation, master the vocabulary and idioms in the English language, has a role can not be ignored in cross-cultural communication.
This paper focuses on three color words: red (red), white (white), black (black), it is in the two languages of English and Chinese language and culture differences be explained, and some common translation and confusable vocabulary and idioms, for English learners.
一.RED
Whether in China or in western countries, often live with festive red Move on, but in China the symbolic meanings of red more strongly. Red symbolizes celebration, successful, thriving, warm, such as "full house", "good", "fire".Chinese traditional wedding tone mainly in red, the bride wearing red clothes, cover red hijab, a red candle, with red hi word, a faction be bursting with happiness. In the Anglo-American countries, the bride dressed in white wedding dress, wearing a white wedding dress. "Red" stands for "fire" in British and American culture, "blood", "agression", "excitement", "Rage", "violence", such as "seered", "red- handed", "a red battle" is reminiscent of violence and bloodshed. Red in China is also a symbol of revolution, such as "red", "be both red and expert", while in English often pejorative meaning, with "red", "radical left.", Such as "red belt", "red activities". Red in Chinese also refers to people who favor or boss, such as "red", "popular";A joint-stock enterprises at the end of the year profits distributed to shareholders in economic terms, such as "bonus", "bonus", While in English refers to economic or business often have "deficit", "loss" meaning, such as "be in the red", "red ink".
Red refers to the color, has the same meaning in English and Chinese, refer to the "red", "black", "red" and other means, can be used as adjectives and nouns. It refers to the traffic, with "red" in English and chinese.
1. And "red" the relevant vocabulary, idioms and English to Chinese language
1) 红白喜事———weddings and funerals
China known as the wedding for weddings, funerals for the funeral, and
Anglo-American countries marriage funeral custom is different, So it should not be directly translated into "red and white happyoccasions" in translation, or foreigners will be terrified.
2) 红娘———go- between/match- maker
"Matchmaker" Yuan drama "the West Chamber" heroine. Yingying's maid, she contributed to urge YingYing and Zhang Sheng binding, then folk is known as "matchmaker" eager to others marriage, not a name.
3) 红粉; 红颜———a young beauty
Both the beauty, corresponding to the English "red" can't, Wu Weiye of the Qing Dynasty "round": "six Army Song wail with white mourning dress, red crown anger as a confidante." Chinese old beautiful woman die or be married to a bad husband is beautiful, often have "since ancient times, confidante much". So in the translation should adopt free translation, avoid direct translation of color.For example,红颜薄命译为“a beautiful girl has an unfortunate life”。
4)《红楼梦》———The Story of the Stone
"A dream of Red Mansions" also known as "stone". A dream of Red Mansions in Chinese refers to the magnificent buildings, the old often refers to a rich woman. Many people directly translated into "A Dream of the Red Mansion", but the British translator David Hawks in translation is not to take the literal translation, but taking into account the "differences in English and Chinese culture, according to red" translate "a dream of Red Mansions" alias "stones".
5)红本———memorials to the throne read and written in red by Chinese emperors
The Ming Dynasty eunuch Liu Jin dictatorship, the memorial has two copies, a name for the emperor's white, a fine-sounding name red this to Liu Jin, but later until the Qing Dynasty, almost by Emperor Zhupi is red. Such as take the words too literally, directly translated into "red book", will let the Anglo-American countries were considered to be a cover for the red book, and misunderstand the meaning.
6) 红尘———the world of mortals; human society
Buddhism, Taoism and other known world to red, so in the translation should be the translation of the true meaning of.
7) 红豆———love pea
Wang Wei "Acacia" poem: "health and southern red beans, spring a few branches. Take home an armful, for my sake, as a symbol of our love. In China, red is used to symbolize love or love, so in the translation should adopt free translation can play a vivid effect.
8)满堂红———all- round victory; success in every field
In the translation of this phrase should adopt free translation, translation of red in Chinese means "victory, the success of" symbolic significance.
9) 红榜———honour roll
In the translation of "honor roll" also should adopt free translation, translation of the "red" "victory in the Chinese language, the symbolic meaning of success", not the literal translation.
10) 红利———extra dividend; bonus
Chinese in the "dividend" means a part of the dividend, "red" is not a color, not the "red" in English, the translator should adopt free translation.
11) 红运———good luck
"Good luck" means good luck, the translator should adopt free translation.
12) 红糖———brown sugar
Here the "red" instead of "red" in English translation, this is the expression of English and Chinese color misalignment.
13) 红茶———black tea
Lbid.
14) 红得发紫———extremely popular
The word "red", with the color "purple", in order to translate the true meaning, should not use literal translation and free translation, color, in order to reach to a proper extent to express the true meaning of the word.
15) 又红又专———both socialist- minded and vocationally proficient
"Be both red and expert" is used to describe the advanced sex revolution, so the translation should be the translation of the Chinese characteristics.
2. And "red" relevant vocabulary, idioms and their translation in English
1) be in the red———亏损; 赤字
In English "red" not only means "red" color, with "deficit" in terms of economic or business, "loss" and other means, the commonly used "in the red", "red ink" said, so the translator should grasp the correct meaning of the word, in order to avoid mistranslation.
2) red- ball———(美俚)货运快车;铁路特快货车
"Red- ball" is not a Chinese "red", but "express", namely the express freight train; railway express freight.
3) red ink———赤字; 亏损; 亏空状态
"Red ink" in English refers to the accounting records of Central Plains debit or loss of red ink balance, interpreted as "deficit; loss; the red.". For example:The company went into red ink last year.( 去年那家公司处于亏空状态。)
4) red- blooded———精力充沛的; 健壮的; (作品)充满紧张情节的
Although the "red" and "blood", but "red- blooded" does not refer to red blood, not bleeding. For example: Tom is a red- blooded American boy.(汤姆是个精力充沛的美国男孩。)
5) roll out the red carpet———表示热忱而隆重的欢迎和接待
The English "red carpet" refers to the red carpet to welcome the distinguished guests, extension of the said warmly and grand welcome and reception. For example:We rolled out the carpet for the President of the United States when he visited our country.( 美国总统访问我国时, 我们以隆重的礼仪欢迎他。)
6) see red———火冒三丈; 气得要命
The translation must not take the words too literally understanding of "see red", this word is derived from the Spanish Matador with red cloth provoke bulls to madness, we used an analogy to "fly into a rage for some reason or circumstance, mad". For example:
I see red whenever I hear that man' s name.(我一听到那人的名字, 便火冒三丈。)
7) red eye———廉价、质劣的威士忌
"Red eye" is not a Chinese "red eye" or "pinkeye", but also refers to a kind of cheap, poor quality of the source whiskey, whisky on the people, the eyes will be redness. For
example:We drank a lot of red eye when I was in college.(在大学念书的时候, 我们喝了许多廉价威士忌。)
8) red- handed———在犯罪现场被捕
Whether in English or Chinese, red has the meaning of "blood", or the color. The murderer bloodstained hands called "red hands". For example: The murder was caught red- handed, the gun still in his hand.(杀人犯当场被捕了, 枪还抓在他手里。)
9) red- letter day———值得纪念的/有特殊意义的/喜庆的日子
Whether in China or in western countries, holiday or Sunday, calendar the date on are printed on the red, a happy happy day.It was one of the red- letter days of my life.(这是我一生中值得纪念的吉日之一。)
10) red- pencil———修改; 校订; 检查; 删除
Much of the truth about the massacre was red- pencilled.
( 关于屠杀的真相大部分经审查删剪了。)
11) paint the town red———( 俚语) 饮酒作乐; 狂欢庆祝
They decided they would paint the town red after winning so much money by gambing on the horses.
( 赌马赢得了那么多钱, 他们决定狂欢庆祝一下。)
12) red tape———繁文缛节; 拖拉费时的繁琐手续
"Red tape" means "to bind documents with red" with the old, now known as the "unnecessary and overelaborate formalities; hauling cumbersome procedures and
time-consuming". For example: He gets things done by cutting through the bureaucratic red tape.( 他能避开官僚的繁文缛节把事情迅速办好。)
13) red flag———(用作危险信号或停止信号的)示警红旗; 易爆危险品旗; 激怒因素; 引人冒火的事
In Chinese, "red flag" is the symbol of the revolution, the symbol of progress, advanced, but "red flag" in British and American culture is refers to "red flag" and other means. For example: When your mother raises her voice, remember it is always a red flag and you' d better shut your mouth.(当你妈妈提高嗓门时, 记得那是危险信号, 你最好少说话。)
14) red herring———转移注意力的东西或话题
Mentioning adult education in a discussion on decolonization is a complete red herring.
(在讨论非殖民化时谈成人教育, 这全是转移注意力的闲扯。)
15) red cap———红帽子; 搬运工
"Red cap" in addition to the red hat, in American English also refers to "the airport or railway station". For example:When I arrived at the airport, a red cap helped me with my heavy luggage.(当我到达机场时, 一名搬运工来帮我提沉重的行李。)
二.WHITE
Chinese traditional culture is heavy red bogey white, white and death, the funeral linked, such as "red funeral" in the "white" refers to the funeral.The traditional funeral in white tone, with white to mourn.And in the Anglo-American culture, "white" stands for "purity", "chastity", "innocence", "happiness", "Brightness" meaning.As Chinese traditional heavy red, British and American wedding in white color, the bride wore a white
wedding dress, to symbolize the purity of love and marriage, happiness.
Chinese in the "white" with "clear; see" meaning, such as "unrighted wrong"; "blank; no results; in vain; free; no pay" meaning, such as "white boiling water", "in vain", "eat"; and "error; statement" accent to say the drama, such as "white", "monologue" etc.. The implication is that in English "white" does not have. And the English "white" can also refer to a "white", "upright; honest" meaning, but the Chinese "white" is not the meaning of.
But the color in Chinese culture and Western culture also has some of the same point: with "pure (purity)", "innocent (innocence) symbolic meaning, such as" Chinese "flawless white jade", "innocent", the English "a white soul"; in the aspect of politics, have "the reactionary; counter-revolutionary" symbolic meaning; refers to the color, the two cultures with similar colors, such as the Chinese "Snow White", the English "Snow White"; in the two cultures are doctors and nurses wear color hospital, a symbol of their work is pure and noble, such as "doctor", "angel in white" has been accepted by the whole world culture.
1.And the "white" relevant vocabulary, idioms and English to Chinese language 1) 白璧无瑕———flawless white jade; spotless virtue
"Flawless white jade" refers to the beauty of triclosan net work, metaphor of people or things without the shortcomings, as a "white jade".So in the translation should pay attention to the word is the original meaning and extended meaning, such as the former is translated into "flawless white jade"; if the latter is translated into "spotless virtue" or "impeccable moral integrity".
2) 白菜———Chinese cabbage
"Chinese cabbage" also known as "cabbage", "cabbage", commonly known as "vegetables", similar to the cabbage, but is not the same, should be translated into "Chinesecabbage", to show the difference between.
3) 白藏———autumn; fall
"Er Ya Shi": "autumn of white Tibetan", it should be translated as "autumn" or "fall".
4) 白丁———the common people
"Private" refers to the "civilian; not fame", translation should be taken to avoid the.
5) 白痴———idiot; fool
It refers to "a kind of" the most severe mental retardation, equivalent to the English "idiot", "fool" means.
6) 白费———to lose; to waste; to be in vain
"Waste", "waste", "waste" refers to "waste; useless", has nothing to do with the "white" color, corresponding to the English "white" can not, the translator should adopt free translation.
7) 白银———silver
The ancient Chinese called silver yellow white, "white" refers to the "silver".
8) 白马王子———prince charming
"Prince Charming" refers to "the girl love ideal young man", and "Prince Charming" in English means "married Cinderella and the prince; the ideal of marriage, both men" is the corresponding.
9) 白手起家———to rise in life by one' s own efforts; to start from scratch
This idiom means "no economic basis or in poor condition and create a career", so
the translation cannot translate the color, because the "white" refers to the "empty-handed or manual", rather than "the white hand".
10)白字———wrongly written or mispronounced character
White is not white, but refers to "mistakes or read the wrong word or character".
11) 白话———vernacular
The vernacular Chinese (Mandarin) refers to a written language, such as the vernacular Chinese, vernacular fiction, and regardless of color, can not use the "white" in English translation.When the vernacular means "can not be achieved or not according to the words", such as "empty talk", should be translated into "noncence".
12) 白描———a kind of Chinese outline drawing; the simple, straightforward style of writing
Baimiao refers to the techniques of Chinese painting. It originated from the ancient "white painting", also refers to a style of literary creation, with concise text, without contrast, depict a vivid image. Translation note around.
13) 白战———fight unarmed
White and unarmed combat, no weapons, no white war.
14)白头偕老———live to ripe old age in conjugal bliss; remain a devoted couple to the end of their lives
This idiom means "couples living together to the old" married "a harmonious union lasting a hundred years, common in the eulogy; said of a couple", "bald" does not mean "white head", it means "old".
15) 白开水———plain boiled water
"No tea or other things of boiling water", not "white" boiling water, translation without the white color.
16) 白衣天使———nurse
"Angel in white" is the nurse of the name, "doctor" is on the doctor's name, so the translation of "nurse" and "doctor" on the line.
2. And "white" the relevant vocabulary, idioms and their translation in English
1) white alert———解除空袭警报
International air raid alarm is divided into three kinds, namely "yellow alert", "Red Alert" and "white alert" refer to "yellow alert", "warning" and "the all-clear".
2) white book———白皮书
"White book" refers to the "government, Parliament and other published political, diplomatic, financial and other major issues of files, this is the white", "white paper" has been accepted by the people.
3) white coffee———加牛奶的咖啡
Coffee milk color looks better than the original light, so the English called "white coffee".
4) white collar———白领
The "white collar" directly translated as "white-collar" has been accepted by the people, it refers to the mental work white-collar class.
5) white elephant———累赘的东西
"White elephant" does not refer to the elephant, but refers to the ancient king of
Thailand to "white elephant" to give out the retainer, can not sell, raise it and spend a lot of money story, later described it as useless but not any treatment, and the need for money or labor to management and maintenance. For example:
6) white feather———怯懦; 胆小鬼
Don't put the "white feather" translated into "white feather", Old English think tail minister Bai Yumao cockfighting is improved, and not good fight, to a man of cowardice or coward.
7) white goods———家用白色织物; 大型家用电器
The Anglo-Americans sheets, pillowcases, tablecloths colour mostly white; their household appliances are mostly white.
8) white- haired/headed boy———得宠儿; 幸运儿
9) white hands———清白无辜; 廉正; 诚实
The phrase is not a white hands, but the metaphor of "innocent; integrity; honesty".
10) white hope———被寄予厚望的人( 或事物) ; 承担艰巨任务的人
11) White House———白宫
"White House" literal translation "White House", referring to the president of the United States White Palace or the United States government, had to accept the people.
12) white- knuckle———神经紧张的; 引起神经紧张的
13) white lady———鸡尾酒
"White lady" does not mean "white lady", nor "dressed in white lady", but also refers to a kind of cocktail gin, orange wine, lemon juice, shake with ice and strain into a protein, can also refer to a "cocaine".
14) white lie———善意的谎言
"White lie" means "a harmless lie", translated as "white lie" or "not hurt the important essentials lie" properly.
15) white market———白市; 合法交易市场
Because of the "white" in English is "pure" meaning, "white market" to describe and "black market (black)" instead of the official market, fitting.
16) whitewash———粉饰; 掩盖
"Whitewash" refers to the original "white coat", after dressing or conceal errors and shortcomings compared to.
17) white war———不流血的战争; 经济战
To refer to a bloody war with the "red battle/war" in English, with corresponding white war to describe the war without bloodshed, mainly refers to economic warfare.
18) white days———吉日; 好日子
Because of the "white" with "fortunate; lucky" meaning, so the correct translation of the phrase is "auspicious day".
三. BLACK
Semantics in the Chinese culture and American culture in black and symbolic significance has roughly the same, "dark", "black", "evil", "cruel", "illegal" meaning, such as the Chinese "dark forces", "black", "black heart"; the English "black heart" "black market", etc..
But the symbolic significance of black in Anglo-American culture is more strongly, it is
"sinister", "evil", "criminal", "despair", "mourning", "demons" meaning. It is the analogy always give a person a kind of terrible, even the evil feeling. Black also contains a "devastating; gloomy; angry" meaning, such as "Black Friday (unlucky Friday)", "in a black mood (depressed mood)", "give sb. a black look (ferocious stare sb.)".
1. 汉语中与“黑”有关的词汇、习语及其英译
1)黑帮———reationary/sinister gang
The society covert activities of criminal gangs, use reationary or sinister to translate more image, outstanding.
2)黑店———ganster inn
Refers to the murder plunders the goods inn, "ganster (bandits, bandits) to translation" is preferable to "black".
3)黑不溜秋———swarthy
The dialect describe black ugly, while in English, "swarthy" is the meaning of.
4)黑社会———Mafia- style organizations; gangland
T he Anglo-Americans have black society called "Mafia- style organizations; gangland".
2.英语中与“black”相关的词汇、习语及其汉译
1) Black and white———白纸黑字; 书面
"Black" means "black ink", "white" means "whitepaper", meaning black words written on white paper, conclusive evidence in Chinese saying, put it down in black and white on the source of.
2) black- bag———非法秘密搜查
In American English, it refers to the illegal secret search the United States Federal people do.
3) black belt———黑腰带
Now "black belt" is mainly used to refer to "the highest level of judo"
4) black box———黑匣子
The English "black box" refers to the electronic equipment installed in the aircraft, used to record flight data, because its name is black.
5) black coffee———清咖啡; 不加牛奶( 或奶油) 的咖啡
The British and Americans do not add milk (or cream) in coffee called black coffee, from the milk (or cream) coffee white coffee.
6) black eye———乌黑的眼睛;丢脸的事,耻辱;
"Black eye" and "dark eyes or bruised eyes", a "disgrace still in American spoken English; stigma; bad reputation".
7) Black Hand———黑手党; 黑社会组织;
"Black Hand" is not a black hand it means "mafia or black social organization", it has become a specific appellation.
8) black hole———黑洞
"Black hole" in the field of astronomy refers to the "black hole", but it also "black jails; cell.".
9) Black Friday———不吉利的星期五
Jesus suffering so on Friday, with Black Friday, metaphor calamity, dangerous
unknown.
10) black- letter day———倒霉的日子
"Black" is "unlucky" mean in English, "white", "auspicious; good", with "black- letter day" and "white day to refer to (good day)" the opposite meaning.
11) blacklist———黑名单
"Blacklist" in English means "list of people or organization to boycott or punish", Chinese translation is "black list", and "whitelist" white list contrary.
12) black market———黑市
The "black market" translated into the black market is very appropriate, because both the illegal trade means, with the official market "white market" means just the opposite. 13) blackout———灯火管制; 暂时性失去记忆
"Blackout" means there are many, such as "power; power; painted out; remove;" out of the stage lights ", the most common means" Blackout "or" temporary loss of memory". 14) black sheep———害群之马; 败类; 有辱门楣的人
"Black sheep" from the proverb "There is a black sheep in every frock", used to describe "an evil member of the herd" or "scum; the black sheep of the family".
15) black smith———铁匠
"Black Smith" means to create a darker color, metal (such as iron) craftsmen, with "White Smith" to refer to create lighter hardware (such as silver).
所有颜色的英文 accent colour 强调色 advancing colour 前进色amber 琥珀色(黄色) amethyst 紫(水晶)色antique brass 青古铜色antique golden 古铜色antique violet 古紫色antique white 古董白apricot 杏黄 aqua green 水绿色,浅绿色aquamarine 碧绿色aquamarine blue 蓝绿色auburn 赤褐色 August green 深绿色autumn mink 深咖啡色azure 天蓝色 azure green 碧绿色 baby blue 淡蓝色 baby pink 浅粉红色 bark 树皮色 begin colour 自然色 beige 浅褐色,米白色,灰褐色 benzo blue 靛青色 berry 鲜红色,浆果红biscuit 淡褐色 bisque 桔黄色 black 黑色blue 蓝色 blue green 竹青色,青绿色 blueviolet 紫罗兰色 bluish 带蓝色的，浅蓝色 blush 淡红色 bone 骨色 bottle green 深绿色 brick red 青莲色 bronze 青铜色 brown 褐色,棕色,茶色 buff 浅黄色;暗黄色 burgundy 葡萄红;枣红色 burly wood 实木色 butter 油黄色 butter cup 深黄色 cadet blue 军蓝色,灰蓝色 calamineblue 淡蓝色 camel 驼色 camouflage 迷彩色 caramel 酱色 carmine 深红色,洋红色 carnation 粉红色,康乃馨 celery 菜绿色,芹菜 celeste 天蓝色 cerise 樱桃色 chalky 白垩的 chambray 有条纹或格子 花纹的布 charcoal 炭色 charcoal gray 炭灰色 chartreuse 黄绿色 cherry 鲜红色,樱桃色 chestnut 栗色 chocolate 红褐色,赭石色, 巧克力色 chost white 幽灵白 cinnamon 肉桂色 citrine 柠檬黄 citrus green 浅绿色 classic navy 蓝色 clay 泥土 clear 透明 cobalt 钴蓝色,深蓝色 cobalt blue 钴蓝色,艳蓝色 cochineal 胭脂红,洋红 cocoa 可可色,黄棕色 coffee 咖啡色 cold colour 冷色 colour combination 配色 colour matching 配色 colour mixing 调色 complementary colour 补 色 contracting colour 收缩色 contrast color 衬色 copper 铜;红铜色 copper red 铜红色
公司企业常见部门名称英文 总公司Head Office 分公司Branch Office 营业部Business Office 人事部Personnel Department (人力资源部)Human Resources Department 总务部General Affairs Department 财务部General Accounting Department 销售部Sales Department 促销部Sales Promotion Department 国际部International Department 出口部Export Department 进口部Import Department 公共关系Public Relations Department 广告部Advertising Department 企划部Planning Department 产品开发部Product Development Department 研发部Research and Development Department(R&D) 秘书室Secretarial Pool 常见职位、职务英文译名 Accounting Assistant会计助理 Accounting Clerk记帐员 Accounting Manager会计部经理 Accounting Stall会计部职员 Accounting Supervisor会计主管 Administration Manager行政经理 Administration Staff行政人员 Administrative Assistant行政助理 Administrative Clerk行政办事员 Advertising Staff广告工作人员 Airlines Sales Representative航空公司定座员 Airlines Staff航空公司职员 Application Engineer应用工程师 Assistant Manager副经理 Bond Analyst证券分析员
题目（英文）A Contrastive Study of Color Words’Cultural Connotation in Chinese and English 院系外国语2016级12班__________________专业_师范英语________________________ 学生姓名黄多多 学号1234567899 指导教师某某 指导教师职称教授
绵阳师范学院教务处制二Ο一四年五月
本科生毕业设计（论文）开题报告表 题目中英颜色词文化内涵对比研究 一、设计选题的依据 （一）选题研究的目的： 人类生活的世界五彩斑斓，色彩缤纷。各种各样的颜色构成了我们这个精彩纷呈，五光十色的地球，给人类的生活添加了趣味，让人类能够享受到视觉的饕餮大餐。颜色是物体的自然属性，人们用它来描绘不同事物给人们的视觉的第一感受。颜色不仅可以用来描绘人们所看到的物体，也可以用来表达人们的内心感受。颜色不仅仅承载着一个国家从古至今的物质文化发展轨迹，更加沉淀着不同地域的人们所独有的政治观念，文化观念，审美观念等文化精髓。 进入21世纪以来，人们大步迈向了经济全球化，信息网络化，交流无国界化的时代。随着世界各国对外贸易政策日趋开放，现代交通工具飞速发展这些“硬实力”大幅提升，随着现代新型信息交流媒介电脑，通讯媒介手机等在全球人民的普及这些“软实力”迅猛发展，各国人民在现实生活和网络生活中的接触和交流日趋频繁。不同地域的人们交流，即是不同文化从碰撞到融和的过程。在这种形势之下，对中西颜色词的文化内涵进行对比研究便是很必要并且迫切的一件事情。 首先，透过对中西方颜色词语的文化内涵的对比研究，我们能更加了解我们这个有着5000年悠久历史的四大文明古国之一的祖国的文化起源，发展。我们能更加感受到我们中华民族在世界民族之林的独特性，民族自豪感便会从内心深处油然而生，让我们对自己的祖国更加地挚爱。 其次，拨开颜色词语的表象来看颜色词语的文化内涵，有助于更加精确地理解不同语言的文化作品通过颜色词语所传达的意境。在文学作品中，颜色词语广泛运用于环境描写，来渲染和烘托作品主题。只有对颜色词语的文化内涵做到准确的拿捏，才能对文学作品有透彻的理解。 最后，关注颜色词语在中西文化中的差异，能让人们在跨文化交际中做到“知己知彼，绝不冒犯”。在当今的”地球村”，不同国家的人们在生活，工作等各方面有了更多的交集。只有避免文化的冲突，才能让跨文化交际取得实质性的成功。
各种颜色英文翻译
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ｂlｕe蓝色 green绿色 purple紫色 ｙellow黄色 ｒeｄ红色 pink粉红色 pａｌegｏldenrod 苍麒麟色 palｅgreeｎ苍绿色 pａletｕrｑuｏｉsｅ苍绿色 palevioｌetred 苍紫罗蓝色 pansy 紫罗兰色 ｐapayaｗｈiｐ番木色 peacｈｐuｆf 桃色 perｕ秘鲁色 ｐink 粉红色 saｌmon pink 橙红色 baｂy pinｋ浅粉红色 shoｃkｉnｇｐｉnｋ鲜粉红色 browｎ褐色, 茶色 bｅige 灰褐色 chocoｌate红褐色，赭石色 ｓａndy beige 浅褐色 cａmel 驼色 ambｅｒ琥珀色 khaｋi卡其色 maroon 褐红色 greｅｎ绿色 moｓｓgreen苔绿色 ｅｍerald gｒeen 鲜绿色 ｏlive gｒｅen 橄榄绿 blue蓝色 turquoｉse blue 土耳其玉色 cobaｌt ｂlｕe钴蓝色, 艳蓝色 nａvy bｌｕe 藏青色, 深蓝色, 天蓝色aquaｍarｉｎｅblｕe 蓝绿色 ｒed 红色 scarlｅt 绯红,猩红 mauve 紫红 ｗinｅrｅd葡萄酒红 purple，ｖｉolet 紫色 laｖender淡紫色 lｉｌac 浅紫色
ａntiｑueｖｉoｌｅt 古紫色pansy紫罗兰色 ｗｈiｔe 白色 ｏff-whiｔe灰白色 ivｏry 象牙色 snoｗｙwhite 雪白色 oyster wｈite 乳白色 gray 灰色 cｈａrcoal gray 炭灰色 smｏｋy gray 烟灰色 ｍisty gray 雾灰色 pｌum 杨李色 ｐoｗderbluｅ粉蓝色 pｕrple 紫色 ｒｅd 红色 rosybrown 褐玫瑰红 ｒｏｙａlblue 宝蓝色 rubiｎe 宝石红 saddlebrowｎ重褐色 sａｌmoｎ鲜肉色 ｓａlmon pink橙红色 saｎdy bｅｉge 浅褐色 saｎｄｙbｒown 沙褐色 sａpｐｈire宝石蓝 scarleｔ猩红色 sｅａgｒeen海绿色 ｓeashｅll 海贝色 ｓｈockｉng piｎk鲜粉红色siennａ赭色 ｓilver 银白色 skｙbｌuｅ天蓝色 slateblue 石蓝色 sｌatｅgrａy灰石色 smoｋy grａy 烟灰色 sｎow 雪白色 spｒiｎggreen 春绿色steelblue 钢蓝色 sｔoｎe石色 tan 茶色 teａｌ水鸭色 thistｌe 蓟色 tｏmaｔo 番茄色 turquｏise青绿色
文教、科技有关部门常见职衔与职称英文翻译 （大学）校长President/Chancellor （大学）副校长Vice President （大学）代理校长Acting President （中学）校长Principal （小学）校长Head /Master 学院院长Dean of College/Head of College 教务长Dean/Director of Teaching Affairs 总务长Director in Charge of General Affairs 系主任Department Chairman /Department Head 教研室主任Head of the Teaching and Research Section 实验室主任Laboratory Chief 教导主任Director of Teaching and 班主任Discipline Class Adviser/Head Teacher 教授Professor 副教授Associate Professor 客座教授Visiting Professor/Guest Professor 兼职教授Part-time Professor 名誉教授Honorary Professor 终身教授Lifetime Professor 外籍教授Foreign Professor 研究生指导教师Graduate Teacher/Research Supervisor 讲师Lecturer/Instructor
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毕业论文开题报告 题目:The Differences of Basic Color Words between English and Chinese From the Perspective of Cross-cultural 从跨文化角度研究英汉基本颜色词汇的差异 姓名: 学号: 班级: 指导老师: 一、课题的目的和意义 我们生活的世界犹如一个五颜六色的万花筒,万事万物都有自己的色彩属性, 我们经常会使用各种颜色词来形象地描绘我们所观察到的一切,甚至运用颜色来表达我们的喜怒哀乐,但是由于中西方文化的不同,对颜色的理解也会不同,颜色词汇隐含着许多深层意思,暗示着不同种族对颜色的感受。如果我们不深入了解中西方文化的差异,我们很难了解每种颜色在不同国家的含义。因此,通过对英汉颜色词汇文化差异的学习,了解英语国家和我们汉语国家对不同颜色的理解和应用,进一步深化对中外文化差异的理解,使我们能够改善我们的语言能力,避免与西方文化相冲突,从而让跨文化传播收获更大的成功。 二、文献综述 1.国外颜色词的研究 各个民族的语言虽然是不同的,但是我们生活中出现的很多现象却是相似的, 比如说我们都生活在一个充满各种色彩的世界,因此各个民族的学者们都会对这些
现象加以关注并进行研究。国外对颜色词的研究起步较早,很多学者从不同角度对颜色词进行了探讨,其中有两种观点对中国颜色词的研究产生了较大影响,为中国的颜色词研究奠定了理论基础。 一种是柏林和凯恩的观点,1969年美国民族学家柏林(Brent Berlin)和语言学家凯恩(Pual Kay),考察了世界上98种语言中的颜色词,发表了《基本色彩词语:普遍性与进化论研究》一书,经研究表明,在各种语言的颜色词系统中,有11个基本颜色:白、黑、红、绿、黄、蓝、棕、紫、粉红、橙、灰。这本论著在颜色词研究领域有很大影响力,之后的很多学者在对颜色词进行研究时都以此作为基础理论。比如英国语言学家利奇就对这一论点给予了相当高的评价,他认为应该把基本颜色范畴看做一种弱普遍现象而不是强普遍现象。凯恩在之后的研究中也不断补充和更新这一论点,在1978年,凯恩和迈克丹尼尔两位学者合作发表文章,对基本颜色词的普遍发生顺序作出了调整,他们认为语言中有六种主要的颜色,分别是红、黄、绿、蓝、黑和白,其他颜色都是在这六种主要颜色的基础上复合、派生出来的。 还有一种观点是以“语言相对主义”(又称萨丕尔---沃尔夫假说)作为理论基础对颜色词进行研究。“语言相对主义”的主要观点是认为语言形式决定着语言使用者对这个世界的看法;因为世界上的语言是不同的,所以各个民族对世界的认识也是截然不同的。涉及到颜色词而言,赞同“语言相对主义”的人们认为光谱上的颜色并没有自然的分类,颜色词的语义编码在不同的语言中是任意的,所以在各种语言的颜色词系统中并不存在共同的基本颜色范畴,如康克林、格里森这两位学者就持这种观点。这种观点与柏林和凯恩认为的在各种语言中有基本颜色范畴的存在是相对的。 2.国内颜色词的研究 国内对颜色词的研究起步较晚,主要借鉴西方的研究成果,尤其是柏林和凯恩的观点。虽然在理论上没有独树一帜,但是对颜色词研究的切入点是相当丰富的,角度是多维的。目前,对汉语颜色词的研究大致都是从颜色词翻译和文化对比的研究来展开的。
blue蓝色 green绿色 purple紫色 yellow黄色 red红色 pink粉红色 palegoldenrod 苍麒麟色palegreen 苍绿色 paleturquoise 苍绿色palevioletred 苍紫罗蓝色 pansy 紫罗兰色 papayawhip 番木色 peachpuff 桃色 peru 秘鲁色 pink 粉红色 salmon pink 橙红色 baby pink 浅粉红色 shocking pink 鲜粉红色 brown 褐色, 茶色 beige 灰褐色 chocolate 红褐色, 赭石色 sandy beige 浅褐色 camel 驼色 amber 琥珀色 khaki 卡其色 maroon 褐红色 green 绿色 moss green 苔绿色 emerald green 鲜绿色 olive green 橄榄绿 blue 蓝色 turquoise blue 土耳其玉色 cobalt blue 钴蓝色, 艳蓝色 navy blue 藏青色, 深蓝色, 天蓝色aquamarine blue 蓝绿色 red 红色 scarlet 绯红, 猩红 mauve 紫红 wine red 葡萄酒红 purple, violet 紫色 lavender 淡紫色 lilac 浅紫色
antique violet 古紫色pansy 紫罗兰色 white 白色 off-white 灰白色 ivory 象牙色 snowy white 雪白色oyster white 乳白色gray 灰色 charcoal gray 炭灰色smoky gray 烟灰色misty gray 雾灰色plum 杨李色powderblue 粉蓝色purple 紫色 red 红色 rosybrown 褐玫瑰红royalblue 宝蓝色rubine 宝石红saddlebrown 重褐色salmon 鲜肉色salmon pink 橙红色sandy beige 浅褐色sandybrown 沙褐色sapphire 宝石蓝scarlet 猩红色seagreen 海绿色seashell 海贝色shocking pink 鲜粉红色sienna 赭色 silver 银白色 skyblue 天蓝色slateblue 石蓝色slategray 灰石色smoky gray 烟灰色snow 雪白色springgreen 春绿色steelblue 钢蓝色 stone 石色 tan 茶色 teal 水鸭色 thistle 蓟色 tomato 番茄色turquoise 青绿色
颜色用英语怎么说 颜色是通过眼、脑和我们的生活经验所产生的一种对光的视觉效应，我们肉眼所见到的光线，是由波长范围很窄的电磁波产生的，不同波长的电磁波表现为不同的颜色，对色彩的辨认是肉眼受到电磁波辐射能刺激后所引起的一种视觉神经的感觉。那么你知道颜色用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。 颜色英语说法1： colour 颜色英语说法2： tinct 颜色的相关短语： 校样颜色Proof Color 颜色贴图Diffuse ; Color mapping ; Color Map ; ColorModifier-Maps 颜色歌Colors Song ; Colour Song ; Colours ; A Song of Colours 替换颜色Replace Color ; Change to Color ; change color 颜色深浅Shade ; NUANCE ; blood liquid 头发颜色hair color ; colorHair ; Color Of Hair ; Black 颜色加深Color Burn ; Color Bum ; Color deepening
颜色模式Color Mode ; RGB ; CMYK ; Lab 字体颜色Font Color ; ForeColor ; Text color ; color 颜色的英语例句： 1. All colour fades; especially under the impact of direct sunlight. 所有颜色都会褪色;;尤其是在阳光直射下。 2. We painted our table to match the window frame in the bedroom. 我们把桌子刷成与卧室窗框一致的颜色。 3. Her silk shirtdress was sky-blue, the colour of her eyes. 她一袭天蓝色的真丝衬衫式连身裙，和她的双眸颜色一样。 4. Use different colours of felt pen on your sketch to avoid confusion. 用不同颜色的毡头笔画草图，以免搞混。 5. Hybridising the two species will reduce the red to orange. 将这两个物种杂交后颜色会由红色淡化成橙色。 6. A wide range of colours and patterns are available. 各种颜色和样式都有。 7. Draw simple shapes for your child to colour in. 画一些简单的形状让孩子涂上颜色。 8. All sorts of colours will result as these flowers hybridise
本文由雪白乌鸭贡献 文教、科技有关部门常见职衔与职称英文翻译 （大学）校长 Ｐｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔ／Ｃｈａｎｃｅｌｌｏｒ （大学）副校长 Ｖｉｃｅ Ｐｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔ （大学）代理校长 Ａｃｔｉｎｇ Ｐｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔ （中学）校长 Ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌ （小学）校长 Ｈｅａｄ ／Ｍａｓｔｅｒ 学院院长 Ｄｅａｎ ｏｆ Ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ／Ｈｅａｄ ｏｆ Ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ 教务长 Ｄｅａｎ／Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｏｒ ｏｆ Ｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ Ａｆｆａｉｒｓ 总务长 Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｏｒ ｉｎ Ｃｈａｒｇｅ ｏｆ Ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ Ａｆｆａｉｒｓ 系主任 Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ Ｃｈａｉｒｍａｎ ／Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ Ｈｅａｄ 教研室主任 Ｈｅａｄ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ Ｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ ａｎｄ Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ 实验室主任 Ｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙ Ｃｈｉｅｆ 教导主任 Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｏｒ ｏｆ Ｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ ａｎｄ 班主任 Ｄｉｓｃｉｐｌｉｎｅ Ｃｌａｓｓ Ａｄｖｉｓｅｒ／Ｈｅａｄ Ｔｅａｃｈｅｒ 教授 Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ 副教授 Ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅ Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ 客座教授 Ｖｉｓｉｔｉｎｇ Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ／Ｇｕｅｓｔ Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ 兼职教授 Ｐａｒｔ－ｔｉｍｅ Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ 名誉教授 Ｈｏｎｏｒａｒｙ Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ 终身教授 Ｌｉｆｅｔｉｍｅ Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ 外籍教授 Ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ 研究生指导教师 Ｇｒａｄｕａｔｅ Ｔｅａｃｈｅｒ／Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ Ｓｕｐｅｒｖｉｓｏｒ 讲师 Ｌｅｃｔｕｒｅｒ／Ｉｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｏｒ 助教 Ｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ Ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｔ （Ｔ．Ａ．） 实验员 Ｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙ Ｔｅｃｈｎｉｃｉａｎ 图书馆员 Ｌｉｂｒａｒｉａｎ 研究所所长 Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｏｒ 研究员 Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ Ｆｅｌｌｏｗ／Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒ 副研究员 Ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅ Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ Ｆｅｌｌｏｗ ／ Ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅ Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒ 助研 Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ Ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｔ 资料员 Ｄａｔａ Ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｒ 总工程师 Ｃｈｉｅｆ Ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒ 副总工程师 Ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｔ Ｃｈｉｅｆ Ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒ 高级工程师 Ｓｅｎｉｏｒ Ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒ 工程师 Ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒ 助工 Ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｔ Ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒ 技术员 Ｔｅｃｈｎｉｃｉａｎ 技师 Ｓｋｉｌｌｅｄ Ｔｅｃｈｎｉｃｉａｎ 董事长 Ｃｈａｉｒｍａｎ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ Ｂｏａｒｄ ／Ｃｈａｉｒｍａｎ 董事／理事 Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｏｒ 副董事 Ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅ Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｏｒ 高级会计师 Ｓｅｎｉｏｒ Ａｃｃｏｕｎｔａｎｔ 注册会计师（美国）Ｃｈａｒｔｅｒｅｄ Ａｃｃｏｕｎｔａｎｔ 注册会计师（美国）Ｃｅｒｔｉｆｉｅｄ Ｐｕｂｌｉｃ Ａｃｃｏｕｎｔａｎｔ（ＣＰＡ） 助理会计师 Ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｔ Ａｃｃｏｕｎｔａｎｔ 主任会计 Ｃｈｉｅｆ Ａｃｃｏｕｎｔａｎｔ 高级经济师 Ｓｅｎｉｏｒ Ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ Ｍａｎｇｅｒ ／ Ｓｅｎｉｏｒ Ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｓｔ 经济师 Ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ Ｍａｎａｇｅｒ ／Ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｓｔ 建筑师 Ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔ 规划师 Ｐｌａｎｎｅｒ
OUTLINE Abstract Key Words I.Introduction 1.1 Definition of Basic Color Terms and Cultural Connotations 1.2 Background of Research on Color Terms 1.2.1 Research on Basic Color Terms in Foreign Countries 1.2.2 Research on Basic Color Terms in China II. Basic Color Terms 2.1 Chinese Basic Color Terms 2.2. English Basic Color Term III. Cultural Connotations of Basic Color Terms in English and Chinese 3.1Black 3.2White 3.3Red 3.4Yellow 3.5Green 3.6Blue 3.7Purple 3.8Gray IV. The Translation of Color Terms 4.1Translation and Culture 4.2Literal Translation 4.3Annotation and Contextual Amplification 4.4Free Translation 4.5Zero Translation V. Conclusion Bibliography 中文标题、摘要、关键词
The Cultural Connotations and the Translation of Color Terms in Chinese and English Author：Number：Tutor： Abstract: We live in a colorful world. There are many color words in the world. Color words have rich cultural connotations. Resulting from different social cultures, historical processes and geographic conditions, English and Chinese color terms reflect the difference in the cultural aspects such as social values, customs, color preference etc. Therefore, it is of significance to have a study on the cultural connotations of basic color terms between English and Chinese. The thesis deals with cultural connotations of basic color words in English and Chinese and introduces several translation methods by several examples. By the contrastive study of cultural connotations of basic color terms between English and Chinese, we can know more about what is going on in people's mind, in their language and culture. Therefore, in translation practice, what is important is to break the cultural barriers and convey the source cultural faithfully and effectively. Keywords: color terms; cultural connotations; translation I. Introduction 1.1 Definition of Basic Color Terms and Cultural Connotations We live in a colorful world. To satisfy our daily necessities, people use a great number of color terms to represent colors. For instance, it is seemed that there are over three thousand color words in English. Moreover, our eyes can be able to distinguish seven million colors, for most of which we do not have any expressions available at all. Generally speaking, the color words in English can be divided into two categories: basic color terms and object color terms. There are so many color terms in English and Chinese that we cannot discuss all of them, thus in this thesis, the discussion will focus on the field of basic color terms. However, it’s difficult to give a accur ate definition to basic color terms. There are many versions of definition to basic color terms, among which the most acceptable is given by Berlin and Kay. In their Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution, Berlin and Kay lay out four basic criteria to judge whether a color word is basic or not.
A Study of E-C Color Term Corresponding Translation Strategies 英汉互译中颜色词的非对应翻译策略研究
Abstract and Key Words Abstract:Language is the reflection of culture. English and Chinese exist in two different cultures, and has its own history and society, living environment and experiences, customs and religions, and so on. However, all of these factors result in the different associative meanings in same vocabulary or different words, in other words, the culture-loaded words. In western and Chinese societies, there are many words or phrases with same word meaning but different associative meanings which caused by cultural differences. In fact, the differences in associative meaning is actually the gap between cultural information. As people live in different environments with different cultural background and customs, for the same object or thing, they usually have different associations. This paper analyzes the influence of cultural difference on color associative meanings and its translation from perspective of vocabulary, through comparative analysis on associative meaning differences in Chinese and western cultures and the influences in translation, this paper points out the importance of cultural differences in associative meanings and translation and thus put forward some translation methods for solving these problems in culture-loaded word translation. Key words: comparative analysis; basic color terms; cultural connotations; differences; reasons 摘要：语言是文化的反映。英汉两种语言存在于两种文化之中，因此它们有着各自的历史、社会、生活环境、生活经历、习俗和宗教等。而这一切就导致了英汉两种语言中相同的词汇具有不同的联想意义，即文化负载词。在西方社会和中国，有许多词汇或短语有着相同的字面意思，但却因为不同的文化而具有不同的联想意义.其实，联想意义的不同就是文化信息的鸿沟。 人们由于生活在不同的环境，有着不同的文化背景和习俗，对同一个事物通常都会有不同的联想。本文通过对比分析不同文化间颜色词汇联想意义的差异，及这些差异对词汇翻译造成的影响，指出了注重这种差异的重要性，提出了解决由这些差异给翻译带来的问题的一些解决办法。 关键词：比较研究；基本颜色词；文化内涵；差异；成因
玉：jade 银：silver 沙子色：sand 青铜色：gunmetal 浅橄榄灰色：stone 米灰色：D/melange 米黄色：cream 咖啡色：coffee 酒红色：wine 金：gold 黄色：yellow 黑色：black 橄榄色：olive 粉红色：pink 古铜色：anti gold 自然色：natural 桃色：peach 水仙黄：daffod 珊瑚色：coral 青铜色：gilt 蓝灰色：pewter 湖水蓝：turq 红古铜色：bronze 粉玫色：fuchsia 淡黄绿色：pistac 彩虹色：rainbow 憬红色：shocking red pink 粉红色 salmon pink 橙红色 baby pink 浅粉红色shocking pink 鲜粉红色brown 褐色, 茶色 beige 灰褐色 chocolate 红褐色, 赭石色sandy beige 浅褐色camel 驼色 amber 琥珀色 khaki 卡其色 maroon 褐红色 green 绿色 moss green 苔绿色emerald green 鲜绿色olive green 橄榄绿
turquoise blue 土耳其玉色 cobalt blue 钴蓝色, 艳蓝色 navy blue 藏青色, 深蓝色, 天蓝色aquamarine blue 蓝绿色 red 红色 scarlet 绯红, 猩红 mauve 紫红 wine red 葡萄酒红 purple, violet 紫色 lavender 淡紫色 lilac 浅紫色 antique violet 古紫色 pansy 紫罗兰色 white 白色 off-white 灰白色 ivory 象牙色 snowy white 雪白色 oyster white 乳白色 gray 灰色 charcoal gray 炭灰色 smoky gray 烟灰色 misty gray 雾灰色 BABY BLUE 浅蓝 TIGERLILY 橘红 STORM 雾灰 WINTER SKY 天蓝 VAPOR BLUE 烟灰 OYSTER GREY 米灰 JESTER RED 大红 CANDY PINK 粉红 JAFFA ORANGE 橘黄 pale taupe 浅灰褐色 cracker khaki 杏色 tulip yellow 黄色 thirsty blue 浅蓝色 green mint 浅绿 banana cream 香蕉黄 Acid blue 湖色 Amber 琥珀色 Amethyst 紫水晶色 Antique 古紫色 Apple green 苹果绿 Apricot 杏黄
浅析文化差异与黑、白两种颜色词翻译 岳阳职业技术学院李蜜 在汉英语言中, 表示各种不同颜色或色彩的词 都很丰富。由于我国与绝大部分英语国家相隔万里, 自然现象、历史背景、审美心理等千差万别, 人们对于颜色的感受和表达不尽相同。这样, 颜色的象征意义在中西文化之间自然又会产生很大的差异。所以, 了解英汉文化的背景知识, 掌握表示颜色的词语在两种语言中的深层含义, 才能进行更好地翻译。一、颜色词的象征意义及社会人文因素 “色彩的象征性是色彩的联想被固定为一种社 会观念时形成的, 这种象征意义是色彩内涵性质的外延, 与该社会的历史、文化等人文因素紧密相连。”影响颜色词象征意义的中西社会人文因素主要在以下几个方面: 1、民俗民情 在中国文化传统中, 颜色的生成具有神秘主义 意味和丰富的文化内涵。与中国的宇宙观和五行学说密切相关。如对红色的崇拜来源于对日神的崇拜, 对白色的禁忌源于对月神崇拜。 西方人则不同, 他们个性意识发达, 具有悲剧性 的崇高审美观, 因而没有那些五花八门的迷信。对
于他们来说只有black( 黑) 和white( 白) 两色才真正具有某些代表意义, 前者代表庄严肃穆, 后者代表清白素雅, 真正具有民俗文化色彩和内涵。 2、宗教信仰 颜色词的文化象征意义带有明显的宗教色彩。 在中国、印度等佛教国家, 佛教的色彩美学有着丰富的象征寓意,如把恶行引起的果称为“黑”,而把善行所引起的果称为“白”,白色在佛教中是圣洁的象征。因此,体现佛教内容的纹样往往用“白色”来象征菩 提之心。 在中世纪的英国, 颜色在基督教徒们的宗教思 想中扮演了重要的角色, 一些教义甚至明文规定了 不准对颜色词的滥用。如基督的衣服在他初始阶段 也要画成蓝色的, 在复活时却要画成白色的或红色的。这些约定无疑是英语国家人们的宗教想象所决 定的, 因为在基督教中黑色代表着耶稣与黑暗使者 的遭遇, 而红色和白色都代表着神和上帝的本性: 智慧与爱。 3、政治变迁 在不同的政治历史阶段, 不同的社会生活中, 人 们对颜色的熟知、理解和运用不尽相同。在我国几 千年的封建文化里, 位于高贵的颜色如黄、红等在传
翻译英汉颜色词的浅析 摘要：众所周知，色彩与人类生活紧密相连，是人类认识世界的一个主要途径。色彩不仅属性广泛，还蕴含其丰富的文化内涵和延伸意义。然而，受到地理环境，历史文化，思维方式，宗教信仰，社会制度及生活习惯方面的影响，不同民族表 达颜色的含义又有所不同，而颜色词也展现出不同民族独特的文化。本文旨在以 颜色词为载体，对影响中英颜色词异同的原因举例进行比较，总结并分析了英语 颜色词翻译的方法。力求能够通过这些合适的翻译方法，将中英颜色词所承载的 信息和社会文化意义真实地呈现以达到交流的目的。 关键词：颜色词；翻译方法；异同点 A Brief Analysis of Translating English and Chinese Color Words Abstract: It is well known that color is closely connected with human life and an main path of human understanding of the world. It not only has a wide range of properties but also contains abundant cultural connotations and extended meaning. However, because of the various geographical environments, historical cultures, ways of thinking, religions, social systems and lifestyles of the nations all over the world, the implications of color words are affected by the diversities as well as show some unique culture. This paper aims to use color words as the carrier to study the factors resulting in similarities and differences between Chinese and English color words, summarizes and analyzes the translation methods of color word. Through these appropriate translation methods, the information and social cultural significance of Chinese and English color words can be truly presented so as to achieve the purpose of communication. Key Words：color words；translation methods；similarities and differences 词汇是语言中最活跃的因素，人类生活在五彩缤纷的世界中，离不开各种语言里的丰富 词汇。在日常生活中，颜色词是人类为了满足表达的需要从生活中提取出来的，并非由语言 学家随意发明。人类所表达的需求越多，则颜色词的意义就越大。颜色词在英汉语中使用频繁，较之其它类型的翻译，其隐含意义也相对复杂一些，因此，处理好颜色词的翻译是英汉 翻译的一个重点。在世界某些地区，相同颜色词可表示相同含义，但也可能代表不同语言或 文化中的差异。为了促进跨文化交流，笔者通过选取了一些基本颜色词进行分析，并试图通 过找出合适的翻译方法来解决这些文化差异。 一、颜色词概要 颜色词作为人类词汇的一部分，扮演着重要角色。根据成分和亮度的不同，颜色可分为 原色，混色，亮色，深色。然而，现代语言具有稳定的基本颜色词，可作为形成其核心的根源，产生大量的颜色词，形成众多丰富的颜色词群。根据以上构成，又可把颜色词分为以下 几类： 1.基本颜色词。 通常简短，易于记忆，方便使用，并以简洁的形式直接表达颜色。例如：“red” （红），“orange”（橙）, “yellow”（黄），“green”（绿）, “blue”（蓝），“purple”（紫），“grey”（灰）, “brown”（棕），“white” (白)，“black”（黑）等等。这些词可独立使用，若添加属性，则变成其他词语。为了生动而准确地表达色彩效果，人们总是以多种形式来展现。这种颜色 词通常是为了表达具体的颜色程度。比如“bright red”(鲜红色)，“grey blue” (灰蓝色)，“dark brown”(深褐色) 等。无论这些颜色词怎样丰富，它们都以基本颜色词作为延伸。 2.客观颜色词。 就是所谓的实物颜色词。这些词语在自然界中已存在，其本义主要是表示事物的名称， 这就很容易使人联想到物体的颜色。渐渐地，描述物体的词语变成了颜色词。例如，“silver”(银色), “cherry”(樱桃红), “bronze”(古铜色), “ruby”(宝石红), “jade”(翡翠色), “chocolate”(巧克力色), “coffee”(咖啡色)等。 3.情感色彩词。 自古以来，颜色词与情感息息相关。它们可代表不同的情绪。人们可通过颜色词巧妙地